Sediment Contamination Indices

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Sediment contamination indices are quantitative measures used to assess the level of pollutants in sediment samples. These indices integrate various chemical, physical, and biological parameters to evaluate the degree of contamination, potential ecological risks, and the overall health of aquatic environments.

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Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques

by Harendra Singh

Heavy metal concentrations in sediment samples from the Tigris River were determined to evaluate the level of contamination. The highest concentrations of metals were found at the first site due to metallic wastewater discharges from... more

Fig. 1. Map showing sampling sites on the Tigris River.

Fig. 3. Dendrogram showing clustering of sampling sites on the Tigris River.

Fig. 2. Loading plots of the first two VFs obtained for the data set.

Cluster analysis (CA) was applied to the river sediment qual- ity data set to group the similar sampling sites (spatial variability). Spatial CA rendered a dendrogram (Fig. 3) where all seven sampling sites on the river were grouped into three statistically signifi- Fig. 5. Dendrogram showing clustering of the analyzed parameters.

Fig. 4. Dendrogram showing clustering of sampling periods.

Locations and description of sampling sites along the Tigris River. Table 1

Maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation values of heavy metals in sediments of all sites studied in the Tigris River. 0.05) indicated that there were significant relationships among the variables. Table 2 2.7. Statistical analyses

Heavy metal concentrations reported for previous studies conducted in the Tigris River. Table 3

Geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) and enrichment factors (EF) of heavy metals for sediments of all sites studied in the Tigris River. Table 6

Metal contamination factors (CFs) and pollution load indices (PLIs) for sediments of all sites studied in the Tigris River. Table 5

PEC quotients of heavy metals for sediments of all sites studied in the Tigris River. Table 8

Comparison between sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) with heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) of all sites studied in the Tigris River. Table 7 in all of samples at site-1 and 9 of samples at site-3. Ni exceeded the PEC in all of samples. Pb exceeded the PEC in all of samples at site-1 and site-4, 9 of samples at site-2, 10 of samples at site-3 and site- 6, 6 of samples at site-5 and 11 of samples at site-7. Zn exceeded the PEC in 3 of samples at site-1. These results indicate that the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb are likely to result in harm- ful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms which are expected to occur frequently. 3.4. Multivariate statistical analyses

' Bold and italic values indicate strong and moderate loadings, respectively. Loadings of experimental variables (10) on significant principal components for the Tigris River data set’.

Bold values represent correlation with significance. @ Significance at the 0.01 probability level (2-tailed). » Significance at the 0.05 probability level (2-tailed). Pearson correlation matrix of heavy metals in the Tigris River. Table 10

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