Storage Area Network

The exponential growth of intelligent vehicles(IVs) development has resulted in a complex network. As the number of IVs in a network increases, so does the number of connections. As a result, a great deal of data is generated. This complexity leads to insecure communication, traffic congestion, security, and privacy issues in vehicular networks (VNs). In addition, detecting malicious IVs, data integration, and data validation are major issues in VNs that affect network performance. A blockchain-based model for secure communication and malicious IV detection is proposed to address the above issues. In addition, this system also addresses data integration and transaction validation using an encryption scheme for secure communication. A multi-chain concept separates the legitimate and malicious data into two chains: the Integrity chain (I-chain) and Fraud chain (F-chain). This multi-chain mechanism solves the storage problem and reduces the computing power. The integration of blockchain in the proposed model provides privacy, network security, transparency, and immutability. To address the storage issue, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is integrated with Certificate Authority (CA). A reputation mechanism is introduced to detect malicious IVs in the network based on ratings. This reputation mechanism is also used to prevent Sybil attack. The evaluation of the proposed work is based on the cost of smart contracts and computation time. Furthermore, two attacker models are presented to prevent the selfish mining attack and the Sybil attack. Finally, a security analysis of the proposed smart contracts with their security vulnerabilities is also presented.

This paper examines how VI-based interconnects can be used to improve IIO path performance between a database server and the storage subsystem. We design and implement a software layer, DSA, that is layered between the application and VI. DSA takes advantage of specific VI features and deals with many of its shortcomings. We provide and evaluate one kernel-Ievel and two user-Ievel implementations of DSA. These implementations trade transparency and generality for performance at different degrees, and unlike research prototypes are designed to be suitable for realworld deployment. We present detailed measurements using a commercial database management system with both micro-benchmarks and industrial database workloads on a mid-size, 4 CPU, and a large, 32 CPU, database server. Our results show that VI-based interconnects and userlevel communication can improve all aspects of the 1/0 path between the database system and the storage back-end. We also find that to make effective use of VI in 1/0 intensive environments we need to provide substantial additional functionality than what is currently provided by VI. Finally, new storage APIs that help minimize kernel involvement in the 1/0 path are needed to fully exploit the benefits of VI-based communication. Because VI does not deal with a number of issues that are important for storage applications, we design a new blocklevel 1/0 module, DSA (Direct Storage Access), that is layered between the application and VI (Figure ). DSA uses a custom protocol to communicate with the actual storage server, the details of which are beyond the scope of this paper. DSA takes advantage of specific VI features and addresses many of its shortcomings with respect to 1/0-1

The storage and handling of digital evidence are creating significant challenges for federal, state and local law enforcement agencies. The problems include acquiring and processing massive amounts of digital evidence, maintaining the integrity of the evidence, and storing digital evidence for extended periods of time. This paper describes a networkbased storage architecture that helps address these issues. The architecture also supports collaborative efforts by examiners and investigators located at geographically dispersed sites.

iSCSI is an emerging,transport protocol for transmitting SCSI storage I/O commands,and data blocks over TCP/IP networks. It allows storage devices to be shared by multiple network hosts. A fundamental,problem is how to enable consistent and efficient data sharing in iSCSI-based environments. In this paper, we propose a suite of data sharing schemes for iSCSI-based file systems and use ext2 as an example for implementation. Finally, we use simulations to verify the correctness of our designs and to study the performances.

The superiority of the proposed planning software lies in the constraintbased model which is successfully combined with all the other components namely, analytical methods, rules of thumb, case-base, and database as well as the involvement of the human planner. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other institution and, to the best of the author's knowledge, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of this thesis.

With the rapid development of cloud computing, vast amounts of duplicated data are being uploaded to the cloud, wasting storage resources. Deduplication (dedup) is an efficient solution to save storage costs of cloud storage providers (CSPs) by storing only one copy of the uploaded data. However, cloud users do not benefit directly from dedup and may be reluctant to dedup their data. To motivate the cloud users towards dedup, CSPs offer incentives on storage fees. The problems with the existing dedup schemes are that they do not consider: (1) correctness -the incentive offered to a cloud user should be computed correctly without any prejudice. (2) fairness -the cloud user receives the file link and access rights of the uploaded data if and only if the CSP receives the storage fee. Meeting these requirements without a trusted party is non-trivial, and most of the existing dedup schemes do not apply. Another drawback is that most of the existing schemes emphasize incentives to cloud users but failed to provide a reliable incentive mechanism. As public Blockchain networks emulate the properties of trusted parties, in this paper, we propose a new Blockchain-based dedup scheme to meet the above requirements. In our scheme, a smart contract computes the incentives on storage fee, and the fairness rules are encoded into the smart contract for facilitating fair payments between the CSPs and cloud users. We prove the correctness and fairness of the proposed scheme. We also design a new incentive mechanism and show that the scheme is individually rational and incentive compatible. Furthermore, we conduct experiments by implementing the designed smart contract on Ethereum local Blockchain network and list the transactional and financial costs of interacting with the designed smart contract.

To efficiently support the fast-growing demand for transmission capacity, optical packet-switched systems seem to be strong candidates as they allow fast dynamic allocation ofWDM channels combined with a high degree of statistical resource sharing. In this work, we propose the architecture of an optical packet switching node, equipped with a shared fiber delay line buffer, for all-optical switching of IP traffic flows. Some traffic simulations results of node operation are also presented.

The two most popular operating systems (continues: OS) nowadays are Windows (wide range of products) and Linux (various distributions). Every OS has different development history, aimed application and different hardware implementation. The popularity of Windows operating systems is on a very high level but, today, Linux has proved that high quality software doesn't necessarily have to be commercial software. Linux and Windows operating systems and their applications are not compatible because of kernel and file systems differences and program code execution. That means that the users have to decide which OS they will use depending on economical and financial possibilities. The problem of using applications under different operating systems can be solved by emulator programs on both of Windows and Linux platforms. Most widely used emulators today are Wine (on Linux platforms) and VMware (on both platforms). Emulators offer the possibility to execute different applications (even installation of operating systems) on a platform that they were not previously written for. By choosing less expensive (or free) operating systems and appropriate emulators the overall information technology expenses can be significantly decreased.

The InTENsity PowerWall is a display system used for high-resolution visualization of very large volumetric data sets. The display is linked to two separate computing environments consisting of more than a dozen computer systems. Linking these systems is a common shared storage subsystem that allows a great deal of flexibility in the way visualization data can be generated and displayed. These visualization applications demand very high bandwidth performance from the storage subsystem and associated file system. The InTENsity PowerWall system presents a real-world application environment in which to apply a distributed performance testing framework under development at the Laboratory for Computational Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota. This testing framework allows us to perform focused, coordinated performance testing of the hardware and software components of storage area networks and shared file systems. [2] We use this framework to evaluate various performance characteristics of the PowerWall system's storage area network. We describe our testing approach and some of the results of our testing, and conclude by describing the direction of our future work in this area.

Disk subsystems span the range of configuration complexity from single disk drives to large installations of disk arrays. They can be directly attached to individual computer systems or configured as larger, shared access Storage Area Networks (SANs). It is a significant task to evaluate the performance of these subsystems especially when considering the range of performance requirements of any particular installation and application. Storage subsystems can be designed to meet different performance criteria such as bandwidth, transactions per second, latency, capacity, connectivity, …etc. but the question of how the subsystem will perform depends on the software and hardware layering and the number of layers an I/O request must traverse in order to perform the actual operation. As an I/O request traverses more and more software and hardware layers, alignment and request size fragmentation can result in performance anomalies that can degrade the overall bandwidth and transaction rates. Layer traversal can have a significant negative impact on the observed performance of even the fastest hardware components. This paper walks through the Storage Subsystem Hierarchy, defining these layers, presents a method for testing in single and multiple computer environments, and demonstrates the significance of careful, in-depth evaluation of Storage Subsystem Performance.

The InTENsity PowerWall is a display system used for high-resolution visualization of very large volumetric data sets. The display is linked to two separate computing environments consisting of more than a dozen computer systems. Linking these systems is a common shared storage subsystem that allows a great deal of flexibility in the way visualization data can be generated and displayed. These visualization applications demand very high bandwidth performance from the storage subsystem and associated file system. The InTENsity PowerWall system presents a real-world application environment in which to apply a distributed performance testing framework under development at the Laboratory for Computational Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota. This testing framework allows us to perform focused, coordinated performance testing of the hardware and software components of storage area networks and shared file systems. [2] We use this framework to evaluate various performance characteristics of the PowerWall system's storage area network. We describe our testing approach and some of the results of our testing, and conclude by describing the direction of our future work in this area.

Different studies show that programmers are more interested in finding definitions of functions and their uses than variables, statements, or arbitrary code fragments [30, 29, 31]. Therefore, programmers require support in finding relevant functions and determining how those functions are used. Unfortunately, existing code search engines do not provide enough of this support to developers, thus reducing the effectiveness of

Data ONTAP GX is a clustered Network Attached File server composed of a number of cooperating filers. Each filer manages its own local file system, which consists of a number of disconnected flexible volumes. A separate namespace infrastructure runs within the cluster, which connects the volumes into one or more namespaces by means of internal junctions. The cluster collectively exposes a potentially large number of separate virtual servers, each with its own independent namespace, security and administrative domain. The cluster implements a protocol routing and translation layer which translates requests in all incoming file protocols into a single unified internal file access protocol called SpinNP. The translated requests are then forwarded to the correct filer within the cluster for servicing by the local file system instance. This provides data location transparency, which is used to support transparent data migration, load balancing, mirroring for load sharing and data protection, and fault tolerance. The cluster itself greatly simplifies the administration of a large number of filers by consolidating them into a single system image. Results from benchmarks (over one million file operations per second on a 24 node cluster) and customer experience demonstrate linear scaling.

From specific-purpose storage appliances to the new generation of cloud storage services, the industry has different solutions for the data storage needs of home and small office users, whereas for backup, resource consolidation or file sharing purposes. Although dedicated appliances and cloud services offer a different balance between capacity, accessibility, and cost, the two paradigms are complementary, rather than incompatible. This paper proposes an operator-managed hybrid storage service which explores the existing complementarity between the appliance-based and the cloud-based storage service models. By making use of home gateways/routers as storage service appliances, it aims to provide an integrated solution eliminating the need for dedicated storage devices. The proposed approach fully integrates with the prevailing management frameworks already used by broadband access network operators, namely the CPE Wan Management Protocol (CWMP).

In the Storage Area Network (SAN), the mature network technology is used to substitute for the IO bus. Usually, the common switch is used in the storage network especially in the iSCSI storage system. Because the common switches are not aware of the environment it is used in, it can not make optimization for the storage network. In this paper, an optimization of storage network is presented which can greatly improve the performance and resource utilization of the whole storage system. In this optimization, the IO acknowledgment commands passing through the switch which is used in storage network are transferred in highest priority. This optimization of SAN has been certified by the simulation experiments.

Storage Area Networks (SANs) connect groups of storage devices to servers over fast interconnects. An important challenge lies in managing the complexity of the resulting massive SAN configurations. Policy-based validation using new logical frameworks has been proposed earlier as a solution to this configuration problem. SANchk offers a new solution that uses standard technologies such as SQL, XML, and Java, to implement a rule-based configuration checker. SANchk works as a lightweight extension to the relational databases of storage management systems; current support includes IBM's TPC and the open source Aperi storage manager. Some five dozen best practices rules for SAN configuration are implemented in SANchk, many of them with configurable parameters. Empirical results with several commercial SANs show that the approach is viable in practice.

The Storage Area Network (SAN) is a space-saving storage technology to manage data securely. The amount of data that needs to be stored is growing, and this is due to the growing number of users of Information Technology all over the world. In this paper we will see what this technology is, the basic components that are involved in its construction, the protocols that are being used, and will address security issues in SAN.SAN, provides storage space management and maintains fast data up. Security has been and remains the top priority for any campaign that works with sensitive information and data, another element should be SANs. The vulnerability assessment is one of the critical requirements to make data storage a system safe. Knowledge about security elements and solutions can help data storage administrators to increase the security level and reliability of networks.

The first edition of the International Conference on Trends and Innovations in Smart Technologies (ICTIST'22) was held on 7-8 October 2022, bringing together researchers and experts from the fields of communication networks and security, computational intelligence, and engineering. The conference provided a platform for participants to share their research and discuss the latest trends and innovations in these areas. The present report will start by providing an overview on the keynote speeches and the main axes around which the communication sessions revolved before moving on to more detailed abstracts, presenting each of the topics presented during the ICTIST'22 conference.

The first edition of the International Conference on Trends and Innovations in Smart Technologies (ICTIST'22) was held on 7-8 October 2022, bringing together researchers and experts from the fields of communication networks and security, computational intelligence, and engineering. The conference provided a platform for participants to share their research and discuss the latest trends and innovations in these areas. The present report will start by providing an overview on the keynote speeches and the main axes around which the communication sessions revolved before moving on to more detailed abstracts, presenting each of the topics presented during the ICTIST'22 conference.

The use of data in this current digital era, the traditional model of connecting the storage media with servers, cannot meet the need for fast access to a very large amount of data. Storage Area Network can be the solution because this technology can handle a large amount of storage media (TeraByte), enable to be a share of storage resources, as well as giving data access in real-time, quick, and easy. Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) is a concept of storage media that use Internet Protocol as a medium for connecting storage media and data transfer through network service. Testing of availability server in this research use failover cluster technology, after testing done, then the result is obtained, when a failure or error occurs on the primary server, the primary server role will be automatically replaced by backup server with the same resource as the main server. As for the time automatic displacement server, when an active server makes failure, then it will only ...

Blockchain-based digital storage systems have become crucial for ensuring security and privacy,
especially in protecting sensitive data from security attacks, single points of failure, and unauthorized
access. The growing need for a secure and decentralized solution for storing confidential digital assets
has driven interest in blockchain technology. This paper presents the concept of a "Blockchain-Based
E-vault," designed to provide a trusted, immutable, and transparent platform for securely storing,
sharing, and verifying digital assets and sensitive documents. Leveraging blockchain's decentralized
architecture, the proposed eVault eliminates the risks associated with traditional centralized storage
solutions. The system ensures data integrity, prevents unauthorized access, and provides an auditable
trail of access and modifications. By integrating encryption and smart contracts, the eVault offers a
robust solution to the ongoing challenges of data security, fraud prevention, and transparency in digital
asset management.

Data: 24 de febrer de 2006 Actualment, els serveis òptics són essencialment estàtics, en els que els usuaris sol•liciten als proveïdors o ISPs l'ample de banda que necessiten Durant un cer període de temps. Aquest serveis s'aprovisionen de forma manual, la qual cosa pot suposar un treball llarg i costós. Els usuaris o les mateixes aplicacions necessiten flexibilitat per controlar els seus serveis al llarg de diferents dominis independents, ja que estan en millor posició que els proveïdors per escollir i gestionar camins òptics adaptats a les seves necessitats. Aquesta idea ha donat lloc a un nou paradigma en el mon de les xarxes anomenat "xarxes controlades per usuaris". Amb el patrocini de Canarie, s'està duent a terme una investigació per tal d'aconseguir les xarxes controlades pels usuaris. D'aquesta investigació ha sorgit un sistema anomenat "User-Controlled Lightpath Provisioning" (UCLP) (Provisió de camins òptics controlats per usuaris) que permet als usuaris establir canals òptics d'extrem a extrem a través de diferents Sistemes Autònoms. Aquest software s'està desenvolupant al CRC (Communications Research Centre, Canada) amb la col•laboració de la Fundació i2Cat. UCLP es un sistema de gestió distribuït que utilitza la idea de OON (Objecte Orientat a Xarxa) i que es pot explicar com una eina de partició i configuració que representa cada recurs d'una xarxa física (fibres, targetes) com un servei o objecte. Aquest servei/objecte es pot posar sota el control de diversos usuaris de la xarxa per tal que puguin crear les seves pròpies topologies de xarxa IP. Fins ara, UCLP treballava amb equips de capa 1 i 2. El principal objectiu d'aquest projecte és trobar una solució per integrar equips de capa 3 al sistema. Concretament, es vol introduir un router basat en una nova tecnologia anomenada "estat de flux" (flow-state). Aquesta tecnologia, que permet reconèixer fluxos basats en determinades funcions de hash, realitza un extens procés al primer paquet d'un flux, associa aquest flux amb un estat i aplica el resultat d'aquest procés als següents paquets del flux, amb els quals, enlloc de realitzar enrutament, simplement els reenviarà sense mirar les taules d'enrutament.

The novel framework presented in this paper provides a comprehensive methodology and statistical approach for benchmarking two Storage Area Network (SAN) products. This framework has the ability to assess the complexity of the SAN products benchmarking characteristics. This approach enables us to explore the complex interactions and relationships between the SAN products in the same environment. There are many evaluation techniques available for testing, but their results and evaluations may lack maturity and are not statistically sound. This novel unified framework provides a cost effective way that quantifies the benchmarking and interaction level of two SAN products by using single Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis. This novel approach provides good SAN product comparative analysis to customer's with high degree of accuracy with good predictabilities in product improvement, product marketing and product selection.

De-duplication eliminates redundant information segments from the data storage and reduces the scale of storage information. This is often significantly helpful in Cloud Storage wherever information is transferred to the storage target over WAN. De-duplication with Cloud Storage not solely reduces the space for storing needs, however conjointly reduces the information that's transferred over the network leading to quicker and economic data protection operations. It raises problems about security, possession and data integrity. Recently, many deduplication schemes are planned to unravel this downside by permitting every owner to share an equivalent cryptography key for equivalent information. However, most of the schemes suffer from security flaws, since they are doing not take into account the dynamic changes within the possession of outsourced information that occur often in a very sensible cloud storage service. The proposed system includes completely unique server-side deduplication over encrypted information and server side continuous data auditing. It permits the cloud server to regulate access to outsourced information even once the possession changes dynamically by exploiting irregular oblique encoding and secure possession cluster key distribution. Along with the deduplication check, system also proposes an in-house continuous data auditing for data integrity check. The system performance is tested and it proves that the system is as efficient as the previous system and the extra feature of continuous auditing requires a negligible computation overhead.

De-duplication eliminates redundant information segments from the data storage and reduces the scale of storage information. This is often significantly helpful in Cloud Storage wherever information is transferred to the storage target over WAN. De-duplication with Cloud Storage not solely reduces the space for storing needs, however conjointly reduces the information that’s transferred over the network leading to quicker and economic data protection operations. It raises problems about security, possession and data integrity. Recently, many de-duplication schemes are planned to unravel this downside by permitting every owner to share an equivalent cryptography key for equivalent information. However, most of the schemes suffer from security flaws, since they are doing not take into account the dynamic changes within the possession of outsourced information that occur often in a very sensible cloud storage service. The proposed system includes completely unique server-side de-duplic...

This paper describes the Object Storage Architecture solution for cost-effective, high bandwidth storage in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments. An HPC environment requires a storage system to scale to very large sizes and performance without sacrificing cost-effectiveness nor ease of sharing and managing data. Traditional storage solutions, including disk-per-node, Storage-Area Networks (SAN), and Network-Attached Storage (NAS) implementations, fail to find a balance between performance, ease of use, and cost as the storage system scales up. In contrast, building storage systems as specialized storage clusters using commodity-off-the-shelf (COTS) components promise excellent price-performance at scale provided that binding them into a single system image and linking them to HPC compute clusters can be done without introducing bottlenecks or management complexities. While a file interface (typified by NAS systems) at each storage cluster component is too high-level to provide scalable bandwidth and simple management across large numbers of components, and a block interface (typified by SAN systems) is too low-level to avoid synchronization bottlenecks in a shared storage cluster, an object interface (typified by the inode layer of traditional file system implementations) is at the intermediate level needed for independent, highly parallel operation at each storage cluster component under centralized, but infrequently applied, control. The Object Storage Device (OSD) interface achieves this independence by storing an unordered collection of named variable-length byte arrays, called objects, and embedding extendable attributes, fine-grain capability-based access control, and encapsulated data layout and allocation into each object. With this higher-level interface, object storage clusters are capable of highly parallel data transfers between storage and compute cluster node under the infrequently applied control of the out-of-band metadata managers. Object Storage Architectures support single-system-image file systems with the traditional sharing and management features of NAS systems and the resource consolidation and scalable performance of SAN systems.

Network-attached storage enables network-striped data transfers directly between client and storage to provide clients with scalable bandwidth on large transfers. Network-attached storage also decouples policy and enforcement of access control, avoiding unnecessary reverification of protection checks, reducing file manager work and increasing scalability. It eliminates the expense of a server computer devoted to copying data between peripheral network and client network. This architecture better matches storage technology's sustained data rates, now 80 Mb/s and growing at 40% per year. Finally, it enables self-managing storage to counter the increasing cost of data management. The availability of cost-effective network-attached storage depends on it becoming a storage commodity, which in turn depends on its utility to a broad segment of the storage market. Specifically, multiple distributed and parallel filesystems must benefit from network-attached storage's requirement for secure, direct access between client and storage, for reusable, asynchronous access protection checks, and for increased license to efficiently manage underlying storage media. In this paper, we describe a prototype network-attached secure disk interface and filesystems adapted to network-attached storage implementing Sun's NFS, Transarc's AFS, a network-striped NFS variant, and an informed prefetching NFS variant. Our experimental implementations demonstrate bandwidth and workload scaling and aggressive optimization of application access patterns. Our experience with applications and filesystems adapted to run on network-attached secure disks emphasizes the much greater cost of client network messaging relative to peripheral bus messaging, which offsets some of the expected scaling results.

Large organizations always have a strong demand for storage from data-intensive applications and instruments. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a new virtual storage system, Storage@desk, which can aggregate a large number of distributed machines within an organization to provide storage services with quality of service guarantees. Because storage virtualization is the prominent goal, Storage@desk provides clients with the abstraction of a hard drive by utilizing the Internet SCSI protocol. As such, data access to new storage services is transparent so that clients do not need to modify any existing applications nor change their current practices. Storage@desk replicates data and employs version-based journaling for high availability. It utilizes a market-based model for resource management and a feedback controller for automated performance control. We have developed a prototype of Storage@desk that implements the core components.

Storage systems are a foundational component of computational, experimental, and observational science today. The ever-growing size of computation and simulation results demands huge storage capacity, which challenges the storage scalability and causes data corruption and disk failure to be commonplace in exascale storage environments. Moreover, the increasing complexity of storage hierarchy and passive storage devices make today's storage systems inefficient, which force the adoption of new storage technologies. In this position paper, we propose a Parallel, Reliable and Scalable Storage Software Infrastructure (PASSI) to support the design and prototyping of next-generation active storage environment. The goal is to meet the scaling and resilience need of extreme scale science by ensuring that storage systems are pervasively intelligent, always available, never lose or damage data and energy-efficient.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) are based on direct interaction between clients and storage servers. This unmediated access exposes the storage server to network attacks, necessitating a verification, by the server, that the client requests conform with the system protection policy. Solutions today can only enforce access control at the granularity of entire storage servers. This is an outcome of the way storage servers abstract storage: an array of fixed size blocks. Providing access control at the granularity of blocks is infeasible-there are too many active blocks in the server. Thus, the coarse granularity of entire servers is used. Object stores (e.g., the NASD system [10]) on the other hand provide means to address these issues. An object store control unit presents an abstraction of a dynamic collection of objects, each can be seen as a different array of blocks, thus providing the basis for protection at the object level. In this paper we present a security model for the object store which leverages on existing security infrastructure. We give a simple generic mechanism capable of enforcing an arbitrary access control policy at object granularity. This mechanism is specifically designed to achieve low overhead by minimizing the cost of validating an operation along the critical data path, and lends itself for optimizations such as caching. The key idea of the model is to separate the mechanisms for transport security from the one used for access control and to maximize the use standard security protocols when possible. We utilize a standard industry protocol for authentication, integrity and privacy on the communication channel (IPSec for IP networks) and define a proprietary protocol for authorization on top of the secure communication layer.

As the demand for the consolidation of data stores continues to escalate, a new approach, capable of delivering high bandwidth through multiple and heterogeneous server platforms to a common storage repository at reduced cost, is beginning to emerge. Storage Area Networking (SAN) is an open storage architecture designed to eliminate many of the traditional bottleneck associated with secondary and tertiary storage devices. Calculating the improvement on reliability by using the Redundant Array of Independent Disk (RAID) system associated with 90 data disks divided into 6 groups with each having 15 disks. For this scenario 10 hours (𝑴𝑻𝑻𝑹𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒌) was considered. The results for the 𝑴𝑻𝑻𝑭𝑹𝑨𝑰𝑫 system was achieved to be 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 hours = 𝟏𝟕, 𝟖𝟑𝟔. 𝟖 yrs while for a JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks) having a 𝑴𝑻𝑻𝑭 parameter of 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 hours (for a typical Fibre channel single disk ...

High Energy Physics data processing and analysis applications typically deal with the problem of accessing and processing data at high speed. Recent studies, development and test work have shown that the latencies due to data access can often be hidden by parallelizing them with the data processing, thus giving the ability to have applications which process remote data with a high level of efficiency. Techniques and algorithms able to reach this result have been implemented in the client side of the Scalla/xrootd system, and in this contribution we describe the results of some tests done in order to compare their performance and characteristics. These techniques, if used together with multiple streams data access, can also be effective in allowing to efficiently and transparently deal with data repositories accessible via a Wide Area Network.

This document describes the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) option to allow Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) clients to discover the location of the iSNS server automatically through the use of DHCP for IPv4. iSNS provides discovery and management capabilities for Internet SCSI (iSCSI) and Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) storage devices in an enterprise-scale IP storage network. iSNS provides intelligent storage management services comparable to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing a commodity IP network to function in a similar capacity to that of a storage area network.

This document describes the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) option to allow Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) clients to discover the location of the iSNS server automatically through the use of DHCP for IPv4. iSNS provides discovery and management capabilities for Internet SCSI (iSCSI) and Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) storage devices in an enterprise-scale IP storage network. iSNS provides intelligent storage management services comparable to those found in Fibre Channel networks, allowing a commodity IP network to function in a similar capacity to that of a storage area network.

The amount of intelligent packet processing in an Ethernet switch continues to grow, in order to support of embedded applications such as network security, load balancing and quality of service assurance. This increased packet processing is contributing to greater per-packet latency through the switch. In addition, there is a growing interest in using Ethernet switches in low latency environments such as high-performance clusters, storage area networks and real-time media distribution. In this paper we propose Packet Prediction for Speculative Cut-through Switching (PPSCS), a novel approach to reducing the latency of modern Ethernet switches without sacrificing feature rich policybased forwarding enabled by deep packet inspection. PPSCS exploits the temporal nature of network communications to predict the flow classification of incoming packets and begin the speculative forwarding of packets before complex lookup operations are complete. Simulation studies using actual network traces indicate that correct prediction rates of up to 97% are achievable using only a small amount of prediction circuitry per port. These studies also indicate that PPSCS can reduce the latency in traditional storeand-forward switches by nearly a factor of 8, and reduce the latency of cut-through switches by a factor of 3.

Blockchains are a new approach to creating distributed networks that were first introduced in 2008. It allows the formation of peer-to-peer networks based on consensus, forming chains from accepted blocks without requiring a central authority or centralized controller. A prominent application of this technology is its use in decentralized storage systems. Individuals in decentralized storage networks rent unused hardware storage space to other individuals. A decentralized network utilizing end-to-end encryption eliminates the risk of data loss associated with centralized data control by enabling clients to transmit their files securely. The storage providers must prove that they have kept unaltered files in this network for this time. Many studies have been conducted in this specific domain, most targeting storage capacity and efficiency, but a security, integrity and privacy loophole need to be addressed. This paper presents an overview of blockchain-based storage systems and how they work, followed by a comparison with cloud-based storage networks and a survey of various decentralized storage networks like SIA, File coin, and Storj available on the market. Next, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of blockchain-based storage. In our final discussion, we examine the security problems of decentralized storage networks and explore potential solutions and research directions for the future.

Network-attached storage enables network-striped data transfers directly between client and storage to provide clients with scalable bandwidth on large transfers. Network-attached storage also decouples policy and enforcement of access control, avoiding unnecessary reverification of protection checks, reducing file manager work and increasing scalability. It eliminates the expense of a server computer devoted to copying data between peripheral network and client network. This architecture better matches storage technology's sustained data rates, now 80 Mb/s and growing at 40% per year. Finally, it enables self-managing storage to counter the increasing cost of data management. The availability of cost-effective network-attached storage depends on it becoming a storage commodity, which in turn depends on its utility to a broad segment of the storage market. Specifically, multiple distributed and parallel filesystems must benefit from network-attached storage's requirement for secure, direct access between client and storage, for reusable, asynchronous access protection checks, and for increased license to efficiently manage underlying storage media. In this paper, we describe a prototype network-attached secure disk interface and filesystems adapted to network-attached storage implementing Sun's NFS, Transarc's AFS, a network-striped NFS variant, and an informed prefetching NFS variant. Our experimental implementations demonstrate bandwidth and workload scaling and aggressive optimization of application access patterns. Our experience with applications and filesystems adapted to run on network-attached secure disks emphasizes the much greater cost of client network messaging relative to peripheral bus messaging, which offsets some of the expected scaling results.

Minho c 1. Motivation This paper describes a new cloud platform, CumuloNimbo, that envisions ultra-scalable transactional processing for multi-tier applications with the goal to process a million update transactions per second while providing the same level of consistency and transparency as traditional relational database systems. Most of the current approaches to attain scalability for transactional processing in the cloud resort to sharding. Sharding is a technique in which the database is split into many different partitions (e.g. thousands) that work as separate databases sharing the original schema of the database. Sharding is technically simple but neither syntactically nor semantically transparent. Syntactic transparency is lost because applications have to be rewritten as individual transactions are only allowed to access one of the partitions. Semantic transparency is lost, because the ACID properties provided previously by transactions over arbitrary data sets are lost. Alternatives to sharding have been proposed recently [BernRWY11, PengD10], but they are solutions for specialized data structures [BernRWY11] or are not designed for online systems that require fast response times [PengD10].

The amount of immutable files, such as images, video clips, audio files, and e-mail messages, is expected to grow significantly, as users actively generate, distribute, share, and re-use digital contents. In this paper, we present BeanFS, a distributed file system for a large number of immutable files. A key features of BeanFS include (1) the volume-based replication scheme to alleviate the metadata management overhead of the central metadata server, (2) a lightweight consistency maintenance protocol tailored to the simple access patterns of immutable files, and (3) volume synchronization and re-replication mechanisms which provide high availability against transient and permanent failures. BeanFS has been evaluated using a microbenchmark and a synthetic workload which reflects the characteristics of the real-world e-mail service system. Our measurement results indicate that the performance of BeanFS is scalable as the number of servers increases. In addition, volume synchronization and re-replication are quite effective in enhancing the availability of BeanFS.

Electronic System-Level design has arrived-but can ESL provide the bridge from systems to silicon? Comprised of real world designers, this DAC ESL panel will examine and debate what works, what doesn't, and what the gaps are in the methodology and tool offerings. Panelists from a variety of industry segments, including Military/aerospace, storage area networks (SAN), wireless communications and consumer electronics, will share their experiences, lessons learned and further needs.

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Large organizations always have a strong demand for storage from data-intensive applications and instruments. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a new virtual storage system, Storage@desk, which can aggregate a large number of distributed machines within an organization to provide storage services with quality of service guarantees. Because storage virtualization is the prominent goal, Storage@desk provides clients with the abstraction of a hard drive by utilizing the Internet SCSI protocol. As such, data access to new storage services is transparent so that clients do not need to modify any existing applications nor change their current practices. Storage@desk replicates data and employs version-based journaling for high availability. It utilizes a market-based model for resource management and a feedback controller for automated performance control. We have developed a prototype of Storage@desk that implements the core components.

We present two methods for weighted consistent hashing also known as weighted distributed hash tables. The first method, called Linear Method, combines the standard consistent hasing introduced by Karger et al. [9] with a linear weighted distance measure. By using node copies and different partitions of the hash space, the balance of this scheme approximates the fair weight relationship with high probability. The second method, called the Logarithmic Method, uses a logarithmic weighted distance between the peers and the data to find the corresponding node. For distributing one data element it provides perfect weighted balance. To provide this distribution for many data elements we use partitions to achieve a fair balance with high probability. These methods provide small fragmentation, which means that the hash space is divided into at most O(n log n) intervals. Furthermore, there is an efficient data structure that assigns data elements to the nodes in expected time O(log n). If small fragmentation is not an issue one can replace the use of partitions by a method we call double hash functions. This method needs O(n) for assigning elements to a node, yet it can be directly used for Storage Area Networks, where the number of nodes is small compared to participating nodes in Peer-to-Peer networks.

Traditionally, network storage systems have mainly been dominated by two IP-based storage technologies, i.e., Network Attached Storage (NAS) and Storage Area Network (SAN). In recent years, cloud based storage (e.g., Amazon S3) has gained growing popularity for its high flexibility and cross-platform compatibility. Many enterprises are considering to replace traditional storage systems with cloud-based systems. Evaluating such a transition demands a systematic study on understanding the performance behaviours of the emerging cloud storage. To fill in this gap, in this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study on the three storage systems with realistic network conditions. Specifically, we select one representative from each category for comparison, i.e., Network File System (NFS) from NAS, Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) from SAN, and OpenStack Swift from cloud storage. We build a testbed and develop a suite of micro-benchmarks to study the impact of network complexities. Through a set of experiments and detailed analysis, we make several key observations: (1) iSCSI excels under good network conditions, e.g., in local area networks (LANs) where network delay and packet loss are trivial; (2) NFS and Swift are more suitable for complex networks such as wireless networks and Internet environment; (3) Swift is a viable replacement for NFS in all scenarios we investigate; and (4) system configuration on the client side impacts storage performance significantly and deserves adequate attention. We hope our findings can not only shed light on storage service design and optimizations, but also encourage more research on emerging storage technologies.

Server virtualization is accelerating the already existing need for shared storage area network (SAN) infrastructure for the associated benefits of migration, flexible management and economies of sharing. Understanding the characteristics of a workload ...

One of the main problems in the high performance computing area is to find the best strategy to parallelize an application. In this context, the use of analytical methods to evaluate the performance behavior before the real implementation of such applications seems to be an interesting alternative and can help to identify better directions for the implementation strategies. In this work, the Stochastic Automata Network (SAN) formalism is adopted to model and evaluate the performance of parallel applications. The methodology used is based on the construction of generic SAN models to describe classical parallel programming patterns, like Master/Slave, Pipeline and Divide and Conquer. Those models are adapted to represent cases of a real application through the definition of input parameters values. Finally, we present a comparison between the results of the SAN models and a real application, aiming at verifying the accuracy of the adopted technique.

Cluster platforms have an important role in high performance computing (HPC). They execute cloud computing, data-intensive computing and data center applications, which are supported on distributed file systems. The implementation of data redundancy in these file systems provides a support for high availability and error tolerance. This work proposes an implementation of redundant data storage based on the storage included in the cluster nodes, instead of more expensive approaches with a dedicated storage and network, and on multi-multicast transfers, instead on unicast transfers, to perform the multiple simultaneous data diffusion required for implementing redundant data storage. The proposal applies a recently proposed congestion control scheme that adjusts the sender injection rate, taking into account control information from the receiver nodes and the storage technology available on the cluster nodes. The implementation takes full advantage of the switch diffusion hardware and of the IGMP snooping capability of current switches, which allows to multicast a packet just to the output links with receivers joined to a multicast group. It is made at B Antonio F. Díaz