Vibratory Conveying

SCADA is the technology that allows the operator to gather data from one or more various facilities and to send control instructions to those facilities.  This paper represents an adaptable and low cost SCADA system for a particular sugar manufacturing process, by using Programmable Logic Controls (Siemens s7-1200, 1214Dc/ Dc/ Rly). The system will control and monitor the laboratory production line chose from sugar industry. The project comprises of two sections the first one is the hardware section that has been designed, and built using components suitable for making it for laboratory purposes, and the second section was the software as the PLC programming, designing the HMI, creating alarms and trending system. The system will have two HMI screens according to the two operating states of system (Automatic and Manual), the operator can choose between them by a selector switch, this method helps the operators when fixing a failure and wanting to check it without operating all the p...

Original scientific paper This paper presents the results of modeling, simulation and experimental research of the bulk material flow on the electromagnetic vibratory feeder (EVF). The model of the EVF was implemented in Simulink/Matlab and verified in the experimental research. It has been experimentally confirmed that the bulk material flow rate has its maximal value as far as excitation frequency is equal to the EVF mechanical resonant frequency. For certain bulk material flow rate, average value of excitation coil current of EVF has minimal value when named frequencies are equal. In addition to modeling of the EVF, the main contribution of this paper is implementation of flow control algorithm of bulk material on EVF, experimental verification of the adopted model and defines parameters that enable the selection of energy-efficient operating point of the EVF.

Original scientific paper This paper presents the results of modeling, simulation and experimental research of the bulk material flow on the electromagnetic vibratory feeder (EVF). The model of the EVF was implemented in Simulink/Matlab and verified in the experimental research. It has been experimentally confirmed that the bulk material flow rate has its maximal value as far as excitation frequency is equal to the EVF mechanical resonant frequency. For certain bulk material flow rate, average value of excitation coil current of EVF has minimal value when named frequencies are equal. In addition to modeling of the EVF, the main contribution of this paper is implementation of flow control algorithm of bulk material on EVF, experimental verification of the adopted model and defines parameters that enable the selection of energy-efficient operating point of the EVF.

The vibratory feeders with electromagnetic excitation called electromagnetic vibratory feeders (EMVF) are commonly used for performing gravimetric flow of granular and particulate materials in processing industry. This drives offer easy and simple control the mass flow of conveying materials. In comparison with other drives (pneumatics, inertial, centrifugal, etc...), these have a more simple construction and they are compact, robust and reliable in operation. The absence of wearing mechanical part, such as gears, cams belts, bearings, eccentrics, etc., makes EMVF, most economical equipment. Standard power electronic output stages intended for control of theEMVF using SCR devices (thyristors and triacs). This implies phase angle control (PAC) and constant frequency of vibration. In this way control circuit must be synchronized to the mains supply frequency 50(60) Hz. PAC can only accomplish tuning amplitude of vibration, but not vibratory frequency. Application of transistor (IGBT or MOSFET) switch mode power converters enables accomplishing the amplitude and (or) frequency control of EMVF. Their use implies the excitation of an EMVF independent of the mains supply frequency. In addition, the frequency control ensures operation in the region of mechanical resonance. This operation is highly efficient, because large output displacement is provided by small input power. An optimal and efficient operation requires tracking of resonant frequency. This paper presents possible solution of the amplitudefrequency control of EMVF and corresponding simulation and experimental results.

In this paper a load angle estimation method of round rotor synchronous generator is presented, for load angle limiter in AVR systems design purpose. To get information of load angle, it is necessary to have values of the one terminal voltage, one phase current and q-axis reactance Xq. Mentioned values are acquired by synchronous sampling technique and processed by discrete Fourier transformation. The accuracy of presented method highly depends on quality of zero-crossing detection of the input voltage signal and on the calculation estimation of the fundamental frequency. This method is of reduced sensitivity to higher harmonics presence contence in voltages and current waveforms. Another advantage, when compared to other dq or ab based calculations estimations, is the necessity of use only two measurement channels. Drawback of described approach is lack of immunity to current asymmetry. However, a solution to overcome this problem is offered by introducing the additional measuremen...

This paper deals with the design of a temperature control process trainer interfaced with Siemens S7-1200 PLC and KTP-700 Basic HMI. The entire setup comprises a temperature control trainer having an on-off controller as well as a PID controller mounted onto the instrumentation panel, a voltage to current converter which converts from 0-10 V to 4-20 mA, a temperature to voltage converter based on the RTD PT-100 sensor, PLC-based PID controller and HMI (Human Machine Interface). Initially, the efficiency, robustness, speed and effectiveness of the process control system are demonstrated via experimental results which are then compared with the simulation results.

The vibratory feeder is a forced vibrating system mostly used in industries to feed material from hoppers, bins, silos and storage piles to belt conveyors. It is used to control the feed rate of material being transported. In this paper, dynamic analysis of the vibratory feeder is conducted theoretically and the obtained results are validated with experimental values corresponding to the various operating frequencies of the feeder unit. Further, speed of feed particles are identified experimentally at various operating frequencies. The actual vibration behavior of the particle on conveying surface is examined experimentally and movement of the particles are shown graphically. The experimental work is conducted on the fabricated vibratory feeder with 1HP motor installed on it with variable speed controller. The instruments used are the B&K 4-channel analyzer, accelerometer and the force transducer. The post processing of data analysis was done in ME'Scope software.

In this paper a load angle estimation method of round rotor synchronous generator is presented, for load angle limiter in AVR systems design purpose. To get information of load angle, it is necessary to have values of the one terminal voltage, one phase current and q-axis reactance Xq. Mentioned values are acquired by synchronous sampling technique and processed by discrete Fourier transformation. The accuracy of presented method highly depends on quality of zero-crossing detection of the input voltage signal and on the calculation estimation of the fundamental frequency. This method is of reduced sensitivity to higher harmonics presence contence in voltages and current waveforms. Another advantage, when compared to other dq or αβ based calculations estimations, is the necessity of use only two measurement channels. Drawback of described approach is lack of immunity to current asymmetry. However, a solution to overcome this problem is offered by introducing the additional measurements into the algorithm to extract the synchronous sampled direct components of all three phase currents.

U radu je prikazan jedan od načina implementacije letelice na daljinsko upravljanje – kvadkoptera za čije upravljanje se koristi STM32F103C8T6 kontroler, za određivanje položaja letelice koristi se inercijalni senzor IMU MPU9250 (akcelerometar i žiroskop) dok se za aktuatore koriste motori bez četkica. Senzorski i aktuatorski deo povezuje tri PID regulatora koji su implementirani u kontroleru. Upravljanje se vrši radio vezom na 2.4GHz modulom za komunikaciju NRF24l01. Letelica obezbeđuje podatke o temperaturi, vlažnosti i atmosferskom pritisku uz pomoć senzora BME280.

In present paper an electromagnetic elevator (conveying device) designed in Riga Technical University (Latvia) is described. Modelling of single-stage electromagnetic elevator in FEMM software is suggested. Analysis of electromagnetic field distribution created by multi-turn coil used as propulsion mean for conveying of ferromagnetic materials by electromagnetic field is presented. Use of different coil materials and coil dimensions is evaluated.

This paper deals with the design of an electromechanical device considering some prescribed performance requirements, and static and dynamic analysis of this device are carried out. In studying the transient response of such a system, as part of dynamic analysis, two methods mostly used finite element method (FEM) and finite differences method (FDM). However, these methods need much CPU time. In this work, a computer simulator program is developed for an EMA. This technique is implemented in the MATLAB-Simulink environment and tested for different design tasks such as electromagnetic valves or electromechanical brakes etc. Furthermore, by using GUIDE tools within MATLAB, a simple useful and userfriendly GUI structure is developed to provide a visual approach to design and analysis process.ß2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 383À396, 2010

Sažetak: U radu su prikazani kritička analiza toka obrade signala u softverski realizovanom GPS prijemniku i kritičko poređenje različitih arhitektura za obradu signala u okviru GPS prijemnika. Najpre je prikazan model softverskog prijemnika. Na osnovu prikazanog modela realizovan je prijemnik u programskom paketu MATLAB u kome su izvršene simulacije obrade signala. Cilj rada je da pokaže prednosti i nedostatke pojedinih metoda sinhronizacije signala u prijemniku, i predloži prihvatljivo rešenje za moguću implementaciju. Celokupna obrada signala izvršena je na signalu L1 i podacima prikupljenim pomoću ulaznog kola SE4110. Akvizicija signala realizovana je metodom ciklične konvolucije. Radi uporednog prikaza karakteristika pojedinih metoda sinhronizacije (praćenje) signala, prikazani su modeli ealrli-late DLL (Delay Lock Loop), TDL (Tau Dither Loop) i Costas-ove PLL (Phase Lock Loop) petlji praćenja sinhronizacije signala. Na osnovu izvršene analize i prikupljenih podataka, predložen je najprihvatljiviji metod praćenja signala za implementaciju u softverskom GPS prijemniku. Takođe, prikazan je uticaj pojedinih parametara petlji praćenja na sinhronizaciju signala. Nakon izdvajanja bita navigacionih podataka predložen je i NDA (Nondata-aided) algoritam za dodatnu sinhronizaciju detektovanih bita s ciljem njihove pravilne detekcije i bržeg pozicioniranja prijemnika.

The vibratory feeders with electromagnetic excitation called electromagnetic vibratory feeders (EMVF) are commonly used for performing gravimetric flow of granular and particulate materials in processing industry. This drives offer easy and simple control the mass flow of conveying materials. In comparison with other drives (pneumatics, inertial, centrifugal, etc...), these have a more simple construction and they are compact, robust and reliable in operation. The absence of wearing mechanical part, such as gears, cams belts, bearings, eccentrics, etc., makes EMVF, most economical equipment. Standard power electronic output stages intended for control of theEMVF using SCR devices (thyristors and triacs). This implies phase angle control (PAC) and constant frequency of vibration. In this way control circuit must be synchronized to the mains supply frequency 50(60) Hz. PAC can only accomplish tuning amplitude of vibration, but not vibratory frequency. Application of transistor (IGBT or MOSFET) switch mode power converters enables accomplishing the amplitude and (or) frequency control of EMVF. Their use implies the excitation of an EMVF independent of the mains supply frequency. In addition, the frequency control ensures operation in the region of mechanical resonance. This operation is highly efficient, because large output displacement is provided by small input power. An optimal and efficient operation requires tracking of resonant frequency. This paper presents possible solution of the amplitudefrequency control of EMVF and corresponding simulation and experimental results.

Kratak sadržaj: Verodostojnost modela nekog objekta ocenjuje se prema veličini odstupanja rezultata simulacije od rezultata ispitivanja sprovedenih na stvarnom objektu. Veličina odstupanja rezultata simulacije od rezultata ispitivanja, kao i prihvatljivost veličine odstupanja za određenu namenu modela, određuje se u postupku potvrde verodostojnosti, odnosno verifikacije. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja, model i verifikacija modela jednog hidropostrojenja. Osnovu za verifikaciju čine rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta rada hidroagregata R2 u RHE "Bajina Bašta" u primarnoj regulaciji učestanosti i snage razmene.

The vibratory transportation and technological process is a dynamically sensitive operation which includes physically different components: vibro-exciter, elastic system, working member (absolutely rigid or of finite rigidity) and various friable loads. Interaction of these components predetermines the behavior of the friable material on the surface of the working member (WM). At the same time, existing simple models or physical experiments cannot provide sufficient precision to adequately research the mentioned complex process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more precise mathematical model ensuring the study and revelation of the still hidden factors influencing the vibratory process. A new generalized dynamical spatial model of the loaded vibratory technologic machine (vibro-exciter, working member, load) developed on the basis of the systemic approach is presented in the work and a system of interconnected equations of movements of the constituent masses considering dyna...

This paper deals with the design of a temperature control process trainer interfaced with Siemens S7-1200 PLC and KTP-700 Basic HMI. The entire setup comprises a temperature control trainer having an on-off controller as well as a PID controller mounted onto the instrumentation panel, a voltage to current converter which converts from 0-10 V to 4-20 mA, a temperature to voltage converter based on the RTD PT-100 sensor, PLC-based PID controller and HMI (Human Machine Interface). Initially, the efficiency, robustness, speed and effectiveness of the process control system are demonstrated via experimental results which are then compared with the simulation results.

The quality of electric energy has currently become a widely discussed issue. The operation of appliances with nonlinear power consumption and with harmonic distorted current leads to voltage drops on network impedance, which in turn leads to power voltage distortion. To transform the distorted network voltage into harmonic voltage and thus improve the quality of electric energy, it is possible to use serial active power filters. SAPF can also be used as line conditioners. These devices are able to regulate supply voltage at the ends of a distribution grid, so that it meets the relevant standards. Line conditioners are also used in the increasingly widespread off grid systems. This paper deals with serial active power filter control. A new control method, called "comparative method", is presented. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated by measurement results, and compared with standard methods of active power filter control, such as the Butterworth filter method, or the Fast Fourier Transform based method.

The vibratory transportation and technological process is a dynamically sensitive operation which includes physically different components: vibro-exciter, elastic system, working member (absolutely rigid or of finite rigidity) and various friable loads. Interaction of these components predetermines the behavior of the friable material on the surface of the working member (WM). At the same time, existing simple models or physical experiments cannot provide sufficient precision to adequately research the mentioned complex process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more precise mathematical model ensuring the study and revelation of the still hidden factors influencing the vibratory process. A new generalized dynamical spatial model of the loaded vibratory technologic machine (vibro-exciter, working member, load) developed on the basis of the systemic approach is presented in the work and a system of interconnected equations of movements of the constituent masses considering dyna...

Vibrating conveyors tend to transfer dynamic forces to the ground. One way to vibroinsulate such systems from the environment is to use dynamic methods to eliminate vibrations. Due to this phenomenon, the forces transferred to the ground are reduced. This article attempts to identify important elements determining the design of an antiresonance-type conveyor. The study of dynamic phenomena was based on two models of such conveyors with two and six degrees of freedom (with the phenomenon of self-synchronization). In this work, the impacts of various types of suspension and the ratio of the body mass to the mass of the conveyor trough on forces transmitted to the ground are analysed.

In this paper, a novel multiphysics and nonlinear model for electromechanical relays is presented. The electromagnetic dynamics is analyzed by calculating the total reluctance of the magnetic equivalent circuit, which is composed of a fixed length iron core and an angular air gap. Magnetic saturation and angular dependency of the reluctance are considered in the analysis. Then, an energy balance over the electromagnetic components of the system is used to obtain the torque which drives the movable armature. A planar mechanism of four rigid bodies, including spring-damping torques that restrict the motion and model the contact bounces that occur in the switchings, is proposed to explain the dynamics of the movable components. Experimental tests show the accuracy of the model both in the electromagnetic and the mechanical parts.

The wiring diagrams, the vector groups and the clock hour figures of the vector group, are interesting aspects for designing, manufacturing and operating of, especially the power transformers. The achievement of a device for identifying the clock-hour figure for the three-phase transformer, built on the principles of oscilloscopic method and compensation method, represent the authors' contributions. The proposed solution leads to a major simplification of the oscilloscopic method, which, even if it bears the name used in the literature, does not use an oscilloscope, device considered expensive and complicated. This new approach leads to a higher precision of measurements, limiting the risk of errors, which can occur in case of small phase displacements.

It is not much possible for controllers such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and DCS (Distributed Control System) used in the industry to solve complex systems. On the contrary, Matlab/Simulink provides advantages with the solutions it offers in the complex systems. It is highly significant that PLCs have a real-time communication with Matlab to solve this kind of complex systems. For industrial automation, interoperability standard OPC (OLE for process control) plays the role of a bridge between Matlab/Simulink and PLC and enables data exchange between them.  On the other hand, Fuzzy Logic provides advantage in solving complex systems. There are two inputs in this research. Temperature and relative humidity data is transferred to Matlab/Simulink via OPC by PLCs. Based on the temperature and relative humidity felt depending on the temperature, the percentage of fan speed is calculated by using Fuzzy controller in Matlab/Simulink and transferred to PLC via OPC and the required...

Modelling of nonlinear dynamic response of a screen machine described by the nonlinear coupled differential equations and excited by the system of autoresonant control is presented. The displacement signal of the screen is fed to the screen excitation directly by means of positive feedback. Negative feedback is used to fix the level of screen amplitude response within the expected range. The screen is anticipated to vibrate with a parametric resonance and the excitation, stabilisation and control response of the system are studied in the stable mode. Autoresonant control is thoroughly investigated and output tracking is reported. The control developed provides the possibility of self-tuning and self-adaptation mechanisms that allow the screen machine to maintain a parametric resonant mode of oscillation under a wide range of uncertainty of mass and viscosity.

The article contains an overview of articles related to the description of control process visualization. It provides short information on how to visualize the production line based on two programming environments: Factory IO and Inventor together with Matlab/Simulink. The analysis of these two environments concerns control of a virtual 3D object from a real PLC. Both virtual production line projects are based on control from the S7-1214 DC/DC/DC controller. Currently, there is a need to validate the program code or control process which has been done using several commercially available programs.

Vibratory bowl feeders are the most versatile and widely used parts feeders in automated assembly. This work develops a mathematical model of a bowl feeder by using statespace methods to evaluate bowl feeder parameters. From the mathematical method, a computer simulation can predict the velocity of the parts in the bowl and subsequently the part feed rate. The simulation might be used to improve the design of vibratory bowl feeders.

The energy balance of a rotary kiln used for calcination of dolomite in a magnesium production company identified the kiln shell (26.35% of the input energy) and exhaust gases (18.95%) as the major sources of heat losses. To decrease the heat loss, a heat exchanger that forms an annular duct over the calcination zone of the kiln is used to preheat combustion air. The exchanger uses both the convective and radiant heat loss from the mantle, prevents overheating, does not require air tightness, and could be implemented over rotary kilns with the similar surface temperature distribution. A mathematical model that defines the geometry of the heat exchanger so as the heat transfer from the kiln to the combustion air to be equal to the heat dissipated from the bare kiln is presented. The exchanger decreases fuel consumption of the kiln for 12.00%, and increases its energy and exergy efficiency for 7.35% and 3.81%, respectively. To obtain a better performance the airflow and geometry of the exchanger should be arranged to achieve the smallest possible temperature difference between the kiln surface and the preheating air, whose amount should always be kept at the optimal value for the used fuel. In the thesis, the software that determines the continual geometry of the recuperator was developed for the case when low oxygen-enriched air is used for fuel combustion inside the kiln. The recuperator can not be implemented over the kiln when the combustion air is enriched with more than 24 vol% of oxygen. The air enrichment causes a slight increase in energy and exergy efficiencies of the kiln whether it uses or not the recuperator. Several systems that utilize the sensible heat of the kiln exhaust gases for: (i) central heating, (ii) combustion air preheating, (iii) central heating for the case when the kiln operates with the recuperator, and (iv) cogeneration with the organic Rankine cycle were analyzed. Among these systems, the cogeneration system is energetically, exergetically, and ecologically the most suitable solution.

A mathematical model of two-mass vibratory conveying system with electromagnetic vibratory actuator (EVA) and possible ways of their optimal control by using power converter is presented in this paper. Vibratory conveyors are commonly used in industry to carry a wide variety of particulate and granular materials. Application of electromagnetic vibratory drive combined with power converters provides flexibility during work. The use of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) implies a phase angle control, which is very easy, but with many disadvantages (fixed frequency which is imposed by ac mains supply, poor power factor, mechanical retuning, etc.). Switching converters overcomes these disadvantages. Only then, driving for EVA does not depend on mains frequency. As well as amplitude and duration of excitation force tuning, it is also possible to tune its frequency. Consequently, complicated mechanical tuning is eliminated and seeking resonant frequency is provided. Previously mentioned facts motivated phase angle control and switch mode control behavior research for electromagnetic vibratory drives. Simulation and experimental results and their comparisons are exposed in this paper. The simulation model and results are given in the program package PSPICE. Experimental results are recorded on implemented control systems for SCR and transistor power converters. Partial results concerning the resonant frequency seeking process with transistor converter are also exposed.

Vibratory feeders or vibratory conveyors have been widely used for the transport and orientation of individual parts and bulk materials in many branches of industrial activity. From the designer's standpoint, the current endeavor is to conceive efficient vibratory feeders, satisfying constraints of power consumption, vibration transmission and noise emission. Moreover, the interest in the reduction of maintenance cost is always present. In this context, this paper investigates experimentally the concept of vibratory conveying based on the use of piezoelectric materials for motion generation. A small-size prototype of a linear conveyor, in which lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) patches are bonded to the resilient elements, is described. One of the main design goals is that the prototype is intended to be fed directly from the electric network, aiming at avoiding the use of electronic equipment for driving. To comply with this feature and, at the same time, enable to adjust the transport velocity, a mechanical device has been conceived in such a way that the first natural frequency of the conveyor can be changed. It is shown that the transport velocity is determined by the proximity between the excitation frequency and the first natural frequency of the conveyor. The experimental tests performed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the prototype are described and the range of transport velocities is determined.

This work addresses the elastodynamic modeling of vibratory bowl feeders and its experimental verification. The bowl feeder mainly consists of a bowl connected to a base by three or four inclined leaf springs. The springs constrain the bowl so that its vertical displacement causes a coupled rotation around its vertical symmetry axis. The feeder is actuated by electromagnets, while rubber mounts are positioned under the base for reducing the vibration transmission to the floor. The developed model is a linear lumped-parameter model for the prediction of the dynamic behavior of bowl feeders. The model has been experimentally verified by means of modal analyses and operational accelerations. Model parameters, such as the stiffness and damping of rubber mounts, leaf spring stiffness and time-varying excitation, have been experimentally estimated. The proposed model can be used for the analysis of feeder dynamics and for evaluating the effects of changes in design and operational parameters in terms of bowl and base vibration and dynamic forces transmitted to the floor.

At the open pit "Bogutovo Selo"-Ugljevik, the coal mining is performed with a capacity of 1,750,000 tons annually of out-of-mine brown coal for the needs of the Thermal Power Plant "Ugljevik". Ash and slag are generated as product in operation of the power plant in the amounts of of 420,000 m 3 i 80,000 m 3 , respectively. These amounts have to be disposed in the area of the open pit "Bogutovo Selo". This paper presents a selection of transport system for ash and slag for the next period.

The use of biogas is a green technology with environmental benefits. Animal wastes can be used to produce biogas. They are processed in anaerobic digesters as a liquid or as a slurry mixed with water. This process can be used for production of biogas, which with another process can be transformed into electric power. That kind of power plant is called Biogas power plant. In this paper will be described the Biogas power plant built in s.Porodin, Republic of N. Macedonia, which was put into operation in 2016. It will be presented the basic project data and described during the construction of the same. The power plant is 3MW

The application of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) allows simulating the movement of a particle of any shape in a conveyor. The DEM method uses the assumptions of the Lagrange calculation model, in which each particle in the domain is tracked individually. It makes it possible to conduct a thorough examination of the behavior of the entire bulk material bed consisting of a set of elements with characteristic physicochemical properties. Therefore, the deposit is not considered according to averages and constants, e.g., strength values, but as a set of elements that can be described individually. The article presents the results of a simulation, with the use of the Discrete Elements Method (DEM), of the process of soft fruit transport in the food industry. The results of the research and exemplary simulations of blueberry fruit transport are presented. The influence of the type of a transport device on the values of normal and tangential forces occurring between the blueberry fruit ...

pepeo (engleski: boiler ash), čine čestice krupnije klase, koje se iz kotla izdvajaju zajedno sa dimnim gasovima, ali se na putu do elektrostatičkog filtera (EF) gravitaciono taloţe i izdvajaju ispod kanala dimnog gasa kod ekonomajzera i ispod zagrejača vazduha. *Elektrofilterski ili lebdeći pepeo (engleski: fly ash) je najsitnije klase. Njega čine fine čestice koje ostaju u suspenziji sa dimnim gasom. Ove čestice se sastoje najvećim delom od neorganskih, nesagorivih materija koje postoje u uglju, od kojih se deo tokom sagorevanja transformiše u amorfnu strukturu. *Uklanjanje najvećeg dela lebdećeg pepela iz dimnog gasa se najčešće vrši elektrostatičkom separacijom u elektrostatičkim izdvajačima (elektrostatičkim filtrima). NOVEMBAR 2016 Dr Ţeljko Despotović, dipl.el.inţ

Vibratory conveyors with electromagnetic excitation belong to a group of mechatronic devices that in an efficient way provides conveying bulk and particulate materials. They have an important role in the process industries such as: food processing, pharmaceutical industry, agriculture industry, etc., and represent a very important element of technological production line. Particularly, the vibratory conveyors that operate in the resonant mode are well used in industrial applications because of energy efficiency. The relatively small input energy causes high vibrations of load carry element (LCE). The intensity of the vibrations directly affects mass flow and therefore the productivity of vibratory conveyors. To ensure a reliable and energy-efficient operation of vibratory conveyors, it is necessary to have a reliable and accurate measurement of electrical and mechanical quantities. A hardware implementation of the measurement system and data acquisition platform is presented in the paper. The measuring experimental results obtained on a specific resonant vibratory conveyor are also shown.

The application, construction, and principle of operation of the torque motor having permanent magnets are presented first. Since dynamic behaviour of a servohydraulic system is, to a large extent, determined by dynamic behaviour of the applied torque motor, an analysis of motor’s dynamic behaviour is carried out and its dynamic transfer characteristic is determined. Finally, the simulation and experimental results of dynamic behaviour of the torque motor are presented.

Original scientific paper This paper presents the results of modeling, simulation and experimental research of the bulk material flow on the electromagnetic vibratory feeder (EVF). The model of the EVF was implemented in Simulink/Matlab and verified in the experimental research. It has been experimentally confirmed that the bulk material flow rate has its maximal value as far as excitation frequency is equal to the EVF mechanical resonant frequency. For certain bulk material flow rate, average value of excitation coil current of EVF has minimal value when named frequencies are equal. In addition to modeling of the EVF, the main contribution of this paper is implementation of flow control algorithm of bulk material on EVF, experimental verification of the adopted model and defines parameters that enable the selection of energy-efficient operating point of the EVF.

The vibratory conveyors with electromagnetic drive are used for performing gravimetric flow of granular materials in processing industry. By realizing free vibrations of variable intensity and frequency over a wide range through application of the electromagnetic actuator, suitable power converter, and the corresponding controller, continuous conveyance of granular materials have been provided for various operating conditions. Standard power output stages intended for control of vibratory conveyance using thyristors and triacs. Phase angle control can only accomplish tuning of amplitude oscillations, but oscillation frequency cannot be adjusted by these converters. Application of current controlled transistor converters enables accomplishing the amplitude and/or frequency control. Their use implies the excitation of a vibratory conveyor independent of the supply network frequency. In addition, the frequency control ensures operation in the region of mechanical resonance. Operation in this region is favourable from the energy point of view, since it requires minimal energy consumption. The paper presents a possible solution and advantages of the amplitude-frequency control of vibratory conveyors by means of a current controlled power converter.

A practically realized solution of a power supply for vibratory conveyor drives is presented. The solution is an improvement from the quality of electrical energy point of view. An analysis is given of the AC/DC converter used as the input active filter serving for reduction of the undesired higher harmonics of the input (network) current and improvement of the power factor. The experimental results are presented together with an analysis of the characteristic waveforms (oscilloscopic records of the network voltage and current) at steady state, obtained by the realized converter.

The vibratory feeders with electromagnetic excitation called electromagnetic vibratory feeders (EMVF) are commonly used for performing gravimetric flow of granular and particulate materials in processing industry. This drives offer easy and simple control the mass flow of conveying materials. In comparison with other drives (pneumatics, inertial, centrifugal, etc...), these have a more simple construction and they are compact, robust and reliable in operation. The absence of wearing mechanical part, such as gears, cams belts, bearings, eccentrics, etc., makes EMVF, most economical equipment. Standard power electronic output stages intended for control of theEMVF using SCR devices (thyristors and triacs). This implies phase angle control (PAC) and constant frequency of vibration. In this way control circuit must be synchronized to the mains supply frequency 50(60) Hz. PAC can only accomplish tuning amplitude of vibration, but not vibratory frequency. Application of transistor (IGBT or MOSFET) switch mode power converters enables accomplishing the amplitude and (or) frequency control of EMVF. Their use implies the excitation of an EMVF independent of the mains supply frequency. In addition, the frequency control ensures operation in the region of mechanical resonance. This operation is highly efficient, because large output displacement is provided by small input power. An optimal and efficient operation requires tracking of resonant frequency. This paper presents possible solution of the amplitudefrequency control of EMVF and corresponding simulation and experimental results.

The theme of scientific conference «IIZS 2014», covers the fields of industrial engineering, which are defined in the program of the conference, such as: Process technology, Engineering, Environmental protection, Health and safety, Manufacturing technology and materials, Machinery maintenance, Design and maintenance of process plants, Oil and gas industry, Basic operations, Machines and processes, Information technology and engineering education, Biotechnology, Reengineering and project management. The main goals of the conference can be indentified here: innovation and expansion of knowledge engineers in industry and environmental protection; support to researchers in presenting the actual results of research projects, establishing new contacts with leading national and international institutions and universities; popularization of the faculty and its leading role in our society and the immediate environment, in order to attract quality young population for studing at our faculty, ...

In present paper an electromagnetic elevator (conveying device) designed in Riga Technical University (Latvia) is described. Modelling of single-stage electromagnetic elevator in FEMM software is suggested. Analysis of electromagnetic field distribution created by multi-turn coil used as propulsion mean for conveying of ferromagnetic materials by electromagnetic field is presented. Use of different coil materials and coil dimensions is evaluated.

Abstract: The resonant electromagnetic vibratory conveying drives (EVCD) are often used to control of the gravimetric flow and dosing of particulate material. The realization of vibration with variable intensity and frequency in a wide range is achieved by means of suitable power converter and corresponding controller. The range of amplitude oscillation for most EVCD is 0.1mm-100mm, while the frequency range is 1Hz-100Hz. Today, as the standard output power stages are used thyristors and triacs. Their use implies the phase angle control (PAC). Since the power supply network is fixed frequency, with PAC is only possible to adjust amplitude oscillations of EVCD but not their frequency. With transistor power converter it is possible to achieve sinusoidal or triangular half-wave current of actuator and setting his force. The application of sinusoidal wave includes the current control with a relatively high switching frequency, while the generation of triangular wave is based on the prog...

Simulation modeloftwo-massvibratory conveying system(VCS)withelectromagnetic vibratory actuator (EVA)ispresented inthis paper. Themodelisset outonthebasis ofEVA andVCSconventional constructions, knowninpractice. Thesimulation modeliscreated onthe application programPSPICE.By useofthesimulation model, thereispresented ananalysis ofvibratory conveying systembehavior, whichisoperating inthestationary state conditions. Thisgenerated modelcanbe applied as an integral partofthesimulation circuits ofthepower converters withphaseandswitch modecontrol, fordriving vibratory actuator. 1w~~~~~~~~~~~la.t icit (d)

This paper studies the closed-loop control of an electromagnetic vibratory feeder (EVF). Two different linear design procedures have been employed: a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, and a model predictive control (MPC) controller. All derived results have been validated by computer simulation of a nonlinear mathematical model of the system. The results have proved that both controllers achieve a good tracking of the desired output in a selected operating point. In comparison to the PID controller, the MPC controller is more sensitive to disturbances in the form of changes in the mass of material being transported

Rapid development of large-scale SCADA systems for industrial applications puts a lot of stress on developers. Each SCADA system consists of a large number of objects unnecessary for communication and data manipulation. Low efficiency and high rate of human made mistakes rise call for automated solutions. This paper introduces application of an Object Generator that automates a way of pre-processing and importing of basic objects to the SCADA system. The Object Generator differs from other solutions by direct communication using APIs in runtime. It works with the Siemens products WinCC as a representative of the SCADA system and the TIA Portal as an integrated platform for control system development. The authors discuss motivation (within the context of maritime applications) and describe advantages and disadvantages of the presented concept. The main advantage of the promoted application is a decrease of human-made-mistakes in the process of linking process data to internals of the...

This paper deals with the analysis of dynamic behaviour of half-wave rectifiers and compares circuit solutions using standard operational amplifiers and current conveyors as active elements. The voltage and current sourcing principle and their influence to dynamic limits of diodes are given. Using the voltage or current biasing scheme, improvements in the dynamic performance of the diodes and rectifier are shown and discussed. The theoretical conclusions are supported by experimental results.