Zinc acetate

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive defect of cellular copper export. Early diagnosis in children is difficult due to its obscure clinical presentations. The efficacy of zinc salts is well documented, although there are limited data concerning zinc use in pediatric patients with WD. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical features, laboratory results and treatment responses in children with WD diagnosed at Taichung Veterans General Hospital between 1996 and 2008. Diagnosis was established by low serum ceruloplasmin, high 24-hour urinary copper excretion, presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings, and mutation analysis. Eleven children were included in this study. The main initial presentations were impaired liver function tests (6/11) and hemolytic anemia (2/11). Gene studies in seven children showed six different mutations (G934D, R778Q, C490X, 304insC, IVS4-1 G > C, P992I) and one possible novel mutation (L1181P). All patients had improved liver function test...

RF magnetron sputtering was used to grow silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) thin film on GaAs substrate to form metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. Complex dielectric permittivity (e*), complex electric modulus (M*) and complex electrical conductivity (r*) of the prepared Au/Si 3 N 4 /p-GaAs (MOS) capacitor were studied in detail. These parameters were calculated using admittance measurements performed in the range of 150 K-350 K and 50 kHz-1 MHz. It is found that the dielectric constant (e 0 ) and dielectric loss (e 00 ) value decrease with increasing frequency. However, as the temperature increases, the e 0 and e 00 increased. Ac conductivity (r ac ) was increased with increasing both temperature and frequency. The activation energy (E a ) was determined by Arrhenius equation. Besides, the frequency dependence of r ac was analyzed by Jonscher's universal power law (r ac = Ax s ). Thus, the value of the frequency exponent (s) were determined.

The anti-VSC (volatile sulphur compounds) effect of zinc is known to be associated with free zinc ions. Objective: To examine whether zinc salts with low stability constants were more suitable as sources of zinc in zinc lozenges than zinc salts with high stability constants. The former provide free zinc ions upon dissolution in water, whereas the latter provide few such ions. Design and participants: Identical lozenges were produced which contained either zinc acetate, zinc gluconate (low stability constants) , zinc citrate or amino-acid chelated zinc (extremely high stability constants). All the lozenges contained 0.1 per cent of zinc. A test panel of 10 volunteers used the different lozenges randomly. VSC were measured by GC. Results and Conclusion: The lozenge with the highest stability constant was as effective as those with very low stability constants. The anti-VSC effect was thus not related to th is constant. These findings may be explained by the possibility that alternative ligands with stronger affinity for zinc than the original ligands in the lozenges may be present in the oral cavity. An in vitro experiment indicated that the sulphide ion (S 2 -) may be such a ligand.

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) produced in the oral cavity, are a major cause of oral malodour. Zinc (Zn) ions inhibit VSC formation. The objective of this study was to examine whether Zn salts with low stability constants were more suitable as sources of Zn in lozenges than salts with high stability constants. The former provide free Zn ions upon dissolution in water, whereas the latter provide almost no free Zn. Identical lozenges containing Zn-acetate and -gluconate, which have low stability constants, and Zn citrate and amino acidchelated Zn, which have extremely high stability constants, were tested. All the lozenges contained 0.9% w/w Zn. Ten volunteers sucked the lozenges until dissolved, and oral VSC were measured by gas chromatography. Zn-acetate, -gluconate and -chelate had an impressive anti-VSC effect even 3 h after the lozenges were taken. Zn citrate had signi®cantly less effect than the other lozenges except Zn acetate after 2 and 3 h. It was concluded that the anti-VSC effect was not related to the stability constants of the Zn compounds tested. Alternative ligands, with stronger af®nity for Zn than the ligands in the lozenges, must be present in the oral cavity to explain these results. It is suggested that the sulphide ion may serve this function.

The effects of dietary zinc on zinc absorption and excretion were evaluated with six 12-week-old beagles. The dogs were fed a commercial dry food later supplemented with 2 and 4 mg/kg of body weight per day of either zinc sulphate, zinc acetate or zinc oxide. The concentrations of zinc in the urine and faeces of all treatment groups were increased depending on the type of zinc salts and the dosage in the diet (P < 0.05). The apparent absorption of zinc salts ranged from 0.20 to 0.36. The zinc salt supplements at both dosages did not affect the digestibility of crude protein, fat and fibre. The zinc concentration in plasma varied with the type of zinc salt and with the dosage. The mean concentrations ranged from 61 ± 1.46 µg to 73 ± 1.57 µg/dl in the unsupplemented groups, whereas it was 115 ± 2.33 µg/dl in the group supplemented with zinc acetate at the highest dosage.

Objective—To determine whether feeding activated charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and zinc acetate would ameliorate the frequency and odor characteristics of flatulence in dogs. Design—In vitro screening of active agents followed by a randomized controlled trial. Animals—8 adult dogs. Procedure—A fecal fermentation system was used to assess the effects of activated charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and zinc acetate alone and in combination on total gas production and production of hydrogen sulfide, the primary determinant of flatus malodor in dogs. All 3 agents were subsequently incorporated into edible treats that were fed 30 minutes after the dogs ate their daily rations, and the number, frequency, and odor characteristics of flatulence were measured for 5 hours, using a device that sampled rectal gases and monitored hydrogen sulfide concentrations. Results—Total gas production and number and frequency of flatulence episodes were unaffected by any of the agents. Production of hydrogen sulfid...

The interaction of zinc(II) on the toxicokinetics of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), the ultimate toxic metabolite of n-hexane, was performed by quantifying the changes of two urinary biomarkers, free 2,5-HD and pyrrole derivatives, in rats exposed to 2,5-HD and to 2,5-HD plus zinc acetate. Eight groups of Wistar rats were exposed for 4 days (dietary and intraperitoneally) to 2,5-HD, zinc acetate and 2,5-HD plus zinc acetate and the 24 h urine was used to determine the excretion of these biomarkers. On comparing the results obtained by the two routes of exposure with different doses of 2,5-HD and zinc acetate, it was observed that there was a significant decrease (P B 0.05) in the excretion of free 2,5-HD and pyrroles derivatives in rats exposed to the chemical mixture, when compared with the excretion of these biomarkers in rats exposed to 2,5-HD alone. To evaluate the mechanism of this interaction, further experiments were performed using one group of rat dietary pre-exposed to zinc acetate followed by 2,5-HD exposure. The results of our experiment suggest that zinc protect proteins of pyrrolization by coordination to amino groups, with the subsequent inhibition of protein cross-linking responsible by 2,5-HD neurotoxicity.

Algae grown in wastewater treatment lagoons are a potentially important substrate for biofuel production. The feasibility of using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in anaerobic digestion of algae to produce methane was investigated. A favorable carbon to nitrogen (C/N) weight ratio of 21/1 was determined in batch reactor experiments where the ratio was adjusted by blending algal biomass with sodium acetate as a carbon source. This blend of algae and acetate was used in the feed stock applied to the UASB reactors. Duplicate, 34 L, UASB reactors initially received an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.9 g COD/L.d at a 7.2 day hydraulic retention time (HRT). The OLR was gradually increased to 5.4 g/L.d and the HRT was decreased to 5.5 days resulting in a methane production increase from 247 to 298 mL/g COD biodegraded. COD removal efficiency was 80% with a biogas methane composition of 90%.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous units presenting as inflammatory or noninflammatory lesions in individuals of all ages. The current standard of treatment includes topical formulations in the forms of washes, gels, lotions, and creams such as antibiotics, antibacterial agents, retinoids, and comedolytics. Additionally, systemic treatments are available for more severe or resistant forms of acne. Nevertheless, these treatments have shown to induce a wide array of adverse effects, including dryness, peeling, erythema, and even fetal defects and embolic events. Zinc is a promising alternative to other acne treatments owing to its low cost, efficacy, and lack of systemic side effects. In this literature review, we evaluate the effectiveness and side-effect profiles of various formulations of zinc used to treat acne.

Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Growth hormone versus control, Outcome 1 Oral glucose tolerance test sum (mg/dL).. Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Growth hormone versus control, Outcome 2 Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL).. .. . Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Growth hormone versus control, Outcome 3 Height SD score.. .. .. .. .. Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Growth hormone versus control, Outcome 4 Change from baseline in height SD score.. Analysis 1.5. Comparison 1 Growth hormone versus control, Outcome 5 Height velocity (cm/year

Novel trinuclear zinc(II) complexes [Zn 3 L 2 (OAc) 2 ] (L) salamo, 3-MeOsalamo) were synthesized, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Ligation of methoxy groups in the salamo ligand causes a significantly different coordination mode of the central zinc atom in the trinuclear system. The complexes between the salamo ligands and zinc(II) in methanol formed exclusively and very cooperatively. In contrast to other imine ligands, the mononuclear [ZnL] and other complexes are not observed at all.

Transformations of the layered zinc phosphates of the compositions [C 6 N 4 H 22 ] 0.5 [Zn 2 (HPO 4) 3 ], I, [C 3 N 2 H 12 ][Zn 2 (HPO 4) 3 ], II and [C 3 N 2 OH 12 ][Zn 2 (HPO 4) 3 ], III, containing triethylenetetramine, 1,3-diaminopropane, and 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane, respectively, have been investigated under different conditions. On heating in water, I transforms to a one-dimensional (1-D) ladder and a three-dimensional (3-D) structure, while II gives rise to only a two-dimensional (2-D) layered structure. In the transformation reaction of I with zinc acetate, the same ladder and 3-D structures are obtained along with a tubular layer. Under similar conditions II gives a layered structure formed by the joining of two ladder motifs. III, on the other hand, is essentially unreactive when heated with water and zinc acetate, probably because the presence of the hydroxy group in the amine which hydrogen bonds to the framework. In the presence of piperazine, I, II and III give rise to a four-membered, corner-shared linear chain which is likely to be formed via the ladder structure. In addition, 2-D and 3-D structures derived from the 1-D linear chain or ladder structures are also formed. The primary result from the study is that the layers produce 1-D ladders, which then undergo other transformations. It is noteworthy that in the various transformations carried out, most of the products are single-crystalline.

Open-framework zinc phosphates with one-dimensional ladder structures are shown to transform, under simple reaction conditions, to two-and three-dimensional structures. Thus, the one-dimensional ladder, [C 6 N 4 H 22 ] 0.5 [Zn(HPO 4 ) 2 ], I, on heating with piperazine in aqueous solution gives a layer phosphate, [C 4 N 2 H 12 ][Zn 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ], III, and the three-dimensional phosphates [C 2 N 2 H 10 ] 0.5 [Zn(PO 4 )], IV, [C 6 N 4 H 22 ] 0.5 [Zn 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ], V and [C 6 N 4 H 21 ] 4 [Zn 21 (PO 4 ) 18 ], VI. On heating in water in the absence of any amine, I transforms to a three-dimensional solid, [C 6 N 4 H 22 ] 0.5 [Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (HPO 4 )], VII, with 16-membered channels. Of these, III and IV are the only new compounds. The phosphates formed by the transformations of I exhibit unique structural features. Thus, in III, the layers are formed only with 3-and 4-membered rings and have step-like features due to the presence of infinite Zn-O-Zn linkages. Compound IV has a structure similar to that of the naturally occurring aluminosilicate, gismondine, and VI possesses unusual Zn 7 O 6 clusters. The ladder zinc phosphate, [C 3 N 2 H 12 ][Zn(HPO 4 ) 2 ], II, transforms to two layered compounds, [C 3 N 2 H 12 ][Zn 4 (PO 4 ) 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 ], VIII, and [C 3 N 2 H 12 ][Zn 2 (HPO 4 ) 3 ], IX, on heating with zinc acetate and water, respectively. II, on heating in water in the presence of other amines, forms a ladder, [C 3 N 2 H 5 ][Zn(HPO 4 )], X, and a three-dimensional phosphate, [C 3 N 2 H 12 ] 2 [Zn 5 (H 2 O)(PO 4 ) 4 (HPO 4 )], XI. The syntheses and structures of VIII-XI have already been reported. What is interesting is that the majority of the transformations seem to occur through the process of deprotonation of the phosphoryl group and elimination of the -HPO 4 unit. The transformations of the ladder phosphates to higher dimensional structures reported in the present study not only demonstrate the seminal role of the one-dimensional structures as basic building units, but also the likely occurrence of self-assembly of these one-dimensional units in the building-up process. The one-dimensional zinc phosphates, [C 6 N 4 H 22 ] 0.5 -[Zn(HPO 4 ) 2 ], I, and [C 3 N 2 H 12 ][Zn(HPO 4 ) 2 ], II, were prepared {Part 1~reference 9b.

The use of microspheres and nanospheres of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) as a controlled-release drug delivery system has been the subject of great interest for at least two decades within the field of pharmaceuticals. Salts of zinc and other divalent cations are sometimes co-encapsulated in PLG particles to control the pH or to stabilize encapsulated proteins or peptides. Zinc salts are known to affect pore formation and other processes that may lead to the release of an encapsulated drug. In this study the effect of encapsulated zinc acetate on protein diffusion through PLG films was investigated. PLG films, with and without encapsulated zinc acetate, were degraded in Hepes buffer for different periods of time. The films were subsequently subjected to various kinds of analyses: diffusion properties (using a diffusion cell), porosity (using scanning electron microscopy) and thickness (using light microscopy and an image-analysis program). Encapsulated zinc acetate had a considerable effect and increased the diffusion coefficient of lysozyme through PLG films degraded for 18 days or longer. Films containing zinc acetate became porous, while those without zinc acetate only developed cavities on the surface. Zinc salts may thus be used as release-modifying agents. This effect should be considered when using zinc salts as protein stabilizers or pH neutralizers.

In this work, synthesis, morpho-structural characterization, optical and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles have been reported. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature via green route using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-Visible spectroscopy to ascertain its formation. Morphology study indicates spherical nature of the nanoparticles and the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by EDX. XRD analysis showed crystalline nature of the ZnO with wurtzite structure having average crystallite size of 60 nm which was also corroborated by SEM and TEM analyses. Furthermore, the estimated band gap was 3.8 eV as determined by UV-Visible spectral analysis. Antibacterial efficacy of the prepared nano particles against the pathogenic bacteria E. coli reveals that the ZnO nanoparticles have considerably higher antibacterial potential and is possibly due to a combination of events. Besides, the outcomes of the synthesis certainly contribute to the developing a better understanding of simple, low-cost, green and nontoxic synthesis method and growing the knowledge base needed to design a suitable antibacterial materials and framework for advanced and wise applications.

BMS-686117 is an 11-mer GLP-1 receptor agonist with a short intrinsic pharmacokinetic half-life (t 1/2) of ∼2 h. In order to develop an extended release formulation for once-daily (QD) subcutaneous administration, a non-covalently bonded Zn/BMS-686117 adduct with very low aqueous solubility was prepared through mixing zinc acetate and BMS-686117 solutions, followed by filtration or spray drying. At pH 6.8, free BMS-686117 concentration decreased continuously with the increase of Zn:BMS-686117 ratio. Furthermore, free BMS-686117 concentration increases in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating the reversibility of the zinc-peptide association. As solids, the glass transition temperature of Zn/BMS-686117 adduct increases with the increase of Zn:BMS-686117 ratio. A Zn/BMS-686117 adduct suspension, with a molar ratio of zinc:BMS-686117 of 3:1, was dosed subcutaneously to dogs along with two other solution formulations. The Zn/BMS-686117 adduct showed a prolonged BMS-686117 terminal t 1/2 of 8.5 h, a mean residence time (MRT) of 16 h, and a C max value 6-8 times lower than the solution formulations. Additionally, the Zn/BMS-686117 was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. The Zn/BMS-686117 microspheres showed an almost zero-order release profile in vitro for at least 18 days, with minimal initial burst, indicating the potential of using this approach for long-term sustained release.

BMS-686117 is an 11-mer GLP-1 receptor agonist with a short intrinsic pharmacokinetic half-life (t 1/2) of ∼2 h. In order to develop an extended release formulation for once-daily (QD) subcutaneous administration, a non-covalently bonded Zn/BMS-686117 adduct with very low aqueous solubility was prepared through mixing zinc acetate and BMS-686117 solutions, followed by filtration or spray drying. At pH 6.8, free BMS-686117 concentration decreased continuously with the increase of Zn:BMS-686117 ratio. Furthermore, free BMS-686117 concentration increases in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating the reversibility of the zinc-peptide association. As solids, the glass transition temperature of Zn/BMS-686117 adduct increases with the increase of Zn:BMS-686117 ratio. A Zn/BMS-686117 adduct suspension, with a molar ratio of zinc:BMS-686117 of 3:1, was dosed subcutaneously to dogs along with two other solution formulations. The Zn/BMS-686117 adduct showed a prolonged BMS-686117 terminal t 1/2 of 8.5 h, a mean residence time (MRT) of 16 h, and a C max value 6-8 times lower than the solution formulations. Additionally, the Zn/BMS-686117 was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. The Zn/BMS-686117 microspheres showed an almost zero-order release profile in vitro for at least 18 days, with minimal initial burst, indicating the potential of using this approach for long-term sustained release.

The original results of two different types of ZnO nanostructures grown via hydrothermal synthesis on ZnO seedlayers coated by atomic layer deposition process on Si substrates were presented. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry were used for the analysis of resulting nanostructured ZnO samples. The influence of annealing on crystal properties of the ZnO nanostructures was shown. It was ascertained that solution composition had a significant influence on the morphology of nanostructures and post-growth annealing modified the crystal properties of nanostructures.

BackgroundMB66 film is a multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) product with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HIV-1 (VRC01-N) and HSV-1 and 2 (HSV8-N). The mAbs were produced by transient expression inNicotiana benthamiana(N). We conducted a Phase I clinical trial to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and ex vivo efficacy of single and repeated doses of MB66 when used intravaginally.Methods and findingsThe clinical trial enrolled healthy reproductive-aged, sexually abstinent women. In Segment A, 9 women received a single MB66 film which was inserted into the vaginal posterior fornix by a clinician. In Segment B, 29 women were randomly assigned to MB66 (Active) or Placebo film groups and were instructed to insert 1 film vaginally for 7 consecutive days. Visits and clinical sampling occurred predose and at various time points after single and repeated film doses. The primary endpoint was number of adverse events (AEs) Grade 2 or higher related to product use. Secondary en...

The study mainly focuses on the preparation and characterization of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia. Methods: Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a biological method using the stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia using Zinc acetate dehydrate in the presence of Sodium hydroxide. The synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: SEM results reveal that the shape of Zinc oxide nanoparticles was spherical and the average size ranges from 37-42 nm. EDX analysis provides the elemental composition of Zinc and oxygen present in the ZnO nanoparticles. The weight percentage of Zinc, oxygen and carbon was found to be 62.45, 28.82 and 7.51 respectively. Chemical bond formations were confirmed by using FTIR analysis. Conclusion: Thus the study suggests that Tinospora cordifolia can be used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles in a simple, cost effective and an eco friendly way. It can also serve as an alternative to conventional chemical method.

A sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of sertraline in commercial drug samples by using GC-MS. The selected-ion monitoring mode was used at the most sensitive m/z 274 to obtain a lower detection limit. LOD/LOQ values were obtained as 1.6/5.4 ng/mL for sertraline under the optimum conditions. The calibration plot was linear between 5.0 and 2000 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The validated method was successfully applied to three different brands of drug samples for both qualitative and quantitative measurement of sertraline. In this experiment, four replicate extractions were performed for each brand, and the results were compared to the values written on the labels of the drug brands. Spiking experiments were also performed to check the effect of the matrixes on the determination, and it was observed that there was no shift in the retention time of the analyte. In addition, simulated gastric juice experiments were performed to check the...

Introduction: Wilsons disease is a rare inherited disorder which is characterized by impaired copper excretion which leads to excessive deposition of copper in many tissues and organs like brain, liver, and eye. This is also characterized by KaiserFleischer ring, low serum ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper excretion.1 Aims: To observe the pharmacological along with non-pharmacological therapy for better clinical care as directed by pharmacist counselling. Case details: A 26year male patient came to the neurology department with chief complaints of involuntary tremors of both hands and difficulty in walking in the last one month associated with swaying to one side in the last 20 days. Discussion: On examination the patient is having Kaiser-Fleisher ring positive and upon further investigation Magnetic resonance imaging brain was performed which revealed the features in favor of Wilson’s disease. And for this condition the patient is treated with chelating agents and be...

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder of copper metabolism with an effective treatment available if diagnosed in the early stages, preferably before symptoms show. However, due to sometimes unspecific signs and symptoms, diagnosis is only possible with a high index of clinical suspicion. Therefore, for early recognition of asymptomatic patients, genetic testing of family members is extremely important. In addition, the aim of this article is to emphasize the role and importance of multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of WD. Case description and results: We present a patient with WD that was accidentally detected after routine ophthalmologic examination following head injury. Owing to efforts invested by different members of our multidisciplinary team for WD, a genetic mutation was determined, pathologic parameters of copper metabolism were examined and appropriate therapy was introduced. Genetic testing was also carried out in the patient's daughter, his sister and her son. The patient's 5-year-old nephew was found to be a homozygote for the mutation. He was referred to pediatric hepatologist. Conclusion: The nephew was the youngest asymptomatic person diagnosed with WD from establishment of our multidisciplinary team. This dramatically improved the outcome of this boy and is certainly going to increase his overall quality of life.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can result in various complications, included micronutrient variations, nutritional impairment, gastric tissue damages and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate serum variations of Cu and Se in H. pylori infected individuals. A prospective case-control study was performed on 69 participants with abdominal pains (40 patients with H. pylori gastritis versus 29 control group). Serum levels of Cu and Se were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Comparisons of elements between included groups were done using independent sample t-test. Subgroup analysis between male and female (with or without H. pylori) was performed using one way analysis of variance. Correlation between serum Cu and Se was assessed using Pearson’s correlation test. The p-value levels less than 0.05 were considered as significant. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Cu and...

Wilson disease also known as hepatolenticular degenerationis an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, usually presents either with hepatic or neurological features. But sometimes along with common features, some atypical presentations may also co-exist. We report here two cases of Wilson disease, a 15 years old girl and 14 years old boy presented with some neurological manifestations along with gradual darkening of whole body.

Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper metabolism with consequent copper accumulation and toxicity in many tissues and consequent hepatic, neurologic and psychiatric disorders. We report a case of Wilson disease with chronic liver disease; moreover, in our patient, presenting also with high levels of state anxiety without depression 99mTc-ECD-SPECT showed cortical hypoperfusion in frontal lobes, more marked on the left frontal lobe. During the follow-up of our patient, penicillamine was interrupted after the appearance of a lichenoid dermatitis, and zinc acetate permitted to continue the successful treatment of the patient without side-effects. In our case the therapy with zinc acetate represented an effective treatment for a Wilson disease patient in which penicillamine-related side effects appeared. The safety of the zinc acetate allowed us to avoid other potentially toxic chelating drugs; this observation is in line with the growing evidence on the ef...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most prevalent etiology of gastritis worldwide. H. pylori management depends mainly on antibiotics, especially the triple therapy formed of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and proton pump inhibitors. Lately, many antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, leading to a decrease in the eradication rates of H. pylori. Polaprezinc (PZN), a mucosal protective zinc-L-carnosine complex, may be a non-antibiotic agent to treat H. pylori without the risk of resistance. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a PZN-based regimen for the eradication of H. pylori. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from WOS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 25 July 2022. We used the odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous outcomes presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We registered our protocol in PROSPERO with ID: CRD4202234923...

ular diagnosis may be useful, especially in sporadic cases of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy without a gelatinous drop-like region. REFERENCES 1. Kanai A, Kaufman HE. Electron microscopic studies of primary band-shaped keratopathy and gelatinous, drop-like corneal dystrophy in two brothers.

In the current study, nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared followed by determination of their characters among chemical and biological tools. In aqueous media from zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide ZnONPs were fabricated by a precipitation method. To characterize the physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied. The chemically fabricated ZnONPs (cZnO NPs) characterized with by crystalline structure with hexagonal structure of the wurtzite. The morphology of cZnO NPs was spherical with a primary size of 5-30 nm. Aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum was used for biological preparation, which may be more ecofriendly and economical compared to other commonly used methods. Results of XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of biologically fabricated ZnONPs (bZnO NPs). Electron micrographs revealed that the resultant bZnO NPs characterized by a spherical shape and a particle size ...

Nano zinc oxide can be used as catalysts, semiconductors and antimicrobial, and can be applied in the various fields, such as cosmetics, medicines, and packaging. Nano zinc oxide can be produced through synthesis process using zinc acetate as a precursor. Until now, zinc acetate used in Indonesia has to be imported from other countries with a relatively high price. This study aims to obtain nano zinc oxide by using zinc acetate of galvanized industrial waste (zinc dross). The synthesis process of nano zinc oxide was conducted using a combination method consisting of sol-gel process sonochemical – calcination with variables of ultrasonication time (30 minutes, 45 minutes and 75 minutes) and pH (pH 8, pH 10 and pH 12). Nano zinc oxides produced under these conditions were characterized based on crystal form, as well as the morphology and particle size. The results showed that the best process conditions for the synthesis of nano zinc oxide was identified at aultrasonication time of 60...

The aim of the research was to study the stability, release profile, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of zidovudine (AZT)-solidified reverse micellar microparticulate. Lipid matrices formulated with Phospholipon ® 90H and goat fat at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 2:3 were used to prepare AZT-loaded SLM by melt dispersion followed by lyophilization. In vitro release studies of the drug were carried out using a sequential drug release method in both SGF (pH 1.2) and SIF (pH 7.2) while the in vivo drug release studies were carried out using Wistar albino rats. The result of our findings showed that the drug is compatibility with the lipid matrix with the 1:1 showing the most stable microparticle preparation which was then optimized. The formulations showed a concentration dependent increase in their concentration maximum (C max) with values of 116.05 µg/ml, 124.21 µg/ml, 128.95 µg/ml, 138.95 µg/ml and time to reach maximum concentration (T max) values of 5h, 8 h, 8 h, and 5...

Totally six dinuclear complexes of Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of calix[4]arene derivatized with two pendants possessing terminal-COOH functions at two of its alternate phenolic-OH groups were synthesized for the first time and were well characterized.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most prevalent etiology of gastritis worldwide. H. pylori management depends mainly on antibiotics, especially the triple therapy formed of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and proton pump inhibitors. Lately, many antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, leading to a decrease in the eradication rates of H. pylori. Polaprezinc (PZN), a mucosal protective zinc-L-carnosine complex, may be a non-antibiotic agent to treat H. pylori without the risk of resistance. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a PZN-based regimen for the eradication of H. pylori. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from WOS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 25 July 2022. We used the odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous outcomes presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We registered our protocol in PROSPERO with ID: CRD4202234923...

The electrical properties and transport mechanisms ofNi/PVA/n-Si MIS type SBDs was investigated using I-V measurements which were performed at room temperature. The fabricated MIS SBD exhibited good rectification ratio with low leakage current when compared to Ni/n-Si MS SBD. The evaluated SBH of MIS type SBDs using PVA as an interfacial layer was found to be 0.80 eV (I-V), 0.88 eV (Cheung), 0.81 eV (Norde) improved when compared to MS structure with 0.70 eV (I-V), 0.74eV (Cheung) and 0.72eV (Norde). The ideality factor (n) values were calculated using thermionic emission (TE) theory and were found to be 1.09 for the MS and 1.35 for the MIS SBDs. The R S , 'n' values were extracted for the MIS and MS SBDs using Cheung functions and were calculated as 171 Ω, 1.24 and 3345 Ω, 1.43 respectively. The series resistance (R S) values were also extracted from H(I) versus I plot and were found to be 459 Ω for MIS SBD and 15,669 Ω for the MS SBD. Furthermore, the surface potential versus forward voltage plot of the MIS SBDs yielded a SBH of 0.77 eV which is higher than 0.68 eV achieved for MS SBD. It can be concluded that the deliberately deposited PVA as an insulating layer at the Ni/n-Si interface remarkably varied the electrical properties of the fabricated Ni/PVA/n-Si MIS SBDs.

Chitosan-alginate microparticles loaded with hydrophobic mangostins present in the mangosteen rind extract have been formulated and optimized for colon-targeted bioactive drug delivery systems. The chitosan–mangostin microparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method with sodium tripolyphosphate as the cross-linking agent of chitosan. The chitosan–mangostin microparticles were then encapsulated in alginate with calcium chloride as the linking agent. The mangostin release profile was optimized using the Box–Behnken design for response surface methodology with three independent variables: (A) chitosan–mangostin microparticle size, (B) alginate:chitosan mass ratio, and (C) concentration of calcium chloride. The following representative equation was obtained: percent cumulative release of mangostins (10 h) = 59.51 − 5.16A + 20.00B − 1.27C − 1.70AB − 5.43AC − 5.04BC + 0.0579A2 + 10.25B2 + 1.10C2. Cumulative release of 97% was obtained under the following optimum condition ...

Structurally characterized naphthalene-based ratiometric probe detects zinc acetate (ZA) by colorimetric and fluorescence tools. In vitro tracking of ZA in endophytic bacteria in rice root tissue and human breast cancer cells (MCF7) is possible.

The electrical properties and transport mechanisms ofNi/PVA/n-Si MIS type SBDs was investigated using I-V measurements which were performed at room temperature. The fabricated MIS SBD exhibited good rectification ratio with low leakage current when compared to Ni/n-Si MS SBD. The evaluated SBH of MIS type SBDs using PVA as an interfacial layer was found to be 0.80 eV (I-V), 0.88 eV (Cheung), 0.81 eV (Norde) improved when compared to MS structure with 0.70 eV (I-V), 0.74eV (Cheung) and 0.72eV (Norde). The ideality factor (n) values were calculated using thermionic emission (TE) theory and were found to be 1.09 for the MS and 1.35 for the MIS SBDs. The R S , 'n' values were extracted for the MIS and MS SBDs using Cheung functions and were calculated as 171 Ω, 1.24 and 3345 Ω, 1.43 respectively. The series resistance (R S) values were also extracted from H(I) versus I plot and were found to be 459 Ω for MIS SBD and 15,669 Ω for the MS SBD. Furthermore, the surface potential versus forward voltage plot of the MIS SBDs yielded a SBH of 0.77 eV which is higher than 0.68 eV achieved for MS SBD. It can be concluded that the deliberately deposited PVA as an insulating layer at the Ni/n-Si interface remarkably varied the electrical properties of the fabricated Ni/PVA/n-Si MIS SBDs.

Wilson's disease (WD) is not as rare as once believed, and has a wide range of presentations with equally wide range of age of onset. Sometimes the primary presentation might be unusual and may require a thorough investigation to avoid a misdiagnosis. Our case presented with uncontrolled seizures, severe hypokalemia, renal failure, and hypoparathyroidism. After being diagnosed as WD and treated for the same patient made a remarkable recovery.

Objective: In the present study the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was investigated against gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) organisms. Methods: The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by co-precipitation method using zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide as precursors. These nanoparticles were characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation), UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis). As well as antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the nanoparticles were carried out by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method respectively against gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) bacteria. Results: The average crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles was found to be 35 nm by X-ray diffraction. The vibration bands at 450 and 603 cm-1 Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles have exhibited good antibacterial activity with gram negative bacteria when compared to gram positive bacteria. which were assigned for ZnO stretching vibration were observed in FTIR spectrum. The optical absorption band at 383 nm was obtained from UV-Visible spectrum. Spherical shape morphology was observed in SEM studies. The antibacterial assay clearly expressed that E. coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition (32±0.20 mm) followed by Proteus vulgaris (30±0.45 nm) at 50 mg/ml concentration of ZnO nanoparticles.

Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesis, characterize, and evaluation of antimicrobial potential of iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) using Serratia marcescens. Methods: Fe NPs were fabricated by microbial enzyme using ferric chloride as an agent of reduction and stabilization. Fe NPs formation and their elemental nature were confirmed by ultraviolet (UV)-absorption spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The morphology of Fe NPs was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Functional groups of biomolecules associated with Fe NPs were inferred from characteristic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy peaks. The antibacterial activity is determined by the disc diffusion method. Results: Synthesized Fe NPs exhibited characteristic UV-absorption spectrum peaks at 263nm. FTIR spectroscopy peaks of Fe NPs, 3411.66, 1629.16, 1039.63, and 601.90 cm −1 corresponds to carbonyl, disulfides, and ethers groups. SEM study demonstrated that the average size was from 200nm with interparticle distances. The crystalline nature of Fe NPs was confirmed from the X-ray diffraction peaks analysis. The intense diffraction peaks due to Fe

Nano zinc oxide can be used as catalysts, semiconductors and antimicrobial, and can be applied in the various fields, such as cosmetics, medicines, and packaging. Nano zinc oxide can be produced through synthesis process using zinc acetate as a precursor. Until now, zinc acetate used in Indonesia has to be imported from other countries with a relatively high price. This study aims to obtain nano zinc oxide by using zinc acetate of galvanized industrial waste (zinc dross). The synthesis process of nano zinc oxide was conducted using a combination method consisting of sol-gel process sonochemical – calcination with variables of ultrasonication time (30 minutes, 45 minutes and 75 minutes) and pH (pH 8, pH 10 and pH 12). Nano zinc oxides produced under these conditions were characterized based on crystal form, as well as the morphology and particle size. The results showed that the best process conditions for the synthesis of nano zinc oxide was identified at aultrasonication time of 60...

A gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC/NCI-MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the fungicides captan and folpet in khaki (persimmon; flesh and peel) and cauliflower. Samples were extracted with acetone in the presence of 0.1 M zinc acetate solution in order to avoid degradation of fungicides and were purified using solid-phase extraction with divinylbenzene polymeric cartridges. Purified extracts were evaporated and dissolved in hexane prior to injection into the GC/NCI-MS system. Isotope-labeled captan and folpet were used as surrogate/internal standards, and quantification was performed using matrix-matched calibration. The method showed linear response in the concentration range tested (50-2500 ng/mL). The method was fully validated with untreated blank samples of khaki (flesh and peel) and cauliflower spiked at 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg. Satisfactory recoveries between 82 and 106% and relative standard deviations lower th...

Nowadays research on green chemistry in synthesis of nanoparticles with utilization of plants has engrossed a great attention. This study reports the exploit of aqueous leaf extract of Corriandrum Sativum as an eco-friendly agent for the pattern of zinc oxide nanoparticles using zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide as a surrogate for chemical method. Recent research depicts synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Green and Chemical Method (UV Visible Spectrum Analysis, DLS). ZnO nanoparticles have tremendous application in biomolecular identification, diagnostics, and microelectronics and water remediation. Despite the fact that Chemical and Green methods are trendier for nanoparticles synthesis, the biogenic green fabrication is a better choice due to eco-friendliness.

The objective of the present study was to synthesis of alkyl succinate and phthalate derivative of chi tosan by substitution of neucliophilic amino group in order to modify the solubility window of the polymers. Th e synthesize derivatives were used in preparation of metronidazo le (MN) and were investigated the efficacy for pH s colon targeted drug release. The chitosan derivativ es microspheres containing MN were prepared using s olvent evaporation method. Formulations were characterized for morphology, particle size, % encapsulation eff iciency, % drug content and in vitro drug release. The microsp heres prepared by N-ethylsuccinate chitosan (batch F 2) was found to be high drug encapsulation efficiency and was showed better stability in simulated gastric fl uid. The drug release from this batch was 73±1.4 % (phosphate buf fer) whereas in simulated gastric fluid was found 2 6±1.6% for 2 hr of the study. The mucoadhestion of the batch w as found 75±1.5 % whereas, in plain chitosan...

Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous units presenting as inflammatory or noninflammatory lesions in individuals of all ages. The current standard of treatment includes topical formulations in the forms of washes, gels, lotions, and creams such as antibiotics, antibacterial agents, retinoids, and comedolytics. Additionally, systemic treatments are available for more severe or resistant forms of acne. Nevertheless, these treatments have shown to induce a wide array of adverse effects, including dryness, peeling, erythema, and even fetal defects and embolic events. Zinc is a promising alternative to other acne treatments owing to its low cost, efficacy, and lack of systemic side effects. In this literature review, we evaluate the effectiveness and side-effect profiles of various formulations of zinc used to treat acne.

Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks on surfaces are a new class of planar materials with promising features for applications in chemical sensing, catalysis, and organic optoelectronics at nanoscale. Herein, we studied systematically a series of the SURMOFs assembled from variously meso-carboxyphenyl/pyridyl-substituted porphyrins and zinc acetate on template monolayers of graphene oxide via layer-by-layer deposition. This microscopically flat template can initiate the growth of macroscopically uniform SURMOF films exhibiting well-resolved X-ray diffraction. By applying the D'yakonov method, which has been previously used for the extraction of self-convolution of electron density in clay minerals, to the analysis of the experimental diffraction patterns of the SURMOFs, we determined the relation between the structure of porphyrin linkers and the geometry of packing motives in the films. We showed that the packing of the SURMOFs differs significantly from that of bulk powders...