Sea pollution

Background and purpose: In the field of shipping and oil transportation, Iran complies with international laws and the World Maritime Organization, such as the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea approved in 1974 in the field of safety, the purpose of this article is to examine the status of Iran's accession to these conventions, and the impact of national safety and health laws and regulations affecting Iran's oil exports in comparison It is with international laws.
Materials and Methods: The study of international maritime transport safety documents affecting the oil export of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the library method was used to collect data and information.
Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.
Findings: The findings showed that matters related to shipping and shipping in Iran are affected by national and international laws. Also, a wide range of laws and regulations have an impact on the safety of maritime transportation and oil exports of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the approval of any law in this field, depending on the case, can lead to the degradation or improvement of maritime services on a quantitative and qualitative level.
Result: Comprehensive rules and regulations and an effective executive supervision system in the field of oil export for safety and health have not yet been approved and implemented in the country.

In this paper, the exogenic and endogenic compounds in three red algae Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Phyllophora crispa and Laurencia obtusa var. pyramidata were reported. Exogenic compounds detected are oil components and other pollutants such as, saturated and unsaturated aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, BHT, nonyl phenol and halogenated compounds as hexachloroethane and 4-chlorophenol. Endogenic compounds were fatty acids and its esters, eicosane, squalene, phytol. The algae can be used for monitoring of the sea pollution.

This work developed a reconfigurable Simulink-Autodesk Inventor similitude of multistage processes involved in medium scale urban runoff wastewater treatment plants WTPs. The reenactment approach for wastewater handling is modelled with detailed attention to its fundamental stages. Parameter identification techniques were used for stream improvement processes to realize a flexible and practicable virtual plant. Simulation results were obtained for wastewater treatment in the grit chamber, activated charcoal, coagulation and sedimentation basins respectively. Reduction in sand concentration and the volumetric flow rate of feedstock to effluent are / to Volume of the chamber in 3 Volumetric flow rate (/)

International audienceDuring five years, in the frame of the NAOMI (New Advanced Observation Method Integration) research project, Total and ONERA have worked on radar and optical imagery to detect, characterize and quantify slicks at sea. Laboratory and pool measurements, physical modelling and offshore experiments have been combined to fully understand the signal collected over slick-covered area. As the measured signal is analytically expressed according to the geophysical parameters of the imaged slick, it enables to fully monitor the ocean surface: is a slick present? What kind of slick is it (extremely thin or not)? Is it a known product (existing in the data base)? Can the thickness be probed by the used of optical or radar device? What is the slick volume? In the Health Security and Environment (HSE) context, an exhaustive measurement campaign can be done in order to create a data base with hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon emulsion signatures, extinction coefficients, skin depths,...

Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to

Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to

Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to

The science teaching materials needed today are teaching materials that can make students literate in science. One way is to develop teaching materials based on scientific literacy. To produce good teaching materials, certain designs are needed to achieve learning goals and can improve students' scientific literacy. Students who have studied chemistry should be able to analyze natural phenomena in scientific chemistry, one of which is marine pollution. This research was conducted to design high school chemistry teaching materials in connecting the context of sea pollution with chemical solution material. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative which refers to the Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). The instruments used were standard competence validation sheets, text analysis sheets, and teaching material validation sheets. The results showed: a) The results of the indicator standard competence validation and learning objectives cognitive and attitude aspects, the results of text analysis and the results of the validation of teaching materials, all obtained valid categories, with the average value of each CVI was 0.91; 0.93; 0.94; and 0.95, b) The design of teaching materials include the contact stage, the curriculum stage, the elaboration stage, the decision-making stage, and the Nexus stage.

Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to

Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to

Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. For general guidance on matters relating to the use of maps in publications please go to

The objective of this article is to discuss the modeling and simulation of the motion of oil spots in the open sea, and the effect on the pollutant concentration when a polluted water pumping ship follows a pre-assigned trajectory to remove the pollutant. We assume here that the oil spots motion is due to the coupling of diffusion, the transport from the wind, sea currents and pumping process and the reaction due to the extraction of oil, implying that the mathematical model will be of advection-reactiondiffusion type. Our discussion includes the description of a parallelization of the selected numerical procedure. We present some results of numerical experiments showing that indeed the parallelization makes the model evaluation more efficient.

The author keeps raising issues related to the environment in her works, which function as the beautiful elements and the backdrop of events. Recently, more writers are beginning to use environment as the main theme to move stories and their thoughts.. This study analyses the destruction of coral reefs in the short story "Kami Akan Mati, Lin" (We Will Die, Lin) authored by Seroja Theavy Balakrishnan. The main focus on the scrutiny is on the maritime pollution which has become the cause of coral destruction. The findings indicate that the destruction was due to the water pollution (sea and river) following human activities, such as ship waste disposal, logging, industrial activities, developments, and illegal catching of coral reefs. These activities cause that rivers and seas to be polluted, which in turn, threatens the ecology of marine life including that of the coral reefs. In conclusion, human activities pollute the seas and rivers, and illegal catching of coral reefs lead to the extinction of marine ecology, which consequently threatens human life again.