Voting System

This is a statement by Members of the Sounding Board of the EU ‘Group of Friends of Qualified Majority Voting (QMV)’. The Group of Friends of QMV was established in 2023 by several EU Member States to prepare proposals to overcome the requirement of unanimity in the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. Discussions take place at various levels, including that of the so-called European Correspondents at the various Ministries of Foreign Affairs. The Sounding Board consists of academics and was installed to provide advice on the various proposals. The present Statement aims to draw attention to options that are currently on
the table.

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

der Straeten, as well as participants to the Siute Seminar (Lille) and to the workshop "Analyse du vote et concurrence électorale" (Paris I). Enthousiastic help was provided by the students of the Master Program in "Economie et Administration Publique" of the University of Lille 1. Any remaining error or omission would be ours.

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

Under evaluative voting, the voter freely grades each candidate on a numerical scale, with the winning candidate being determined by the sum of the grades they receive. This paper compares evaluative voting with the two-round system, reporting on an experiment which used various evaluation scales, conducted during the first round of the 2012 French presidential election. Invitations to participate in the study were extended to around 5,000 voters in three cities, and the experiment attracted 2,340 participants. Basing our argument on the We extend grateful thanks to all the members of the Community Councils, all the participants, and all the volunteers who helped us on April 22. (See

Lumpur (stolica Malezji) Międzynarodowe Uniwersytety Muzułmańskie stały się światowymi centrami fundamentalistycznej doktryny wahhabizmu i Braci Muzułmanów (G. Kepel, op. cit., s. 91, 97, 99). 22 Zlikwidowano wówczas "bezbożne" państwo szacha, a zbudowano republikę islamską, będącą formą teokracji (velajat-e fakih), w której najwyższa władza miała należeć do fakira (teolog wyspecjalizowany w prawie muzułmańskim). Dążono też do ekspansji tego typu rewolucji religijnej w całym świecie muzułmańskim. Do Teheranu przybywali po nauki młodzi fundamentaliści zarówno ze Wschodu (Indonezja, Malezja), jak i z Zachodu (np. z Senegalu). Dlatego w 1980 r. Saddam Husajn, obawiając się tego typu wpływów, polecił zgładzić ajatollaha Muhammada Bakir as-Sadra (1935-1980), przywódcę irackich szyitów (był jednym z założycieli fundamentalistycznej szyickiej partii w Iraku, Ad-Dawa) i zwolennika Chomeiniego oraz jego koncepcji państwa. 23 Można tu jeszcze dodać zamordowanie 6 października 1981 r. w Kairze (podczas defi lady wojskowej), przez bojowników grupy Dżihad, prezydenta Anwara Sadata. 24 E. Wnuk-Lisowska, Fundamentalizm i dżihad. Groźna twarz islamu?, [w:] Religie a wojna i terroryzm, red. J. Drabina, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Studia Religiologica, z. 36, Kraków 2003, s. 111 i n. 25 Ocenia się, iż w Afganistanie walczyło 8-25 tys. ochotników. 26 Regularnie do Peszawaru przybywał np. szajch Umar Abd ar-Rahman-celem zagrzewania do walki, określanej jako dżihad, zgromadzonych tam bojowników. 27 G. Kepel, op. cit., s. 17. 28 Warto tu zwrócić uwagę na fakt, iż religijny przywódca Iranu, ajatollah Chomeini, w cztery dni po wybuchu wojny wygłosił do narodu przemówienie, w którym armię iracką nazwał "wojskami niewiernych". Także w późniejszej działalności propagandowej, Saddama Husajna, prezydenta Iraku, a zarazem przywódcę świeckiej partii Al-Bas, oskarżano o "bezbożność" i ukazywano jako "apostatę" islamu. 29 Pierwotnie termin dżihad oznaczał tyle co "robić wysiłek" (walka z samym sobą, dokładanie starań), natomiast walkę zbrojną na rzecz islamu określano terminem kital. Jednak z czasem oba te terminy zostały połączone i poprzez dżihad zaczęto rozumieć w ogóle działalność na rzecz islamu, w tym także walkę z niewiernymi, a więc (od epoki wypraw krzyżowych) również z chrześcijanami (

Elections are believed to be the key pillars of democracy and voting is one of the electoral processes that ensure the sustenance of democracy in any civil society. In this paper, we developed an electronic voting system, which will eliminate rigging and manipulation of results to its barest minimum, this problem is mostly associated with the manual system of voting. The implementation of electronic voting system in Nigeria will boost the integrity of INEC and the result they produce. The programs used to develop this system are PHP, MySQL, Java Query, CSS and HTML. These packages make the Graphic Interface User friendly enough for even those with little or no computer knowledge.

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

Legislation is typically passed to accomplish some goal that benefits the majority of society. Sometimes, however, legislation leads to unanticipated and undesirable outcomes. This dissertation examines the ‘side-effects’ of three different Canadian labour laws. Chapter one examines the impact of voting laws on certification success in British Columbia from 1978 to 1998. During that time period, a voting system was introduced in 1984, and was then repealed in 1993. Chapter two examines the impact of welfare cheques on the likelihood of injection drug users leaving the hospital against medical advice (“AMA”), thereby interrupting treatment. The effect of such behavior on subsequent readmission and the probability of an overdose are also estimated. The final chapter utilizes a natural experiment to evaluate the long-run impact of unemployment insurance. The similar UI systems in Maine and New Brunswick in the 1940s and early 1950s were compared over time taking into account the increa...

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

In this paper, we expose the results of a voting experiment realised in 2007, during the French Presidential election. This experiment aimed at confronting the Single Transferable vote (SVT) procedure to two criteria : simplicity and the selection of a Condorcet-winner. Building on our electoral sample's preferences, we show that this voting procedure can design a different winner, depending on the vote counting process. With the vote counting process advocated by Hare, the winner is Nicolas Sarkozy, while the Coombs vote counting process has François Bayrou as winner. For these two vote counting processes, the details of the experiment are the same and it is shown that the simplicity criterion is respected. However, with regard to the Condorcet-winner criterion, the Coombs methods is the only one to elect the Condorcet-winner, i.e. François Bayrou.

The top-two primary recently approved in several states in the U.S. eliminates the closed party primaries and creates instead a single ballot in which the Örst and second place winners pass to the general election. We conduct a theoretical analysis to compare the electoral consequences of the top-two primary with those of the closed primaries. Each primary procedure induces a sequential game with three stages: candidate-entry stage, primary election, and general election. We analyze the equilibria of these games and show that the top-two primary contributes to political moderation. In particular, when the median voter is an extremist, the closed primaries always generate an extreme winner and yet the top-two primary can generate an equilibrium with a moderate winner. Furthermore, when the median voter is a moderate but his/her partyís median partisan is an extremist (and some additional mild conditions hold), the closed primaries always generate an extreme winner while the top-two primary always generates a moderate winner. We also show that the top-two primary may increase the number of swing states since, in certain cases, the party-a¢liation of the winner under the top-two primary may not coincide with the party a¢liation of the median voter.

Elections have been found to be a panacae for good governance. Governments become accountatble when voters are allowed to choose who represent them. Traditional manual based balloting system have been shown to be susceptible to elections malpractices. This is apart from the huge financial and other costs associated with manual ballotting. This work adresses the above issues by designing and implementing an Android tablet based Electronic ballotting System. An android-based application has been developed using android programming kit. An electronic ballot paper was simulated using a Graphical user interface (GUI) on a touchscreen device to eliminate the use of keyboard and mouse to avoid complications for voters. At the conclusion of polling, results are dispayed. An electronic based Voter Verified Audit Trail (VVAT) was implemented to ensure recount is possible where neccessary. Results of tests shows that usability of the system is high while accuracy have been shown to better and ...

Free and fair elections is known to be central to good governance. The interregnum between the time voting is concluded and results declared is often used by mischief makers to manipulate the results of elections. This work presents ways and means of reducing the time between voting activities and results publication to the barest minimum. This is done by automatically transmitting, collating and publishing results from urban and remote places to central servers. Nigeria with its huge population, large mass area, and an extensive difficult terrain without internet access presents us with an appropriate case to study. This method will be applicable to similar electoral constituencies especially in developing countries.A results collation and transmission system was designed and implemented using Nigerian Elections as a case study. Election results are collated from every polling points (about 132,000 locations) sent using a mobile application to a central server. These results are co...

In this paper, we expose the results of a voting experiment realised in 2007, during the French Presidential election. This experiment aimed at confronting the Single Transferable Vote (SVT) procedure to two criteria: simplicity and the selection of a Condorcet-winner. Building on our electoral sample's preferences, we show that this voting procedure can design a different winner, depending on the vote counting process. With the vote counting process advocated by Hare, the winner is Nicolas Sarkozy, while the Coombs vote counting process has François Bayrou as winner. For these two vote counting processes, the details of the experiment are the same and it is shown that the simplicity criterion is respected. However, with regard to the Condorcetwinner criterion, the Coombs method is the only one to elect the Condorcetwinner, i.e. François Bayrou.

Free and fair elections is known to be central to good governance. The interregnum between the time voting is concluded and results declared is often used by mischief makers to manipulate the results of elections. This work presents ways and means of reducing the time between voting activities and results publication to the barest minimum. This is done by automatically transmitting, collating and publishing results from urban and remote places to central servers. Nigeria with its huge population, large mass area, and an extensive difficult terrain without internet access presents us with an appropriate case to study. This method will be applicable to similar electoral constituencies especially in developing countries.A results collation and transmission system was designed and implemented using Nigerian Elections as a case study. Election results are collated from every polling points (about 132,000 locations) sent using a mobile application to a central server. These results are co...

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system’s dat...

   National elections are a big deal which has a major role in the development and progress of a country. The security of an election is in fact the matter of national security. Current voting systems in the context of Nepal and other parts of the world are still traditional and insecure. From the dawn of democracy, elections are still based on pen and papers. While there are new electronic voting machines, these systems have a high risk of rigging and are prone to failure, crashes, and attacks from intruders. The stated problems can be addressed through the implementation of new technology namely Blockchain for a transparent and reliable voting process. A blockchain based voting platform has been built to make the voting process digital, secure, reliable and intuitive. The votes casted by voters are stored in the blockchain, thus making it immutable and secure. The system can be scaled based on the requirements of an election. Voters can login to the system with the help of encrypt...

The voting system in Nigeria has always been filled with different forms of manipulation, and m-voting was suggested as the solution but has a major problem which is securely storing the casted votes. Blockchain was proposed to mitigate this problem and with the utilization of two-factor authentication to prevent illegible voters from casting their votes. The objective of this paper is to develop a mobile voting system that utilizes two-factor authentication to authenticate the voters and blockchain technology to securely store the votes. The system was then evaluated using the ISO 9241-11 usability model, and the results showed that the proposed system had a good usability rating which implies that it can be utilized in a voting procedure.

The voting system in Nigeria has always been filled with different forms of manipulation, and m-voting was suggested as the solution but has a major problem which is securely storing the casted votes. Blockchain was proposed to mitigate this problem and with the utilization of two-factor authentication to prevent illegible voters from casting their votes. The objective of this paper is to develop a mobile voting system that utilizes two-factor authentication to authenticate the voters and blockchain technology to securely store the votes. The system was then evaluated using the ISO 9241-11 usability model, and the results showed that the proposed system had a good usability rating which implies that it can be utilized in a voting procedure.

The life of Mexican mule packer Jesús Urquides is the subject of this work. Urquides was a Mexican-born mule packer who brought the skills of his profession to the American West, where he eventually settled in Boise, Idaho in the 1860s. The focus of the work is to shed light on the activities of mule packers and their work in the American West as it related to the mining activities of the region and to also examine Urquides' role in the establishment of Boise's Spanish Village. Jesús Urquides: Idaho's Premier Muleteer is a case study of the profession and its contributions to the mining industry of the late 19 th century. The life of Urquides' personal life is examined. Other topics include: (1) the history of mule packing as a profession that was developed and refined over centuries of practice in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas, (2) mule packing in Idaho, (3) the Sheep Mountain mining district of central Idaho, (4) the decline of mule packing, and (5) the establishment of Boise's Spanish Village. Conclusions established during this study include: (1) that mule packing was ideally suited to provide logistical support for Idaho's early mining industry despite unpredictable weather and rugged terrain, (2) that the use of the mule packing system contributed to the United States Army's military success in its campaigns against Idaho's Native American tribes, (3) that mule packing declined at the end of the 19 th century due to economic factors and intense competition from freight wagons, (4) that Spanish Village was an ethnic neighborhood that encouraged multinational bonds among Boise's Spanish-speaking population, and (5) that Jesús Urquides emerged as a singular figure for his role in the early development of Idaho and was widely respected by its pioneer community. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

The EU's voting system has been questioned in recent years. Two voting regimes have been contraposed: unanimity and qualified majority voting. While the first one is declining its importance since several member states refuse to remove it, the second one is gaining popularity as European powers grow thanks to this system. This article aims to prove the effectiveness of the Qualified Majority Voting faced to the pros of the unanimity system and the possible solutions as the progressive implementation in concrete fields as sanctions, human rights and civil missions.

The process of casting a vote in Nigeria is commonly associated with high risk factors such as violence. This singular exercise poses a lot of threat to life and security. In order to reduce these perceived risk factors, this paper proposes the use of SMS based voting system. The SMS based voting system allows voters to cast their vote from the comfort of their home or pre-selected secured area. The system is designed with a third party application programming interface to configure an automated voting result collation, load balancing and concurrency on a real time basis. In comparison with the current mode of voting currently used in Nigeria, the proposed method is cost effective, secured and highly reliable.

The electoral process has suffered from deep political instability following the post-colonial independence of most African nations. Moreover, the electoral process in many countries is characterized by massive rigging, high cost of electoral materials, and declaration of false results. In this paper, we will present a review of the blockchain Technology and some of the potential roles to play in conducting a transparent election. This paper opines that with the emergence of the blockchain technology, African Nations should tap from it and build a reliable, secure, and convenient electoral voting system. It further suggests that a blockchain electoral voting system will eliminate most of the challenges faced by African nations in conducting a free, fair and transparent election with low cost and total security. The issue of election rigging is almost completely eradicated with this technology (if properly installed). An attempt to alter/manipulate records (votes) in the system's database can be spotted easily, because of its rigorous consensus rules, such an attempt is considered void and denied permission to access, alter, or destroy any of the previously saved votes. However, the paper argues that there are institutional challenges to implementing this technology within the continent. Specifically, there is a need to educate the masses as well as create robust policies that can accommodate this technology within the continent. Failure to acknowledge these challenges may well prevent the application of blockchain technology in African electoral process in the foreseeable future.

The project entitled “A STUDY ON ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” aims at making the voting process easy in private environment. Presently voting is performed using ballot paper and the counting is performed by the persons, hence it consumes a lot of time. There can be possibility of invalid votes. All these make election a tedious task. In our proposed system voting and counting is done with the help of computer. It saves time, avoid error in counting and there will be no invalid votes. It makes the election process easy. This project is a cyber-voting technique. In this system, the voters who are pursuing in this private sectors and the age is above 18 years of any gender can vote for the deserving candidate through online without going to polling booth. The voters can vote without any difficulty.