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Abstract
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Testing and Results
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Engineering
Instrumentation

Automatic Energy Meter Reading using Smart Energy Meter

Profile image of Engr Zahid Iqbal RanaEngr Zahid Iqbal Rana
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1343.7928
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Abstract

An automatic remote meter-reading system based on GSM is presented in this paper. This paper is useful to obtain meter reading when desired so meter readers don't need to visit each customer for the consumed energy data collection and to distribute the bill slips. Microcontroller can be used to monitor and record the meter readings. In case of a customer defaulter, no need to send a person of utility to cutoff the customer connection. Utility can cut off and reconnect the customer connection by short message service (SMS). Furthermore, the customer can check the status of electricity (load) from anywhere. In this system energy meter readings are being transferred by making use of GSM.

FAQs

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AI

What key advantages do smart energy meters offer over conventional billing methods?add

Smart energy meters eliminate manual readings and reduce the potential for human error, leading to a more efficient billing process. They enable automatic billing and provide real-time data to consumers, enhancing transparency and load management.

How does GSM communication enhance the functionality of smart energy meters?add

The study finds that GSM communication enables remote meter reading and allows both consumers and utilities to access up-to-date consumption data efficiently. This method surpasses traditional communication methods by offering wider coverage and rapid data transmission.

What limitations exist in alternative communication technologies compared to GSM for smart meters?add

Alternative technologies like Wi-Fi and ZigBee have limited range and cost-effectiveness for large distances as compared to GSM. Power Line Communication (PLC) suffers from interference and noise, making it less reliable for accurate readings.

How are power factor measurements achieved in smart energy meters?add

Power factor is measured using an XOR operation on voltage and current signals with LM358, yielding precise readings based on phase shifts. This approach allows for effective monitoring of how efficiently power is utilized.

What methods were employed in testing the accuracy of the smart energy meter prototype?add

The accuracy of the smart energy meter was validated by comparing LCD displayed readings to those transmitted via SMS, along with connecting and disconnecting various load sizes (100W, 200W, 1000W). Results indicated high precision and reliability of performance.

Figures (6)
Figure 1. Simple block diagram of Smart Energy Meter. The size of smart meters and traditional meters is same and smart meters are digital [7]. Smart Energy Meter measures more detailed readings than Kwhr so that utility can plan the expansion of network and power quality [8],[9],[10]. The Smart Energy Meter is designed so that it measures voltage and load currents by the use of voltage and current sensors instead of potential and current transformers and then feeds these values of voltage and current into power factor controller IC and energy metering IC the power factor and power calculations respectively [11].
Figure 1. Simple block diagram of Smart Energy Meter. The size of smart meters and traditional meters is same and smart meters are digital [7]. Smart Energy Meter measures more detailed readings than Kwhr so that utility can plan the expansion of network and power quality [8],[9],[10]. The Smart Energy Meter is designed so that it measures voltage and load currents by the use of voltage and current sensors instead of potential and current transformers and then feeds these values of voltage and current into power factor controller IC and energy metering IC the power factor and power calculations respectively [11].
A major feature of Smart Energy Meter is that utility company can cut off and reconnect the connection of energy of any user with the help of SMS without sending the person to perform the task manually [15]. It can be utilized in case when the utility company needs to disconnect a consumer due to non- payment of bills or some other reasons. Another major feature of Smart energy meter is that it gives alarm when the consumer load is exceeding the upper limit for which he got the utility connection [16]. In case consumer does not reduce his load meter automatically cut off the consumer connection. GSM
A major feature of Smart Energy Meter is that utility company can cut off and reconnect the connection of energy of any user with the help of SMS without sending the person to perform the task manually [15]. It can be utilized in case when the utility company needs to disconnect a consumer due to non- payment of bills or some other reasons. Another major feature of Smart energy meter is that it gives alarm when the consumer load is exceeding the upper limit for which he got the utility connection [16]. In case consumer does not reduce his load meter automatically cut off the consumer connection. GSM
After XOR we get signal of double frequency as shown in figure 4 (c). We calculated the time of X OR signal and it is the power factor. For 50Hz the output of XOR can be 10 ms if power factor is 0. And “0” if power factor is unity. So the output of XOR lies between 0 -1 for a certain value of power factor.
After XOR we get signal of double frequency as shown in figure 4 (c). We calculated the time of X OR signal and it is the power factor. For 50Hz the output of XOR can be 10 ms if power factor is 0. And “0” if power factor is unity. So the output of XOR lies between 0 -1 for a certain value of power factor.
Fig. 4 (a,b & c). The square wave of voltage and current and their resultant after XOR operation. Figure 3(a) The sine wave of voltage and current. Figure 3(b) Showing the phase difference between voltage and current
Fig. 4 (a,b & c). The square wave of voltage and current and their resultant after XOR operation. Figure 3(a) The sine wave of voltage and current. Figure 3(b) Showing the phase difference between voltage and current
Figure 6: The internal circuitry of Smart Energy Meter.
Figure 6: The internal circuitry of Smart Energy Meter.
The accuracy of Smart Energy Meter is checked by comparing the readings that are displayed on the LCD of SEM and that are received by SMS. Smart Energy Meter is also checked by connecting and disconnecting the customer’s connection. We connected different loads 100W, 200W, and 1000W and checked its performance. Figure 5: Smart Energy Meter in working
The accuracy of Smart Energy Meter is checked by comparing the readings that are displayed on the LCD of SEM and that are received by SMS. Smart Energy Meter is also checked by connecting and disconnecting the customer’s connection. We connected different loads 100W, 200W, and 1000W and checked its performance. Figure 5: Smart Energy Meter in working

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