Vertical Linkages

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry. Domestic exporters increase productivity of their suppliers and, to a lesser extent, that of plants in the same sector.

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry. Domestic exporters increase productivity of their suppliers and, to a lesser extent, that of plants in the same sector.

This paper presents a laboratory experiment to investigate how urban costs might determine the internal structure of urban areas (monocentric or polycentric) by influencing location choices of firms and households. The experimental design is in part guided by a theoretical model that shows how the trade-off between communication costs faced by firms and commuting costs borne by workers determine the degree of cities' polycentricism by influencing the distribution of the workplaces within it. In the laboratory experiment, groups of 16 subjects participated in a two-step auction game, where firms and workers first negotiated to find a job contract and second where workers bid for land in order to find a home. The game is repeated for four rounds and different experimental treatments are implemented, each defining a given scenario for communication costs and commuting costs. The chosen benchmark is a polycentric city treatment, where no communication cost exists for firms, giving t...

This article uses Roger Mac Ginty's four-part model of Hybridity as a conceptual paradigm to reconsider the relative failure of the Liberal Peace Intervention (LPI) as a model of building peace in the Central African Republic (CAR). The article argues that the limited success of the LPI in the CAR is due to its strict adherence to internationalist, top-down, and exclusionary approaches. This, the article argues, eventually obscures local agency, reduces local stakeholder actors to irrelevance, and derails any prospect of ensuring cross-community reconciliation programs. Thus, we conclude that a more A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 inclusive approach, involving, participatory, locally-engineered and hybridized LPI-which enforces and brings in the utility of local actors, resources and practices-would be a more effective way of sidestepping the defective trappings of fundamentally "foreign" interventionist paradigms in the CAR.

Mental health issues are on the rise among early career researchers (ECRs), endangering the future of academia. Horizontal linkages among ECRs can play a role in building a reliable emotional support system. We offer four suggestions to overcome existing barriers and foster these linkages.

Knowledge transfer from multinational corporations to local suppliers in host developing countries have been shown to be substantial and a strong contributor to the competitive upgrading of firms in host economies. Using data provided by multinational subsidiaries, this paper compares the activities of multinationals in both Malaysia and Vietnam. Malaysia is considered because its experience with foreign direct investment is long-standing (compared to Vietnam) and useful recommendations can be drawn for Vietnam, allowing for the transition nature of the Vietnamese economy. The objectives of the paper are twofold: to demonstrate the potential for knowledge transfer between multinationals and their suppliers in both Malaysia and Vietnam; and to build upon this discussion to suggest avenues for Vietnam to maximise beneficial linkages from MNEs.

Phân tích hoạt động thị trường của các tác nhân trong chuỗi giá trị artichoke ở Đà Lạt dựa trên cách tiếp cận chuỗi giá trị của Kaplinsky và Morris (2001), GTZ ValueLinks (2011) và M4P (2007). Đề tài sử dụng phương pháp chọn mẫu phi xác suất cùng với các công cụ khác như: Đánh giá nông thôn có sự tham gia (PRA), tham vấn chuyên gia (KIP) và phỏng vấn trực tiếp từng tác nhân trong chuỗi giá trị artichoke tại Đà Lạt. Số liệu của đề tài được thu thập từ 60 nông dân, 12 thương lái, 06 cơ sở chế biến/công ty, 20 người bán lẻ và 07 chuyên gia/những người có am
hiểu về sản xuất và tiêu thụ artichoke. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục tiêu: Phân tích hoạt động thị trường của các tác nhân tham gia chuỗi giá trị artichoke ở Đà Lạt. Kết quả cho thấy giá trị gia tăng và giá trị gia tăng thuần mà nông dân tạo ra thấp, chỉ cao hơn thương lái, trong khi đó cơ sở chế biến và công ty lại tạo ra giá trị gia tăng cao nhất, còn người bán lẻ luôn nhận được giá trị gia tăng thuần cao nhất.
Analysis of market activities of actors in the artichoke value chain in Da Lat based on approaches of Kaplinsky and Morris (2001), GTZ (2011) and M4P (2007). Non-probability sampling and other tools such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach, key informant panel method (KIP) and direct interviews with the actors in the artichoke value chain in Da Lat (included 60 farmers, 12 traders, 06 processing companies, 20 retailers and 07 key informants) was used to collect as primary data. The aim of this study is to analyze activities of market actors in the artichoke value chain. The results show that the added value and net added value were low and higher than traders. While processing companies created the hightest added value and retailers had hightest net added value.

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry. Domestic exporters increase productivity of their suppliers and, to a lesser extent, that of plants in the same sector.

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry. Domestic exporters increase productivity of their suppliers and, to a lesser extent, that of plants in the same sector.

Vertical supply chain linkages between foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms are important mechanisms for knowledge spillovers, contributing to the economic development of host economies. This paper argues that subsidiary roles and technological competences affect the extent of vertical linkages as such as well as their potential for technological spillovers. Using survey evidence from 424 foreign subsidiaries based in transition economies, we tested for the effect of subsidiaries' autonomy, initiative, technological capability, internal and external technological embeddedness on the extent and intensity of forward and backward vertical linkages. The evidence supports our main argument that the potential of technology diffusion via vertical linkages depends on the nature of subsidiary roles. We discuss the implications for transition as well as other developing countries.

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry. Domestic exporters increase productivity of their suppliers and, to a lesser extent, that of plants in the same sector.

This article uses Roger Mac Ginty's four-part model of Hybridity as a conceptual paradigm to reconsider the relative failure of the Liberal Peace Intervention (LPI) as a model of building peace in the Central African Republic (CAR). The article argues that the limited success of the LPI in the CAR is due to its strict adherence to internationalist, top-down, and exclusionary approaches. This, the article argues, eventually obscures local agency, reduces local stakeholder actors to irrelevance, and derails any prospect of ensuring cross-community reconciliation programs. Thus, we conclude that a more A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 inclusive approach, involving, participatory, locally-engineered and hybridized LPI-which enforces and brings in the utility of local actors, resources and practices-would be a more effective way of sidestepping the defective trappings of fundamentally "foreign" interventionist paradigms in the CAR.

In this paper we study how the relations between the industry and more and more specialized services firms can explain the rise of suburban industrial clusters. We build an urban economics model with two vertically linked sectors. The vertical disintegration liberates the location choice of the industry and the services. Then, the industry clusters that need more land may leave the center (what characterizes the modern city). When the industry is higherly linked to the services it agglomerates around the CBD (what characterizes the post-modern city).

Social cohesion has increasingly been touted as a tool of peacebuilding. Theoretically, the concept is linked with efforts to address inequality and build social capital. Practically, social cohesion is bandied about in settings such as the Central African Republic (CAR) as an important objective for building sustainable peace. We argue that peacebuilding scholars focus more on social cohesion as an end goal than they do on the policy-making and implementation aspects of the concept. After reviewing two key social cohesion initiatives in CAR, we find practitioners equally remiss in thinking about process. Also, both communities involved in the initiatives face challenges in grasping the complexity of the horizontal and vertical linkages that sustain conflict and which need to be restructured to build social cohesion. The paper documents these shortcomings and suggests tentative ways forward.

social cohesion, peacebuilding, Central African Republic, state–society relations, inequality, vertical linkages, horizontal linkages,