bowel movement

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of postoperative acupressure in the recovery of the gastrointestinal system (GIS) after caesarean section. A total of 160 primipara pregnant women delivered by caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into four groups: group 1 (those who received acupressure), group 2 (coffee was provided three times a day), group 3 (chewed sugar-free gum for 15 min with an interval of 4 h from the second postoperative hour), and group 4 (control group). The first gas outflow and defaecation times of the women were compared among the groups. The first flatus and defaecation exit times of the women in the acupressure group were statistically earlier than those of the other groups. No difference was found among the gum-chewing, coffee, and control groups. Acupressure is effective in reducing the flatus and defaecation exit times due to GIS inactivity after abdominal surgery including caesarean section. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known about the topic. The slowing of gastrointestinal system (GIS) motility also occurs after caesarean section aside from other surgical operations. If normal GIS movements do not occur, then several problems, such as the negative increase in the duration of breastfeeding and the mother-baby attachment during the postpartum period, may arise. Therefore, the early onset of bowel functions is important in women who give birth by caesarean section. What do the results of this study add. In the postoperative period, spontaneous GIS motility can be achieved by applying acupressure. The effective use of acupressure in the postoperative period prevents the need for pharmacological methods to eliminate the discomfort caused by the decreased motility of the GIS in women in the postpartum period. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and further research. Acupressure, a non-invasive, easy-to-use, and cost-effective method, plays a role in preventing GIS immotility. Midwives or obstetricians should receive training on acupuncture or acupressure and should ensure that acupuncture or acupressure practices are converted into a protocol to be implemented in the postoperative period. With this transformation, the treatment methods to increase GIS motility and the reduced medication use can decrease the mother's and the newborn's duration of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalisation.

Background. Iron suplement programs, as an approach to overcoming anemia, indicate positive impact although many studies have also noted varying levels of success or even a failure. The known and commonly acknowledged side effect of iron supplements, such as constipation, causes a tendency for patients to stop consuming these supplements. Aim: To examine hemoglobin level and bowel movement differences resulting from an iron suplement program of the government program as well as consumption of the date fruits, and two common products freely available to the Indonesian consumers. Method. This study is a pilot randomized controlled trial with four groups consist of three treatment groups and one control group. Respondents were anemia adolescent girls with inclusive but not exclusive criteria. 40 respondents were selected using random permutated blocks. Intervention was done for 30 days with weekly assessments. Data analysis used Friedman Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Multiple Linear Regression test. Results. There is a significant hemoglobin difference before and after intervention on the four groups. The differences seen in week 1, 2, 3, then tends to decline. Strong, significant correlation is found in treatment with hemoglobin and defecation duration (week 4) and bowel problems (week 2, 3, 4); feeding frequency and menstruation with hemoglobin (week 1); feeding frequency and defecation duration (week 2); water intake and defecation duration (week 4). Multiple linear regression analysis results in regression equation and participants' prediction towards dependent variables. There is a positive, significant relationship between treatment (week 2, 3) and bowel problems, water intake (week 4) and defecation duration. Conclusion. Dates can be used instead of iron tablets and 7dates can be used as a companion iron tablets.

Background. Iron suplement programs, as an approach to overcoming anemia, indicate positive impact although many studies have also noted varying levels of success or even a failure. The known and commonly acknowledged side effect of iron supplements, such as constipation, causes a tendency for patients to stop consuming these supplements. Aim: To examine hemoglobin level and bowel movement differences resulting from an iron suplement program of the government program as well as consumption of the date fruits, and two common products freely available to the Indonesian consumers. Method. This study is a pilot randomized controlled trial with four groups consist of three treatment groups and one control group. Respondents were anemia adolescent girls with inclusive but not exclusive criteria. 40 respondents were selected using random permutated blocks. Intervention was done for 30 days with weekly assessments. Data analysis used Friedman Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Multiple Linear Regression test. Results. There is a significant hemoglobin difference before and after intervention on the four groups. The differences seen in week 1, 2, 3, then tends to decline. Strong, significant correlation is found in treatment with hemoglobin and defecation duration (week 4) and bowel problems (week 2, 3, 4); feeding frequency and menstruation with hemoglobin (week 1); feeding frequency and defecation duration (week 2); water intake and defecation duration (week 4). Multiple linear regression analysis results in regression equation and participants' prediction towards dependent variables. There is a positive, significant relationship between treatment (week 2, 3) and bowel problems, water intake (week 4) and defecation duration. Conclusion. Dates can be used instead of iron tablets and 7dates can be used as a companion iron tablets.

Constipation marked by feces hard one, dry, and difficult issued. About 73.9% pregnant women experience constipation. Increase in the hormone progesterone for pregnant women resulted in drop motility gastrointestinal tract. Constipation affects psychology and causes swelling of the rectum area.To determine the relationship between the level of fiber adequacy, to consumption of Fe tablets and depression and to see the combined risk factors for depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women. Design this research is observational analytics with Cross Sectional design. The sample of pregnant women is 55 people with purposive sampling data collection technique. Taking data done with use questionnaire. Statistic test used the chi-square test. 58.2% of pregnant women experienced constipation; 92.7% insufficient fiber sufficiency level; 40.0% adhered to consuming Fe tablets; 55.4% experienced depression; 23.6% of depression was adh...

Constipation marked by feces hard one, dry, and difficult issued. About 73.9% pregnant women experience constipation. Increase in the hormone progesterone for pregnant women resulted in drop motility gastrointestinal tract. Constipation affects psychology and causes swelling of the rectum area.To determine the relationship between the level of fiber adequacy, to consumption of Fe tablets and depression and to see the combined risk factors for depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women. Design this research is observational analytics with Cross Sectional design. The sample of pregnant women is 55 people with purposive sampling data collection technique. Taking data done with use questionnaire. Statistic test used the chi-square test. 58.2% of pregnant women experienced constipation; 92.7% insufficient fiber sufficiency level; 40.0% adhered to consuming Fe tablets; 55.4% experienced depression; 23.6% of depression was adh...

Constipation marked by feces hard one, dry, and difficult issued. About 73.9% pregnant women experience constipation. Increase in the hormone progesterone for pregnant women resulted in drop motility gastrointestinal tract. Constipation affects psychology and causes swelling of the rectum area.To determine the relationship between the level of fiber adequacy, to consumption of Fe tablets and depression and to see the combined risk factors for depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women. Design this research is observational analytics with Cross Sectional design. The sample of pregnant women is 55 people with purposive sampling data collection technique. Taking data done with use questionnaire. Statistic test used the chi-square test. 58.2% of pregnant women experienced constipation; 92.7% insufficient fiber sufficiency level; 40.0% adhered to consuming Fe tablets; 55.4% experienced depression; 23.6% of depression was adh...

Constipation marked by feces hard one, dry, and difficult issued. About 73.9% pregnant women experience constipation. Increase in the hormone progesterone for pregnant women resulted in drop motility gastrointestinal tract. Constipation affects psychology and causes swelling of the rectum area.To determine the relationship between the level of fiber adequacy, to consumption of Fe tablets and depression and to see the combined risk factors for depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women. Design this research is observational analytics with Cross Sectional design. The sample of pregnant women is 55 people with purposive sampling data collection technique. Taking data done with use questionnaire. Statistic test used the chi-square test. 58.2% of pregnant women experienced constipation; 92.7% insufficient fiber sufficiency level; 40.0% adhered to consuming Fe tablets; 55.4% experienced depression; 23.6% of depression was adh...

Background. Iron suplement programs, as an approach to overcoming anemia, indicate positive impact although many studies have also noted varying levels of success or even a failure. The known and commonly acknowledged side effect of iron supplements, such as constipation, causes a tendency for patients to stop consuming these supplements. Aim: To examine hemoglobin level and bowel movement differences resulting from an iron suplement program of the government program as well as consumption of the date fruits, and two common products freely available to the Indonesian consumers. Method. This study is a pilot randomized controlled trial with four groups consist of three treatment groups and one control group. Respondents were anemia adolescent girls with inclusive but not exclusive criteria. 40 respondents were selected using random permutated blocks. Intervention was done for 30 days with weekly assessments. Data analysis used Friedman Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Multiple Linear Regression test. Results. There is a significant hemoglobin difference before and after intervention on the four groups. The differences seen in week 1, 2, 3, then tends to decline. Strong, significant correlation is found in treatment with hemoglobin and defecation duration (week 4) and bowel problems (week 2, 3, 4); feeding frequency and menstruation with hemoglobin (week 1); feeding frequency and defecation duration (week 2); water intake and defecation duration (week 4). Multiple linear regression analysis results in regression equation and participants' prediction towards dependent variables. There is a positive, significant relationship between treatment (week 2, 3) and bowel problems, water intake (week 4) and defecation duration. Conclusion. Dates can be used instead of iron tablets and 7dates can be used as a companion iron tablets.

Background. Iron suplement programs, as an approach to overcoming anemia, indicate positive impact although many studies have also noted varying levels of success or even a failure. The known and commonly acknowledged side effect of iron supplements, such as constipation, causes a tendency for patients to stop consuming these supplements. Aim: To examine hemoglobin level and bowel movement differences resulting from an iron suplement program of the government program as well as consumption of the date fruits, and two common products freely available to the Indonesian consumers. Method. This study is a pilot randomized controlled trial with four groups consist of three treatment groups and one control group. Respondents were anemia adolescent girls with inclusive but not exclusive criteria. 40 respondents were selected using random permutated blocks. Intervention was done for 30 days with weekly assessments. Data analysis used Friedman Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Multiple Linear R...

Constipation marked by feces hard one, dry, and difficult issued. About 73.9% pregnant women experience constipation. Increase in the hormone progesterone for pregnant women resulted in drop motility gastrointestinal tract. Constipation affects psychology and causes swelling of the rectum area.To determine the relationship between the level of fiber adequacy, to consumption of Fe tablets and depression and to see the combined risk factors for depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women. Design this research is observational analytics with Cross Sectional design. The sample of pregnant women is 55 people with purposive sampling data collection technique. Taking data done with use questionnaire. Statistic test used the chi-square test. 58.2% of pregnant women experienced constipation; 92.7% insufficient fiber sufficiency level; 40.0% adhered to consuming Fe tablets; 55.4% experienced depression; 23.6% of depression was adh...

Lower Hb level in anemia is one of the health problems that sometimes occur in adolescent girls compared to males characterized by menstruation cycle and miscocundcut of eating behaviors. Reduction of learing concentration a nd reduction of health and reduction of growth and body weight. The long effect of maternal death, lower body weight of newborn with lower body weight. This present study assesses the effectiveness of supplementation of iron, vitamin C and vitamin A for adolescent girls attending Senior High Schools in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Sampling technique used stratified sampling method. In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia is signidcantly high that achieve 57.1%. This study aims to increase Hb levels of anemic adolescent girls using the treatment of Fe, vitamin C and vitamin A. The type of the study was experimental using randomized experimental control. The total samples were 140 respondents and samples were divided into three groups. Data were analyzed usingt-test and Anova. Results of the study revealed that the treatment of Fe and vitamin A had higher mean Hb level compared to two other treatment groups.

Lower Hb level in anemia is one of the health problems that sometimes occur in adolescent girls compared to males characterized by menstruation cycle and miscocundcut of eating behaviors. Reduction of learing concentration a nd reduction of health and reduction of growth and body weight. The long effect of maternal death, lower body weight of newborn with lower body weight. This present study assesses the effectiveness of supplementation of iron, vitamin C and vitamin A for adolescent girls attending Senior High Schools in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Sampling technique used stratified sampling method. In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia is signidcantly high that achieve 57.1%. This study aims to increase Hb levels of anemic adolescent girls using the treatment of Fe, vitamin C and vitamin A. The type of the study was experimental using randomized experimental control. The total samples were 140 respondents and samples were divided into three groups. Data were analyzed using...

Background: Constipation and other symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal swelling, are common among healthy individuals and have a significant impact on quality of life. Despite the known contribution of gut microbiomes to this pathology, little is known regarding which groups of microorganisms play a key role. Yeasts have been used for fermenting foods since ancient times. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast used for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes in the genetic and medical fields because it is unicellular with a simple biological structure. Yeast also helps improve the intestinal environment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of foods containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on bowel movement and to validate the safety of its long-term usage. Stool frequency and consistency were also assessed.
Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. The test food contained S. cerevisiae NK-1 powder (1 × 1010 cells), whereas the placebo did not contain it. The food was made into sticks and provided to healthy individuals with infrequent bowel movements (3–5 movements a week), three times a day for 12 weeks. Then we investigated the changes in stool frequency, volume, and other adverse events.
Results: The number of days with bowel movement significantly increased in the test group compared with the placebo group after 8–12 weeks of consuming the test food (p < 0.05). Based on the blood test results, there were no adverse events associated with the consumption of the test food observed.
Conclusions: Consumption of the test food regulated intestinal function by promoting defecation in healthy individuals prone to constipation. Thus, S. cerevisiae NK-1 helps facilitate smoother defecation.

Background. Iron suplement programs, as an approach to overcoming anemia, indicate positive impact although many studies have also noted varying levels of success or even a failure. The known and commonly acknowledged side effect of iron supplements, such as constipation, causes a tendency for patients to stop consuming these supplements. Aim: To examine hemoglobin level and bowel movement differences resulting from an iron suplement program of the government program as well as consumption of the date fruits, and two common products freely available to the Indonesian consumers. Method. This study is a pilot randomized controlled trial with four groups consist of three treatment groups and one control group. Respondents were anemia adolescent girls with inclusive but not exclusive criteria. 40 respondents were selected using random permutated blocks. Intervention was done for 30 days with weekly assessments. Data analysis used Friedman Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Multiple Linear Regression test. Results. There is a significant hemoglobin difference before and after intervention on the four groups. The differences seen in week 1, 2, 3, then tends to decline. Strong, significant correlation is found in treatment with hemoglobin and defecation duration (week 4) and bowel problems (week 2, 3, 4); feeding frequency and menstruation with hemoglobin (week 1); feeding frequency and defecation duration (week 2); water intake and defecation duration (week 4). Multiple linear regression analysis results in regression equation and participants' prediction towards dependent variables. There is a positive, significant relationship between treatment (week 2, 3) and bowel problems, water intake (week 4) and defecation duration. Conclusion. Dates can be used instead of iron tablets and 7dates can be used as a companion iron tablets.

Background: Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranu) is a type of edible seaweed of the family Chordariaceae that typically contains the polysaccharide fucoidan as a functional ingredient. In Okinawa, raw mozuku is eaten as vinegared mozuku together with vinegar or as tempura (deep-fried in batter). Polysaccharides such as fucoidan are generally known to regulate intestinal function, which is why we have used Okinawa mozuku to investigate this intestinal regulatory effect.

Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. Dried Okinawa mozuku powder at a dose of 2.4 g/day (1.0 g/day of fucoidan) and a placebo not containing any dried Okinawa mozuku powder were each made into capsules and given to healthy men and women with infrequent weekly bowel movements (2–4 movements a week) to ingest for eight weeks. We then investigated changes in the defecation situation, blood tests, and adverse events.

Results: In the group that ingested the capsules containing dried Okinawa mozuku powder, the number of days with a bowel movement significantly increased compared with the placebo group after four weeks of ingestion (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after eight weeks of ingestion, the same increasing trend was seen compared with the placebo group (p = 0.0964). The volume of stool also increased significantly in the dried Okinawa mozuku powder group after eight weeks compared with the placebo group. In terms of blood tests and adverse events, no adverse events occurred that were the result of the test food.

Conclusions: Ingestion of Okinawa mozuku was found to have a regulatory effect on intestinal function by promoting defecation in healthy individuals with a tendency for constipation. This demonstrated that Okinawa mozuku is a functional food capable of making defecation smoother and increasing the volume of stool.