S. epidermidis

Objective: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate an anti-acne cream of fig leaves extract. Methods: The methods included formulation and evaluation of anti-acne cream, antibacterial activity assay against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, irritancy test, and preference test. The oil-in-water creams were made with various extract concentrations (1, 2, and 3%). Results: Greenish cream with fig fragrant, viscosity ranging from 332 to 388 cP, pH ranging from 6.69 to 7.23, and oil-in-water type. Antibacterial activity was dose-dependent, without irritancy, erythema, and edema, and the most preferred cream based on the texture and fragrance was the 3% extract formula. Conclusion: Fig leaves extract can be made into a safe cream with antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. epidermidis.

Objective: The objective of the work was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-biofilm activity of green synthesized silver and iron oxide nanoparticles comparatively. Methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized using a rapid, single-step and completely by a green biosynthetic method employing aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and X-Ray Diffraction. Bacterial strains used in this study included Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biofilm reduction was evaluated through ring test using crystal violet as a staining agent. Results: Colour change was observed after half an hour, which indicated the formation of silver and iron nanoparticles. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV and XRD. The anti-biofilm forming ability of AgNPs and FeNPs were compared with standard antibiotic. It was found that FeNPs showed more biofilm destruction ability (58%) for S. compared to P. aeruginosa (50%) and standard (30%). Whereas, AgNPs displayed significant biofilm destruction ability (78%) for P. aeruginosa compared to S. epidermidis (43%) and standard (34%). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this investigation, it is concluded that FeNPs have anti-biofilm activity against S. epidermidis whereas AgNPs have anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa.

Background. Despite the significant risk of infection, prosthetic graft materials have become indispensable for incisional hernia repair. Composite and lightweight grafts have been developed to overcome adhesion and rigidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro S. epidermidis and S. aureus adherence to these new generation grafts, which have modified composition and textile properties. Materials and Methods. In this experimental study, sterile samples of multifilament polypropylene, multifilament lightweight composite, monofilament composite, and monofilament polypropylene grafts were incubated with slime positive S. epidermidis and S. aureus strains for 24 h. The grafts were washed and vortexed in saline. The saline was passaged to blood agar and incubated for 24 h. The colonies were counted. Naïve and incubated graft materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy to reveal both textile properties and biofilm formation. Physicochemical properties were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results. S. epidermidis showed a significantly decreased adherence to monofilament polypropylene graft, and increased adherence to multifilament polypropylene graft (P < 0.05). S. aureus showed a significant affinity for monofilament composite graft (P < 0.05). SEM studies showed that biofilm formation was present on multifilament polypropylene graft. Conclusions. Both S. epidermidis and S. aureus had significantly less adherence to multifilament lightweight composite than multifilament polypropylene graft. S. epidermidis showed a greater affinity to monofilament composite graft compared with monofilament polypropylene graft. Overall S. epidermidis adherence for multifilament lightweight composite and monofilament composite was less than multifilament polypropylene and higher than monofilament polypropylene. S. epidermidis and S. aureus showed different adherence for each graft. Changes in material composition and textile properties may well influence bacterial adherence.