public health risk

This study reports the factors which led a gated community located in Bragança Paulista (SP, Brazil), a non-endemic area for Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), to be classified as a Risk Area for transmission of this disease, showing that an increasing resident population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in the area was likely responsible for a proliferation of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and acted as an amplifying host for Rickettsia rickettsii, the main etiologic agent of BSF. We report management actions proposed to control the local tick burden and reduce BSF risk, including measures to control parasitic and free-living tick populations and exclusion of the resident capybara population. Analyses of tick population data and R. rickettsii serology tests indicate that these measures were effective, greatly reducing the environmental burden of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and reducing the BSF transmission risk at the area.

In this study, assays were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of cactus Opuntia stricta cladodes as a coagulant for removal of cyanobacteria cells. To carry out the coagulation assays, water from eutrophic reservoir Bodocongo, in Brazilian semiarid, with cyanobacteria bloom of Microcystis aeroginosa, Plankthotrix isothrix and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were sampled. This water was submitted to coagulation with different forms of O. stricta cladodes (crude, pulverized and solution), concentration (10; 50 and 100 mg/L) and time (5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min). In order to assess cell removal, readings were made in aliquots of 5 mL of samples analyzed by triplicates counting on sedimentation chambers using an inverted optical microscope, according to the Utermohl method.  Dosage of 100 mg/L from the solution form of O. strica cladodes gave the best cell and turbidity removal. Colonial species were fast removed than filaments. The most removal occurred in the first 30 min of experim...

Since the implementation of the Mega-Reg, the agency has had mixed success with its new enforcement procedures. Although most establishments have chosen to work with FSIS to modify their procedures to allay any concerns the agency had, on a few occasions, no compromise was reached. In these cases, the establishment filed suit in federal district court challenging the agency\u27s authority to remove inspectors for failure to comply with the Mega-Reg. In the three cases where the agency\u27s authority was challenged, the establishment was successful and inspection was restored

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission has been demonstrated after consumption of products containing infected pig liver, human cases can be also associated with other pig meat products, such as sausages. Data on HEV viremia and dissemination in muscle meat of infected animals are still sparse, especially during long-term infection. Previously, we have shown that experimental co-infection of pigs with HEV and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) lengthens HEV infection up to 49 days and increases the likelihood of the presence of HEV RNA in the liver of the pig at a later stage of infection. In the present study, we show that during experimental HEV-PRRSV co-infection, prolonged HEV viremia, up to 49 days post-inoculation (dpi), is detected. The long-term viremia observed was statistically associated with the absence of HEV seroconversion. HEV RNA was also frequently detected, at a late stage of infection (49 dpi), in the three different types of muscle tested: femoral biceps, psoas major or diaphragm pillar. The HEV RNA load could reach up to 1 • 10 6 genome copies per gram of muscle. Detection of HEV in muscle meat was statistically associated with high HEV loads in corresponding liver and fecal samples. The presence of HEV in pig blood, femoral biceps and major psoas, corresponding to ham and tenderloin muscles respectively, is of concern for the food industry. Hence, these results indicate new potential risks for consumers and public health regarding pork products.

Remoção de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) como ação para controle da população de carrapatos Amblyomma e redução do risco de transmissão da Febre Maculosa Brasileira em um Condomínio Residencial em Bragança Paulista (SP, Brasil)-Estudo de Caso

Cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water supply affect its quality, which ultimately impacts ecosystem and public health. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to perform a preliminary study on cyanotoxins via analysis of samples collected only once from two sites during the month of peak algal bloom and to subsequently prompt a comprehensive risk assessment in a major drinking water source, Legedadi Reservoir, of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Samples were collected during peak algal bloom month (January 2018) from two sampling sites, near the dam (S1) and at the center of the reservoir (S2). Identification and enumeration of phytoplankton taxa were done and the measurement of common hepatotoxin (MCs and NOD) concentrations was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the reservoir, cyanobacteria made up to 98% of total phytoplankton abundance, with Dolichospermum and Microcystis spp, dominating the phytoplankton community. In these fir...

This presentation is about the way ATC handles an
aircraft which declared medical emergency .
• How to reach best practice ,by using ( ICAO SARPs
,checklists ) .
• How to reach acceptable level of safety . by
coordinating and communicating with other agencies ,
training ,exercising ,evaluation ,full scale exercise and
implementation of emergency plan ,developing
precautions ,audits , analysis.
• how to prevent the potential spread of communicable
disease.