Thermophysical Properties

NUMerical simulation techniques are used to study the effects of non condensible gases (C02) on geothermal reservoir behavior in the natural state and during exploitation. It is shown that the presence of C02 has large effects on the thermodynamic conditions of a reservoir in the natural state, especially on temperature distributions and phase compositions. The gas will expand two-phase zones and increase gas saturations to enable flow of C02 through the system. During exploitation, the early pressure drop is primarily d~e to "degassing" of the system. This precess can cause a very rapid initial pressure drop, on the order of tens of bars, depending upon the in~tial partial pressure of C02' The flowing gas content from wells can provide information on in-place gas saturations and relative permeability curves that apply at a given geothermal resource. Site-specific studies are made for the gas-rich two-phase reservoir at the Ohaaki geothermal field in New Zealand. A simple lumped-parameter model and a vertical column model are applied to the field data. The results obtained agree well with the natural thermodynamic state of the Ohaaki field (pressure and temperature profiles) and a partial pressure of 15-25 bars is calculated in the primary reservoirs. The models also agree reasonably well with field data obtained during exploitation of the field. The treatment of thermophysical properties of H20-C02 mixtures for different phase compositions is summarized.

With the continuous miniaturization of micro-devices and the rapid advancement of novel nanomaterials, thermal characterization techniques tailored for two-dimensional (2D) structures (films and coatings) and one-dimensional (1D) architectures (wires and fibers) have become essential for elucidating structure-property relationships and optimizing material performance. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Transient Electro-Thermal (TET) technique, a recently developed method for measuring the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of 1D and 2D materials, including dielectric, metallic, and semiconductive films, coatings, and wires/fibers. We discuss the fundamental principles of TET operation, the associated physical and mathematical models for data reduction, and critical methodologies for data fitting, uncertainty analysis, and stray heat transfer mitigation to ensure high repeatability and accuracy. In addition, the latest developments and applications of TET are highlighted, including its extension to atomic-scale thickness, in-situ dynamic thermal property measurements during structural evolution, and the zero-temperature-rise limit method. The outstanding agreement (within ~0.6%) between the measured and reference thermal diffusivity of a Pt wire, validated through extensive experiments and zero-temperature-rise extrapolation, demonstrates the robustness and reliability of the TET technique. Owing to its simplicity in principles, experimental implementation, and data analysis, TET offers significant advantages in uncertainty control, measurement accuracy, and throughput.

One of the high-performance technologies for the serial production of small-sized metal and ceramic complex-profile parts is powder injection molding (PIM). The most industrially demanded types of polymer binder in PIM technology are polyoxymethylene-based compositions and wax-polyolefin mixtures. Despite the large number of studies devoted to different compositions of polymer binder for PIM technology, the actual task is still a comparative analysis of the properties of different binder types to determine their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the optimization of the used compositions. In this regard, this study aims at a comparative analysis of the thermophysical properties of the most demanded feedstocks with binder based on polyoxymethylene and wax-polyolefin mixtures under the condition of using identical steel powder filler. The specific heat capacity, temperatures, and heat of phase transitions, as well as the thermal inertia and effective thermal conductivity of the compared types of feedstocks, were determined as a result of the calculation-experimental study. The obtained data can replenish the knowledge bases necessary for simulation modeling and optimizing powder molding processes of various products made of 42CrMo4 steel. As a result of a comparative analysis of the thermophysical properties of feedstocks with identical powders, the kinetic effects in the thermal processes of forming feedstocks with polyoxymethylene are less significant than those in analogs with wax-polyolefin binder, which facilitates their moldability. Thus, the feedstock with polyoxymethylene has a significantly higher rate of temperature field leveling than the analogs with wax-polyolefin binder. Because of the insignificant difference in specific heat capacity, feedstocks based on polyoxymethylene have 1.5 times higher effective thermal conductivity and approximately 20% higher thermal inertia than feedstocks with identical powder filler and binder in the form of a wax-polyolefin mixture. The technological advantages of feedstocks with a wax-polyolefin binder include the possibility of processing at lower temperatures.

One of the primary types of sensible heat storage systems in drying applications is the packed rock bed. However, to create large-scale heat storage systems for industrial use, one must comprehend the hydrodynamic and effectiveness of the heat transport mechanism inside the bed. In this study, the thermal storage unit uses river rock as heat storage materials with equivalent K E Y W O R D S charging, discharging, mass flow rate, pressure drop, rock bed thermal storage

Ca urmare a regulamentului internaţional privind reducerea utilizării de substanţe care duc la diminuarea stratului de ozon şi a gazelor cu efect de seră, sunt căutate noi soluţii pentru a înlocui aceste fluide. Una din aceste soluţii este utilizarea buclelor de răcire secundare care folosesc fluide refrigerente difazice pentru transportul frigului. Cu scopul de a studia comportamentul termofluidic al acestor fluide, este primordial să se cunoască proprietăţile termofizice. Acest articol prezintă nivelul de cunostinţe privind corelările de calcul ale proprietăţilor termofizice ale fluidelor refrigerente difazice. Following the international regulations concerning the reduction of the use of ozone-depletion substances and gases with greenhouse effect, new solutions to replace this type of fluids are searched. One of these solutions is the use of the secondary cooling loops, which utilize a two-phase secondary refrigerant for the transport of cold. In order to study the thermohydraulic behaviour of these fluids is essential to know their thermophysical properties. This paper presents the state of knowledge related to the correlations used for thermophysical properties calculation of the two-phase secondary refrigerants. Suite aux réglementations internationales concernant la réduction de l'utilisation des substances appauvrissant la couche d'ozone et les gaz à effet de serre, on cherche des solutions pour remplacer ce type de fluides. Une de ces solutions est l'utilisation des boucles de refroidissement secondaires qui utilisent des fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques pour le transport de froid. Afin d'étudier le comportement thermohydraulique de ces fluides est primordial de connaître leur propriétés thermophysiques. Ce papier présente l'état des connaissances sur les corrélations de calcul des propriétés thermophysiques des fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques.

From the development of sour reserves and acid gas injection into oil reservoirs to the impact of hydrogen sulfide in CCS scheme, knowledge of the phase behaviour and thermophysical properties of the hydrogen sulfide + carbon dioxide is essential. Due to the toxicity of CO 2 -H 2 S system, there are few experimental data available in the literature. The aim of this work is to investigate the densities and thermodynamic properties of acid gases and liquids. Densities of the 95.05 mol% CO 2 + 4.95 mol% H 2 S binary system were measured continuously using a high temperature and pressure Vibrating Tube Densitometer (VTD), Anton Paar DMA 512 at pressures up to 41 MPa at five different temperatures, 273, 283, 298, 323 and 353 K in gas, liquid and supercritical regions. The specific heat capacity, compressibility factor, dew point and bubble point of the system have also been derived from the measured density data. The experimental data then were employed to evaluate the GERG-2008 equations of state and classical cubic equations of state (PR, SRK and VPT) with a CO 2 volume correction model as well as volume translation.

This study investigated the influence of silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement content on the thermophysical properties of aluminium-based metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs). Different Al-MMCs with SiC contents ranging from 0 to 30 mass/% were produced by stir casting to gather relevant data for the material database of brake rotor casting simulations. The thermal diffusivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and specific heat capacity were measured from room temperature to 500 °C to calculate the thermal conductivity of the composites. The results showed that the amount and distribution of SiC particles significantly influenced the performance of the composites, with the interface between the metal and ceramic playing a crucial role in their thermal behaviour. The experimental data aligned well with the predicted values when considering property variations. This study highlights the potential of Al-MMCs to replace traditional materials in applications requiring thermal management, wear resistance, and durability, such as brake discs in internal combustion engines and electric vehicles. These findings provide valuable data for the material database utilised in thermal management and casting simulations where Al-MMC components are employed, such as automotive brake-rotor-casting simulations, and contribute to sustainable and efficient mobility solution development.

In this report, a survey is presented about state-ofthe-art thermophysical property measurements of liquid metallic alloys at high temperatures. Methods for measuring both caloric quantities, like specific heat and thermal conductivity, and thermophysical properties, like density, surface tension and viscosity, are described in detail. Measurement techniques discussed include container-based as well as containerless techniques. Strengths and potential pitfalls in applying these methods are pointed Out and recommendations for bestpractice are given.

In this paper the proposal for the study of the second sound in medium is presented. The master equation is derived and its solution is obtained, The properties of alloys with very long relaxation times , as the examples for the proposed study are discussed

Ultrasonic properties of two platinum group metals, osmium and ruthenium, are presented for use in characterisation of their materials. The angle-dependent ultrasonic velocity has been computed for the determination of anisotropic behaviour of these metals. For the evaluation of ultrasonic velocity, attenuation and acoustic coupling constants, the higher-order elastic constants of Os and Ru have been calculated using the Lennard-Jones

An analysis of the relationships for calculating the thermal properties of liquid lead (hereinafter referred to as lead) was carried out, and the method for determining its heat capacity over a wide range of temperatures, including at high values, was chosen. This is especially important for numerical studies to justify the safety of designed reactor installations with liquid metal coolants, such as BREST-OD-300 and BR-1200. Measuring the properties of lead at temperatures close to the boiling point is often difficult due to the lack of reliable methods and materials that can withstand temperatures above 2273 K. At present, theoretical approaches to calculating the properties of simple liquids based on phonon theory are being actively developed. Such approaches can be used to derive semiempirical relations for the heat capacity of liquid lead that would allow physically correct extrapolation of the data to the high-temperature region. In this regard, the aim of this work is to obtain a relationship for calculating the heat capacity of liquid lead from its melting point to its boiling point based on modern theoretical approaches. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved. Firstly, an analysis of the works of various authors was carried out and empirical formulas were selected that make it possible to reliably calculate the heat capacity at a constant volume c v (isochoric heat capacity) for a lead coolant from the melting point to 1500 K. Secondly, based on them, using phonon theory, an approximating formula was constructed, thanks to which it is possible to physically correctly extrapolate the properties of lead to the boiling point (2022 K).

New correlations for the thermophysical properties of fluid methane are presented. The correlations are based on a critical evaluation of the available experimental data and have been developed to represent these data over a broad range of the state variables. Estimates for the accuracy of the equations and comparisons with measured properties are given. The reasons for this new study of methane include significant new and more accurate data, and improvements in the correlation functions which allow increased accuracy of the correlations especially in the extended critical region. For the thermodynamic properties, a classical equation for the molar Helmholtz energy, which contains terms multiplied by the exponential of the quadratic and quartic powers of the system density, is used. The resulting equation of state is accurate from about 91 to 600 K for pressures <100 MPa and was developed by considering PVT, second virial coefficient, heat capacity, and sound speed data. Tables o...

A continuous wave COj laser with a defocused beam has been employed to seal the surface layer of plasma-sprayed of 8wt. % yttria-stabilised zirconia coatings on AISI 1045 steel substrate. The effect of lasef remelting on microstructure and corrosion resistance of plasma-sprayed layer was investigated. The microstructure of the sealed layer presented a cellular structure which grows perpendicular to the surface. The micrographs have shown small cracks and absence of porosity. The corrosion resistance was analysed by the EIS and polarisation tests by using a 3 % NaCl solution. Laser sealing improved the corrosion resistance of the coating and increased the microhardness. Laser surface treatment. Corrosion resistance. Yttria-stabilised zirconia. Plasma-sprayed. Tratamiento superficial por láser de recubrimientos por proyección por plasma de Zr02 8 % Y2O3 Un equipo láser continuo de CO2, con potencia nominal de 1 kW, se utilizó para sellar la superficie revestida con ZrOj 8 % Y2O3 por proyección por plasma sobre un substrato de acero AISl 1045. Se investigaron los efectos del tratamiento de fusión con láser sobre la microestrutura y la resistencia a la corrosión del recubrimiento. La resistencia a la corrosión se analizó por medidas electroquímicas en una solución de NaCl al 3 %. Las micrografias mostraron que la superficie del revestimiento presentó varias grietas pequeñas, sin embargo, no fueron observados poros. La microestructura de la capa sellada presentó una estructura en forma de columnas con crecimiento perpendicular a la superficie libre. El sellado a láser mejora la resistencia a la corrosión de los recubrimientos y aumenta la microdureza. Tratamiento superficial por láser. Zirconia estabilizada con itrio. Proyección por plasma. Resistencia a la corrosión.

A multiproperty approach for the evaluation of the existing three-patameter correspt>nding states principlei:. (CSP) and caku.latlon of the corresponding states patameter is presented. This tephnique is based on the assumption that contribu tion of the third parameter to the thermopbysical properties is rouch smaUer than the contributions of tbe fi"l'st two parameters. The: fir5t two paramc:tc:r� are, generally, the molecular energy ;ii:i,d length parameters, E/k and u (or critical temperature and volume, Tc and V�). Based on the present multiproperty technique, several e:x.isting three-parameter CSPs are evaluated, It is demoi:istrat=d that the three-s parameter CSP, which is bll.sed on the two-and three-body intennolecullU potential parameters, effectively satisfies the requirements of this technique, The �orrcsponding states parameter,; of several compounds, including normal alkanc hydrocarbons (CH 4 to C:zoH 42 ), fot which proper therrnophysical data are available, are calculated through the present technique, and they a.re reported here.

We present a finite element method for the simulation of all relevant processes of the evaporation of a liquid droplet suspended in an acoustic levitation device. The mathematical model and the numerical implementation take into account heat and mass transfer across the interface between the liquid and gaseous phase and the influence of acoustic streaming on this process, as well as the displacement and deformation of the droplet due to acoustic radiation pressure. We apply this numerical method to several theoretical and experimental examples and compare our results with the well-known d 2 -law for the evaporation of spherical droplets and with theoretical predictions for the acoustic streaming velocity. We study the influence of acoustic streaming on the distribution of water vapor and temperature in the levitation device, with special attention to the vapor distribution in the emerging toroidal vortices. We also compare the evaporation rate of a droplet with and without acoustic streaming, as well as the evaporation rates in dependence of different temperatures and sound pressure levels. Finally, a simple model of protein inactivation due to heat damage is considered and studied for different evaporation settings and their respective influence on protein damage.

Large quantities of waste newspapers and sugarcane bagasse are prevalently discarded by open burning or indiscriminate dumping, thereby posing severe danger to the environment and public health. This study sought to examine the feasibility of managing the wastes by recycling them into value-added products for building construction. Composite panels were fabricated using waste newspaper paste (WNP) with sugarcane bagasse particles (SBP) varied at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % by weight of the composite mix. Epoxy resin was thoroughly mixed with its hardener and applied as binder. The samples were developed in triplicates per proportion of the SBP adopted and then dried completely before their thermophysical and strength properties were evaluated. It was observed that variations in mean values of water absorption (28.57 – 39.43 %), thickness swelling (6.21 - 8.33 %), specific heat capacity (1232 - 1312Jkg−1K−1) trended positively with increasing proportions of the SBP. Whereas nailability ...

Background Specific heat capacity is one of the prominent and deciding factors for selection of thermal insulation materials in thermal engineering. In recent times, there has been a great advancement in the manufacturing of a variety of advanced materials in order to meet the modern needs for thermal insulation. Unfortunately, certain drawbacks like high cost of procurement, low accuracy, and limited suitability are associated with the current device that can be used to probe the specific heat capacities of thermal insulators. Thus, there is need to devise a means of addressing the situation. A device, named SEUR’s apparatus, was designed, constructed, and used to determine specific heat capacities of some thermal insulators. Measurements were taken on 2 days, and KD2-pro meter was employed to obtain reference values. Results The percentage error values in the specific heat capacity of plastic (solid), asbestos, and paperboard were found to be 0.09%, 0.14%, and 0.13% for day 1 meas...

This work sought to assess the suitability of using boards produced with plaster of Paris (P.O.P) and various weight proportions of groundnut seed coat (GSC) as well as P.O.P and similar proportions of waste newspaper paste (WNP) as ceiling in building design. The results obtained from the investigation of thermal and mechanical properties of the fabricated boards revealed that with the use of GSC as filler, the samples were of higher mean values of specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity, but lower mean values of bulk density, thermal diffusivity, percentage water absorption, flaking concentration and flexural strength when compared to the samples with similar proportions of WNP as filler content. Also, the sample with 13.8% content of GSC and the one containing 22.5% of WNP were found to exhibit an impressive performance. Generally, it was observed that the samples filled with either GSC or WNP were lighter than pure P.O.P samples and the recorded values for all the measured properties favoured them for use as ceiling material in buildings. It is noteworthy that the proportion of the filler can be adjusted for optimum performance of such environmentally-friendly and cost-effective ceilings. Utilizing groundnut seed coat and waste newspapers as filler materials in fabrication of P.O.P ceiling can help to reduce environment pollution level, ensure better thermal insulation of buildings and solve the lingering problem of high cost of using P.O.P or other conventional materials as ceiling in buildings by the end-users.

Three bands of cement with different trade names, Dangote, UNICEM, and Eagle cement were separately molded into cement-sand blocks at different proportions of cement sand ratio of 2:3, 3:7 and 1:4 by weight for each of the cement brand were prepared and allowed to cure. We exposed the blocks to gamma radiation for the determination of attenuation coefficient, half thickness, and mass absorption coefficient. We also determined density values for the blocks. The results for the cement samples show that the higher the cement content in the cement sand block, the higher the density value and the gamma attenuation coefficient, suggesting that cement sand block with a high proportion of cement content makes for a good shielding in gamma radiation exposed environment, Gamma radiation attenuation the method can equally be a useful technique for cement sand block quality control in building construction industry.

This article presents the results of casting and spiral fluidity in a AI-7 wt% Si alloy reinforced with 10, 15, and 20 vol% SiC particles in permanent molds. The fluidity of the AI-SiC slurry increases linearly with temperature up to about 760 ~ Above this temperature, the casting fluidity of the AI-SiC particle slurry does not change significantly with an increase in temperature. In several cases, the fluidity decreased at temperatures above 760 ~ The fluidity of Al-SiC melts containing 9-~tm SiC particles decreased with an increase in volume percentage of SiC up to 15 vol% (the range studied), presumably due to an increase in the viscosity of the melt with increasing volume percentage of dispersoid and changes in thermophysical properties of the composite. However, the fluidity of AI-20 vol% SiC of 14-~tm particle size is higher than the fluidity of Al-15 vol% SiC 9-~tm particles, indicating the role of particle size and surface area in decreasing fluidity. Composite slurries travel farther in a channel of larger cross sections compared to channels of smaller cross sections under similar conditions. Casting fluidity increases linearly with an increase in cross section of the channel. A model has been proposed to calculate the values of fluidity of the composite as a function of particle volume percent, superheat, flow velocity of the melt, and the cross section of the flow channel. Experimental observations have been compared with the predictions of the model, and some deviations have been attributed to settling and segregation of SiC particles observed through microstructural examination.

Thermal properties, including melting temperature, latent heat of melting, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of a low-melting In–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy were investigated in this work. The In–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy with nominal composition 52.7In-44.9Sn-2.4Zn (at.%) was prepared by the melting of pure metals under an argon atmosphere. The conducted assessment consisted of both theoretical and experimental approaches. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the measurement of melting temperature and latent heat, and the obtained results were compared with the results of thermodynamic calculations. The measured melting temperature and the latent heat of melting for the In–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy are 106.5±0.1 °C and 28.3±0.1 Jg-1, respectively. Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the In–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy were studied by the xenon-flash method. The determined thermal conductivity of the investigated eutectic alloy at 25 °C is 42.2±3.4 Wm-1K-1. Apart f...

This paper continues the process of reconciling results obtained when investigating heat transfer in the supercritical liquid-vapour region inherent in stationary and fast processes. A relatively simple model of non-stationary heat transfer at the microscopic level in a non-idealised system is constructed. The model provides a possible explanation for the increase in the thermal resistance of a supercritical fluid (drop in heat conduction) at a not too great distance from the critical isobar on a scale of small characteristic times and sizes. The model is based on an explicit account of a significant decrease in thermal diffusivity when approaching the critical temperature of the substance. The simulation results are compared with experimental data on the rapid (lasting in units-tens of milliseconds) transfer of a compressed liquid to the supercritical temperature region along a supercritical isobar.

Refractive index and speeds of sound for the binary mixture of isomer of butanol (1) + cyclohexane, benzene and toluene (2) were measured at 308.15 K. The measured data were used to calculate deviation in refractive index Δn, ultrasonic speed Δu, isentropic compressibility K s E , available volume V a , excess intermolecular free length L f and molecular association M A . All the derived properties were correlated with polynomial equation. Ultrasonic speed data were predicted using various empirical correlations like Nomoto, van Dael, impedance dependence and theoretically with Schaaff's collision factor theory (CFT). Jacobson free length theory (FLT) was used to calculate L f . The measured refractive index was also correlated with various mixing rules. The deviation in refractive index Δn and ultrasonic speed Δu was used to determine the intermolecular interactions.

Refractive index and speeds of sound for the binary mixture of isomer of butanol (1) + cyclohexane, benzene and toluene (2) were measured at 308.15 K. The measured data were used to calculate deviation in refractive index Δn, ultrasonic speed Δu, isentropic compressibility KsE, available volume Va, excess intermolecular free length Lf and molecular association MA. All the derived properties were correlated with polynomial equation. Ultrasonic speed data were predicted using various empirical correlations like Nomoto, van Dael, impedance dependence and theoretically with Schaaff’s collision factor theory (CFT). Jacobson free length theory (FLT) was used to calculate Lf. The measured refractive index was also correlated with various mixing rules. The deviation in refractive index Δn and ultrasonic speed Δu was used to determine the intermolecular interactions.

Densities and viscosities have been measured for the binary mixtures of methanol with chlorobenzene and with bromobenzene from 293 K to 313 K over the complete composition range. Densities were used to compute the excess molar volume (V E m ), for these binary systems. The results have been discussed in terms of molecular interactions. Furthermore, viscosity results were compared with a corresponding-states model. The average absolute deviation was found to be 1.9 %.

The phrase "Subject to" is a general term and has been defined 102 times at different places in the Constitution. It has been used with the words "Constitution," "law," and "Constitution and law" at various places in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. "Subject to the Constitution," "Subject to the Constitution and law," and "Subject to law" are the most frequently used phrases. Although the phrase seems very simple, it carries a deep legal sense and understanding. The term "Subject to" subordinates one provision to another and gives overriding effect to the provision it refers to. It is also used to resolve inconsistency or conflict between two provisions. It signifies the supremacy of the provision to which it is subject.

MHz) of salsa con queso and its vegetable ingredients on temperature were developed. The results showed that the dielectric constant decreased with an increase in temperature and the dielectric loss factor increased with an increase in temperature.

Closed loop pulsating heat pipes (CLPHPs) are complex heat transfer devices having a strong thermohydrodynamic coupling governing the thermal performance. In this paper, a wide range of pulsating heat pipes is experimentally studied thereby providing vital information on the parameter dependency of their thermal performance. The influence characterization has been done for the variation of internal diameter, number of turns, working fluid and inclination angle (from vertical bottom heat mode to horizontal orientation mode) of the device. CLPHPs are made of copper tubes of internal diameters 2.0 and 1.0 mm, heated by constant temperature water bath and cooled by constant temperature water-ethylene glycol mixture (50% each by volume). The number of turns in the evaporator is varied from 5 to 23. The working fluids employed are water, ethanol and R-123. The results indicate a strong influence of gravity and number of turns on the performance. The thermophysical properties of working fluids affect the performance which also strongly depends on the boundary conditions of PHP operation. Part B of this paper, which deals with development of semi-empirical correlations to fit the data reported here coupled with some critical visualization results, will appear separately.

An analytical 2D study, based on the method of integral transform, for transient heat transfer in a multilayered structure, and an optical technique for transient A0 temperature measurement have been developed. Their R0 application to the case of Joule heating of micrometric Rc interconnections on submicron insulation layers permits t one to identify thermophysical properties of the materials involved.

This paper reviews the research and development work on 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB), and TATB-based formulations of other explosives. Syntheses including the production of nano-sized particles, analytical methods, thermophysical properties, performance, formulations, toxicity and safety of TATB are reviewed in this work.

Context. The shapes of only 12 trans-Neptunian objects have been directly measured, offering crucial insights into their internal structure. These properties are strongly connected to the processes that shaped the early Solar System, and provide important clues about its evolution. Aims. The aim of the present work is to characterise the size, shape, geometric albedo, and beaming parameter of the TNO (470316) 2007 OC10. We compared these values to the effective diameter and geometric albedo obtained from thermal data by the TNOs are Cool survey. We also combined occultation and thermal data to constrain the size of a putative unresolved satellite. Methods. We predicted an occultation of the star Gaia DR3 2727866328215869952 by 2007 OC10 on 2022 August 22. Four stations detected the occultation. We implemented an elliptical shape model for the projection of 2007 OC10. Following a Bayesian approach, we obtained the posterior probability density in the model parameter space using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Results. The elliptical limb of 2007 OC10 has semi-axes of 215 +10-7 × 141 +24-23 km, and thus the projected axis ratio is b/a = 0.58 +0.16-0.16. The areaequivalent diameter is 330 +56-55 km. From our own absolute magnitude value of H V = 5.40 ± 0.02, the geometric albedo is p V = 11.2 +2.1-5.0 %. Combining the occultation results with thermal data, we constrain the beaming parameter to η = 1.42 +0.75-0.58. Occultation data reveal that the star is double. The secondary star has a position angle with respect to the primary of 56 +3-17 degrees, has an angular separation of 57 +4-11 mas, and is 1.18 +0.07-0.07 magnitudes fainter than the primary.

The submitted manuscript has been created by the University of Chicago as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (AArgonne@) under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up ...

³ÑAEÇÓÉÂÐËÇ 1. £ÄÇAEÇÐËÇ (409). 2. ªÊÎÖÚÇÐËÇ ÒÑÅÓÂÐËÚÐÑÅÑ ÔÎÑâ (412). 3. ´ÇÑÓËâ ÒÑÅÓÂÐËÚÐÑÅÑ ÔÎÑâ (415). 4. ¯ÂÃÎáAEÇÐËâ ËÊÎÖÚÇÐËâ ÒÑÅÓÂÐËÚÐÑÅÑ ÔÎÑâ Ä ÅÂÎÂÍÕËÚÇÔÍËØ ÓÇÐÕ-ÅÇÐÑÄÔÍËØ AEÄÑÌÐÞØ ÊÄÈÊAEÐÞØ ÔËÔÕÇÏÂØ (419). 5. ©ÂÍÎáÚÇÐËÇ (421). ³ÒËÔÑÍ ÎËÕÇÓÂÕÖÓÞ (421).

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

The cross second virial coefficient and the dilute gas shear viscosity, thermal conductivity, and binary diffusion coefficient have been calculated for (CH 4 + CO 2 ), (CH 4 + H 2 S), and (H 2 S + CO 2 ) mixtures in the temperature range from (150 to 1200) K. The cross second virial coefficient was obtained using the Mayer-sampling Monte Carlo approach, while the transport properties were evaluated by means of the classical trajectory method. State-of-the-art intermolecular potential energy surfaces for the like and unlike species interactions were employed in the calculations. All potential energy surfaces are based on highly accurate quantum-chemical ab initio calculations, with the potentials for the unlike interactions reported in this work and those for the like interactions taken from our previous studies of the pure gases. The computed transport property values are in good agreement with the few available experimental data, which are limited to (CH 4 + CO 2 ) mixtures close to room temperature. The lack of reliable data makes the values of the thermophysical properties calculated in this work currently the most accurate estimates for lowdensity (CH 4 + CO 2 ), (CH 4 + H 2 S), and (H 2 S + CO 2 ) mixtures. Tables of recommended values for all investigated thermophysical properties as a function of temperature and composition are provided.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Main modeling challenges for vacuum arc remelting (VAR) are briefly highlighted concerning various involving phenomena during the process such as formation and movement of cathode spots on the surface of electrode, the vacuum plasma, side-arcing, the thermal radiation in the vacuum region, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the molten pool, melting of the electrode, and solidification of the ingot. A numerical model is proposed to investigate the influence of several decisive parameters such as arc mode (diffusive or constricted), amount of side-arcing, and gas cooling of shrinkage gap at mold-ingot interface on the solidification behavior of a Titanium-based (Ti-6Al-4V) VAR ingot. The electromagnetic and thermal fields are solved in the entire system including the electrode, vacuum plasma, ingot, and mold. The flow field in the molten pool and the solidification pool profile are computed. The depth of molten pool decreases as the radius of arc increases. With the decreasing amount of side-arcing, the depth of the molten pool increases. Furthermore, gas cooling fairly improves the internal quality of ingot (shallow pool depth) without affecting hydrodynamics in the molten pool. Modeling results are validated against an experiment.

India's governance framework is often shaped by the enduring friction between its judiciary and legislature. Despite the constitutional doctrine of separation of powers, practical governance is marked by overlapping roles and frequent confrontations. The judiciary, charged with upholding constitutional supremacy and interpreting laws, frequently clashes with the legislature, which drives the policymaking process. This paper examines notable instances of this institutional friction, analyzing the legal, political, and ideological dimensions. It argues that what should function as a checks-and-balances system has sometimes devolved into a contest for dominance; threatening democratic stability.

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the "Content") contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.

A new method for obtaining UNIFAC group-group interaction parameters is proposed using evaluated thermophysical property data generated at the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Using the proposed method, two sets of UNIFAC group-group interaction parameters for 52 main groups are produced based on published vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), excess enthalpies, and activity coefficients at infinite dilution critically evaluated ondemand with the NIST ThermoData Engine (TDE) software. The new regression analysis method includes the use of evaluated uncertainties in assessment of quality factors evaluated on the basis of consistency tests for VLE data. Validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are discussed.

In order for a computer to perform well, it is important to keep the central processing unit (CPU) cool, and this can be accomplished by using a liquid coolant. This study was conducted to investigate how effective nanofluids could be as a coolant for a water block used in CPU cooling. The nanofluids used in the experiment contained Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles and SDS surfactant in a mixture in water at volume fractions of 0.5%. They were prepared using an ultrasonic cleaner, and then tested to determine how well they transferred heat and the amount of pump power needed. The findings suggest that nanofluids with higher concentrations have better convection coefficient values and are more efficient at reducing the temperature of the water block, but they require more pumping power. It was concluded that the Al 2 O 3 nanofluid with SDS surfactant could be used as a coolant for CPU cooling because of its effectiveness in lowering the temperature of the water block. The present work results are agreed with data available in the literature.

This paper deals with the use of radiation measurement techniques for the estimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient of salts. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is applied for the solution of the present parameter estimation problem. The experimental apparatus and experimental procedure are described and results are presented for the diffusion of Potassium Bromide (KBr) in sand saturated with distilled water. The experiment was designed with respect to the number of measurement locations, frequency of measurements and duration of the experiment through the analysis of the sensitivity coefficients and by using a D-optimum approach.

This paper deals with the application of inverse concepts in drying of bodies with and without significant shrinkage effects. The inverse problem is analyzed for simultaneous estimation of thermophysical properties and the boundary conditions parameters of a drying body. For the estimation of the unknown parameters, the transient readings of a single temperature sensor located in the mid-plane of the

Simultaneous estimation of space-variable thermal conductivity and heat capacity in heterogeneous samples of nanocomposites is dealt with by employing a combination of the generalized integral transform technique (GITT), for the direct problem solution, Bayesian inference as implemented with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, for the inverse analysis and infrared thermography, for the temperature measurements. Another aspect of the proposed approach is the integral transformation of the thermographic experimental data along the space variable, which allows for a significant data compression since the inverse analysis is undertaken within the transformed field. Results are presented for the covalidation of the experiment with a homogeneous polyester plate, as well as for a plate made of polyester-alumina nanoparticles composite with abrupt variation of the filler concentration.

This paper deals with a solution method for an inverse problem of simultaneously estimating moisture content and temperature-dependent moisture diffusivity together with thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, and phase conversion factor of a drying body as well as the heat and mass transfer coefficients, by using only temperature measurements. Two different physical problems, convective and contact drying, are analyzed and compared.

The Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) is employed in the analytical solution of transient linear heat or mass diffusion problems in heterogeneous media. The GITT is utilized to handle the associated eigenvalue problem with arbitrarily space variable coefficients, defining an eigenfunction expansion in terms of a simpler Sturm-Liouville problem of known solution. In addition, the representation of the variable coefficients as eigenfunction expansions themselves has been proposed, considerably simplifying and accelerating the integral transformation process, while permitting the analytical evaluation of the coefficients matrices that form the transformed algebraic system. The proposed methodology is challenged in solving three different classes of diffusion problems in heterogeneous media, as illustrated for the cases of thermophysical properties with large scale variations found in heat transfer analysis of functionally graded materials (FGM), of abrupt variations in multiple layer transitions and of randomly variable physical properties in dispersed systems. The convergence behavior of the proposed expansions is then critically inspected and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the general approach and to offer a set of reference results for potentials, eigenvalues, and related quantities.

Weld procedure development can require extensive experimentation, in-depth process knowledge, and is further complicated by the fact that there are often multiple sets of parameters that will meet the weld requirements. Choosing among these multiple weld procedures can be hastened with computer models that find parameters to meet selected weld dimensional requirements while simultaneously optimizing important figures of merit. Software

Ceramics-based thermal barrier coatings are used as heat and wear shields of gas turbines. There are strong needs to evaluate thermophysical properties of coating, such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of them. Since the coatings are attached on substrates, it is no easy to measure these properties separately.