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Radiative Transfer Theory

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Radiative Transfer Theory is the study of the propagation of radiation through a medium, focusing on the processes of absorption, emission, and scattering. It quantitatively describes how energy is transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation, particularly in astrophysics, atmospheric science, and thermal engineering.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Radiative Transfer Theory is the study of the propagation of radiation through a medium, focusing on the processes of absorption, emission, and scattering. It quantitatively describes how energy is transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation, particularly in astrophysics, atmospheric science, and thermal engineering.

Key research themes

1. How can analytical and numerical solutions advance the understanding of radiative transfer in astrophysical and plasma environments?

This research area focuses on deriving and applying analytical and numerical solutions of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) under physically relevant conditions, such as accretion disks with finite optical depth, continuous-spectrum radiative transfer in plasmas with complex geometries, and radiation in large-scale astrophysical bodies. Analytical solutions provide insight into the behavior of radiative quantities under various scattering and absorption regimes, while numerical methods enable tackling complex geometries and transient processes. These approaches are critical for interpreting observations, predicting energy balance, and improving physical models in plasma and astrophysical contexts.

Key finding: This paper derives analytical solutions for vertical structure radiative transfer in optically finite accretion disks under local thermodynamic equilibrium, including variable Eddington factors and scattering effects. It... Read more
Key finding: The study reveals self-similarity properties in continuous-spectrum radiative transfer within plasmas bounded by highly reflective metallic walls, demonstrating that nonlocal effects from multiple reflections dominate the... Read more
Key finding: Extending the discrete transfer method (DTM) to transient radiative transfer problems with anisotropic scattering, the paper validates DTM against existing solutions for transient, pulsed-laser irradiated absorbing and... Read more
Key finding: The work develops a discrete ordinates solution framework for phonon radiative transport in micro-scale thin films with complex shapes using non-orthogonal coordinate systems. Methodological innovations involve adapting... Read more

2. What are the mathematical and computational frameworks enabling efficient differentiation and inverse problem solutions in radiative transfer modeling?

This theme addresses the development of advanced theoretical and computational methods to differentiate radiative transfer solutions with respect to scene or material parameters, facilitating inverse problem solutions such as absorption coefficient recovery and enabling gradient-based optimization in complex systems. The focus is on constructing differential theories that maintain the generality of the RTE, devising numerical estimators for derivatives, and demonstrating uniqueness and stability in inverse reconstructions from limited measurements. This is fundamental for coupling radiative transfer with control, optimization, and Bayesian statistical inference in scientific and engineering applications.

Key finding: The paper presents a comprehensive differential framework for radiative transfer by deriving formulations for differentiating the solution of the RTE with respect to arbitrary scene parameters. This enables unbiased Monte... Read more
Key finding: By applying boundary controllability methods under weak absorption, the study demonstrates that both the weakly absorbing coefficient and isotropic initial radiation can be uniquely and stably recovered from a single boundary... Read more
Key finding: This work provides a rigorous theoretical foundation for unifying conduction, convection, and radiative transfer into a single Monte Carlo framework via propagators and Green's functions, preserving linearity and statistical... Read more

3. How do complex media properties and microscopic structures influence radiative transfer and what modeling approaches capture these effects in planetary and atmospheric sciences?

This area examines the impact of heterogeneity, scattering by bubbles, complex geometries, and material anisotropies on radiative transfer in semitransparent and composite media relevant to planetary surfaces, atmospheres, and environmental remote sensing. Research spans experimental validation and hybrid modeling of bubble-laden media, open-source radiative codes for exoplanet atmosphere retrievals, and multi-scale wave propagation in bianisotropic dissipative media. Understanding these effects refines interpretation of observational data, improves remote sensing accuracy, and informs climate and planetary surface models.

Key finding: This study critically benchmarks multiple radiative transfer models against Monte Carlo ray-tracing and experimental measurements using fused silica samples with large gas bubbles. It proposes a hybrid model combining... Read more
Key finding: The Transit radiative transfer module efficiently simulates 1D line-by-line emission and transmission spectra for exoplanet atmospheres incorporating state-of-the-art molecular opacities and collision-induced absorption.... Read more
Key finding: By applying semiclassical analysis and Wigner transforms to Maxwell's equations with arbitrary bianisotropic, dissipative, and heterogeneous materials, the authors derive radiative transfer equations governing... Read more
Key finding: Integrating grain charging physics into cosmological radiative transfer enabled quantifying spatially complex charge distributions of dust grains in star forming regions with inhomogeneous radiation exposure. The results... Read more

All papers in Radiative Transfer Theory

The three-dimensional structure of a coniferous shoot gives rise to multiple scattering of light between the needles of the shoot, causing the shoot spectral reflectance to differ from that of a flat leaf. Forest reflectance models based... more
New solutions to the non-equilibrium Marshak wave, within the Pomraning -Su-Olson model, are presented using the well known eigenfunction expansion method for finite slabs. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Helmholtz's equation... more
In order to obtain high quality data, the correction of atmospheric perturbations acting upon land surface reflectance measurements recorded by a space-based sensor is an important topic within remote sensing. For many years the Second... more
by John Howell and 
1 more
Inverse methods provide a good alternative to traditional trial-and-error methods for design of thermal systems. The inverse boundary condition estimation problem in radiating enclosures involves the solution of an ill-posed system that... more
The surface-leaving radiance model developed in Part I [Appl. Opt. 47, 3701 (2008)] is validated against an exhaustive set of Fourier transform spectrometer field observations acquired at sea. Unlike prior limited studies, these data... more
The classical Chandrasekhar’s formula relating the surface reflectance to the top of the atmosphere radiance rigorously applies to a Lambertian surface. For a homogeneous non-Lambertian surface in a plane-parallel atmosphere, an extension... more
In order to obtain high quality data, the correction of atmospheric perturbations acting upon land surface reflectance measurements recorded by a space-based sensor is an important topic within remote sensing. For many years the Second... more
This study proposes new matrix relationships of the radiative interactions in enclosures along with their corresponding applications. By means of several transformations one establishes matrix formulae based on equations of radiative... more
All the numerical methods of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) solution are based on the replacement of scattering integral by the finite sum. The main problem of such scattering integral representation is the presence of... more
The boundary condition design of a three-dimensional furnace that heats an object moving along a conveyor belt of an assembly line is considered. A furnace of this type can be used by the manufacturing industry for applications such as... more
by Hakan Erturk and 
1 more
Inverse problems are those in which measured or specified information at a given location is used to infer the conditions at other locations that cause the measured or specified information. This paper discusses design of high temperature... more
The presence of charged dust grains is known to have a profound impact on the physical evolution of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM). Despite its importance, this process is still poorly explored in numerical simulations due to... more
We present simulations of cosmic reionization and reheating from z = 18 to z = 5, investigating the role of stars (emitting soft UV-photons), nuclear black holes (BHs, with power-law spectra), X-ray binaries (XRBs, with hard X-ray... more
The classical Chandrasekhar’s formula, which relates the surface albedo to the top of the atmosphere radiance, rigorously applies to a homogeneous Lambertian surface. For a nonhomogeneous Lambertian surface in a plane-parallel atmosphere,... more
Although published sea surface infrared (IR) emissivity models have gained widespread acceptance for remote sensing applications, discrepancies have been identified against field observations obtained from IR Fourier transform... more
In order to obtain high quality data, the correction of atmospheric perturbations acting upon land surface reflectance measurements recorded by a space-based sensor is an important topic within remote sensing. For many years the Second... more
We introduce CRASH-AMR, a new version of the cosmological radiative transfer (RT) code CRASH, enabled to use refined grids. This new feature allows us to attain higher resolution in our RT simulations and thus to describe more accurately... more
Inverse methods provide a good alternative to traditional trial-and-error methods for design of thermal systems. The inverse boundary condition estimation problem in radiating enclosures involves the solution of an ill-posed system that... more
Here we investigate how LyC-opaque systems present in the intergalactic medium at z≈3 can distort the spectral shape of a uniform UV background (UVB) through radiative transfer (RT) effects. With this aim in mind, we perform a... more
The surface-leaving radiance model developed in Part I [Appl. Opt. 47, 3701 (2008)] is validated against an exhaustive set of Fourier transform spectrometer field observations acquired at sea. Unlike prior limited studies, these data... more
1] Atmospheric perturbations are a large source of uncertainty in remotely sensed imagery of the Earth's surface. This paper explores the effectiveness of the simplified method for atmospheric correction (SMAC) in reducing the effects of... more
1] Atmospheric perturbations are a large source of uncertainty in remotely sensed imagery of the Earth's surface. This paper explores the effectiveness of the simplified method for atmospheric correction (SMAC) in reducing the effects of... more
We consider the problem of propagation of the radiation from a point unidirectional source in a scattering medium with a spatially inhomogeneous refractive index. A scheme for numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation with... more
This study considers the design and control of a radiant furnace by the use of an inverse formulation. The furnace considered is one that is used to heat an object from an initial temperature to a final steady state while the temperature... more
Rapid thermal processing (RTP) has been widely used by the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Light-pipe radiation thermometers are the predominant method to monitor the wafer temperature during rapid thermal processing. The errors... more
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