Reading Habits/Attitudes

Özet Franz Kafka'nın eserleri, modern insanın varoluşsal kaygılarını, bürokrasinin yıkıcılığını ve gerçekliğin kırılganlığını absürt bir kurgu diliyle ele alır. "Kafkaesk" terimiyle tanımlanan bu anlatı evreninde, karakterler belirsiz kurallarla örülü labirentlerde amaçsızca dolaşırken, okur da geleneksel anlam arayışını yitirir. Kafka'nın kurgusunda gerçeklik, karakterlerin elinden kayıp giden bir olgudur. Dönüşüm'ün ilk cümlesi ("Gregor Samsa bir sabah kendini dev bir böceğe dönüşmüş olarak buldu"), açıklanmayan bir metamorfozla gerçekliğin nasıl parçalandığını gösterir. Gregor'un ailesi bu dönüşümü bir hastalık gibi görürken, Kafka bedenin politik bir araç olduğunu ima eder. Benzer şekilde, Dava'daki Josef K., suçunu asla öğrenemeden idam edilir. Mahkeme sistemi, okura da kapalı bir labirent olarak sunularak adalet kavramı sorgulanır. Bürokrasi, Kafka'nın eserlerinde soyut bir canavara dönüşür. Şato'daki K., yetkililere ulaşmak için sonsuz bir çaba içinde debelenir. Ofisler, dosyalar ve görünmez yöneticiler, insanı ezen bir makinenin dişlileridir. Bu tema, Max Weber'in "demir kafes" metaforunu akla getirir: Modern toplum, rasyonel görünen ancak aslında anlamsız kurallarla işler. Kafka'nın 20. yüzyıl başındaki bu eleştirisi, günümüzün dijital bürokrasilerinde (ör. algoritmik yargılar) bile geçerliliğini korur. Kafka'nın kurgusal dünyası, okuru rahatsız ederek edebiyatın sınırlarını zorlar. Kafkaesk kurgu, gerçekliğin inşasının çöküşünü ve bireyin bu çöküş karşısındaki trajikomik direnişini anlatır. Bu bildiri de, Kafka'nın kurgu dünyasını Dava, Dönüşüm ve Şato eserleri üzerinden "gerçekliğin çözülmesi" ve "bürokratik tahakküm" temalarına odaklanarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

The rapid rise of remote learning has fundamentally transformed the educational landscape, with digital library services playing an important role in this shift. This paper explores the evolving role of digital libraries in supporting remote learning, highlighting their key features, benefits, and challenges. Digital libraries provide round-the-clock access to various educational resources, enabling learners to overcome geographical and financial barriers. Through personalized search tools, collaborative platforms, and integration with learning management systems (LMS), these services enhance the flexibility and accessibility of education. However, challenges like the digital divide, copyright issues, and technological limitations still pose obstacles to fully leveraging digital libraries in remote learning environments. The paper also examines emerging trends, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and augmented/virtual reality, which are reshaping the future of digital libraries. As education continues to adapt to changing demands, digital libraries remain essential in supporting equitable, inclusive, and flexible learning opportunities for all. .

This ethnographic and longitudinal study is aimed at investigating, analyzing and understanding the complex process of professional, social and cultural identity (re)construction of pre-service teachers in a Teacher Education Course at a Federal University in the extreme north of Brazil. The pre-service teacher’s narratives were investigated through a qualitative approach. The narratives were collected from these students-teachers during the four semesters of their supervised internship class in their undergraduate course, as well as the interactions they posted in the Community of Practice - CdP - and discussed in thematic sessions accomplished during the process of investigation.

Bu araştırma, altı yaş çocuklarının yaratıcı düşünme becerilerine sosyo-ekonomik düzey ve anne-baba öğrenim düzeyinin etkisini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Ankara il merkezinde farklı sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki ilköğretim okullarının anasınıflarına devam eden altı yaş çocukları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemine ise bu okullar arasından tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen alt, orta ve üst sosyoekonomik düzeyleri temsil ettiği varsayılan sekiz ilköğretim okulundaki anasınıflarına devam eden, normal gelişim gösteren altı yaşındaki 300 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada, çocuklar ve aileleri ile ilgili bilgi almak amacıyla Anket Formu ve çocukların yaratıcı düşünme düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Urban ve Jellen (1996) tarafından geliştirilen Can-Yaşar ( ) tarafından altı yaş Türk çocukları için geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması yapılan "Yaratıcı Düşünme-Resim Oluşturma Testi (YD-ROT) (The Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production TCT-DP)" kullanılmıştır. Çocukların yaratıcı düşünme becerileri ile sosyo-ekonomik düzey ve anne baba öğrenim düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki Kruskall-Wallis H Testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, çocukların yaratıcı düşünme becerilerinde sosyo-ekonomik düzeyin ve anne baba öğrenim düzeylerinin anlamlı farklılık yarattığı bulunmuştur (p<0,001).

This article examines the transformation of reading habits in the digital age. Despite the common belief that “people no longer read,” evidence shows that we read more than ever—though in different ways. The text compares paper-based and digital reading, highlighting advantages, limitations, and recent findings from education, psychology, and neuroscience. It concludes that the central challenge today is not whether we read, but what kind of reading we cultivate and for what purpose.

Reading is more than just a cognitive skill, it is a gateway to lifelong learning, creativity, and informed citizenship. In a digitally, driven world, the value of developing and nurturing reading habits cannot be overstated. Libraries, whether academic, public, or special, serve as dynamic spaces that cultivate reading culture through access, environment, technology, and programming. This paper explores the broader idea of reading culture, investigates barriers affecting reading habits, and suggests actionable strategies libraries can employ to reinvigorate reading among diverse communities.

Recent research confirms that emotions are not peripheral but central to reading and understanding texts. Philosophical hermeneutics, particularly Gadamer’s concept of Bildung, highlights how emotional and historical pre-understandings shape interpretation as a transformative encounter. This view resonates with recent cognitive and educational studies, emphasising that reading simultaneously fosters critical and emotional growth. A dialogic pedagogy rooted in Bildung thus cultivates readers who are historically conscious, affectively engaged, and critically reflective. Such an integrated approach paves the way for a neurohermeneutic model of literary literacy, where embodiment, simulation, and emotional resonance become crucial to understanding, shaping the concept of understanding in new ways. The essay first traces back the path from Bildung to the research in neurological studies, pedagogy of the arts and critical thought and the recently born neuroaesthetics. The second part centres specifically on Mind the Text! Neurohermeneutics for Suspicious Readers by Renata Gambino and Grazia Pulvirenti, a groundbreaking volume that explores, sums up and enlightens through significant case studies the intersection of literary studies and cognitive neuroscience, in order to restore the connection to hard sciences, and evidence the importance of a literature Bildung. The authors advocate for an embodied and affective approach to reading, proposing literature as a biocultural tool deeply embedded in human cognition and culture. By analysing key theoretical frames—such as embodied simulation, ontological metaphors, Gestalt theory, and enculturation—the book highlights literature’s potential to elicit ethical reflection, empathy, cognitive flexibility, and the central role of emotions about arts and literature. The essay aims not only to trace a path and illustrate Gambino and Pulvirenti’s research but also to insist on the centrality of literary studies in the humanities.

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay naglalayong maipakita ang kasanayan sa pagbasa sa wikang Filipino ng mga mag-aaral sa baitang 7.
Napatunayan na ang malaki ang naging dulot ng pandemya sa larangan ng pagbasa sa mga mag-aaral lalo’t higit sa baitang pito ng sekondarya sapagkat hindi nahasa ang kanilang kakayahan sa pagbasa na nagdulot ng kahirapan sa pagkilala ng salita at pang-unawa sa binasa. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay naglalayong maipakita na may makabuluhang kaugnayan ang pagkilala ng salita upang lubos na maunawaan ang binasa ng mga mag-aaral sa baitang 7 ng Mataas na Paaralang Pambansa ng Kaylaway . Isang daan at siyamnapu’t siyam (199) mag-aaral ang ginamit na tagatugon sa pag-aaral na ginamitan ng deskriptibo-kwalitatibo o paraang paglalarawang matematikal, kompyutasyonal at estadistikal. Ang mga datos ay nakalap sa pamamagitan ng talatanungan (questionnaire) at ginamitan ng pagsusuring estadistikong Pearson r, independent t-test at F test. Natuklasan sa pag-aaral na kapag nababasa ng malinaw at maayos ang isang teksto ay mauunawaan at mabibigyang kahulugan ang nilalaman.Ang resulta ng pag-aaral ay nagsisilbing gabay at paalala sa mga mag-aaral na ang kasanayan pagbasa ay isa sa pinakamahalaga upang mahasa ang kakayahang umunlad at makamit ang tagumpay sa darating na hinaharap.

The mysterious sacred writings of ancient Egypt are now and for the first time  revealed in papyri of the Turin Egyptian museum. A preliminary translation of the discovered texts, dated to the Ramesside period, is provided with some insights of their nature.

Kajian ini dijalankan bagi meneliti tahap kefahaman dan kecaknaan terhadap Maqasid Syariah dalam kalangan pensyarah Politeknik Malaysia Zon Timur yang merangkumi lapan buah politeknik iaitu Politeknik Kota Bharu (PKB), Politeknik Jeli Kelantan (PJK), Politeknik Besut Terengganu (PoliBesut), Politeknik Kuala Terengganu (PKT), Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (PSMZA), Politeknik Hulu Terengganu (PHT), Politeknik Sultan Ahmad Shah (PoliSAS) dan Politeknik Muadzam Shah (PMS). Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, penghayatan dan pelaksanaan nilai-nilai Maqasid Syariah dalam konteks pengajaran dan kehidupan seharian pensyarah. Kaedah kuantitatif digunakan dengan soal selidik sebagai instrumen utama kajian, melibatkan 100 responden yang dipilih secara rawak berstrata. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kefahaman terhadap Maqasid Syariah berada pada tahap tinggi, namun tahap kecaknaan atau kesedaran untuk mengintegrasikan prinsip tersebut dalam amalan pendidikan masih memerlukan penambahbaikan. Kajian ini mencadangkan usaha penambahbaikan dari segi latihan profesional, pengukuhan kurikulum dan pendekatan dakwah yang lebih menyeluruh di peringkat institusi pengajian tinggi teknikal.
Keywords: Maqasid Syariah, kefahaman, kecaknaan, politeknik.

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay nakapokus sa mga danas, at hamon ng mga guro sa Filipino na nagtuturo sa mga pangkat ng SPFL mula baitang pito hanggang 10 sa Governor Feliciano Leviste Memorial National High School. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral ang mga danas ng mga guro sa pagtuturo ng asignaturang Filipino, gayundin ang pag-alam sa mga hamon sa pagtuturo ng limang lawak sa Filipino at maipakita ang kaibahan ng bisa ng mga hamon sa pagtuturo ng limang lawak ng Filipino batay sa pagtataya ng mga guro at mag-aaral na magiging batayan sa bubuoing panukang plano na tutugon sa mga danas at hamon. Ang pinaghalong kuwantitatibo’t kuwalitatibong pamamaraan ng pag-aaral ay ginamit upang matukoy at malaman ang mga danas at hamon ng mga guro. Binubuo ng 20 mag-aaral mula sa pangkat SPFL at apat na mga guro na nagtuturo ng asignaturang Filipino ang naging respondente ng pag-aaral. Ang pakikipanayam at pagpapasagot ng mga talatanungan ang naging pangunahing instrumentong ginamit upang makakalap ng mga datos na kinakailangan.
Batay sa naging resulta, napag-alaman na ang mga guro ay may iba’t ibang danas sa pagtuturo ng asignaturang Filipino. Ang pagharap sa iba’t ibang antas ng kasanayan sa wika ng mga mag-aaral, pagpapalalim ng interes sa panitikan at pagtuturo ng pormal na wika sa panahon ng modernisayon ay ang mga naitala. Lumabas din sa pag-aaral na ang mga hamon sa pagkatuto ng limang lawak sa Filipino ay sinang-ayunan ng mga guro, taliwas sa pagtataya ng mga mag-aaral. Patunay lamang ito na may mahalagang pagkakaiba ang antas ng pagkakalinang ng mga guro at mag-aaral sa SPFL. Ang panukalang aksiyon o plano na tutugon sa mga danas at hamon ng mga guro na nagtuturo ng asignaturang Filipino sa pangkat SPFL ay nabuo ng mananaliksik at inirerekomendang gamitin upang makatulong sa mga guro na malinang ang kasanayan ng mga mag-aaral.

This research aims to determine teacher candidates’ thoughts, experiences, and expectations about digital reading and e-readers and examine students' reading habits comprehensively. The research study group consists of 116 teacher candidates studying in the Turkish Language Teaching program. This qualitative research investigated many important factors, such as students' daily reading time, digital and traditional reading preferences, the software they use in digital reading, e-readers, and the reasons for preferring these devices. The study's findings were made more meaningful by comparing the data obtained with other studies in the literature. The study results show that students prefer digital platforms, but using e-readers is less common than using digital applications. However, it was concluded that students prefer reading from printed sources to reading from digital tools. This indicates that printed books are still a strong preference and that students face some barriers in transitioning to digital reading tools. Regarding the interest and usage rate of e-readers, it is understood that students mostly prefer printed books, and it will take time for their digital reading habits to develop. Furthermore, the study concluded that digital reading tools and e-readers may not be equally effective or important for all users. This shows that digital reading habits may vary according to the user's preferences, age, technological predisposition, and reading habits. In this context, it can be said that design, accessibility, and ease of use should be considered for digital reading tools to appeal to a broader user base.

Summary:

This book is a practical and spiritual guide to cultivating a deep habit of reading, reflecting, and transforming through knowledge. It weaves together insights from the Qur’an and Sunnah, examples from Islamic history, and modern strategies for effective study. Its purpose is to reconnect the potential readers with books as living sources of guidance and power, showing how reading can shape personal growth, revive intellectual culture, and strengthen collective efforts.

Structure of the Book
Part One – The Purpose and Benefits of Reading (Chs. 1–4)
Part Two – Reading in the Islamic Movement (Chs. 5–7)
Part Three – Practical Habits and Strategies (Chs. 8–13)

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay naglalayong suriin ang mga estratehiyang metakognitib sa pag-unawa ng pagbabasa at ang kaugnayan nito sa akademikong performans ng mga mag-aaral sa SHS Silingang Distrito ng Dipolog sa Asignaturang Filipino sa taong panuruan 2024-2025. Ang metodong ginamit ay ang deskriptibong correlational. Mayroong limang daan at isa (501) na respondenteng sumali sa pag-aaral na ito. Weighted mean, standard deviation, at Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (Spear man-rho) ay ang mga statistikal na kasangkapan na ginamit kasama ang JAMOVI bilang statistical software. Ang antas ng estratehiyang metakognitib bago magbasa, habang nagbabasa, at pagkatapos magbasa ay mataas. Walang makabuluhang ugnayan ang antas ng estratehiyang metakognitib at akademikong performans ng mga respondente. Batay sa mga natuklasan, inirekomenda ng mananaliksik na ang mga Opisyal ng DepEd, sa pamamagitan ng mga punong-guro ng mga paaralan, ay maaring gamitin ang mga natuklasan sa pag-aaral na ito bilang mahalagang input sa kanilang plano sa pagsasanay ng mga guro upang maiangat at mapaunlad pa ang kanilang pagtuturo. Ang mga natuklasan sa pag-aaral na ito ay maaaring gamitin ng mga guro sa Filipino bilang mahalagang basihan sa kanilang pagmuni-muni upang mapaunlad pa ang kanilang pagkadalubhasa sa pagtuturo.

Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren ortaya çıkan hibrit türleşme olgularına yeni bir örnek olarak deneme ve roman ilişkisi verilebilir. Bu ilişki iki türün de bazı özelliklerinin korunduğu, bazılarının ise değişime uğradığı bir forma dönüşür. Hem roman hem deneme olan ya da tam tersi ikisi olarak da adlandırılamayacak bu melezlenme iki türün de özelliklerini değişime uğratır. Gerçeğe dayalı kimliğini kaybeden deneme metni artık yaşanılan dünyanın değil kurmaca evrenin bir parçasıdır. Dolayısıyla denemenin en temel özelliği olan "kurmaca dışılık" ortadan kalkar, denemeci anlatıcıya dönüşür, gönderme yapılan unsurlar öyküleme evrenine ve ele alınan konular da bu soyut evrene bağlanır. Bu sebeple, romandeneme şeklinde veya "kurmacasal deneme" olarak tanımlanacak kısa metinler söz konusudur. Bu teorik pasajlar anlatıya bazen dâhil etme yöntemiyle ana metinden ayrılarak bazen de hikâye ile birleştirilerek yerleştirilir. Bu çalışmada, deneme özelliği gösteren kısımların anlatı evrenine nasıl yerleştirildiği, anlatılan olaylar ile nasıl bütünlük sağladığı, öykülemeye etkisinin ne olduğu ve hangi işlevlere sahip olduğu konuları irdelenir. Ağırlıklı olarak deneme özelliği gösteren metinlere ve bunların hangi araçlar sayesinde öyküyle bütünlük sağladığına odaklanılır. Bu iç içe geçme durumuna rağmen roman türünün yapısı gereği nasıl üstünlük kurmaya çalıştığı ortaya konulur. Ayrıca, deneme-roman bağlantılarını inceleyen kuramlar ışığında Enis Batur'un Kitap Evi eserinin analizi yapılarak kurmacada deneme etkisi üzerinde durulur.

S-a inchis o librarie importanta si iubita de toata lumea. Acum e dezamagire in oras dar nimeni nu pune in discutie ce ar trebui sa faca o societate pentru a ține în viata institutiile culturale pe care le admira. Facem aici un repertoriu si un inchizitoriu.

La lectura como afición parece tener la batalla perdida ante el bombardeo digital de las nuevas tecnologías en general y de la presencia de los móviles en particular. La pantalla absorbe el entretenimiento de los/as adolescentes y pone en jaque la concentración sobre el libro físico. Ante esta realidad, ¿qué podemos hacer desde los centros para generar rutinas lectoras que traten de recuperar ese último canto del cisne de las historias en papel? Es hora de apagar los dispositivos. Es Tiempo para leer. palabras clave • ruTin • lecTora • moTivación • libro físico • secundaria

La lectura como afición parece tener la batalla perdida ante el bombardeo digital de las nuevas tecnologías en general y de la presencia de los móviles en particular. La pantalla absorbe el entretenimiento de los/as adolescentes y pone en jaque la concentración sobre el libro físico. Ante esta realidad, ¿qué podemos hacer desde los centros para generar rutinas lectoras que traten de recuperar ese último canto del cisne de las historias en papel? Es hora de apagar los dispositivos. Es Tiempo para leer. palabras clave • ruTin • lecTora • moTivación • libro físico • secundaria

En octubre de 1995, tuve la oportunidad de visitar Noruega en un viaje profesional, era mi primer contacto con bibliotecas del norte de Europa, aquello me parecía ciencia-ficción, durante dos semanas visité numerosos servicios bibliotecarios de diferente tipología: bibliotecas públicas, escolares, servicios móviles, etc. Realicé numerosas fotografías, llené dos libretas de notas, cargué con tantos folletos que casi tengo que pagar por exceso de equipaje. Más tarde elaboré un informe y cuando parecía que ya todo había terminado y sólo quedaba un sustrato de ideas y recuerdos en la memoria, tuve que desempolvarlo todo para desarrollar el proyecto de la nueva biblioteca de Dos Hermanas. Ahora, con el paso del tiempo, lo que prevalecen son algunas ideas e imágenes que de alguna manera quedaron cosidas a mi retina, una de ellas, la de una sala de investigación de historia local. Era por la mañana y había tres personas consultando en pantallas datos sobre su historia, no la historia de su ciudad, sino la de su propia familia, consultaban planos antiguos en donde ubicaban las viviendas y propiedades familiares que previamente habían encontrado en libros de registro, partidas de nacimiento para rellenar huecos en el árbol genealógico, recortes de prensa antigua que enmarcaban la historia en un contexto, y fotos que dibujaban paisajes antiguos y esclarecían caras y rostros humanos. Aquellas personas no eran simples lectores, eran también autores y protagonistas de lo que allí estaba sucediendo, porque la materia que desgranaban no les resultaba ajena, trabajaban en su propia historia. Trabajo desde hace 20 años en la Biblioteca de Dos Hermanas, una ciudad cercana a Sevilla que ha sobrepasado los 100.000 habitantes. Nací allí, y cuando era pequeña no se hablaba de ciudad, sino de pueblo y todos se conocían, pero a principios de los setenta llegó el progreso al que se le llamó Plan de desarrollo del área metropolitana. Se incentivó la creación de industria y al amparo de la misma comenzaron a llegar numerosas familias de fuera, tantas que la población se ha visto triplicada en los últimos 25 años. Desde que la biblioteca comenzó a funcionar incluyó en su misión el objetivo de reforzar las señas de identidad de una población que, en proporciones alarmantes, desconocía su historia, sus tradiciones y cultura. Un buen bibliotecario, experto en temas de animación a la lectura, me reveló una gran verdad, que con la experiencia he llegado a compartir: el principal secreto de una actividad de animación consiste en disponer de un buen fondo documental y de un bibliotecario dispuesto a dinamizarlo sirviendo de puente entre estos documentos y sus potenciales usuarios. Así pues, vayamos por partes, para empezar a difundir la cultura local qué menos que disponer de una buena sección sobre temas locales en la que no falte de nada. Una sección en donde convivan todo tipo de soportes y en donde no se encuentren lagunas. Y, por otra parte, qué mejor sitio que la biblioteca para organizar el servicio de información a la comuni-

La novela Charlie y la fábrica de chocolate, escrita por Roald Dahl, constituye una de las obras más representativas de la literatura infantil del siglo XX. Personalmente, considero que es un relato fascinante porque mezcla la fantasía con la crítica social de una manera ingeniosa. El autor logra transmitir valores como la humildad, la generosidad y la importancia de la familia, mientras nos conduce a un mundo mágico lleno de dulces, sorpresas y lecciones morales. Su estilo narrativo, sencillo pero cargado de imaginación, atrapa tanto a niños como a adultos, lo que explica su vigencia a lo largo del tiempo. El propósito de este comentario es analizar la obra de manera integral, presentando tanto la figura de su autor, un resumen detallado de los hechos y personajes principales, así como una valoración crítica que permita reflexionar sobre la relevancia de la historia en el ámbito literario y social.

La novela Charlie y la fábrica de chocolate, escrita por Roald Dahl, constituye una de las obras más representativas de la literatura infantil del siglo XX. Personalmente, considero que es un relato fascinante porque mezcla la fantasía con la crítica social de una manera ingeniosa. El autor logra transmitir valores como la humildad, la generosidad y la importancia de la familia, mientras nos conduce a un mundo mágico lleno de dulces, sorpresas y lecciones morales. Su estilo narrativo, sencillo pero cargado de imaginación, atrapa tanto a niños como a adultos, lo que explica su vigencia a lo largo del tiempo. El propósito de este comentario es analizar la obra de manera integral, presentando tanto la figura de su autor, un resumen detallado de los hechos y personajes principales, así como una valoración crítica que permita reflexionar sobre la relevancia de la historia en el ámbito literario y social.

Writing is one of humankind’s greatest inventions, and modern societies could not function if their citizens could not read and write. How do skilled readers so quickly pick up meaning from squiggles on a page, and how do children learn to do so? These questions have been studied in fields ranging from vision science to cognitive psychology to education.

The chapters in this Handbook synthesize the research on these topics, focusing on how studies using a cognitive approach can shed light on how the reading process works in skilled readers and how children learn to read.

To set the stage, the first few chapters of the Handbook present information about writing systems and about methods of studying reading, including those that examine speeded responses to individual words and those that use eye movement technology to examine the reading of sentences and texts. The chapters in the following section focus on the identification of single words by skilled readers. Insights that have been gained from studies of adults with reading disabilities due to brain damage are also discussed.

Another section of the Handbook considers the silent reading of text by skilled readers. The chapters in this section address such issues as the role of sound in silent reading and how readers’ eyes move through texts, and detailed quantitative models of the reading process are proposed in some chapters. How children learn to read and spell and how they should be taught to do so is the focus of the chapters in the final sections of the Handbook.

The chapters review research with learners of different languages and those who speak different dialects of a language; they discuss both typically developing children and children with specific disabilities in reading. These chapters also address questions about how reading should be taught with populations ranging from preschoolers to adolescents, and they show how research findings have influenced education.

About the Editors
Alexander Pollatsek is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts,  Amherst. His work in psychology has covered a broad range of topics, including object and scene perception and people’s understanding of probability, statistics, and decision making. “Dr. Pollatsek’s primary interests, however, are in word processing, reading, and
investigating how eye movements can be used to understand the reading process.”

Rebecca Treiman is the Burke and Elizabeth High Baker Professor of Child Development Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. Treiman’s work focuses on the cognitive and linguistic processes involved in reading and spelling, particularly how children learn these skills. She has studied a variety of topics, including children’s invented spellings, the characteristics of English and other writing systems, and the special difficulties faced by children with dyslexia and those who are deaf.

This research paper is a study on the awareness level of students participating in the Fiber Optic Installation Course among students of the Computer System and network Certificate Program (SSK) at Melaka Community Colleges. Fiber optics is a network cable technology that uses glass threads to transmit data in the form of light waves. As SSK students who are potential participants in the field of fiber optic installation, they should have knowledge, skills and experience that would enable them to meet industry requirements in the future. The objectives of the study are to identify the level of student awareness about the importance of fiber optic installation, to determine the level of skill proficiency in fiber optic installation, and to assess the level of understanding of fiber optic installation learning. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach with a questionnaire as the instrument. The instrument was distributed to SSK students at Kolej Komuniti Jasin (KKJS), Kolej Komuniti Masjid Tanah (KKMT) dan Kolej Komuniti Selandar (KKSL) who are taking the Fiber Optic Installation Course. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27. The findings of the study indicate that the level of awareness about the importance of fiber optic installation is high, the level of skill proficiency in fiber optic installation is high, and the level of understanding of fiber optic installation learning is also high. This shows that students have mastered the skills of fiber optic installation as a result of participating in the course.
Keywords: Fiber Optic Installation, Computer System and Network Certificate Program

Introducao: O Brasil tem ganhado diversos clubes de leitura nos ultimos anos, exigindo uma maior atencao da academia para entender este fenomeno ja popularizado na America do Norte e Europa. Objetivo: Pretende-se discutir as principais criticas aos clubes de leitura em relacao ao perfil dos seus frequentadores, a selecao de livros, aos tipos de leitura, aos modos de interacao (presencial ou virtual) e ao papel do mediador. Metodologia: Por meio de uma revisao de literatura, comparam-se os argumentos pros e contrarios aos clubes de leitura, especialmente em relacao ao modelo dominante nos Estados Unidos e Europa. Resultados: Apresentam-se os diferentes tipos de clubes existentes (para adultos, escolar, televisivo, virtual, etc.) e apontam-se as suas principais caracteristicas. Conclusoes: Um clube torna-se mais eficaz e atraente quando consegue conciliar o prazer com o estudo literario. Para tanto, defende-se a presenca de um mediador e algum tipo de roteiro para discussao.

In this study we evaluated the performance of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS) in a sample of 189 students in Grades 3 and 6 who attended a middle-tier private school in Karachi, Pakistan, where the medium of instruction was English (L2) and the majority language was Urdu (L1). We took a holistic approach and employed several statistical techniques to obtain a consensus about items that did not perform well in the sample and thus need more probing regarding their application in the local context. Our main finding is that ERAS can be used, albeit with more attention to the specific Pakistani educational setting, to measure reading attitudes of Pakistani students in grades comparable to elementary school in the U.S. Implications are discussed.

ABSTRAK

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay nilapatan ng kuwalitatibong pamamaraan. Isinagawa ang malalim at mabusising pagsisiyasat upang malaman ang kahandaan ng mga gurong di-masterado sa pagtuturo ng pananaliksik sa Senior Hayskul, upang makapagmungkahi ng mga hakbang sa pagpapaunlad ng kakayahang pangguro. Nailarawan ang karanasan ng mga gurong di- masterado sa pagtuturo ng pananaliksik at mga mungkahing paraan upang mapagbuti at mapasigla ang pagtuturo ng mga guro sa pananaliksik. Natuklasan ang kakulangan at/o kawalan ng kaalaman at kasanayan sa pagtuturo at pagbuo ng pananaliksik, ang pagiging neophyte o baguhan sa larang na itinuturo, ang hindi pagiging medyor ng kanilang asignaturang itinuturo, ang kadahupan ng mga mapaghahanguang batis, ang pagiging makapangyarihan ng wikang Ingles sa Filipino at maging ang kakulangan ng kaalaman at kasanayan ng mga mag-aaral sa paggawa ng pananaliksik ang mga nagsisilbing suliranin o balakid sa kanilang pagtuturo. Gayundin ang mga mungkahing paraan upang mapabuti ang pagtuturo nito, sa tulong ng sariling pagpupunyagi gaya ng pagsangguni sa internet bilang malawak na lubluban ng mga impormasyon. Maaari ring magsiyasig at busugin ang sariling isip sa mga pangangailangan sa pagtuturo upang makaagapay sa mga makabagong aralin gaya ng pananaliksik sa pamamamagitan ng pagdalo sa mga palihan at worksyap na ibinibigay ng mga ekperto sa larangang ito. Isinagawa ng pakikipanayam sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng video recorder sa tulong ng dalawang bukas na katanungan. Ang lahat ng mga tuklas ay dumaan sa sumusunod na proseso; pagta-transkrayb ng mga bunga ng kwentuhan mula sa mga kalahok at pagtatakda ng koda. Ang mga kalahok ay mga gurong di- masterado na nagmula sa Klaster IV at Klaster V sa Lalawigan ng Pampanga. Mula sa kanilang mga kasagutan ay nilimi at ikinoda upang makabuo ng mga tema.


Mga Susing Salita: siyasig, tesis, di-masterado

This research article deals with the famous literary battle between Taha Hussain, the dean of the Arabic language, and the Jordanian author, poet, critic, diplomat, and ambassador Nasir al-Din al-Asad. And the issue is that Taha Hussain says most of the poetry that reached us from the pre-Islamic period is fake, forged, and plagiarized. His claim caused significant chaos in the Islamic world, especially in Egyptian society. People called him an agnostic, an agent of the West, an orientalist, anti-Islamic, and anti-Quranic. As the case went to the supreme court, there was an assassination attempt on Taha Hussain. In this regard, many wrote replies, but all were in full rage and anger. Despite being Taha Hussian students, some of them used foul language. But one of his students, Nasir from Jorden, took this issue and controversy as his PhD thesis and researched it so profoundly and thoroughly that he later published it as Maṣādir al-shiʻr al-Jāhilī wa-qīmatuhā altārikhiiyah (Sources of Pre-Islamic Poetry and their Historical Significance). This research article looks deeply into the matter.

This research article deals with the famous literary battle between Taha Hussain, the dean of the Arabic language, and the Jordanian author, poet, critic, diplomat, and ambassador Nasir al-Din al-Asad. And the issue is that Taha Hussain says most of the poetry that reached us from the pre-Islamic period is fake, forged, and plagiarized. His claim caused significant chaos in the Islamic world, especially in Egyptian society. People called him an agnostic, an agent of the West, an orientalist, anti-Islamic, and anti-Quranic. As the case went to the supreme court, there was an assassination attempt on Taha Hussain. In this regard, many wrote replies, but all were in full rage and anger. Despite being Taha Hussian students, some of them used foul language. But one of his students, Nasir from Jorden, took this issue and controversy as his PhD thesis and researched it so profoundly and thoroughly that he later published it as Maṣādir al-shiʻr al-Jāhilī wa-qīmatuhā altārikhiiyah (Sources of Pre-Islamic Poetry and their Historical Significance). This research article looks deeply into the matter.

Minat membaca merupakan asas penting dalam perkembangan intelek, emosi dan sahsiah murid. Dalam konteks pendidikan sekolah rendah, pembentukan budaya membaca harus dipupuk sejak awal bagi melahirkan generasi berilmu dan berdaya saing. Artikel ini membincangkan lima strategi praktikal yang boleh digunakan oleh guru untuk meningkatkan minat membaca dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah, iaitu pembinaan sudut bacaan kelas, pelaksanaan program membaca bertema, penggunaan teknologi digital, pemberian pengiktirafan, serta penglibatan ibu bapa secara kolaboratif. Pendekatan yang dilaksanakan ini bukan sahaja bersifat mendidik, malah mampu membina jati diri murid sebagai pencinta ilmu sepanjang hayat.

Three studies are presented to validate the Spanish version of Oliver and Raney’s (2008; 2011) eudaimonic and hedonic motivations scale. In Study 1, 132 university students watched a dramatic (sad) film, filling out the scales to evaluate motivations regarding cinema consumption and reception processes. Eudaimonic motivation was associated with deeper cognitive processes during the reception and stronger identification with the protagonist. Study 2 evaluated the test-retest reliability of the eudaimonic and hedonic motivations scale (

Esta investigación de carácter cualitativo aporta a la construcción de conocimiento sobre nuestra realidad escolar y se encuentra situada desde la subjetividad de los propios jóvenes y sus profesores.

Ahonda sobre la presencia de representaciones comunes en el campo escolar, en específico en las formas de ver, sentir y pensar, respecto de la lectura y la escritura en un contexto marcado por el auge de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, explorando la tensión que viven los jóvenes entre la exigencia escolar de un mundo construido en la modernidad y anclado en el texto frente a las vivencias propias de esta generación fuertemente atravesados por los nuevos medios digitales de comunicación que descansan mayormente en la lógica audiovisual.

También es un acercamiento a la cultura juvenil y sus diferencias, explorando desde las pistas del género las motivaciones y enclaves
culturales que determinan sus gustos.

Es un libro recomendable como insumo para la discusión sobre la
importancia de la lectura en la sociedad actual, las prácticas educativas y las condiciones estructurales que determinan el trabajo académico y las relaciones humanas con los jóvenes. Plantea el desafío que tiene la escuela de desanclarse de su propia tradición y colocar el acento en las culturas juveniles que tienen interiorizadas otras y múltiples prácticas de uso y consumo, las cuales permiten la conformación de identidades diferenciadas, situación que incide en la configuración de un escenario lleno de tensiones, el cual está presente en la escuela reproductora de la sociedad actual.
Autores: Rolando Altamirano Olmedo. María Banda Cárcamo. Francisco Guilardes Morales. Mauricio González Pinto.

ütopya, herhangi bir distopyanın yerini alabilme ihtimalini taşıyabilmektedir; çünkü geçmişe dayalı birçok geleneksel ütopya, modern okuyucuların distopik olarak tanımlayacağı niteliklere sahip olabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte distopyanın kültürel, ekonomik veya teknolojik açıdan gerilemiş ve/veya çökmüş bir toplumu temsil eden, bir diğerinden daha kötü ama yine de bir gelecek için hâlâ umut veren bir en kötü durum senaryosu olduğunu da göz önünde bulundurmak gerekmektedir. Bu minvalde yazılan birçok ütopik ve distopik metin, insanlığın daha iyi bir toplum inşa etme konusundaki yetersizliği hakkında yorum yapmak yerine, insanın Dünya üzerindeki uyumlu yaşamın önünde bir engel olduğu tezini de öne sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda George Orwell'ın hiciv tarzıyla temsillere dayandırarak kaleme aldığı ve distopik edebiyatın bir örneği olan Hayvan Çiftliği adlı eseri, insanın yarardan çok zarar veren bir güç olarak görmenin bir sonucu olarak ütopyadan distopyaya ve/veya geriye geçişini ortaya koymak için incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada idealize edilen ütopik bir toplum yaratma düşüncesinin ve çabasının zamanla nasıl da distopik bir dünya yarattığını ortaya koymak hedeflenmiştir.

Ang pangunahing layunin ng pananaliksik na ito ay suriin at unawain ang hamon ang mga karanasan na kinakaharap ng mga di-Filipino na guro na nagtuturo ng Panitikang Filipino sa mga pampublikong guro gamit ang penomenolohikal na pagdulog, tinalakay ng pag-aaral kung paano nakaapekto ang mga hadlang sa kanilang pagtuturo at paano nila pinahalagahan ang kalidad ng edukasyon. Ang pangunahing hamon na natukoy ay ang kakulangan sa kasanyan sa Wikang Filipino, hirap sa pagpapaliwanag ng mga malalim na termino, kakulangan ng mga guro sa espesyalisasyon sa larangan ng Panitikang Filipino. Bukod dito tinalakay din ang epekto ng mga pagbabago sa interes at pananaw ng mga mag-aaral, lalo na sa makabagong henerasyon na hindi gaano tumatangkilik sa Panitikang Filipino. Ipinakita ng pananaliksik na sa kabilang ng mga hamon, ang mga di-Filipinong guro ay gumagamit tulad ng pagsasanay sa sarili, pag-aangkop ng mga makabagong teknolohiya at ang pagbibigay diin sa pagpapalaganap at kasaysayan sa kanilangan mga leksyon upang mapanatili ang kalidad ng pagtuturo. Iminumungkahi ng pag-aaral ang pangangailangan ng mas malalim na suporta mula sa mga instittusyon ng edukasyon upang mas mapabuti ang pagtuturo ng Panitikang Filipino sa mga guro, pati narin ang pagpapalawak ng mga oportunidad sa kanilang propesyunal na pag-unlad.

L’Afrique du Nord sous l’Empire romain a connu une extraordinaire mise en valeur agricole, qui fut, en grande mesure, fondee sur un systeme particulier d’exploitation de la terre, le « colonat ». Ce systeme nous est eclaire par une serie de six grandes inscriptions relatives aux domaines imperiaux de la vallee du Mejerda, dans la region du Tell tunisien, decouvertes au tournant des XIX e et XX e siecles. Premier d’une serie de trois articles sur ces inscriptions, ce texte presente une traduction commentee du plus ancien de ces documents epigraphiques, l’inscription d’Henchir Mettich.

Literature Component has been part of the English Syllabus in Malaysian secondary schools level since the year 2000. Previous researches have proven that teaching Literature component is not easy as teachers still rely heavily on the conventional methods like discussing plot, characters, theme, setting and moral values of the texts. With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), this study is meant to explore the teachers and students' usage of ICT and their attitudes towards ICT in teaching and learning of Literature component. The study involves 58 Form 5 students and 33 English teachers in Kapit district, a rural area in Sarawak, Malaysia. The study revealed that ICT is used on the satisfactory level by the teachers as well as the students. In addition, both the students and the teachers possessed high positive attitudes towards the use of ICT tools in Literature lesson and the component itself. However, the implementation and usage do not demonstrate the attitude. To conclude, more actions should be taken to encourage wider usage of ICT in the teaching and learning of Literature component.

Manusia merupakan makhluk Allah yang memiliki kelebihan dibanding ciptaan-Nya yang lain. Allah telah memberikan penjelasan di dalam al-Qur'an mengenai proses penciptaan manusia hingga tugasnya di dunia. Bahkan, dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 30 Allah memberikan mandat kepada manusia untuk menjadi khalifah di muka bumi. Untuk itu, Allah kemudian menganugerahkan kepada manusia komponen-komponen penting seperti jasad, jiwa (nafs), dan ruh untuk mengemban misi khalifah tersebut. Ketiga komponen manusia di atas, berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya. Jasad merupakan komponen manusia yang paling mudah untuk diketahui, sebab jasad dapat kita lihat bentuk dan sifatnya. Untuk itu, Ibnu Rusyd menyebut jasad sebagai komponen materi. 1 Berbeda dengan jasad yang dapat dilihat secara nyata, jiwa (nafs) dan ruh tidak bisa dilihat secara langsung ataupun menggunakan teknologi canggih. Ini karena penciptaan jiwa dan ruh bukan berasal dari materi laiknya jasad. Hanya Allah yang tahu mengenai jiwa (nafs) dan ruh ini, tetapi kita dapat merasakan gejala-gejala dari keduanya.

This study investigates the spatial organization of comics, focusing on how a narrative is theorized, constructed, organized into a fictional world, and ultimately transformed into a visual sequence. A central element of this examination is the graphic representation of the mental plane and the overall spatial organization of the narrative.

The layered infrastructure that consciousness creates through images rendered within a rhythmic structure of time and space undergoes a process of reduction, giving rise to a new form and aesthetic expression. Achieving aesthetic sensitivity in this form is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structure of narrative construction within the comic's systemic framework. In this sense, the anatomical structure that constitutes the sequential narrative can be understood as the tangible manifestation of the processes that cultivate aesthetic sensitivity.

The theorization of a narrative in spatial terms requires the reduction of mental systems into a physical space, a process in which time is employed as an aesthetic tool. The narrative elements of the comic have been analyzed within the graphic integrity this construction provides. In the process of the mental plane finding its graphic equivalent, the relationship of all narrative components to the theoretical framework of the constructed system has been explored. These components include physical-spatial parameters, compositional elements, visual and verbal functions, spatial and chronological functions, as well as sound, perspective, perceived distance, point of view, color, characters, emotions, and thoughts.

This research establishes its theoretical foundation on the layered domains and unique spatial distribution inherent to comics, alongside the integrated structure of principles reduced to spatial parameters. This foundation is examined through the concepts of spatio-topical processing (the interplay of space and place) and arthrology (the study of graphic articulation), which together elucidate the comprehensive set of relationships that each component and interaction creates within the comic's systemic infrastructure.

Haruki Murakami'nin 2002 yılında yayımlanan *Sahilde Kafka* adlı romanı, yazarın en etkileyici ve en çok konuşulan eserlerinden biridir. Japon edebiyatının dünyaca tanınan bu önemli ismi, bu romanında rüya, mitoloji, bilinçaltı ve gerçeklik arasında gidip gelen iki ana karakterin hikâyesi üzerinden hem bireysel hem de evrensel bir anlatı kurar.