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After XOR we get signal of double frequency as shown in figure 4 (c). We calculated the time of X OR signal and it is the power factor. For 50Hz the output of XOR can be 10 ms if power factor is 0. And “0” if power factor is unity. So the output of XOR lies between 0 -1 for a certain value of power factor.

Figure 4 After XOR we get signal of double frequency as shown in figure 4 (c). We calculated the time of X OR signal and it is the power factor. For 50Hz the output of XOR can be 10 ms if power factor is 0. And “0” if power factor is unity. So the output of XOR lies between 0 -1 for a certain value of power factor.

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Figure 1. Simple block diagram of Smart Energy Meter. The size of smart meters and traditional meters is same and smart meters are digital [7]. Smart Energy Meter measures more detailed readings than Kwhr so that utility can plan the expansion of network and power quality [8],[9],[10]. The Smart Energy Meter is designed so that it measures voltage and load currents by the use of voltage and current sensors instead of potential and current transformers and then feeds these values of voltage and current into power factor controller IC and energy metering IC the power factor and power calculations respectively [11].
Figure 1. Simple block diagram of Smart Energy Meter. The size of smart meters and traditional meters is same and smart meters are digital [7]. Smart Energy Meter measures more detailed readings than Kwhr so that utility can plan the expansion of network and power quality [8],[9],[10]. The Smart Energy Meter is designed so that it measures voltage and load currents by the use of voltage and current sensors instead of potential and current transformers and then feeds these values of voltage and current into power factor controller IC and energy metering IC the power factor and power calculations respectively [11].
A major feature of Smart Energy Meter is that utility company can cut off and reconnect the connection of energy of any user with the help of SMS without sending the person to perform the task manually [15]. It can be utilized in case when the utility company needs to disconnect a consumer due to non- payment of bills or some other reasons. Another major feature of Smart energy meter is that it gives alarm when the consumer load is exceeding the upper limit for which he got the utility connection [16]. In case consumer does not reduce his load meter automatically cut off the consumer connection. GSM
A major feature of Smart Energy Meter is that utility company can cut off and reconnect the connection of energy of any user with the help of SMS without sending the person to perform the task manually [15]. It can be utilized in case when the utility company needs to disconnect a consumer due to non- payment of bills or some other reasons. Another major feature of Smart energy meter is that it gives alarm when the consumer load is exceeding the upper limit for which he got the utility connection [16]. In case consumer does not reduce his load meter automatically cut off the consumer connection. GSM
Fig. 4 (a,b & c). The square wave of voltage and current and their resultant after XOR operation. Figure 3(a) The sine wave of voltage and current. Figure 3(b) Showing the phase difference between voltage and current
Fig. 4 (a,b & c). The square wave of voltage and current and their resultant after XOR operation. Figure 3(a) The sine wave of voltage and current. Figure 3(b) Showing the phase difference between voltage and current
Figure 6: The internal circuitry of Smart Energy Meter.
Figure 6: The internal circuitry of Smart Energy Meter.
The accuracy of Smart Energy Meter is checked by comparing the readings that are displayed on the LCD of SEM and that are received by SMS. Smart Energy Meter is also checked by connecting and disconnecting the customer’s connection. We connected different loads 100W, 200W, and 1000W and checked its performance. Figure 5: Smart Energy Meter in working
The accuracy of Smart Energy Meter is checked by comparing the readings that are displayed on the LCD of SEM and that are received by SMS. Smart Energy Meter is also checked by connecting and disconnecting the customer’s connection. We connected different loads 100W, 200W, and 1000W and checked its performance. Figure 5: Smart Energy Meter in working
Related topics:
Smart MeteringAutomatic Meter ReadingSmart EnergyEnergy Management in Smart Grid
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