Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections

This study interviewed 2,272 women from a low income community in California, USA who completed a questionnaire entitled Risk Behavior Assessment that captured risky drug and sexual behavior. The logistic regression model included gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, warts, crack, and sex trading for money as well as racial and ethnic differences. It was evident that Trichomonas Vaginalis can co-exist with other infections among women who use illicit drugs and engage in risky sexual behavior. It can serve as an early indicator to prompt healthcare providers to test for the presence of STI co-infection that can be potentially fatal if not diagnosed and treated.

The need to improve out-of-school youths' reproductive health challenges is being increasingly recognized throughout the world. Youths with reproductive health challenges do not seek appropriate services. Earlier studies in Oyo State focused on utilising youth-friendly clinics for secondary school students but not among out-of-school youths. This study was therefore designed to determine the factors associated with assessing Youth-Friendly Clinic (YFC) services utilisation by out-of-school youth in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. A four-stage random sampling technique was adapted to select LGAs, wards, communities and 521 consenting respondents. A semi-structured intervieweradministered questionnaire was used to elicit information on respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of YFC and utilisation. Knowledge of YFC utilisation was measured on a 14-point scale; scores of 5, >5-10 and >10 were categorised as good and poor, respectively. A Focus Group Discussion guide was used for qualitative data collection. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and linear logistic regression tests at p=0.05. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Respondents' mean age was 20.6±2.8 years; 52.6% were males, and 39.9% lived with their parents. Less than a quarter, 20.0% and 10.2%, were currently learning tailoring and patent medicine vendors training, respectively. The majority (88.0%) of the respondents heard about YFC for the first time, 92.9% had poor knowledge of YFCs, only 91.9% had ever used or visited YFC, and 47.1% had ever used/visited YFCs more than one month before the study. Most (72.2%) respondents preferred having youths as service providers in YFC, and 54.5% pointed out that female service providers understand females better. A few of those who used YFC (19.5%), (14.4%), and (11.0%) suggested more efficient staff, that staff should be more patient-friendly, and that they should create awareness on media, respectively. Among respondents that never used YFC, the three major barriers reported were less awareness of the public about YFC (27.3%), lack of adequate drugs (19.2%) and distance (18.2%). About one-fifth (20.4%) expected YFC to provide free medicines and (19.8%) free treatment. Respondents' age ≥20 was significantly associated with knowledge of YFC. Living with their parents' father, mother and peers was significantly associated with utilising YFC. Respondents who heard about YFC were more likely to utilise YFC than those with low awareness and poor knowledge (OR:0.024;95%CI=0.006-0.0014). The FGD discussants felt YFC is important in addressing the health problems of apprentices and unanimously agreed that lack of awareness and poor knowledge were the major barriers to utilisation. Knowledge of out-of-school youths in the Ibadan metropolis on utilising YFC was poor. Awareness creation through Information Education and Communications materials would help increase knowledge and patronage of YFC.

This study explores the psychosocial determinants influencing postpartum contraception selection through a comprehensive approach. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 respondents in Bogor Regency, using purposive sampling via Google Forms. Research instruments included the Knowledge Questionnaire on Postpartum Contraception (KQPC) and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) to analyze factors influencing contraception decisions. Research findings demonstrate that knowledge levels, locus of control, economic status, and education significantly impact contraception method selection. Respondents with high knowledge were more likely to choose modern contraception methods (78.3%), while those with low knowledge preferred traditional methods (45.8%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that contraception knowledge contributed most significantly with an odds ratio of 2.512. The study emphasizes the need for personalized approaches in contraception counseling, considering biological, psychological, social, and economic factors. Key recommendations include developing comprehensive educational programs, professional health training, and designing reproductive health policies responsive to individual needs.

The knowledge and attitude of Sexually transmitted infection among nursing students is essential for promoting effective sexual practices. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes towards sexually transmitted infections preventive strategies. A descriptive crosssectional study design was used. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 175 students from 300 students of 200 level to 400 level among nursing students. Selfstructured questionnaire was used to collect data, validity and reliability of the instrument were ascertained. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that 174(99.4%) of respondents had good knowledge of STIs as some of them recognize transmission methods, such as oral sex 138 (78.8%) and the protective role of condoms100 (57.1%). Findings also observed a positive attitude towards sexually transmitted infection prevention strategies among respondents. There was significant support for raising awareness 110 (62.86%) and discussions about STIs to reduce prevalence 95 (54.29%). Furthermore, commitment to personal responsibility in sexual health was noted 120 (68.57%), and 130 (74.29%) supported regular STI testing. Study concluded that there was a good knowledge and positive attitude towards sexually transmitted infections preventive strategies among respondents and recommended that there should be continued education and support for fostering a more informed and proactive approach to sexual health among future healthcare professionals.

Puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas limpahan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga buku ini yang berjudul “Mengetahui Pilihan: Panduan Lengkap tentang Keluarga Berencana dan Kontrasepsi” dapat disusun dan diterbitkan. Buku ini merupakan hasil dari perhatian mendalam terhadap pentingnya akses infor masi yang valid, inklusif, dan mudah dipahami tentang keluarga berencana serta berbagai pilihan kontrasepsi yang tersedia dalam kehidupan modern. Dalam konteks sosial yang terus berkembang, pembahasan mengenai kontrasepsi dan perencanaan keluarga tak hanya menyentuh aspek medis, namun juga menyentuh persoalan budaya, psikologis, hingga kebijakan publik. Buku ini hadir untuk memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai bagaimana per ubahan pola pikir masyarakat terhadap keluarga berencana, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pemilihan metode kontrasepsi, serta keterkaitannya dengan kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Kami menyadari bahwa salah satu tantangan terbesar dalam penerapan program keluarga berencana adalah bagaimana membangun komunikasi yang sehat dan terbuka antar pasangan. Oleh karena itu, didedikasikan untuk membahas strategi membangun dialog pasangan terkait kontrasepsi, termasuk pentingnya saling menghormati dan pengambilan keputusan v bersama. Dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia, mengulas bagaimana kontrasepsi merupakan bagian dari hak reproduksi, termasuk persoalan aksesibilitas yang masih menjadi tantangan di berbagai kelompok sosial. Buku ini juga memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap kelompok usia remaja, dengan mengupas pentingnya pendidikan seksual dan bagaimana men dukung remaja dalam mengambil keputusan terkait kesehatan reproduksinya secara bertanggung jawab. Keterkaitan antara perencanaan karier dan penggunaan kontrasepsi, serta peran penting keluarga berencana dalam menciptakan kesetaraan gender dan keseimbangan antara kehidupan profesional dan kehidupan keluarga. Kesalahpahaman mengenai kontrasepsi masih marak di masyarakat, penulis mencoba untuk melu ruskan berbagai mitos yang berkembang, menjelaskan bagaimana media mempengaruhi persepsi publik, serta memberikan panduan dalam mengenali informasi yang valid. Sebagai penutup, mengajak pembaca untuk melihat ke masa depan perencanaan keluarga, dengan menyoroti tren baru dalam edukasi, perubahan sikap masyarakat, serta berbagai bentuk kontribusi yang dapat dilakukan oleh individu dan komunitas untuk mendukung aksesibilitas kontrasepsi. Kami berharap buku ini dapat menjadi panduan praktis sekaligus reflektif bagi berbagai kalangan: pelajar, mahasiswa, pasangan suami istri, tenaga kesehatan, pendidik, pembuat kebijakan, dan masyarakat luas. Kami menyadari bahwa tantangan dalam isu keluarga berencana bukan semata pada pemenuhan vi sarana, tetapi juga pada perubahan cara pandang dan pemahaman. Maka dari itu, kami mengajak pembaca untuk membaca buku ini dengan pikiran terbuka dan semangat untuk berbagi informasi yang benar dan bermanfaat. Akhir kata, kami menyampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah mendukung penyusunan buku ini, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Semoga buku ini membawa manfaat besar dalam upaya mewujudkan masyarakat yang lebih se hat, sejahtera, dan sadar akan hak-hak reproduksinya.

Prevalensi Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) di Indonesia masih mengalami tren kenaikan kasus dan dapat ditularkan dari individu ke individu lain yang sering bergonta-ganti pasangan seksual. Anggota TNI muda (terutama usia 20-30 tahun) merupakan aparatur negara yang sering jauh bertugas dari keluarga, menjadi salah satu penyumbang dalam meningkatkan prevalensi IMS. Hal tersebut dikarenakan aktifitas dan hasrat seksualnya mengalami naik turun pada usia tersebut. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap anggota TNI Muda dalam memahami terkait pentingnya kesehatan reproduksi dan bahaya IMS di Brigif Raider 9 Kostrad Jember. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah melakukan prestest, melakukan penyuluhan, melakukan posttest dan melakukan ice breaking. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah hasil terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara rata-rata pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum dan sesudah edukasi (p=0,000). Dimana rata-rata nilai pengetahuan prettest yaitu 7,33 dan meningkat menjadi 8,40 pada posttest. Sedangkan rata-rata nilai sikap pretest yaitu 31,07 dan meningkat menjadi 36,20 pada postest. Oleh karena itu, instansi TNI dapat melakukan tindak lanjut berupa skrining yang berkelanjutan untuk mendeteksi IMS secara dini khususnya kepada anggota TNI.

Literary translation, in general, has its own multiple difficulties; many of the challenges in translating Margaret Atwood's Hag-Seed are due in particular to its transtextuality (juggling through a rhizomatic nexus of texts, eminently Shakespeare's The Tempest, rewritten into a contemporary story) and its multilayered complexity (employing multiple voices and registers, mixing styles and genres, combining prose and verse) that make the novel an exquisite case of adaptation and recontextualization (Pál and Pieldner 2023). These peculiarities may be the source of several dilemmas of translators who have engaged in translating the novel. The aim of this research is to compare two translations of the novel in order to shed light on the possible options the translators had, as well as on their possible motivations when resorting to particular solutions in different situations. The comparative study of the translators' choices encompasses the translation of intertextual elements (title, chapter titles, direct quotes, and covert references to Shakespeare and other authors), verse inserts that constitute a major originality of Atwood's text as well as the stylistic chords it plays, in between the vernacular and the formal, the grave and the jocular. In doing so, we would focus on whether it is possible to delineate a certain "concept(ion)" of translation adopted by the Hungarian and the Romanian translators, whether there are any common solutions/techniques that correspond to certain translation traditions, and whether or to what extent each translator is free in choosing their path, resulting in disparate reading experiences.

Penyakit Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) yang disebabkan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) telah lama menjadi isu bersama yang terus menarik perhatian berbagai kalangan di seluruh dunia, terutama sektor kesehatan. World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat sejak tahun 1981 sebanyak 65 juta orang telah terinfeksi HIV dan 25  juta diantaranya  meninggal dunia akibat penyakit yang terkait dengan AIDS (KPAN 2014). Data Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara tahun 2013 menunjukkan Kota Medan memiliki kasus HIV/AIDS terbanyak di Sumatara Utara, dengan 1.316 kasus HIV positif dan 2.163 kasus AIDS, dan di Kota Pematangsiantar terdapat 56 kasus HIV positif, 121 kasus AIDS, sementara di Kabupaten Simalungun terdapat 85 kasus HIV positif dan 4 kasus AIDS. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengetahuan dan persepsi bidan tentang HIV/AIDS dengan stigma pada perempuan penderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey dengan pendekatan explanatory researchdesai...

Abstract: Perception, Disability, Stroke, Sexual Activity, Motivation. This study aims to determine perceptions of stroke survivors who have disabilities to sexual activity. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive analysis with case study design were fixed (embedded case study research). Data collection techniques with depth interviews, and focus group discussion. The results obtained by the themes of disability following limb abnormalities in the body, negative self-concept, functional limitations, empowering religion, disability as a test / trial / warning from God, as the disability provisions of the Lord, the attitude of resignation, and people with disabilities want to maintain the existence of self and the desire to serve. Theme of sexual activity is the husband-wife relationship/ intercourse, negative self-concept, sexual fungi limitation, the factors that encourage sexual activity, sexual function, and the desire to serve. Motivation living in patients affected by th...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan tantangan serius dalam kesehatan global, termasuk di Indonesia, dengan angka kejadian yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, terutama pada kelompok usia produktif. Literatur riview ini bertujuan untuk meninjau faktor-faktor risiko yang berkontribusi terhadap penularan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia serta mengevaluasi strategi pencegahan yang telah diterapkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka sederhana dengan menganalisis artikel ilmiah terakreditasi dari tahun 2020-2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko utama meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, riwayat penggunaan jarum suntik, riwayat keluarga/pasangan dengan HIV/AIDS, riwayat penyakit menular seksual, orientasi seksual, perilaku seksual tanpa kondom, dan riwayat perilaku seksual berisiko. Strategi pencegahan HIV/AIDS yang efektif melibatkan kombinasi pendekatan, seperti penggunaan kondom, terapi antiretroviral (ART), profilaksis pra-paparan (PrEP), profilaksis pasca-paparan (PEP), edukasi kesehatan, pengujian dan konseling HIV, program pengurangan risiko narkoba, keamanan transfusi darah, pencegahan transmisi dari ibu ke anak, dan pengurangan stigma sosial. Upaya komprehensif ini perlu diperkuat dengan pendidikan berkelanjutan dan intervensi berbasis komunitas untuk mengatasi hambatan seperti kurangnya akses layanan kesehatan dan stigma terhadap orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA).

Sexual edication or sex education is a form of knowledge related to the reproductive organs. Sexual education also discusses several topics such as the growth, function, and develompment of the reproductive organs, including menstruation, wet dreams, the emergence of sexual desire due to hormonal changes, and talks about marriage and pregnancy. Sex education plays an important role in being given to teenegers who are entering puberty, in order to prevent misunderstandings and the spread of incorret information regarding sexuality and reproductive healt among the younger generation.Obstetric complications during pregnancy and childbrith become the main contributor to the mortality rate of adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years. It is estimated that one in four sexually active teenagers is infected with a seually transmitted infection (STI), and around 3 million woman undergo unsafe abortions every year. Sex education also plays an important role in maintaining teenagers mental health and in shaping a positive sexual identity, thus helping to prevent stress, anxiety, and depression.

Perilaku seksual dan kebersihan alat reproduksi eksternal dengan kejadian penyakit menular seksual (PMS) pada Usia remaja di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Talise Kota Palu. Penyakit menular seksual (PMS) Merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan terutama melalui hubungan seksual, Kejadian PMS remaja terbanyak di wilayah kota palu yaitu Puskesmas Talise berjumlah 1,172 kasus. Yang di obati hanya 417 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk menganalisis Hubungan Perilaku seksual dan kebersihan alat reproduksi eksternal pada usia remaja di wilayah kerja Puskesmas talise Kota Palu. Jenis penelitian merupakan rancangan penelitian case control. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 84 Responden. Tehnik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Chy Square. Hubungan prilaku seksual dengan kejadian penyakit menular seksual (PMS) pada Usia remaja di tambah nilai p value 0,006 (α = 0,005). Hubungan kebersihan alat reproduksi eksternal dengan kejadian penyakit menular seksual (PMS) pada Usia remaja di tambah niali p value 0.016 (α = 0,005). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara prilaku seksual dan kebersihan alat reproduksi eksternal dengan kejadian penyakit menular seksual (PMS) pada usia remaja di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Talise Kota Palu. Saran bagi Instansi terkait untuk perbaikan perencanaan maupun implementasi program kesehatan reproduksi Kata kunci: Prilaku seksual,Kebersihan alat reproduksi eksternal.

Buku ini dirancang sebagai panduan pembelajaran komprehensif bagi mahasiswa kebidanan dan bidang kesehatan lainnya dalam memahami sistem reproduksi manusia. Dimulai dari anatomi dan fungsi organ reproduksi, proses fertilisasi, kehamilan, hingga persalinan dan perawatan bayi baru lahir, modul ini menyajikan materi secara sistematis dan mudah dipahami.

Lebih dari sekadar teori, buku ini mengajak peserta didik untuk menganalisis berbagai faktor yang memengaruhi kesehatan reproduksi, seperti peran hormon, gangguan sistem reproduksi, serta pemanfaatan teknologi reproduksi dalam praktik kebidanan modern. Latihan soal dan studi kasus juga disertakan untuk memperkuat pemahaman dan kemampuan berpikir kritis.

Dengan dilengkapi pemahaman etika dan hukum dalam praktik kebidanan, buku ini membekali peserta didik agar tidak hanya menjadi tenaga kesehatan yang kompeten, tetapi juga profesional yang berintegritas dan berempati dalam mendampingi setiap fase kehidupan ibu dan anak.

“Misteri Reproduksi: Memahami Proses Kehidupan Manusia” adalah buku yang mengajak pembaca untuk lebih memahami proses reproduksi manusia secara menyeluruh. Dari dasar-dasar biologi tentang bagaimana tubuh pria dan wanita berfungsi, hingga tahapan penting dalam reproduksi seperti pembuahan, perkembangan janin, dan persalinan. Buku ini juga mengulas tentang pentingnya ASI selama masa laktasi serta tantangan yang dihadapi ibu dalam menyusui.

Selain itu, buku ini membahas masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang dapat mengganggu kesuburan, serta kemajuan teknologi yang dapat membantu mengatasi masalah tersebut. Isu etis yang muncul seiring dengan penggunaan teknologi dalam bidang reproduksi juga dibahas secara mendalam, memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana hal tersebut memengaruhi hak asasi manusia dan masyarakat.

Dilengkapi dengan penjelasan yang mudah dipahami, buku ini juga mengangkat topik tentang pengaruh lingkungan, gaya hidup, dan nutrisi terhadap kesehatan reproduksi. Dengan perspektif yang luas, buku ini memberi pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana berbagai faktor biologis, sosial, dan budaya berinteraksi dalam proses kehidupan manusia.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a global health challenge despite advancements in antiretroviral therapies. Capsid inhibitors have emerged as promising agents due to their unique mechanism of action targeting the viral capsid, which plays a critical role in viral replication, assembly, and uncoating. Among these, lenacapavir—a first-in-class, long-acting capsid inhibitor—has shown substantial efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials, demonstrating prolonged antiviral activity, reduced dosing frequency, and a favorable safety profile. This review explores the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of novel capsid inhibitors, with a focus on lenacapavir’s potential to address issues of adherence and resistance. Additionally, the article discusses practical considerations, dosing strategies, and future directions in capsid inhibitor research, offering insights into the next generation of HIV therapeutics.

Gender dan seks sering kali dianggap sebagai konsep yang sama, tetapi keduanya memiliki makna yang berbeda. Seks mengacu pada perbedaan biologis antara laki-laki dan perempuan, seperti perbedaan kromosom, hormon, dan organ reproduksi. Sementara itu, gender adalah konstruksi sosial yang berkaitan dengan peran, perilaku, dan norma yang dikaitkan dengan jenis kelamin seseorang dalam masyarakat. Menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), gender mengacu pada karakteristik yang dikonstruksi secara sosial seperti peran, perilaku, dan identitas yang dikaitkan dengan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam suatu budaya. Hal ini berarti bahwa gender bukanlah sesuatu yang tetap, melainkan dapat berubah seiring waktu dan beragam di berbagai masyarakat.

Health care professionals who examine children who may have been sexually abused need to be able to recognize, and photo-document any physical signs, and to have access to expert reviewers, particularly when signs concerning for sexual abuse are found. Although the general consensus among practitioners is that children will show few signs of sexual abuse on examination, there is considerable variability and rates of positive exam findings among practitioners of different professions, practice settings, and countries. This review will summarize new data and recommendations regarding the interpretation of medical findings and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); assessment and management of pediatric patients presenting with suspected sexual abuse or assault; and testing and treating patients for STIs. Updates to a table listing an approach to the interpretation of medical findings are presented, and reasons for changes are discussed.

The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) over the past years has dramatically increased the life expectancy and the quality of life of patients infected with HIV-1 . Improvement in life expectancy has modified the family planning of serodiscordant couples and currently some couples in which the man is HIV-1-seropositive request assisted reproductive technology (ART), while other couples opt for free sexual intercourses and the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP) for the negative partner (Vernazza, Graf, Sonnenberg-Schwan, Geit, & Meurer, 2011). In both cases, since the semen quality is a key factor for reproductive success , the possible effect of HAART on sperm DNA integrity is of main interest. Semen quality of HIV-1-infected men has been evaluated in many studies reporting conflicting results, mainly due to the difficulty to analyze such an 794282J MHXXX10.

HIV-1-affected couples' desire to have children and free sexual intercourses with the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis for the negative partner has emerged as an alternative option to assisted reproduction in aviremic patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It is already known that sperm quality may be impaired in HIV-infected men. The underlying physiopathological mechanism is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HAART on sperm DNA fragmentation, comparing HIV-1-infected patients taking HAART versus naïve HIV-1-infected patients. This is a prospective case-control study. Sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation rate was evaluated by the sperm chromatin dispersion test in 77 HIV-infected men: 53 HIV-1 patients receiving HAART (Group 1) versus 24 naïve HIV-1 patients not receiving HAART (Group 2). Complete semen analysis was performed according to WHO 2010 recommendations. Patients with HBV infection or HCV infection coinfections and geni...

This paper discusses the Romanian translation of a few chiasmi in Measure for Measure. It proposes an interpretation of Shakespeare's use of these chiastic structures in the play, and examines the form, the structure, and the effect of these chiastic structures after the translation. Since Measure for Measure inspires meditation through the idea of appeasing justice with mercy in the application of the law, but shows no limitation of the application of justice by mitigating it with mercy, the happy ending appears as an artifice of the Duke. This paper views the use of chiasmi as a means of enabling the audience to achieve a mental transfer from the worldly to the spiritual, in order enable it to understand the play in relation to the teachings of the Bible without mentioning such precepts as such, and discusses whether and to what extent the effect of this transfer is retained in translation.

Segala puji bagi Allah Swt. yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya atas telah selesai penulisan buku dengan judul: EDUKASI SEKSUAL ORANG TUA TERHADAP ANAK DAN REMAJA. Sholawat dan salam semoga tetap tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad Saw, para keluarganya, para sahabat, dan kepada kita semua sebagai pengikut setia hingga akhir zaman. Dalam penyusunan buku ini penulis banyak mendapat dukungan, dan masukan dari berbagai pihak, sehingga buku ini dapat selesai sebagaimana mestinya. Maka penulis ucapkan banyak terimakasi kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu, semoga Allah membalas kebaikan kita semua dengan kemuliaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Terlepas dari semuanya,kami menyadari kemungkinan dalam penulisan laporan tahapan akhir ini masih banyak kekurangan sebagai akibat dari keterbatasan peneliti. Dengan segala kerendahan hati, saran dan kritik konstruktif sangat diharapkan dari segenap pembaca sekalian.

Clinical findings and prevalence of sexual transmited diseases among women attended at the Hospital Universitario de Puebla, 2008 INTRODUCCIÓN. Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) suelen adquirirse por contacto sexual. Los agentes causales tienen su reservorio único en el ser humano y por lo general no tienen vectores. Se producen por contacto de piel o mucosas. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que anualmente se presentan 340 millones de casos de ETS.

Disclosure of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to sexual partners is critical to the prevention, treatment and control of STIs. We examine intra-and inter-personal influences on willingness to disclose STI status among college-age males. Participants (n = 1064) were aged 17-24 years and recruited from a variety of university and community venues. Using independent samples t-test, Pearson chi-squares test, and binary logistic regression, we examined the relationship between willingness to disclose a STI and intra-and inter-personal factors, including age, masculinity values, interpersonal violence, partner cell phone monitoring, alcohol and/or drug use, condom use, number and characteristics of sex partners, and previous STI. Results reveal that among college-age males, type of sex partner and masculinity values are significant variables in predicting whether or not an individual is willing to disclose. These data can inform STI control programs to more effectively address the complex issues associated with STI disclosure to sex partners.

This article discusses people with HIV / AIDS, who often get negative stigma from society. This is due to a lack of insight into HIV / AIDS and low public awareness. People with HIV / AIDS, like healthy people, also have rights, especially their reproductive rights. Although reproductive rights have been discussed in fiqh and human rights, their application to people with HIV / AIDS is still not optimal. This article discusses the reproductive rights of people with HIV / AIDS from the perspective of fiqh and human rights. The type of research in this article is normative juridical research, the approach is a conceptual approach. There are two legal materials in this article, namely primary legal materials from laws and secondary legal materials from books, journals, internet and newspaper articles. It was found that according to the Syafi'i Madzhab of thought, the determination lies in the will of the husband. According to the Hanafiyah Madzhab, the will is on the husband and wi...

Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the common non-viral sexually transmitted infections that infect both men and women worldwide. It is largely asymptomatic and its association with the risk of HIV transmission has made it a compelling Public health concern. Therefore this study aimed at determining the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis amongst young women attending General Hospital Kwoi, wherein the method used was the wet prep method prepared with a vagina swab and viewed microscopically respectively. The overall prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis amongst young women attending General Hospital Kwoi was 24%(12/50). The occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis amongst young women is likely to be high, authors advocate for the screening of young people.

Kutil kelamin atau secara medis disebut kondilomata akuminata merupakan Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) yang paling umum terjadi di dunia. Kutil kelamin sebagian besar tidak akan menimbulkan gejala dan bahkan bersifat subklinis selama berbulan-bulan atau bertahun-tahun sehingga pasien tidak menyadari penyakitnya dan bahkan menularkan secara tidak sadar kepada orang lain. Program pendidikan terhadap masyarakat bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan anggota Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) HIV-AIDS tentang deteksi dini dan tatalaksana kutil kelamin.di Puskesmas Dinoyo. Desain yang diterapkan yaitu ceramah (penyuluhan) dan diskusi dengan topik bahasan meliputi definisi, manifestasi, pola penularan, deteksi dini, dan tatalaksana kutil kelamin. Serapan materi oleh peserta penyuluhan dievaluasi dengan uji pengetahuan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam satu hari, bertempat di Puskesmas Dinoyo, kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang dengan khalayak sasaran pasien poliklinik dan anggota LSM di bidang IMS dan HIV-AIDS. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan peserta mengenai deteksi dini dan tatalaksana kutil kelamin (p < 0,05). Berdasarkan pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan masyarakat efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan para anggota LSM dan tenaga medis yang bergerak di bidang Infeksi Menular Seksual dan HIV-AIDS mengenai deteksi dini dan tatalaksana kutil kelamin. Diharapkan kegiatan ini akan memberikan bantuan keilmuan pada masyarakat mengenai kutil kelamin dan selanjutnya akan menurunkan risiko penularan serta insiden penyakit. Kata kunci: deteksi dini, kutil kelamin, pendidikan masyarakat.

Kesehatan ibu merupakan target dalam Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) atau tujuan pembangunan millennium. Poin kelima dari target tersebut adalah meningkatkan kesehatan ibu. Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) merupakan indikator untuk menilai tingkat kesehtaan ibu. Indonesia tercatat sebagai negara yang memiliki Angka AKI tertinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara. T ahun 2003, Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) mencapai 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Angka tersebut telah turun menjadi 290,8 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2005. Data terakhir pada tahun 2007 menunjukkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) sebesar 228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Angka tersebut masih jauh dari target Millenium Development Goals (MDG’s) tahun 2015  yaitu 102 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan studi literatur dengan memperoleh data-data dari referensi atau literatur yang kemudian dianalisis. Untuk menurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia dapat dilakukan sebuah upaya atau program yait...

Gender itu tidak hanya menjelaskan tentang seksual, tetapi gender itu bermakna banyak yaitu seksual, kekerasan, bullying, dan banyaknya pekerja perempuan. Adapun pada kekerasan yang ditimbulkan pada perempuan yaitu ada beberapa faktor dengan adanya emosional, tidak hanya dengan fisik. Selain kekerasan ada juga kesetaraan gender tentang bullying, bullying itu pembulian antara satu dengan yang lain, pembulian ini biasanya terikat pada remaja yang sering bergerombolan atau tim.

Background: Child healthcare services (CHS) are meant to ensure as much as possible that every child live and grows up in a healthy environment and receives adequate nourishment for healthy living. To ensure effective child health services, each primary health centre (PHC) must provide the components or activities of CHS. Method: The multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw a sample of 474 mothers (366) and health providers (108) for the study. The Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population for the study consisted of 3666. The purpose of the study was to find out the availability and utilization of CHS in Primary Health Care Centres in Hong LGA, Adamawa State. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire designed by the researcher. Result: Means and percentage were used to analyze descriptive data. The criterion mean for adequacy and utilization was 2.50. The major findings of the study were as follows: All the CHS were available in PHCs (Growth monitoring: 84.1%, nutritional services: 96.3%, curative services: 100%, oral rehydration therapy: 100%, and immunization services: 100%), All the CHS were adequate (X = 2.98, SD = .92), All the CHS were adequate and utilized (X = 2.98, SD = 0.77) in PHCs. Conclusion: The researcher recommended that government should see that PHCs are located equally in both urban and rural areas, and that health workers should strengthen their teaching on the utilization of all the components of CHS especially growth monitoring and curative services.

Sexual transmitted diseases (included HIV/AIDS) are a common and preventable cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. When used consistently and correctly, condoms are effective to prevent these diseases, however, its protection does not account for 100%. To know the effectiveness of male condom, through bibliographic evidence, to prevent sexual transmitted infections in heterosexual serodiscordant partners. A bibliographical review of Medline/Pubmed, LILACS and Cochrane databases, and publications of the National Health Institutes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and WHO AIDS Global Program was done to analyze male condom effectiveness to prevent sexual transmitted diseases. Reports demonstrated that male condom protection against HIV/AIDS in heterosexual serodiscordant partners goes from 60 to 95%. Most recent information (2006) showed 80%. Two studies demonstrated no HPV protection with male condom, and another one 70% of protection. Male...

Özet Cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar (CYBH) tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de önemli sağlık sorunlarındandır. Bu araştırma ile genç erişkin ekeklerin CYBH, özellikle HIV/AIDS konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin ve bunlara etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araş ...

Lingkungan social sangat mempengaruhi perilaku dimana individu tersebut tumbuh dan berkembang. Begitupun dengan perilaku seksual seseorang, yang menunjukkan ketertarikannya kepada orang lain baik secara heteroseksual maupun homoseksual. Sama halnya dengan Gay, Waria dan Laki-laki Seks Laki-laki (GWL) muda di Kota Maklassar yang  merupakan komunitas homoseksual yang tertarik kepada orang berjenis kelamin sama. Komunitas masih tersembunyi, sehingga sulit untuk disentuh informasi terkait kesehatan reproduksi padahal perilaku seksualnya cenderung berisiko dan sudah aktif melakukan hubungan seksual dengan GWL yang lebih tua usianya.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi, mengkaji dan menganalisis perilaku seksual pada komunitas Gay, Waria, dan Laki-laki Seks Laki-laki (GWL) Muda di Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi mengenai Perilaku GWL-Muda dengan teknik obserevasi, wawancara mendalam,...

Penerima progam keluarga harapan (PKH) adalah keluarga prasejahtera yang memiliki anak masih sekolah, anak balita serta ibu hamil. Beranjak dari kondisi yang tidak mampu, pekerjaan yang tidak tetap bahkan pengangguran serta beban yang harus ditanggung keluarga besar karena memiliki anak yang banyak, sehingga mendorong mereka untuk melakukan apa saja untuk bertahan hidup. Salah satu kecamatan yang melaksanakan PKH memiliki permaasalahn komplek berkaitan dengan perilaku seksual anak anak di daerah tersebut. Penerima PKH hidup di lingkungan bekas terminal dimana pergaulan bebas, kehidupan malam berjalan dekat dengan pasar dan lokalisasi terselubung di sebelah Pasar Legi kota Blitar. Pengenalan seks sejak dini yang salah pada anak -anak membuat mereka prematur dalam memahami seks itu sendiri sehingga sering terjadi kasus-kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak. Kegiatan pengabdian ini menawarkan solusi atas permasalahan tersebut dengan memberikan pendampingan kepada orang tua tentang pendidik...

The article examined human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer in UATH, FCT, Abuja, while specific objectives were to investigate relationship between human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer, genital warts, cervical neoplasms, sexually active, oropharyngeal cancer. Methodology used was descriptive survey and availability sampling technique was adopted to determine sampling size of 100. It was discovered that human papilloma virus vaccine can prevent cervical cancer. Recommendation, it was recommended that Government should create policy for HPVV intake, since this can prevent the most common types of infection. To be most effective, inoculation should occur before the onset of sexual activity, and are therefore recommended between the ages of 9–13 years. Health workers should educate both males and females on early vaccination of human papilloma virus vaccine and every individual on the importance of HPVV. The management should ensure regular campaign on early and accurate intake of human papilloma virus vaccine.  Furthermore, Government should develop policy on creating strong awareness on the complications of human papilloma virus infection.

Kasus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan masalah utama dalam pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) pada indikator tujuan ketiga. Data HIV/AIDS Dinas kesehatan Provinsi Sulsel delapan tahun terakhir urutan pertama jumlah kumulatif pengidap HIV/AIDS dari seluruh kasus di kabupaten kota di Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan atau lebih dari 90% dari rata-rata seluruh kasus. Penelitian Gobel, tahun 2007 memperlihatkan 53,8% pengidap HIV dengan status menikah, dan 14,3% diantara ODHA tersebut pekerjaannya adalah ibu rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam pola pencarian pertolongan persalinan ibu pengidap HIV di YPKDS Kota Makassar Tahun 2020. Berdasarkan wawancara mendalam terhadap ibu ODHA, diperoleh informasi bahwa umumnya mereka melhirkan dibantu tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan, beberapa orang diantaranya melahirkan normal dan sebagian lainnya melahirkan dengan cara operasi sesar, tidak ada stigma yang mereka rasakan dari petugas kesehatan yang membantu pertolongan persalinan karena sejak awal mereka melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan dan melahirkan difasilitas kesehatan yang sama, sehingga petugas kesehatannya sudah tahu status HIV pasiennya sejak awal.

One attempt to control the population is increasing modern contraceptive use among men. However, IDHS 2012 reported that participation of men in modern contraceptive use is still very low, and haven&#39;t rich the target of RPJMN 2010-2014. This study examined the determinants of modern contraceptive use in married men aged 15-54 years in Indonesia. This study used Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey-Men Module 2012 (IDHS 2012) data, with a sample of 5812 married men aged 15-54 years old. Findings indicated that knowledge of condoms and ovulatory cycle, knowledge of vasectomy, perception; contraception is a woman&#39;s bussiness, perception of condoms, the number of living children and family planning discussions with health worker were most significantly associated with modern contraceptive use among married men. The dominant factor is the knowledge of condoms and ovulatory cycle (middle: OR = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.5 to 10.2; good: OR = 9.2; 95% CI: 4.2 to 20.9), and there is an inter...

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to assess risky sexual behaviors among adolescent students in some selected secondary and preparatory schools in North Gondar. Methods: Four hundred seventy four adolescent students were selected from four high Schools through simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaire. Quantitative analyses were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The results revealed that some students (23%) have ever had sexual intercourse experiences. The average age at the onset of sex was found to be 18. Peer group pressure was the main motivating forces that made students to engage in sexual activities followed by self initiation and pornographic films. Some students admitted that they had multiple sexual partners which would increase sexual and reproductive heath problems. Only few students reported that they always used condom during sexual intercourses with their regular partners. Nevertheless, more than half of adolescent students always used birth control methods when having sex with their regular partner. It was also found that some students had been engaged in casual sex which may lead to risk of sexual and reproductive health problems. The most worrisome finding is that there were some students who have ever had paid sex with prostitutes and not all of them always used condoms. In addition, some students had sex after heavy alcohol drinking and most of them never or inconsistently used condoms. Moreover, some female students had experienced unplanned pregnancy and almost all committed abortion as a solution to it. Conclusion-Therefore, Educators, Psychologists and Health professionals should help adolescents to practice safe sex through providing information and skill building in order to advance knowledge and skill of correct and consistent use of condom and birth control methods. And sex education shall be part of the curriculum. The present study examined only risky sexual behavior of adolescent students and thereby broader and detail investigation should be conducted.

We used a novel method to test for STIs among a non-healthcare-seeking military population in the San Diego region of California. Active-duty US Navy and Marine Corps personnel were randomly selected to provide urine specimens to Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, San Diego in October and November 2013 for the Department of Defense drug testing programme. If specimens screened negative for drugs (>99% of samples), urine specimens were discarded, deidentified and subsequently tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) using the Aptima Combo 2 and TV assay as specified by the manufacturer (Hologic, San Diego, CA, USA). The Tigris direct tube sampling system was used for highthroughput nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). Urine specimens older than 6 days were not tested due to sample degradation concerns. The overall prevalence of CT was 2.1% (95% CI 1.79 to 2.36, n=205/9953), GC 0.01% (95% CI 0.00 to 0.07, n=1/9953) and TV 0.12% (95% CI 0.03 to 0.38, n=3/2553). Prevalence was not significantly different from civilian estimates. 1 Prior military data show higher prevalence 2 but include higher prevalence groups (recruits, larger proportion of female or African American race/ethnicity) not comparable to the regional military population. In the USA, TV prevalence is higher in women than men (3.2% vs 1.9%, see online supplementary material), African Americans than Whites (6.9% vs 1.2%) and those ≥25 than 18-20 year olds (4% vs 1.5%) which may partially account for the low TV prevalence (0.12%); the military population is

This paper examines the connectedness of unmarried adolescents to parents, friends and key social institutions. The focus is on the role these groups play with respect to information, communication and monitoring about sexual and reproductive health as well as the association of parental monitoring and communication with sexual activity and condom use. We draw on 2004 nationally-representative survey data from 12-19 year olds and qualitative evidence from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with adolescents in 2003. The qualitative data show clear gender differences in communication: daughters get messages about avoiding pregnancy while sons are told only to "be careful." While fathers tend to be autocratic, mothers are considered to be sympathetic but not very helpful with information about sexual issues. Other adults, such as grandparents, are viewed as being very helpful about sex-related matters. Multivariate analyses of the survey data show a negative relationship between parental monitoring and recent sexual activity for both males and females and that the higher the level of monitoring, the lower the likelihood of recent sexual activity. Parental communication with adolescents about sex-related matters was not associated with sexual activity for males but had a positive association for female adolescents. Once adolescents are already sexually-active, parental monitoring and communication have little bearing on the use of condoms (one of the most common methods used by adolescents).

Menurut WHO (1992) sehat adalah suatu keadaan sejahtera fisik, mental, dan sosial yang utuh, bukan hanyabebas dari penyakitatau kecacatan, dalam segala aspek yang berhubungan dengan sistemreproduksi, fungsi serta prosesnya Menurut BKKBN, 1996 Kesehatan reproduksi adalah suatu keadaan sehat mental, fisik dan kesejahteraan sosial secara utuh pada semua hal yang berhubungan dengan sistem dan fungsi serta proses danbukan hanya kondisi yang bebas dari penyakit dan kecacatan serta dibentuk berdasarkan atasperkawinan yang sah, mampu memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual dan material yang layak,bertakwa pada Tuhan yang Maha Esa,spiritual memiliki hubungan yang serasi, selaras, seimbang antara anggota keluarga dan antara keluarga dan masyarakat dan lingkungan.