linear dynamic analysis

The goal of this study is to investigate the behavior and failure mechanism of historical Irgandi Bridge located in Bursa City under earthquake loads by using linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis. Dynamic characteristics of the bridge is investigated by using in-situ Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) tests. The finite element model is updated according to the OMA tests. Three different artificial earthquake records from weak to very strong are applied to the model for understanding the damage zones and the failure mechanism of the historical bridge. The results show that the bridge does not reach the failure mechanism under weak earthquakes for nonlinear dynamic analysis. However, under strong earthquake even if damage zones are occurred and the stiffness of the bridge is decreased, there is no failure mechanism observed according to the nonlinear dynamic analyses. Under very strong earthquake loads the bridge reaches the failure mechanism according to the nonlinear dynamic analysis. As the earthquake level increases, the difference between linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis results increases due to structural damages. In addition, considering the soil-structure interactions, it is concluded that the dynamic characteristics could be reflected more accurately.

Résumé : Nous présentons dans cet article une étude théorique des paliers aérodynamiques relative aux performances statiques de ces paliers ainsi que l'influence de la déformation dynamique des feuilles sur les coefficients dynamiques. La méthode de perturbation d’ordre un est utilisée en vue de prendre en considération les déformations dynamiques des feuilles, et ceci dans le cas d’un mouvement harmonique de faible amplitude de l’arbre au voisinage de la position d’équilibre statique. Cette méthode transforme l’équation de Reynolds compressible transitoire en un système de trois EDP décrivant le comportement statique et dynamique du palier. La résolution de l'équation de Reynolds stationnaire qui est fortement non linéaire est effectuée par la méthode de substitution incrémentale alors que les équations dynamiques sont résolues à l’aide de la méthode des différences finies. Comme première approximation, le modèle d’Heshmat est utilisé pour le calcul des déformations statiqu...

A fault is charged during (hundred-) thousand years, then the accumulated elastic energy is released in few secondswhen an earthquake occurs. To correctly assess seismic hazard it is of capital importance to study the seismic history.Over the last decades approaches such as historical seismology, archaeoseismology and paleoseismology have beendevelopped chasing alternative sources of information. Among them, historical buildings witnessed ancient earthquakesas “stone seismometers” recorded in their walls as structural disorders and repairs. I develop an innovative methodologyconnecting building archaeology, seismology and earthquake engineering. I aim to show that archaeological characteri-zation of post-seismic repairs on historical buildings can successfully infer key ground motion characteristics of historicalearthquakes. The test case is the medieval church of Sant’Agata del Mugello, an exceptional site with many historicalsources describing the damages induced by past earthquak...

Dans cet article, l'étude thermoélastohydrodynamique pour l'analyse de palier elliptique (Deux-lobe) avec un lubrifiant newtonien aété présentée. Les déformations thermo-élastiques des parties solides sont prises en compte. Pour résoudre l'équation de Reynolds généralisée, l'équation de l'énergie et le champ de déplacement, respectivement, en utilisant deux techniques de simulations numériques Computational Fluid Dynamic "CFD" et Fluid Structure Interaction "FSI". L'influence des conditions de fonctionnement sur l'intensité des champs de pression, de la température déplacement et le stress estégalement analysée.

 In Anatolia, numerous bridges have been constructed throughout history for essential reasons. It is important to preserve the bridges and hand them down to the future generations as they have hints regarding the materials and construction techniques used in the past. Irgandi Bridge located on Gökdere in Bursa city, which is the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, has a special importance among bridges around the world. It is one of the few bridges around the world, which have had commercial activities with shops on it along with the purpose of transportation. This symbolic structure in terms of cultural, historical and constructional aspects is located in Bursa which includes 1st degree seismic hazard zone. Therefore, preservation of the bridge requires investigation of its seismic performance and taking necessary precautions. Irgandi Bridge was modeled by ANSYS software using finite element method (FEM). Convergence study was performed to determine the accurate number of elements...

Nous présentons dans cet article une étude théorique des paliers aérodynamiques relative aux performances statiques de ces paliers ainsi que l'influence de la déformation dynamique des feuilles sur les coefficients dynamiques. La méthode de perturbation d'ordre un est utilisée en vue de prendre en considération les déformations dynamiques des feuilles, et ceci dans le cas d'un mouvement harmonique de faible amplitude de l'arbre au voisinage de la position d'équilibre statique. Cette méthode transforme l'équation de Reynolds compressible transitoire en un système de trois EDP décrivant le comportement statique et dynamique du palier. La résolution de l'équation de Reynolds stationnaire qui est fortement non linéaire est effectuée par la méthode de substitution incrémentale alors que les équations dynamiques sont résolues à l'aide de la méthode des différences finies. Comme première approximation, le modèle d'Heshmat est utilisé pour le calcul des déformations statique et dynamique des feuilles. Une étude paramétrique nous a permis de constater la dépendance des coefficients dynamiques de la fréquence d'excitation relative. Les calculs ont montré que la déformation dynamique des feuilles a une influence non négligeable sur les coefficients dynamiques de ce type de palier, et particulièrement à des excentricités de fonctionnement élevées.

Résumé : Nous présentons dans cet article une étude théorique des paliers aérodynamiques relative aux performances statiques de ces paliers ainsi que l'influence de la déformation dynamique des feuilles sur les coefficients dynamiques. La méthode de perturbation d’ordre un est utilisée en vue de prendre en considération les déformations dynamiques des feuilles, et ceci dans le cas d’un mouvement harmonique de faible amplitude de l’arbre au voisinage de la position d’équilibre statique. Cette méthode transforme l’équation de Reynolds compressible transitoire en un système de trois EDP décrivant le comportement statique et dynamique du palier. La résolution de l'équation de Reynolds stationnaire qui est fortement non linéaire est effectuée par la méthode de substitution incrémentale alors que les équations dynamiques sont résolues à l’aide de la méthode des différences finies. Comme première approximation, le modèle d’Heshmat est utilisé pour le calcul des déformations statiqu...

Nous présentons dans cet article une étude théorique des paliers aérodynamiques relative aux performances statiques de ces paliers ainsi que l'influence de la déformation dynamique des feuilles sur les coefficients dynamiques. La méthode de perturbation d'ordre un est utilisée en vue de prendre en considération les déformations dynamiques des feuilles, et ceci dans le cas d'un mouvement harmonique de faible amplitude de l'arbre au voisinage de la position d'équilibre statique. Cette méthode transforme l'équation de Reynolds compressible transitoire en un système de trois EDP décrivant le comportement statique et dynamique du palier. La résolution de l'équation de Reynolds stationnaire qui est fortement non linéaire est effectuée par la méthode de substitution incrémentale alors que les équations dynamiques sont résolues à l'aide de la méthode des différences finies. Comme première approximation, le modèle d'Heshmat est utilisé pour le calcul des déformations statique et dynamique des feuilles. Une étude paramétrique nous a permis de constater la dépendance des coefficients dynamiques de la fréquence d'excitation relative. Les calculs ont montré que la déformation dynamique des feuilles a une influence non négligeable sur les coefficients dynamiques de ce type de palier, et particulièrement à des excentricités de fonctionnement élevées.

The modern reports and research showed that the buildings with more irregularity are less safe in facing earthquakes. This study aims to study the behavior of regular and irregular building in seismic matter. Three irregular shapes (L-Shaped, T-Shaped and C-Shaped) having two types of plan irregularity (accidental torsion and reentrant corner) were compared with rectangular regular one in three seismic hazards (Low, Moderate and High). ETABS v19 is used to model and analyze 12 different models with 15-story and 20-story RC frame structures using dynamic response spectrum method to obtain the maximum displacement, story drift, maximum drift and accidental torsion committing to ASCE7-10 code. The purpose of the study is to alleviate the seismic risk on the irregular structures and make our buildings safer, less cost and more Sustainable. at the end, we provide a table to guide the architectural engineers choosing the best building configuration based on the area seismicity and seismic hazard in order to match the purposes and the structural design in addition to provide some solutions to avoid structural design problems. The results were as follow: In the 15-story RCC frame structures with special moment resisting frame, the L-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in high seismic hazard areas, and the T-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in low and high seismic hazard areas. In the 20-story RCC structures with special moment resisting frame, the L-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in high seismic hazard areas, and the T-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in all seismic hazard areas. The comparison between the irregular shapes and regular one was predicted in L-Shaped and T-Shaped building which have worse seismic behavior than regular shape, but the comparison with C-Shaped was different, the C-Shaped gave a better behavior compared to the rectangular regular building.

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 In Anatolia, numerous bridges have been constructed throughout history for essential reasons. It is important to preserve the bridges and hand them down to the future generations as they have hints regarding the materials and construction techniques used in the past. Irgandi Bridge located on Gökdere in Bursa city, which is the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, has a special importance among bridges around the world. It is one of the few bridges around the world, which have had commercial activities with shops on it along with the purpose of transportation. This symbolic structure in terms of cultural, historical and constructional aspects is located in Bursa which includes 1st degree seismic hazard zone. Therefore, preservation of the bridge requires investigation of its seismic performance and taking necessary precautions. Irgandi Bridge was modeled by ANSYS software using finite element method (FEM). Convergence study was performed to determine the accurate number of elements...

The paper illustrates the application of the fast nonlinear SSI approach to reinforced concrete nuclear buildings. The fast nonlinear SSI approach is based on a hybrid approach that couples the global linearized SSI analysis solution in the complex frequency domain with a local nonlinear analysis solution in the time domain (Ghiocel, 2015). The hybrid approach uses an efficient iterative equivalentlinearization procedure that convergences in only 2-4 iterations for the design-level and 4-8 iterations for the beyond-design level. The nonlinear SSI approach was implemented in the ACS SASSI Option NON software (2016). The nonlinear SSI analysis based on the hybrid approach is only 2-3 times slower than a linear SSI analysis, and likely hundreds of times faster than a true nonlinear SSI analysis based on the time-integration that requires that a significant part of the surrounding soil media to be included in the FE model together with the structure.

 In Anatolia, numerous bridges have been constructed throughout history for essential reasons. It is important to preserve the bridges and hand them down to the future generations as they have hints regarding the materials and construction techniques used in the past. Irgandi Bridge located on Gökdere in Bursa city, which is the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, has a special importance among bridges around the world. It is one of the few bridges around the world, which have had commercial activities with shops on it along with the purpose of transportation. This symbolic structure in terms of cultural, historical and constructional aspects is located in Bursa which includes 1st degree seismic hazard zone. Therefore, preservation of the bridge requires investigation of its seismic performance and taking necessary precautions. Irgandi Bridge was modeled by ANSYS software using finite element method (FEM). Convergence study was performed to determine the accurate number of elements...

The modern reports and research showed that the buildings with more irregularity are less safe in facing earthquakes. This study aims to study the behavior of regular and irregular building in seismic matter. Three irregular shapes (L-Shaped, T-Shaped and C-Shaped) having two types of plan irregularity (accidental torsion and reentrant corner) were compared with rectangular regular one in three seismic hazards (Low, Moderate and High). ETABS v19 is used to model and analyze 12 different models with 15-story and 20-story RC frame structures using dynamic response spectrum method to obtain the maximum displacement, story drift, maximum drift and accidental torsion committing to ASCE7-10 code. The purpose of the study is to alleviate the seismic risk on the irregular structures and make our buildings safer, less cost and more Sustainable. at the end, we provide a table to guide the architectural engineers choosing the best building configuration based on the area seismicity and seismic hazard in order to match the purposes and the structural design in addition to provide some solutions to avoid structural design problems. The results were as follow: In the 15-story RCC frame structures with special moment resisting frame, the L-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in high seismic hazard areas, and the T-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in low and high seismic hazard areas. In the 20-story RCC structures with special moment resisting frame, the L-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in high seismic hazard areas, and the T-Shaped buildings are not safe to use in all seismic hazard areas. The comparison between the irregular shapes and regular one was predicted in L-Shaped and T-Shaped building which have worse seismic behavior than regular shape, but the comparison with C-Shaped was different, the C-Shaped gave a better behavior compared to the rectangular regular building.

Timber structures have gained interest for the construction of mid-rise buildings, but their seismic performance is still a matter under development. In this study, a numerical analysis of the seismic performance of light-frame timber buildings is developed through a highly detailed model using parallel computing tools. All of the lateral-load-resisting system components and connections are modeled. Combinations of lateral load capacity distributions in structures of one, three, and five stories are studied in order to assess the effects on the global performance of different triggered failure modes through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. The results suggest that shear bracket connections and sheathing-to-framing connections control the buildings’ responses, as well as the failure mode. For a ductile response, the lateral displacement must be dominated by the in-plane wall distortion (racking); therefore, the system must be provided with a story shear sliding stiffness and lo...

A fault is charged during (hundred-) thousand years, then the accumulated elastic energy is released in few secondswhen an earthquake occurs. To correctly assess seismic hazard it is of capital importance to study the seismic history.Over the last decades approaches such as historical seismology, archaeoseismology and paleoseismology have beendevelopped chasing alternative sources of information. Among them, historical buildings witnessed ancient earthquakesas “stone seismometers” recorded in their walls as structural disorders and repairs. I develop an innovative methodologyconnecting building archaeology, seismology and earthquake engineering. I aim to show that archaeological characteri-zation of post-seismic repairs on historical buildings can successfully infer key ground motion characteristics of historicalearthquakes. The test case is the medieval church of Sant’Agata del Mugello, an exceptional site with many historicalsources describing the damages induced by past earthquak...

Résumé : Nous présentons dans cet article une étude théorique des paliers aérodynamiques relative aux performances statiques de ces paliers ainsi que l'influence de la déformation dynamique des feuilles sur les coefficients dynamiques. La méthode de perturbation d’ordre un est utilisée en vue de prendre en considération les déformations dynamiques des feuilles, et ceci dans le cas d’un mouvement harmonique de faible amplitude de l’arbre au voisinage de la position d’équilibre statique. Cette méthode transforme l’équation de Reynolds compressible transitoire en un système de trois EDP décrivant le comportement statique et dynamique du palier. La résolution de l'équation de Reynolds stationnaire qui est fortement non linéaire est effectuée par la méthode de substitution incrémentale alors que les équations dynamiques sont résolues à l’aide de la méthode des différences finies. Comme première approximation, le modèle d’Heshmat est utilisé pour le calcul des déformations statiqu...

The design and construction of earthquake resistant structures can counter the aspect of the earthquake hazard with effective application of engineering knowledge. Most seismic design codes today include the nonlinear response of a structure implicitly through 'Response reduction factor'(R) by IS 1893 (Part I):2002.This factor allows a designer to use a linear elastic force-based design while accounting for non-linear behavior and deformation limits. Performance based seismic design method which is recent path of seismic assessment, both efficient and effective to avoid future earthquake losses. In this work, performance based seismic design of buildings by pushover analysis method in four different seismic zones II, III, IV and V studied. For analysis building models of G+12, G+16 and G+20 stories, plan rectangular shaped generated by a computer program SAP 2000(version 19).In this present work attempt is made to study and obtained Response Reduction Factor in different zones II, III, IV and V. Also different parameters like displacement, drift, pushover curves, performance point and plastic hinge mechanism studied.

The design and construction of earthquake resistant structures can counter the aspect of the earthquake hazard with effective application of engineering knowledge. Most seismic design codes today include the nonlinear response of a structure implicitly through 'Response reduction factor'(R) by IS 1893 (Part I):2002.This factor allows a designer to use a linear elastic force-based design while accounting for non-linear behavior and deformation limits. Performance based seismic design method which is recent path of seismic assessment, both efficient and effective to avoid future earthquake losses. In this work, performance based seismic design of buildings by pushover analysis method in four different seismic zones II, III, IV and V studied. For analysis building models of G+12, G+16 and G+20 stories, plan rectangular shaped generated by a computer program SAP 2000(version 19).In this present work attempt is made to study and obtained Response Reduction Factor in different zones II, III, IV and V. Also different parameters like displacement, drift, pushover curves, performance point and plastic hinge mechanism studied.

The design and construction of earthquake resistant structures can counter the aspect of the earthquake hazard with effective application of engineering knowledge. Most seismic design codes today include the nonlinear response of a structure implicitly through 'Response reduction factor'(R) by IS 1893 (Part I):2002.This factor allows a designer to use a linear elastic force-based design while accounting for non-linear behavior and deformation limits. Performance based seismic design method which is recent path of seismic assessment, both efficient and effective to avoid future earthquake losses. In this work, performance based seismic design of buildings by pushover analysis method in four different seismic zones II, III, IV and V studied. For analysis building models of G+12, G+16 and G+20 stories, plan rectangular shaped generated by a computer program SAP 2000(version 19).In this present work attempt is made to study and obtained Response Reduction Factor in different zones II, III, IV and V. Also different parameters like displacement, drift, pushover curves, performance point and plastic hinge mechanism studied.

In India, seismic study of Reinforced concrete structure couldn't be done because of lack of theoretical and practical studies in engineers and researchers. So, in this review paper we studied about the performance based analysis of reinforced concrete structure according to IS 1893:2002. We studied the RCC structure with constant cross-sectional area of column with different shape in horizontal direction using SAP 2000 software. The behaviour of RCC structure under the action of seismic effect, could suffer a considerable degree of freedom in the direction of Seismic load. The performance based (pushover analysis) study of RCC structure shows more accurate result against the lateral loading based on ATC-40 and FEMA-356 depends on ductility of steel confinement in column and non-linear performance of material to show plastic rotation of components of the structure.

 In Anatolia, numerous bridges have been constructed throughout history for essential reasons. It is important to preserve the bridges and hand them down to the future generations as they have hints regarding the materials and construction techniques used in the past. Irgandi Bridge located on Gökdere in Bursa city, which is the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, has a special importance among bridges around the world. It is one of the few bridges around the world, which have had commercial activities with shops on it along with the purpose of transportation. This symbolic structure in terms of cultural, historical and constructional aspects is located in Bursa which includes 1st degree seismic hazard zone. Therefore, preservation of the bridge requires investigation of its seismic performance and taking necessary precautions. Irgandi Bridge was modeled by ANSYS software using finite element method (FEM). Convergence study was performed to determine the accurate number of elements...

In Anatolia, numerous bridges have been constructed throughout history for essential reasons. It is important to preserve the bridges and hand them down to the future generations as they have hints regarding the materials and construction techniques used in the past. Irgandi Bridge located on Gökdere in Bursa city, which is the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, has a special importance among bridges around the world. It is one of the few bridges around the world, which have had commercial activities with shops on it along with the purpose of transportation. This symbolic structure in terms of cultural, historical and constructional aspects is located in Bursa which includes 1st degree seismic hazard zone. Therefore, preservation of the bridge requires investigation of its seismic performance and taking necessary precautions. Irgandi Bridge was modeled by ANSYS software using finite element method (FEM). Convergence study was performed to determine the accurate number of elements. Modal and linear dynamic analysis of the Irgandi Bridge was conducted after the number of elements were determined by the convergence study. Therefore, seven earthquake records were scaled and performed to the system according to EC-8 (Eurocode-8). Stress distributions and displacements were examined as a result of linear dynamic analysis. It was determined that the maximum displacement occurred at the top of the bridge and the principal stress occurred in the support regions. As a result of the analyses, it was proposed to strengthen the support parts of the bridge, which were determined to be damaged under earthquake impact.

ABSTRACT Structural engineer's greatest challenge in today's scenario is constructing seismic resistant structure. Uncertainties involved and behaviour studies are vital for all civil engineering structures. of method carrying various linear highly long Keyword: tall 1. Modern are and the structure safe against all external forces. When such irregular buildings are placed in a high seismic zone, the structural engineer's role becomes further challenging. So ideal and clear understanding of the behaviour of irregular structures during earthquake is significant for structures Increased seismic mass addition not imposed plan may be subjected to different earthquake movements simultaneously at the two ends, leading In tall buildings with large height to base ratio (Figure 1(b)) (slenderness ratio >4), the horizontal movement of the floors during ground shaking is large. For buildings with slenderness ratio less than 4, the movement is reasonable. The more slender a building, the worse the overturning effects of the earthquake. The axial column force due to overturning moment in such buildings tends to become unmanageably large. Also, the compressive and pull

Structural engineer's greatest challenge in today's scenario is constructing seismic resistant structure. Uncertainties involved and behaviour studies are vital for all civil engineering structures. To understand and find accurate result in provisions of drift, deflection and hinge of structure under seismic force, non Linear Static Analysis is commonly employed and this method of analysis is called Pushover Analysis. This method of analysis shows the base shear carrying capacity of a structure and performance level of each component of structure under various zones or different intensity of seismic force. The present study incorporates the non linear behaviour of irregular structures. Because of the constraints some of the structures are highly irregular as too long, and too tall. This study aims to identify the limitations of the too long and too tall structures using the software SAP 2000.

In the Middle East region and particularly in Palestine, municipal land parcels are generally scarce or the cost is enormous, therefore architects are frequently compelled to produce irregular architectural layouts dictated by the geometry of the available land parcels or by their topographic location. Furthermore, vertical irregularities are indispensible and form a ubiquitous design feature in order to meet client needs that normally revolve around the local market demand and thus able to face the severe competitive considerations in the real estate industry. Floor functionality invariably change with elevation; this appealing practice is vernacularly becoming the rule rather than the exception. Seismically resistant structures on the other hand are presently an obligatory requirement according to the local government bylaws because Palestine lies well within an active earthquake prone zone. The present study undertaking presents a structural design example that includes, inter al...

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Applied Technology Council (ATC), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), or the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Additionally, neither ATC, DHS, FEMA, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process included in this publication. Users of information from this publication assume all liability arising from such use. Cover photograph-One-story wood light-frame building (photo credit: Degenkolb Engineers).

The research presented in this paper investigates the influence of varying load-displacement shape on the computed FEMA P-695 seismic performance metrics including collapse margin ratio (CMR) for a subset of the wood-frame shear wall building designs that were developed for the FEMA P-695 wood-frame example. Variation of load-displacement shape is accomplished by modification of three key parameters in the familiar 10-parameter CASHEW model: peak strength, displacement at peak strength and post yield stiffness. These parameters are varied to gain insight into trends in seismic performance for wood shear walls exhibiting different load-displacement shape compared to baseline assumptions of the FEMA P-695 wood-frame example. Investigation is conducted without P-Delta to reproduce the baseline evaluation and also with P-Delta effects included. For the range of parameters variations evaluated, it is generally observed that improving the peak strength parameter and post yield stiffness parameter has a greater effect on improving the collapse performance, as measured by CMR, than does an increase in the displacement at the peak strength parameter.

For this study, three different shape buildings are considered which are both regular and irregular in plan. Three different storey conditions are applied to all the three buildings. A regular Rectangular shape, L shape and C shape buildings are studied having all 11 storey, 16 storey, 21 storey conditions. The Nonlinear static analysis is performed for all the models. The Seismic performance of Bare frame is compared with Infill frame, and for each shape models with different storey combination the effect change in number of bays with infill is studied. The Seismic performance of frame with soft storey is compared with frame having no soft storey conditions. The parameters studied are Storey Drifts, Time Period, Base Shear, Roof displacement, Performance points, and Hinge formation mechanism. From the study of all the thirty models it is found that the presence of Infill wall increases the load carrying capacity of the structure by 8 to 10 times than that of bare frame and the time period is decreased ranging from 188% to 325%.

— The design and construction of earthquake resistant structures can counter the aspect of the earthquake hazard with effective application of engineering knowledge. Most seismic design codes today include the nonlinear response of a structure implicitly through 'Response reduction factor'(R) by IS 1893 (Part I):2002.This factor allows a designer to use a linear elastic force-based design while accounting for non-linear behavior and deformation limits. Performance based seismic design method which is recent path of seismic assessment, both efficient and effective to avoid future earthquake losses. In this work, performance based seismic design of buildings by pushover analysis method in four different seismic zones II, III, IV and V studied. For analysis building models of G+12, G+16 and G+20 stories, plan rectangular shaped generated by a computer program SAP 2000(version 19).In this present work attempt is made to study and obtained Response Reduction Factor in different zones II, III, IV and V. Also different parameters like displacement, drift, pushover curves, performance point and plastic hinge mechanism studied.

The non linear static procedure has been coming in use and it is the future of designing for structural engineering profession and it is becoming popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of new and existing structure. As pushover analysis is an iterative process it is difficult to solve it by hand calculation and hence software is required, therefore it can be performed by many software like ETABS, SAP 2000. The present study is to be carried out to model the building regular and irregular in plan of different storey heights like G+4, G+14, G+29 to cover the broader spectrum of low, medium and high rise construction in medium stiff soil and to perform both linear dynamics (response spectrum) and non linear static (pushover) analysis for all the models and the results are compared for the same buildings located in the four seismic zones of India i.e. zone II, III, IV, V. The pushover analysis is carried out using the computer programs like ETABS and SAP2000 and their results are compared accordingly. The results of analysis are compared in terms of natural time period, base shear, storey displacement, and inter storey drift.

The study evaluates an alternative to traditional wood-framed shear wall construction, an innovative use of a water and seismic damage resistant, wood-concrete-composite ͑WCC͒. The WCC design consisted of a thin layer of engineered cementitious composite ͑ECC͒ cast in a traditional wood frame. Structural performance and damage sustained during lateral loading and cost were evaluated, and compared to a traditional wood frame with OSB sheathing. Monotonic tests of WCC walls show that the average maximum load was 47.5 kN ͑10,700 lb͒, average elastic shear stiffness was 1.78 kN/ mm ͑10,200 lb/ in.͒ and average energy absorbed was 4,810 J ͑42,600 lb-in.͒. Tests show WCC is comparable with or superior to the OSB wall in shear strength and stiffness, energy absorption and ductility. During lateral loading the WCC appeared to sustain less damage than the OSB wall. Panelized construction of the WCC may increase cost but yield benefits such as decreased construction time and greater durability. WCC appears to be a viable shear wall system that should be refined and tested for building code compliance.

The past earthquakes in which many reinforced concrete structures were severely damaged have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of buildings. In particular, the seismic rehabilitation of older concrete structures in high seismicity areas is a matter of growing concern and an acceptable level of safety must be established. To make such an assessment, simplified linear-elastic methods are not adequate. Thus here we carried out the project using non-linear elastic method called as Pushover analysis which helps to assess the damage vulnerability of buildings. Earthquakes are most devastating natural hazards in terms of life and property of any region. The behavior of the structure greatly depends on size, shape and geometry of that structure i.e, vertical and horizontal irregularities and path of load transferring to the supporting ground. Irregularity in building attracts forces which lead to stress concentration at the point of irregularity; subsequently it leads to localized failure of that structure. The present study focuses on seismic performance of irregular RC models having irregularities i.e. plan re-entrant corner irregularity. For this purpose ETABS a finite element software has been used. Here 3-D RC models are modeled and analyzed for seismic zones IV and V. Roof displacement; Base shear carried; performance points; number of hinges formed are the parameters used to quantify the performance of the structure.