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Viral Resistance

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Viral resistance refers to the ability of a host organism, such as plants, animals, or humans, to withstand or mitigate the effects of viral infections. This phenomenon can involve genetic, biochemical, or immunological mechanisms that prevent viral replication, spread, or pathogenicity within the host.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Viral resistance refers to the ability of a host organism, such as plants, animals, or humans, to withstand or mitigate the effects of viral infections. This phenomenon can involve genetic, biochemical, or immunological mechanisms that prevent viral replication, spread, or pathogenicity within the host.

Key research themes

1. What genetic mechanisms underlie resistance to antiretroviral drugs such as dolutegravir and darunavir, and how do they impact virological outcomes?

This theme investigates the molecular and mutational bases of viral resistance to key antiretroviral drugs, focusing particularly on HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir and protease inhibitor darunavir. Understanding precise mutations selected under drug pressure and their functional impact on drug susceptibility enables improved resistance monitoring and informs optimized treatment regimens, especially in treatment-experienced populations.

Key finding: Through a systematic review of 14 in vitro passage experiments and 26 studies on virological failure (VF) cases, the study identified prevalent INSTI resistance mutations emerging under dolutegravir selection pressure and... Read more
Key finding: This study demonstrated that the darunavir genotypic inhibitory quotient (gIQ) derived from De Meyer's weighted score algorithm most accurately predicts 48-week virological response in darunavir-based salvage therapy. It... Read more

2. How does cell-type variability and viral factors influence antiviral drug efficacy, particularly with drugs like ribavirin and factors contributing to viral rebound without classical resistance?

This theme focuses on the cellular and viral determinants shaping the efficacy of antiviral drugs beyond conventional drug resistance mutations. Studies probe mechanisms such as differential drug uptake, intracellular metabolism, and immune-viral dynamics leading to variable antiviral responses and instances of viral rebound shortly after drug discontinuation without detectable resistance or latent reservoirs.

Key finding: The study demonstrated that ribavirin (RBV) antiviral activity strongly varies across seven different host cell lines independent of prior drug exposure, with resistance linked to differences in long-term intracellular RBV... Read more
Key finding: Using a mathematical model of virus-immune dynamics, the study identified a type-3 viral rebound occurring shortly after antiviral drug discontinuation without involvement of resistance mutations or latent reservoirs. This... Read more

3. What are the impacts of viral resistance and synergistic viral interactions on treatment efficacy and resistance emergence in clinical and agricultural contexts?

This theme encompasses studies exploring the implications of viral resistance at the population and clinical level, as well as viral synergism that compromises host resistance. The works provide insights into resistance patterns in pediatric HIV care in resource-limited settings, viral resistance testing at low viral loads, and viral synergism impairing resistance genes in plant viruses, highlighting the multifaceted challenges in managing viral resistance and persistence.

Key finding: The nationwide cross-sectional study found a 64% virological failure rate among HIV-infected children receiving decentralized care in Senegal, with 86.5% of failures harboring resistance mutations to at least one... Read more
Key finding: This study successfully optimized an in-house HIV-1 subtype C genotyping assay, achieving 72% genotyping success on low-level viremia samples (401-999 copies/mL) and detecting resistance mutations in 17% of these samples.... Read more
Key finding: The study revealed a novel form of viral synergism where bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) suppresses soybean Rsv3-mediated extreme resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-G5H, via VSR proteins impairing RNA silencing and... Read more

All papers in Viral Resistance

The treatment option for AIDS have drastically changed since 1987 when the first drug of HIV/AIDS Zidovudin (ZDV) was approved, mono therapy has been replaced by the most effective currently is HAART which includes three drugs from one or... more
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