Red deer

Régime alimentaire d'Eucladoceros ctenoides 133 RESUME Le régime de deux sous-espèces d'Eucladoceros ctenoides (NESTI 1841), E. ctenoides vireti HEINTZ 1970, provenant du gisement paléontologique de Saint-Vallier (Drôme, France), et E. ctenoides senezensis DEPÉRET 1910, provenant du site de Senèze (Haute-Loire, France), a été étudié à l'aide des caractères morphologiques du crâne et de la mandibule, ainsi que l'usure de la deuxième molaire supérieure. Les caractères crâniens ont été testés sur des spécimens actuels de cervidés à régime folivore (tels le chevreuil, l'élan et le cerf de Virginie) et sur d'autres à régime mixte d'herbe et feuillage (à des degrés divers, le cerf du Père David, le daim, le chital, le sambar, l'élaphe et le wapiti). Les résultats ont montré que les deux sous-espèces d'Eucladoceros ont maintenu la même niche écologique et le même régime. Elles étaient caractérisées par une morphologie crânienne plus proche de celle des folivores que des taxons ayant un régime mixte. La morphologie fonctionnelle se révèle un instrument incontournable là où l'échantillonnage fossile est trop maigre pour la seule utilisation d'autres méthodes (par exemple, les méthodes fondées sur l'usure dentaire).

To illustrate the most important sources of venison (deer meat) in the world, the examples in this article are taken from the deer farming industry in New Zealand and the traditional reindeer husbandry cultures in Fennoscandia (Sweden, Norway, and Finland) and Alaska (with roots in Russia and Fennoscandia). These deer industries are mainly focused around pasture-based venison production systems. The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the most common deer species for venison production in New Zealand (Figure 1) while the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) dominate venison production in Fennoscandia and Alaska (Figure 2). Reindeer husbandry is performed in a less-intensive way than red deer farming, with the reindeer free ranging (not enclosed in fenced areas) in forests and on the mountain tundra. Both reindeer in Fennoscandia and red deer in New Zealand are occasionally fed supplements or replacements, particularly during winter when pastures cannot provide enough nutrition for mainten...

The damages caused by Wild boar in Piedmont region (NW Italy) in the period 1986-1990 are presented. An analysis was performed on the data from Cuneo Province. This area represents well most ecological and agricultural landscapes of the region.

This paper presents a bioeconomic analysis of a red deer population within a Norwegian institutional context. This population is managed by a well-defined manager, typically consisting of many landowners operating in a cooperative manner, with the goal of maximizing the present-value hunting related income while taking browsing and grazing damages into account. The red deer population is structured in five categories of animals (calves, female and male yearlings, adult females and adult males). It is shown that differences in the per animal values and survival rates ('biological discounted' values) are instrumental in determining the optimal harvest composition. Fertility plays no direct role. In the numerical illustration it is shown that the optimal harvest pattern stays quite stable under various parameter changes. It is revealed which parameters and harvest restrictions that is most important. We also show that the current harvest pattern involves too much yearling harvest compared with the economically efficient level.

The present phylogeographic pattern of red deer in Eurasia is not only a result of the contraction of their distribution range into glacial refugia and postglacial expansion, but probably also an effect of replacement of some red deer s.l. mtDNA lineages by others during the last 50 000 years. To better recognize this process, we analysed 501 sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b, including 194 ancient and 75 contemporary samples newly obtained for this study. The inclusion of 161 radiocarbon-dated samples enabled us to study the phylogeny in a temporal context and conduct divergence-time estimation and molecular dating. Depending on methodology, our estimate of divergence between Cervus elaphus and Cervus canadensis varied considerably (370 000 or 1.37 million years BP, respectively). The divergence times of genetic lineages and haplogroups corresponded to large environmental changes associated with stadials and interstadials of the Late Pleistocene. Due to the climatic oscillations, the...

SUMMARY - The stability of biomass has been used as a useful parameter to indicate the range of fluctuations of primary productivity in grasslands. Stability is closely related to many properties of ecosystems such as inertia, richness, disturbance level, primary productivity, etc. In this paper, we shall explore the properties of stability as a grazing indicator for an appropriate management of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve and National Park (SW Spain). We have found that this parameter is very useful to determine semi- quantitative scales of disturbance that could be applied to sustainable management systems of Mediterranean grasslands.

The pictorial work of Professor Jos Hoffmann: flora, fauna, and landscapes -On the book "Inventaire des tableaux peints par Jos Hoffmann", published by Jean-Paul Hoffmann. The article presents the book "Inventaire des tableaux peints par Jos Hoffmann", compiled by Jean-Paul Hoffmann and published as a private edition in two volumes in 2024. The book features 180 reproductions of paintings depicting plants, insects, landscapes, and various other subjects. Around forty of these paintings were exhibited in Mersch in 1981 during an exhibition organised by Jos Hoffmann in tribute to Dr Ernest Feltgen. Another set-about thirty paintings focused on terrestrial Heteroptera (true bugs)-originates from the exhibition "Une page de zoologie appliquée", held in Luxembourg in 1979 at the initiative of Jos Hoffmann and Léopold Reichling on the occasion of the 75 th birthday of Marcel Heuertz, former director of the Luxembourg State Museums. The book is enriched with biographical notes on Jos Hoffmann, a professor of biology and zoology, the father of Jean-Paul Hoffmann-a chemist and former deputy director of the National Health Laboratory-and of Jules Hoffmann, a biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine.

We examined the jaw size, age and sex distribution of 324 red deer constituting a comprehensive record of all recreational hunting kills made by a single hunter of the Tararua ranges of North Island New Zealand over a period 20 years (1976-1996). The proportion of stags shot at times other than the rut (March - April) was not significantly different to that in a sample of deer obtained by commercial helicopter hunting and did not change significantly after the first three years of hunting regardless of any effect of helicopter hunting. Conversely, significantly greater numbers of males were shot during the months of the rut and this proportion increased significantly after the first three years of hunting presumably as a result of increased selectivity and or skill. The recreational hunter harvested significantly greater numbers of older animals than did helicopter hunters. The proportion of older animals shot during, and at times other than the rut, increased significantly after th...

Male reproductive success is determined by the ability of males to gain sexual access to females and by their ability to fertilize ova. Among polygynous mammals, males differ markedly in their reproductive success, and a great deal of effort has been made to understand how selective forces have shaped traits that enhance male competitiveness both before and after copulation (i.e., sperm competition). However, the possibility that males also may differ in their fertility has been ignored under the assumption that male infertility is rare in natural populations because selection against it is likely to be strong. In the present study, we examined which semen traits correlate with male fertility in natural populations of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). We found no trade-offs between semen traits. Our analyses revealed strong associations between sperm production and sperm swimming velocity, sperm motility and proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa, and sperm viability and acrosome integrity. These last two variables had the lowest coefficients of variation, suggesting that these traits have stabilized at high values and are unlikely to be related to fitness. In a fertility trial, our results show a large degree of variation in male fertility, and differences in fertility were determined mainly by sperm swimming velocity and by the proportion of morphologically normal sperm. We conclude that male fertility varies substantially in natural populations of Iberian red deer and that, when sperm numbers are equal, it is determined mainly by sperm swimming velocity and sperm morphology.

Increasingly, conservation genetics pinpoint the use of biological matrices collected without stressing wildlife. Cervid’s antlers seem to fit with this need. We verified the amplification success rate from DNA obtained from red deer antlers collected in the State Nature Reserve of Bosco della Mesola, Northern Italy and its use for conservation purposes. Here occurs the only native red deer population of peninsular Italy, recently recognized as a distinct subspecies (Cervus elaphus italicus). Four antlers stored at room temperature for four years and four samples highly degraded by environmental conditions were analyzed using a multimarker approach. We utilized a simple, inexpensive method to extract DNA from drilled antlers powder. This study confirms that weathered antlers can be a suitable source of DNA also in Mediterranean climate characterized by strong seasonal fluctuations, and not only in dry climates. Our results pointed out that only burr drilling yielded good quality ampl...

The present phylogeographic pattern of red deer in Eurasia is not only a result of the contraction of their distribution range into glacial refugia and postglacial expansion, but probably also an effect of replacement of some red deer s.l. mtDNA lineages by others during the last 50 000 years. To better recognize this process, we analysed 501 sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b, including 194 ancient and 75 contemporary samples newly obtained for this study. The inclusion of 161 radiocarbon-dated samples enabled us to study the phylogeny in a temporal context and conduct divergence-time estimation and molecular dating. Depending on methodology, our estimate of divergence between Cervus elaphus and Cervus canadensis varied considerably (370 000 or 1.37 million years BP, respectively). The divergence times of genetic lineages and haplogroups corresponded to large environmental changes associated with stadials and interstadials of the Late Pleistocene. Due to the climatic oscillations, the...

The fallow deer (Dama dama L.) was introduced into Brijuni in 1911. Brijuni are a group of islands in the Adriatic Sea along the western coast of the southern peak of the Istrian Peninsula in the Croatia. The area consists of fourteen islands of total area of 736 ha and was declared a National Park in 1983. The whole group of islands is characterized by Mediterranean climate with an average daily temperature of 5.6 °C in winter and 22.7 °C in summer. The fallow deer has adapted well and survived till present day due to the favourable climate, but they are most present on the island of Veliki Brijun with total area of 579 ha (44°53`N, 13°42`E). The objective of this paper was to research the growth variability of the fallow deer in the Brijuni National Park using four somatic measurements (body weight, height at withers, height of back and trunk length). The animals were classified into three age classes, between period of 2009 and 2010. The results confirmed existence different grow...

The Corsican red deer is an endangered subspecies that needs artificial translocation projects to gain its complete recovery with the formation of viable, interconnected populations. Between 2007 and 2017, we performed two reintroduction projects in four sites in central–eastern Sardinia via tracking 32 deer by means of GPS/GSM radiotelemetry. On the basis of the obtained results, we built a species distribution model (SDM) using MaxEnt software, selecting 200 random points from the merged deer core areas as presence data. Furthermore, to evaluate the sanitary risk linked to artificial translocations, we analyzed deer positivity to Bluetongue virus (BTV) in the founder populations. The SDM showed a high deer capability to colonize central–eastern Sardinia, but it also showed the possibility of spreading BTV to domestic sheep because sanitary analyses confirmed the virus’ presence in the founder populations. Our main conclusion was that reintroductions are effective tools for the lon...

The present study focused on the importance of translocation as stressful event in an endangered cervid species causing fatal consequences during capture operations. Fourteen free-ranging Sardinian red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) have been captured for restocking propose in a protected area of southwestern Sardinia. The cervids were chemically immobilized, transported to a restocking area and released in the wild. Sixteen hours after the release, a pregnant hind was found dead and a complete necropsy was performed. Post-capture blood samples showed increased levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol and potassium and were highly indicative of stress-linked muscle damage. The macro-and microscopic lesions consisted of muscular and cardiac degeneration, and renal injury. In the kidneys, the presence of myoglobin in intratubular casts, detected by immunohistochemistry assay, suggested an acute renal failure associated with myoglobinuric nephrosis as a consequence of rhabdomyolysis. The pathological findings were indicative of capture myopathy in a Cervus elaphus corsicanus. This condition has never been reported in the endangered Corsican red deer. This report underlines that mortality from capture is a risk that must be considered during restocking programs. Further studies are needed to minimize stress to preserve wildlife from the risk of fatal consequences due to human interactions.

The red deer is portrayed in Post-Paleolithic rock art from the Iberian Peninsula (10,000-4,000 BCE) as a liminal creature—positioned between wildness and domestication. Though never fully domesticated, its behavioral adaptability allowed for semi-captive management in open areas enclosed by natural or artificial barriers. Rock art and archaeological evidence from across Europe suggest early efforts at proto-herding practices with red deer, undertaken under semi-controlled conditions during the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic periods—comparable to strategies used by North Scandinavian groups with reindeer. A prerequisite for such management was the live capture of uninjured animals. Iberian Post-Paleolithic rock art offers crucial insight into this complex endeavor, illustrating non-lethal techniques designed not to kill but to subdue deer—often within highly structured or ritualized hunting frameworks. The images reveal specialized hunting practices employed by skilled individuals or organized groups. This study employs a combined iconographic and contextual methodology, integrating digital image analysis with archaeological and ethnographic data. The framework includes standardized visual analysis of motifs, spatial configuration assessment, comparative iconography, excavation reports, material finds, ethnographic parallels, and correlation with archaeo-zoological data. This interdisciplinary approach enables the identification of temporal and functional shifts in techniques, practices, and symbolic meanings over time. The analyzed corpus reveals a range of live-capture methods: lassos, snares, long and crossed bows, corral traps, throwing nets, rocket nets, drug-laced bait or darts, and persistence hunting. Evidence suggests that the capture of deer served diverse purposes beyond economic exploitation for meat, milk (noted for their excellent organoleptic properties), leather, prestige items, transport, and medicine. First, the live seizure of red deer held intrinsic ritual and social value. Levantine rock art depicts spectacular mass captures of male deer in ceremonial contexts, often involving entire communities. These events, performed with bare hands or rope implements, were staged in arena-like spaces with music, parades, and communal dances. Secondly, the preference for live capture respected cultural taboos, avoiding excessive bloodshed and aligning with beliefs that animals must return to the Earth. Persistence hunting—exhausting the animal to the point of capture—was one such method. Lastly, deer was involved in shamanic rituals, serving as spirit guides. These practices reflect the sacred and mythic significance of the stag in Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures. In sum, this multidimensional investigation reveals the deep entanglement between symbolic systems and subsistence strategies, highlighting the complex interrelation of ecological knowledge, ritual behavior, and cultural innovation.

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease diffused worldwide, and wildlife species are commonly considered to be important epidemiological carriers. Four-hundred and forty-one serological and 198 renal samples from red deer, roe deer and chamois collected in the Province of Sondrio were analysed using the microscopic agglutination test and histopathologic examination. Positive serological findings were found only in 15 red deer and 19 positive serologic reactions were recorded. The most frequent serovars were Bratislava and Grippotyphosa, followed by Pomona, Hardjo and Copenhagheni. Twenty-two per cent of renal samples from seropositive red deer were affected by mild to moderate multifocal chronic lymphoplasmacytic and fibrosing tubulo-interstitial nephritis, mainly involving the cortical parenchyma. In this study, antibodies to Leptospira spp. were infrequent in wild ruminants, and only red deer seemed to be sensitive to the infection. Given the low presence and the fact that ...

Conservation is often operationalized as a minimization of human intervention in nature. However, many socialecological systems depend on human interventions to maintain characteristics of biological diversity. Therefore, reduced use or full abandonment of such systems can diminish rather than enhance biological diversity and its related cultural diversity (biocultural diversity). We link the definition of "underuse" with the extinction rate used in the planetary boundaries framework to support a more objective use of the term. We execute a structured cross-continental review of underuse in social-ecological systems of regions that contain more affluent countries to frame a global research agenda on underuse. Our working approach delineates causes, consequences, and strategies concerning underuse. Based on this comparative review, we identify causes of underuse that are similar in different continents, including globalization, and demographic or structural change in Europe, Japan and Oceania. Conservation paradigms emphasizing wilderness ideals in policies are characteristic of underuse in North America, whereas post-socialist transformation processes characterize underuse in Eastern Europe. Land abandonment and de-intensification of use are a common result, particularly in marginal and protected areas. Consequences of the loss of biocultural diversity include the loss of ecosystem services, traditional knowledge, or landscape amenities. We identified a pervasive gap in transcontinental comparative research that stymies the development of effective strategies to reduce underuse of biological diversity and thereby maintain related cultural diversity. We advocate for a global research agenda on governance approaches that address the challenges of underuse. Within this agenda, we emphasize the need for an international cross-case synthesis and a trans-continental mapping of state and civil society-based interventions and co-management approaches to reestablish humans as parts of ecological systems. Such comparative work on best practice cases in a real-world context should enhance adaptive management of biocultural diversity and prevent extinction caused by underuse. Thus, this innovative connection between underuse and the planetary boundary extinction rate, along with our new global research agenda on underuse, should initiate much needed support for policy makers and natural resource managers who must decide on appropriate types and levels of human intervention to implement, both inside and outside of protected areas.

Bark peeling by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) has become a serious issue for productive forests in western Europe. The damage is particularly severe on species such as spruce, as these become vulnerable to fungus attacks that result in considerably depreciated timber. This article presents a monitoring setup for recent bark peeling damage in spruce plantings in Wallonia (southern part of Belgium). This setup implies to collect data annually from a survey involving cluster sampling. It has been employed since 2004 in coniferous stands amounting to 165,000 ha of land, where Norway spruce is the predominant species. The study area was divided into blocks delineated along features preventing deer migrations. A set of indicators was computed either at the whole study area level or at block level. The resulting set of indicators enabled forest managers to follow up debarking intensity in productive forests. Additional analyses were carried out in order to assess the relationship between the social position of trees in the stand and the debarking probability on the one hand, and the relationship between the variation in damage magnitude and seasonality, namely summer versus winter, on the other hand.

Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is a major production tree species for the European wood industry. However, it is highly sensitive to bark stripping (BS) by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.), which causes large timber losses. Because the red deer population has increased over the last decades, a better understanding of the underlying causes driving BS is urgently needed. BS outbreaks are multifactorial: winter food shortage, local and regional deer abundance and stand properties (thermal and visual cover, and scarcity of herbaceous layers) have been found to drive BS rates. Although the influence of each of these factors is well studied, there is still no consensus on their relative contributions to BS or what mitigation strategy is best. In this study, we made use of a long-term, large-scale BS inventory (13 years over 2570 km 2 ) to fill these gaps. We modeled winter and summer BS rates in response to the most explanatory variables, selected from a large set of environmental variables. Our results highlight the prevalence of deer abundance combined with high sensitivity of coniferous thickets and pronounced habitat selection by deer for these stands. Our findings show that the control of red deer populations is a key measure for reducing BS in Norway spruce stands.

Bark peeling by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) has become a serious issue for productive forests in western Europe. The damage is particularly severe on species such as spruce, as these become vulnerable to fungus attacks that result in considerably depreciated timber. This article presents a monitoring setup for recent bark peeling damage in spruce plantings in Wallonia (southern part of Belgium). This setup implies to collect data annually from a survey involving cluster sampling. It has been employed since 2004 in coniferous stands amounting to 165,000 ha of land, where Norway spruce is the predominant species. The study area was divided into blocks delineated along features preventing deer migrations. A set of indicators was computed either at the whole study area level or at block level. The resulting set of indicators enabled forest managers to follow up debarking intensity in productive forests. Additional analyses were carried out in order to assess the relationship between the social position of trees in the stand and the debarking probability on the one hand, and the relationship between the variation in damage magnitude and seasonality, namely summer versus winter, on the other hand.

& Context Over the past few decades, the impact of large herbivorous ungulates on forest vegetation has been clearly highlighted. Among those impacts, bark stripping of coniferous trees is one of the most damaging. Bark stripping leads to rot development, inducing serious loss of timber value. & Aims The present study aimed firstly at evidencing the factors explaining the variations observed in fresh bark peeling rate for spruce and Douglas-fir in southern Belgium and secondly at identifying the key factors to consider when setting up a deer management plan. & Method Fresh bark peeling rate was recorded with a systematic sampling survey from 2004 to 2007. The covered territory was then divided into 63 distinct hunting zones of area ranging from 1,000 to 25,000 ha. About 5,000 plots were monitored annually. Each zone was characterized with a large number of explanatory variables. The explanatory variables were integrated firstly into fixed linear models using a stepwise procedure, and then into a mixed model. & Results The significant variables included in the model (R 2 044 %) are (by decreasing order of importance) red deer densities, proportion of coniferous stands and agricultural areas, snow cover, distance to urban habitats, and species diversity in the understory. & Conclusion The models revealed the impacts of several factors on bark peeling: deer density, deer-carrying capacity of the territory, landscape structure, and severity of winter conditions. The adjusted model allowed subtracting the impact of winter conditions in order to produce a relevant indicator for hunting management. In addition, the model was used to assess the sensitivity of a forested area to bark peeling based on its environmental characteristics.

The objective was to estimate environmental effects and genetic parameters on growth traits in a flock of farmed red deer of the central Mexican highland. Animals were raised on an intensive rotational grazing system of grass-legume mixed temperate pastures. Evaluated traits were birth (BW), weaning adjusted to 100 d (WW) and yearling (YW) weights. Analyses were performed using the MTDFREML program.

Summary  We investigated the effects of three types of host on the persistence of a tick‐borne virus, using the grouse–hare–deer–tick–louping ill virus system of upland Britain. Each host differed in its interaction with the vector and pathogen. Grouse amplify virus only, deer amplify vector only and hares amplify both. Grouse alone suffer high virus‐induced mortality.  An analytical model of the system was parameterized using empirical data from two wild populations with different community structures. By changing relative host densities we examined the conditions under which the virus would persist and considered the possibility of parasite‐mediated competition between hosts.  Although deer alone and grouse alone were unable to maintain louping ill virus, a deer–grouse community usually allowed virus persistence because grouse transmitted virus while deer maintained the tick population. Since virus reduces grouse populations this is a type of apparent competition, and is unusual b...

Autors: O. Dobrovanov. In: Multidisciplinárny prístup k prevencii v kontexte ošetrovateľstva, manažmentu, sociálnych a verejno-zdravotníckych aspektov, / [urednik Ana Sabo]. - Bački Petrovac : Pharm-advice plus, 2025 (Košice) - 491 str.: ilustr.: 21 cm
Tiraž 100. - Bibliografija uz svaki rad. ISBN 978-8682536-04-8 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33985.67681

Introduction: Vitamin D is a hormone that is extremely important for the body. In the past, it was associated mainly with disorders of calcium, phosphorus and bone metabolism.
Core: We draw your attention to two pathways of vitamin D metabolism - classical (responsible for bone metabolism) and at the cellular level (responsible for extra-osseous effects). The relationship of vitamin D to several diseases, the incidence of which is increasing even in childhood (obesity, arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, autoimmunity, immunodeficiencies and others), is important.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the 2 pathways of vitamin D metabolism has contributed to the reassess-ment of its supplementation in childhood and adolescence, which implies the need to routinely exam-ine the concentration of vitamin D in case of its deficiency and to supplement in the right doses, espe-cially in the winter months. The lack of vitamin D stores leads to the blocking of the 2nd pathway of its metabolism and thus slowly blocks all extra-osseous effects. However, in the case of vitamin D deficiency, bone metabolism can be compensated for a long time. However, it is necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the 1st pathway of vitamin D metabolism and the sufficient amount of its storage form, because without the 1st pathway, the 2nd pathway of vitamin D metabolism does not work.

The Uses of Time Concepts in Historical and Philosophical Research Workshop History, Philosophy and Rhetoric of Time (1 st edition) The first edition of History, Philosophy and Rhetoric of Time will be held at the University of Extremadura. It aims to foster both theoretical and applied innovative research at the crossroads of history and philosophy. Following Reinhart Koselleck contribution to the history of concepts, this yearly meeting is addressed to yield innovative results through the participation of both senior and junior scholars. By exploring the interconnections between historical times and layers of meanings regarding classical and recent concepts, contributors are expected to analyze concrete aspects of interest in the spheres of the humanities closely related to reflections on the role of time as to shaping historical and rhetorical descriptions as well as mainstream interpretations of past events and concepts. Time is thus understood both as a condition enabling historical and philosophical knowledge and a restrain to possible futures if interpreted from the perspective of future oriented concepts typical of the very phenomenon of modernity. Under that premise this workshop surveys the influence of conceptual change as an intrinsic dimension of historical and philosophical, argumentatively oriented, enquiries into the continuum of past, present and future. The present workshop is an opportunity to revamp methodological research and to modestly contribute to the advancements between disciplines. Its interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary goals openly challenge narrower perspectives about the chance to produce knowledge solely on the base of reappraised versions of concepts. If concepts are understood as perennial ones irrespective of apparently minor changes, their pervasive effects on resulting concepts are left out. In fact, efforts to clarify the uses of the past mirror ideologies and historiographical accounts in varying degrees. The feedback from senior scholars is a basic training test for junior ones. Any scholar interested on the fields of conceptual history, intellectual history, political thought, political philosophy or adjacent disciplines is welcome to take part in this person-to-person event. All necessary steps will be taken so contributions are published with impact index. Paper Proposals: Please submit proposals (up to 200-word abstracts and contact details) before 20th June 2025 both to Diego Vicente Sánchez

En el campo de la ecologia trofica, un tema prioritario es estudiar como el solapamiento de dietas conduce a procesos de coexistencia o de competencia. Para conocer cual es el estado de conocimiento actual sobre esta cuestion, realizamos una revision bibliografica en el buscador cientifico Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge y en la bibliografia especializada no indexada escrita en castellano. La revision se centro en trabajos sobre las familias Bovidae, Equidae y Cervidae. En concreto, evaluamos como la disponibilidad de recursos, el hecho de que las especies perteneciesen a una familia de ungulados concreta, y su naturaleza salvaje o domestica, influyen sobre el solapamiento en la dieta. Para analizar la informacion usamos una seleccion de modelos basada en el criterio de Akaike. El solapamiento fue maximo cuando conviven bovidos con equinos, y minimo cuando lo hacen cervidos con bovidos. La disponibilidad de alimento tuvo poca importancia sobre el solapamiento, y el hecho de que las...

La mode actuelle des grands herbivores indigènes "primitifs" va de pair avec le discours social sur la nature, la généralisation des procédures d'inventaire des espèces, et l'affirmation d'un point de vue patrimonial qui défend la nécessité de gérer un héritage dangereusement fragilisé. Ces "brouteurs archaïques" apparaissent comme les emblèmes des nouveaux rapports, à la fois symboliques et concrets, que les éco-/ogues praticiens entretiennent avec l'animal, la nature, et le territoire. On peut tenter de les résumer en quelques mots : une fabrication du sauvage et une restauration des systèmes naturels disparus. Nous avons suivi la piste du Tarpan-Konik polski (petit cheval polonais) et en approfondissant la problématique déjà développée dans le cadre du colloque interdisciplinaire intitulé: "Crise de /'environnement: éthique, science, politique" (1994). Dans la Pologne de l'entre-deux guerres, on découvrira le rôle qu'ont joué des scientifiques, par /'entremise du petit cheval des origines re-fabriqué, dans la création d'un mythe national.

In Spain, the site of El Castillo is part of the emblematic cave system of Cantabria, famous for its cave art. They are registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 2008. This archaeological site is also important due its stratigraphic sequence, which spans several prehistoric occupation units and in particular the techno-complexes of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. These constitute the subject of this article. We carried out an archaeozoological / taphonomical analysis on the faunal skeletal remains of unit 20 (Mousterian) and unit 18 (Aurignacien de transition de type El Castillo), in order to study the evolution of subsistence strategies of the human populations between the end of the Middle Palaeolithic and the start of the Upper Palaeolithic, in the Iberian Peninsula. This research demonstrates that units 20 and 18 reflect differences in species acquisition. The humans of unit 18 targeted red deer specifically, whilst the Mousterian are less speciality and hunted red deer, horses, and bovines (auroch or bison). Level 18 shows a specialisation in deer acquisition, but it is worth noting that it is also the most important animal in level 20. Its prevalence in level 20 only appears lower because other species are present in greater proportions (horse, Bos/Bison).

Interactions between animal behaviour and the environment are both shaping observed habitat use. Despite the importance of inter-specific interactions on the habitat use performed by individuals, most previous analyses have focused on case studies of single species. By focusing on two sympatric populations of large herbivores with contrasting body size, we went one step beyond by studying variation in home range size and identifying the factors involved in such variation, to define how habitat features such as resource heterogeneity, resource quality, and openness created by hurricane or forest managers, and constraints may influence habitat use at the individual level. We found a large variability among individual's home range size in both species, particularly in summer. Season appeared as the most important factor accounting for observed variation in home range size. Regarding habitat features, we found that (i) the proportion of area damaged by the hurricane was the only hab...

Wildlife, once infected, can serve as a reservoir of infectious diseases that form a constant threat to domestic livestock. To make control and eradication programs successful in the long-term, presence of pestivirus in wildlife populations should be monitored. The goal of this study was to investigate seroprevalence of pestivirus in four alpine wild ungulates in the High Valley of Susa, north-west Italy. Species studied were: red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). A further goal was using virus neutralisation tests (VNT) for four strains of pestivirus in chamois and wild boar. Three hundred and seventy-five serum samples collected during the hunting season of 1999 were tested for pestivirus specific antibodies. Positive sera of chamois and wild boar were subsequently tested in a VNT with four major subtypes of pestivirus, and virus isolation was performed. No antibodies were found in the 73 samples of roe deer, while 7 (12.5%), 8 (5.9%) and 28 (25.5%) of 56, 136 and 110 samples of wild boar, red deer and chamois were ELISA-positive, respectively. Different ranges of titers were found in the VNT and no pestivirus was isolated in the ELISA-positive wild boar and chamois samples. Several possibilities, which might explain the high seroprevalence in chamois are discussed. Pestivirus antibodies were found in three out of four large alpine ungulates in the High Valley of Susa. Seroprevalence was particularly high in chamois. Further investigation is needed to characterise the pestiviruses that circulate in these animals.

Figura es la primera obra de poesía experimental que José Antonio Cáceres concibe como libro. Su elaboración, entre 1966 y 1973, es paralela a la evolución del artista, desde el concretismo al letrismo –en la antesala de la poesía cinética–, lo que condiciona la heterogeneidad de posibilidades expresivas que recogen los poemas visuales que lo configuran. Esta primera edición publicada por la Universidad de Extremadura (UEx), está realizada por Emilia Oliva y reproduce facsimilarmente los originales inéditos que durante casi medio siglo ha conservado Fernando Millán. Su publicación posibilita el acceso a este libro que supone, en la trayectoria experimental de José Antonio Cáceres, un antecedente fundamental.

1. Many ecologically-based wildlife-habitat models provide only limited explanations of the observed data because understanding of how the key factors driving distribution interact with local management is not taken into account. If models are to be credible tool for developing solutions for wildlife management, they need to integrate scientific knowledge with the wealth of knowledge held by those who manage these resources. 2. In this paper, we develop a participatory approach to integrate local knowledge from deer managers with formal scientific understanding and ecological spatial data in a simple GIS to predict red deer distribution in the uplands of Scotland. We evaluate the extent to which the predictions are improved by this process. 3. The initial GIS prediction matched managers' experience of deer locations and fitted with independently-derived deer point count data in around 50% of all cases. 4. Analysis of interviews with managers indicated that shelter provided by habitat characteristics was more important than topographic shelter or the forage value of the habitat. Disturbance, slope and elevation were also

In AVO inversion the choice of parameters is not neutral in the sense that, although theoretically equivalent, if they are not correctly chosen, the numerical algorithms in the inversion can be inefficient. In this paper we show that in inverting converted shear wave (PS) data choosing S-impedance and density as parameters rather than P-impedance and density, produces a more stable AVO inversion.

In presented AVO (amplitude variation with offset) inversion the amplitudes of compressional and converted shear seismic data are inverted both separately and jointly to provide three parameters; compressional impedance, shear impedance, and density. The approximated Zoeppritz equation is least-squares fitted to the amplitude of all traces of a common-mid point gather (PP data) and a common-converted point gather (PS data) at each depth sample to obtain the band-limited reflectivity of the three parameter traces. Then, the reflectivity traces are integrated to obtain the three parameter traces with the missing low-frequency components provided from well log information.

In this paper we investigate a method of inverting amplitudes of both PP reflections and converted PS reflections to P and S impedance. A program has been written to perform a joint AVO inversion on PP and PS pre-stack synthetic data in MATLAB. The program performs an AVO inversion for P and S-wave Impedance reflectivity utilizing a model-based, weighted stacking approach, and the total impedances are calculated by integration including missing low-frequency components from well log information. The inverted impedance results from PP or PS only inversion and joint (PP and PS) inversion are compared in presence of noise.

The issue of polarity is deceptively simple, and prior to joint AVO inversion (amplitude variation with offset) the correct polarity of the PP and PS data must be considered. An AVO inversion of compressional data (PP inversion) can provide a good P-impedance estimate, and an AVO inversion of converted shear data (PS inversion) can provide a good S-impedance estimate. This fact is used to propose a polarity check for compressional and converted shear data.

The issue of polarity is deceptively simple, and prior to joint AVO inversion (amplitude variation with offset) the correct polarity of the PP and PS data must be considered. An AVO inversion of compressional data (PP inversion) can provide a good P-impedance estimate, and an AVO inversion of converted shear data (PS inversion) can provide a good S-impedance estimate. This

In presented AVO (amplitude variation with offset) inversion the amplitudes of compressional and converted shear seismic data are inverted both separately and jointly to provide three parameters; compressional impedance, shear impedance, and density. The approximated Zoeppritz equation is least-squares fitted to the amplitude of all traces of a common-mid point gather (PP data) and a common-converted point gather (PS data) at each depth sample to obtain the band-limited reflectivity of the three parameter traces. Then, the reflectivity traces are integrated to obtain the three parameter traces with the missing low-frequency components provided from well log information. The three parameters, especially the density, cannot accurately be resolved from AVO data due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. The damped SVD (singular value decomposition) method has been utilized to stabilize the AVO inversion. The examination of the resolution matrix, after adding a damping factor, demonstrates that the shear velocity contributes more than the compressional velocity to improving the density estimate for the study area data namely, VSP data from a Red Deer coal bed methane site.

In AVO inversion the choice of parameters is not neutral in the sense that, although theoretically equivalent, if they are not correctly chosen, the numerical algorithms in the inversion can be inefficient. In this paper we show that in inverting converted shear wave (PS) data choosing S-impedance and density as parameters rather than P-impedance and density, produces a more stable AVO inversion.

Procedures to invert P-P and P-S prestack seismic data for underlying compressional and shear wave impedance reflectivity have been developed in the past. A program has been written to perform a joint AVO inversion on PP and PS pre-stack synthetic data in MATLAB. The inversion can be done for pure compressional wave (PP), as well as only converted shear wave (PS data) resulting in PP inversion only and PS inversion only. The program is primarily intended to perform an AVO inversion utilizing a model-based, weighted stacking approach similar to established PP and joint inversion methods. Missing low-frequency components in seismic datasets cause low-cut filtered reflectivity in the inversion process. The inversion program is organized to provide missing lowfrequency components of impedance from well log information. The inverted impedance reflectivity results from PP, PS only inversion and joint inversion are compared using synthetic noise-free data. In the noise-free case all three methods have similar performance. In presence of noise, the joint inversion method performs significantly better than the results of PP and PS inversion only.

Cervids exhibit an antler cycle closely tied to environmental cues, notably photoperiod, which regulates growth, mineralization, velvet shedding, and casting stages, aligning with seasonal shifts in temperate regions. However, in a tropical country like Sri Lanka, where photoperiod variation is minimal, it remains unclear how introduced cervid species such as the hog deer (Axis porcinus) regulate their antler cycles. This study investigates the antler cycle of hog deer aging between one and five years in a tropical environment, focusing on the timing of antler development. Data collected from a captive population in Sri Lanka over five years allowed for detailed classification of antler stages by age, morphology, and season. Three primary stages-Single Spike, Short Forked Antler, and Long Three-Spiked Antlerwere observed, with further categorization into Velvet and Hard Antler stages, each displaying distinct timing and progression aligned with resource availability. Notably, antler development in hog deer retained a seasonal structure, with the Velvet Antler phase occurring from February to March and the Hard Antler phase extending from April through January, consistent with the species' reproductive timing in its native range. These results suggest that despite a stable tropical environment, hog deer maintain seasonally adaptive antler patterns, underscoring the persistence of evolutionary traits in non-native settings. This research contributes to understanding cervid biology in tropical ecosystems and informs management strategies for hog deer in Sri Lanka, highlighting the importance of considering seasonal behaviors in conservation efforts as environmental conditions evolve.

We obtained estimates of the components of covariance and genetic parameters of growing since the weaning until the 900 days in Santa Gertrudis heifers by means of a random regression model using Legendre polynomials for the additive effect, maternal and the permanent environment. The sample was conformed by 5.709 weighing of 1.903 heifers, each one with three weighing, in the weaning period, in the fi rst year and when were incorporated to reproduction. Results indicated an enhancement of the additive variance and the permanent environment trough out the path, and a decline of the variance because of the maternal effects. The tendency of the heritability for the direct effects was a declining from 0.08 in the weaning period until 280 days of birth approximately where it reached values about 0.04 and from this point it raised until 0.20 to the 900 days of birth. Effects of the permanent environment were totally opposite to the heritability for the direct effects. The heritability fo...

A total of 961 harvested and 241 unharvested moose ( Alces alces ) carcasses and parts from throughout Sweden were examined for Elaphostrongylus alces from 1985 to 1989. When available, the central nervous system and skeletal muscles were searched for adult nematodes, and lungs and feces were examined for first-stage larvae. The parasite was distributed throughout Sweden with highest prevalence (56%) in the central region and lowest in the south (13%). Prevalence was highest in calves and old moose (>9 years) and lowest in middle-aged animals (5–9 years), with no statistical difference between sexes, although prevalence trended higher in young males. Body condition and abundance of Elaphostrongylus alces were negatively correlated, and condition was poorer in unharvested than harvested moose. A short (39–73 days) prepatent period was documented, and calves as young as 1.5 months were infected. These results indicate the importance of continued surveillance of Elaphostrongylus alc...