Public Management

Głównym celem tekstu jest: po pierwsze, wskazanie, iż miasto to specyficzny proces uspołecznienia, którego cechami są kompletność, złożoność oraz totalność; po drugie, określenie przedmiotu nauk społecznych zajmujących się miastem; po trzecie, zademonstrowanie, iż jedną z najważniejszych form uspołecznienia stanowi dzisiaj "codzienny urbanizm"; po czwarte, pokazanie efektywności proponowanej tu perspektywy na przykładzie analiz przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu "Niewidzialne miasto". Słowa kluczowe: uspołecznianie, miasto, codzienny urbanizm, mieszkańcy, aktywności oddolne, estetyzacja, relacje, społeczne wytwarzanie miasta, socjologia miasta, antropologia miasta Określenie, choćby prowizoryczne, czym są lub mogą być społecznie zorientowane badania miasta, jaki jest ich przedmiot i zadania, wymaga odpowiedzi na bardziej podstawowe pytanie, a mianowicie -czym jest miasto? Deskrypcji tego fenomenu powstało bardzo wiele, różnią się one też znacząco co do tego, jakie cechy uznaje się za konstytutywne dla tej formy organizacji życia społecznego. Czasami kładzie się nacisk na specyfikę materialnych i organizacyjnych aspektów miasta. Czasami zostaje on położony na unikalny sposób życia w jego obrębie i odrębną kulturę, która rodzi się na zurbanizowanych obszarach; kiedy indziej jeszcze miasto definiowane jest przez pryzmat osobnej mentalności, której stanowi źródło; niekiedy eksponuje się specyficzne funkcje spełniane przez miasto, zwraca się uwagę na liczebność jego populacji i obszar, jaki zajmuje; na jego nej w Polsce lat osiemdziesiątych, [w:] J.

La computadora es una herramienta poderosa y de aplicabilidad múltiple. Sus capacidades actuales de velocidad de procesamiento, de almacenamiento y de diversidad de dispositivas (capacidades que tienden a aumentar) la hacen una herramienta versátil y de posible aplicación en muchas áreas del quehacer humano. Actualmente la computadora cuenta con dispositivos que permiten interacciones muy diversas con el sujeto. Entre los más comunes se encuentran los monitores y las impresoras de alta resolución, que permiten un excelente manejo de gráficos, color, animación y efectos especiales. Asimismo, podemos encontrar altas capacidades de audio, graficadoras, digitalización de todo tipo de imágenes, grabación digital a partir de cámaras de video, conexión de videodiscos, micrófonos, etcétera. Por otro lado, los fabricantes de programas (software) han puesto su empeño en que las interfases con el usuario sean cada vez más atractivas, amigables y ergonómicas. La computadora, una máquina programable -de ahí sus múltiples aplicaciones-es, sobre todo, una máquina que permite la interacción con el sujeto. Estos factores están propiciando una rápida incorporación de la computadora a la vida cotidiana. El avance tecnológico está afectando la forma de trabajar; el uso de la computadora como una herramienta poderosa para incrementar la productividad en la mayoría de las áreas, es cada vez más común y, en muchos casos, indispensable. La educación es una de las áreas involucradas ya que la computadora brinda herramientas de trabajo diversas para el educador, así como la posibilidad de usarla en el aula. Por otro lado, la necesidad de capacitación en el uso de herramientas computacionales y del cómputo mismo atañe a la educación. Es por ello que tradicionalmente se conocen tres tipos de relaciones entre el cómputo y la educación:

i DEDICATORIA A mis padres, a mi esposa e hijos, docentes, colegas y amigos; Ellos son el motivo de mi perseverancia y claridad de objetivo; Ellos son el motivo de mi ansia de aprender y reflexionar; Ellos son el motivo de mí deseo de filosofar sobre la vida.

En el 2019, luego de diecisiete años de iniciada la modernización en la gestión pública, cabía reflexionar ¿por qué era insuficiente el avance de la modernización en los sistemas administrativos en la gestión pública? Ello motivó la necesidad de investigar la cultura organizacional y su relación con la gestión por competencias en el sistema de gestión de recursos humanos. Por lo mismo, elproblema general fue ¿de qué manera la Cultura Organizacional influye en la Gestión por Competencias en el sistema de recursos humanos del Ministerio de SaludEl objetivo general fue determinar la influencia de la cultura organizacional en la gestión por competencias. La investigación fue aplicada, el nivel fue explicativo, el diseño fue no experimental.El enfoque fue cuantitativo: observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y fuentes documentales. El instrumento fue un cuestionario estructurado con escala tipo Likert y software SPSS.Se aplicó el Alfa de...

Resumen: La presente investigación aborda el desarrollo de una Aplicación de Flujo de Trabajo usando un Modelo de Procesos Flexibles, el cual promueve mayor facilidad y menor tiempo para plasmar durante el diseño del proceso, los cambios en respuesta a las variaciones del entorno, utilizando patrones workflow y algunos métodos para el modelado de la flexibilidad, empleando el estándar BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation). Se utiliza como estudio de caso el proceso "Gestión del

In this article we present a unique study of how a nation, Bhutan, is using a specific change management approachorganisational development-as the lever for system-level change in pursuit of a complex, multi-level suite of goals to, ultimately, enhance Gross National Happiness (GNH). We argue that this represents one of the first attempts at using OD for wide-scale change, something hinted at decades ago, and flagged by recent work coming out of the United Nations Development Program and civil society organisations (CSOs). Conceptually, we point to a high level of fit between the Bhutanese development philosophy and OD, and argue there is great potential for using OD in the context. However, we raise a series of issues around the practical feasibility of this approach highlighting important points of tension which pose major challenges for the Bhutanese experiment.

In this article we present a unique study of how a nation, Bhutan, is using a specific change management approachorganisational development-as the lever for system-level change in pursuit of a complex, multi-level suite of goals to, ultimately, enhance Gross National Happiness (GNH). We argue that this represents one of the first attempts at using OD for wide-scale change, something hinted at decades ago, and flagged by recent work coming out of the United Nations Development Program and civil society organisations (CSOs). Conceptually, we point to a high level of fit between the Bhutanese development philosophy and OD, and argue there is great potential for using OD in the context. However, we raise a series of issues around the practical feasibility of this approach highlighting important points of tension which pose major challenges for the Bhutanese experiment.

In 2004 a bold experiment in the use of joined-up approaches to policy-making and implementation, best captured in the design of new policy architecture and the creation of a co-location model for service delivery, was undertaken to address the entrenched disadvantage of Indigenous Australians. In this article we report on inhibitors, explaining the under-performance of the joined-up experiment, and facilitators, which explain, in part, the existence of a small number of examples defying the broader trend.

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.

Cooperation within the judicial system Cooperation within the judicial system Peter Bevers, Esther van Sprundel, René Schalk & Sjo Soeters, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 19, September 2006, nr. 3, pp. 211-231 In two courts of law it was examined whether creating &#39;enabling teams&#39;, that is teams in which cooperation between judges, clerks of the court, and supporting administrative personnel was facilitated, had an influence on the perception of the quality of work, innovativeness, and satisfaction of employees. In enabling teams the judges, clerks, and secretaries meet face-to-face to jointly discuss the division of work and daily work activities in their sector. In a courthouse (the experimental court), data were gathered at three points in time: before, nine months after, and one and a half year after implementing the facilitating team concept. In a (control) courthouse, data were gathered at two points in time. The implementation of enabling teams led to tasks being perceiv...

Many experts have observed that bureaucratic malaises are endemic in public sector organizations. These so-called "diseases," which include personnel constraints, red tape and risk avoidance, can discourage workers, damage organizational performance, and lower the quality of public services. The depth and impact of these malaises are tested across the public and nonprofit sectors using data from the third National Administrative Studies Project (NASP III). NASP III surveyed randomly selected managers in public and nonprofit organizations in Georgia and Illinois. Multiple informant data are aggregated to the organizational level resulting 47 public and 64 nonprofit organizations for further analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that most of the maladies have harmful effects on work quality in the public sector, but not on the nonprofit agencies studied in this sample. The results further show that task clarity does not mitigate the performance effects of these maladies in the public sector whereas in the nonprofit sector it is associated with higher levels of performance. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.

This study utilizes World Bank Governance indicators to investigate government effectiveness in Asia, both regionally and across sub-regions. Several factors seem to influence the level of government effectiveness: accountability and voice, control of corruption, and wealth and income. The presence of a democratic form of government does not seem to be an important factor, but we note that more sensitive measures of democracy might produce more positive results. We then comment on the strengths and weaknesses of the dataset and offer some suggestions for future research.

external control model of red tape posits that organizations with higher degrees of external control will have higher levels of red tape. According to the model, this is compounded by entropy affecting the communication of rules and their results, limited discretion over rules and procedures, and non-ownership of rules. However, the model predicts that red tape will be mediated by communication from clients and within the organization. Bozeman's model is often cited in the literature, but it has not been subjected to empirical verification. This study tests the model using data from a multiple informant survey of 136 upper tier English local governments conducted in 2004 and several secondary sources. Statistical results show that external control does indeed lead to higher levels of red tape. We then test a number of organizational feedback mediators and find that client feedback does little to mediate the effects of red tape; the major factor is trust between politicians and officers. We discuss these findings and propose some changes to the model.

Prior research has shown that personnel constraints are far more prevalent in the public sector than in the private sector. Anecdotal accounts suggest that public managers are hamstrung by these personnel constraints -particularly their inability to reward and punish employees to promote higher performance. As a result, more than three decades of public management reform has attempted to loosen these constraints on the assumption that more personnel system flexibility will lead to increased organizational performance. We mount an empirical study to test this assumption with data taken from a large-scale survey of English local authorities and other sources. We operationalize personnel constraints using Rainey et al. 1976) longstanding measures: "difficulty in removing poor managers" and "difficulty in rewarding good managers". We show that attitudes towards personnel constraint vary within organizations in statistically significant ways. The results from our lagged autoregressive multiple regression models also show that one of our personnel constraint measures-"difficulty in removing poor managers"-is harmful to performance but that the other "difficulty in rewarding good managers" has weak but positive short-term effects. The implications of these findings for public management research and practice are considered in the concluding section of the paper.

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.

A model was developed and used to determine the optimal slaughter weights of pigs with heterogeneous growth raised in a 1,000 head barn and marketed in truckload groups. Explicitly recognizing the heterogeneity of pig weights and marketing the herd over time in truckload batches can substantially increase profit.

A disposição de resíduos sólidos tem sido um fator crítico na gestão urbana. Os sistemas de tratamento por aterros sanitários predominam, mas novas alternativas têm sido desenvolvidas, respaldadas pela alta tecnologia, porém o investimento financeiro exerce uma forte restrição nessa decisão. Desse modo, é economicamente viável a implantação de um equipamento Alfa em substituição aos aterros sanitários? O objetivo foi levantar os custos com o aterro sanitário e mensurar os custos para implantação de um sistema de tratamento térmico. A metodologia foi uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratória, caracterizada como um estudo de caso na cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon -Paraná. Os resultados demonstram que a substituição não é economicamente viável, optando-se pela permanência do aterro sanitário. A nova tecnologia possui um grande potencial ambiental e social, essencialmente nas cidades onde o espaço físico é bastante restrito ou de alto custo.

Administrasi publik sebagai disiplin ilmu telah berkembang melalui beberapa teori dan paradigma yang mencoba menjelaskan bagaimana pemerintahan dan lembaga-lembaga publik menjalankan fungsi mereka dalam masyarakat. Menurut kajian Teori-Teori Administrasi Publik dalam Konteks Kekinian, administrasi publik meliputi praktik dan studi tentang formulasi kebijakan publik serta implementasi kebijakan tersebut secara reguler dan terorganisir atas nama kepentingan publik. Repositori UIN Alauddin Makassar Dalam konteks akademik, teori-teori administrasi publik tidak hanya mendeskripsikan apa yang terjadi, tetapi juga memberikan kerangka nilai tentang apa yang seharusnya terjadi-termasuk bagaimana birokrasi ideal bekerja, bagaimana respons terhadap kebutuhan publik, serta bagaimana efektivitas dan efisiensi dapat dicapai. Repositori UIN Alauddin Makassar+1 Stephen K. Bailey (dalam sumber oleh Teori-Teori Administrasi Publik dalam Konteks Kekinian) membedakan empat jenis teori administrasi publik: teori deskriptif, teori normatif, teori asumtif, dan teori instrumental. Teori deskriptif berfokus pada gambaran realitas: struktur organisasi, hubungan antara bagian-bagian organisasi dengan lingkungannya, prosedur kerja, hierarki, pembagian tugas, dan sebagainya. Repositori UIN Alauddin Makassar+1 Teori normatif menyangkut nilai-nilai dan tujuan yang seharusnya dijalankan oleh administrasi publik: etika, keadilan, akuntabilitas, standar perilaku, standar prosedur; dalam teori ini peneliti & praktisi diajak berpikir tentang alternatif tindakan yang lebih baik berdasarkan nilai dan tujuan publik. Repositori UIN Alauddin Makassar Teori asumtif mengandung anggapan tentang manusia dan organisasi administratif-misalnya bahwa birokrasi itu bukan malaikat tetapi juga bukan setan; bahwa manusia memiliki kelemahan, bahwa organisasi dipengaruhi banyak faktor internal & eksternal yang mungkin tidak ideal. Repositori UIN Alauddin Makassar Teori instrumental terkait dengan teknik-teknik manajerial dan alat bantu (tools) yang dipakai untuk mencapai tujuan publik secara lebih efisien dan efektif: perencanaan, pengendalian, penggunaan standar, pengukuran kinerja, dan inovasi-inovasi manajemen publik. Repositori UIN Alauddin Makassar+1

The goal of every economy is to have a stable exchange rate with the countries it trades with; therefore exchange rate is very vital to the economy of every country. Nigeria has adopted both fixed and fluctuating exchange rate regimes in order to achieve the goal of a realistic exchange rate but this has proven futile as the economy has continued to perform poorly over the years. This study is therefore aimed at examining the effect exchange rate management has on the output performance of both the agricultural sector and the manufacturing sector. Secondary data from 1981 – 2015 were analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square technique. The results showed that exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on only the agriculture sector. The study recommends amongst others that efforts should be made to increase the exportation of agricultural products in order to boost exchange rate.

Administrasi publik merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu administrasi yang berfokus pada pengelolaan urusan publik, penyelenggaraan kebijakan, serta pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Secara umum, administrasi publik dapat dipahami sebagai suatu proses pengorganisasian dan pengelolaan sumber daya publik untuk mencapai tujuan kepentingan bersama. Chandler dan Plano (dalam Keban, 2004) mendefinisikan administrasi publik sebagai proses di mana sumber daya dan personel publik diorganisasi serta dikoordinasikan untuk memformulasikan, mengimplementasikan, dan mengelola keputusan publik. Sementara itu, Henry (dalam Pasolong, 2008) menyebut administrasi publik sebagai kombinasi antara teori dan praktik dengan tujuan memahami hubungan pemerintah dan masyarakat serta mendorong kebijakan publik agar lebih responsif terhadap kebutuhan sosial. Dari berbagai definisi tersebut terlihat bahwa administrasi publik memiliki ciri utama berupa orientasi pada kepentingan masyarakat luas, akuntabilitas, transparansi, serta keterkaitan yang erat dengan dinamika politik dan hukum.

A transparencia da informacao e uma importante ferramenta para o controle dos atos publicos. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo mensurar o nivel de conformidade das informacoes disponibilizadas pelas Unidades Federativas Brasileiras (UFBs) em atendimento as Leis Complementares N o 101/2000 e N o 131/2009 e Lei N o 12.527/2011, relativas a transparencia da informacao. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, documental e de abordagem quantitativa. Para sua execucao foram pesquisados os portais de transparencia de todas as UFBs. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se de um checklist, elaborado especialmente para esta finalidade, que contempla os requisitos das leis supracitadas. A coleta foi realizada no ano de 2014 e repetida em 2017. Na segunda coleta de dados o resultado das analises demonstra que nenhuma das UFBs alcancou indices acima de 90%, cabe destacar no entanto, que em 2014 oito delas atendiam a menos de 50% dos quesitos pesquisados, em 2017 esse numero caiu para apenas 3 (t...

Belediyeler, belde halkının yerel nitelikli, ortak ve medeni ihtiyaçlarını kendi karar ve yürütme organlarınca düzenleyip sağlayan, kamu tüzel kişiliği ve özerkliği olan yerel hizmet kuruluşları oldukları için kendilerine özgü gelirleri, giderleri ve bunları düzenleyen bütçeye sahiptirler. Belediyeler yapmak zorunda oldukları hizmetleri yerine getirebilmek için, yasaların kendilerine tanıdığı yetkileri kullanarak bir takım gelirleri toplarlar ve yasaların kendilerine tanıdığı sınırlar içinde bu gelirleri harcarlar. Son yıllarda belediyeler şehirleşmenin bir sonucu olarak yeni bir gelir kaynağına sahip olmaya başlamışlardır. Belediye hizmetleri nedeniyle şehirlerin menkul ve gayimenkullerinde oluşan değer artışları değerlendirilmesi gereken önemli bir gelir kaynağı olmuştur.

I would like to express my profound gratitude to the Almighty God for granting me His grace, favor and wisdom to achieve my dream of completing my studies. I extend special thanks and appreciation to my dissertation committee members for their commitment in working with me to complete this dissertation. My interactions with each committee member brought enlightenment to me and exposed me to the particular philosophical culture of academia. I profited a lot from your support. I especially appreciate Dr. Darwin Hendel for walking alongside me as a friend and an academic adviser. I benefited a lot from your trust in me. I also appreciate Dr. David Weerts, my co-advisor who spent time with me exploring the alignment/misalignments between higher education and the labor market. David's background in this area enables him to introduce me to the leaders in this field. In addition, I appreciate Dr. Robert Poch for his support in getting me to this point in my academic sojourn. Dr. Poch was my first adviser when I was newly admitted to the University of Minnesota. He advised me through my master's program and continued on my PhD dissertation committee as a member. I would also like to appreciate Dr. David W. Chapman, the fourth member of my committee. I consider Dr. Chapman a father who nurtured me into thinking about the relevance of international higher education to globalization and international. Dr. Chapman challenged me to think outside the box when thinking about the role of higher education in developing economics. I appreciate all four of you and look forward to working with you beyond the boundary of campus. ii Let me also acknowledge Mr. and Mrs. Reyford and Marie Hayes. I appreciate the parental roles you continue to play in my life. Your encouragements to me to pursue those things that are important to me are stuck to the back of my mind and I reflect on them continuously. Finally, my greatest acknowledgement goes to my beloved family for their love, patience and enormous supports. I had to leave you winter and summer evenings to sit at the library or to stay on campus to complete assignments or attend classes. Your patience, understanding, and encouragement was a force for getting me to this point. Without you, my life is meaningless. I love you girls and will always love you. iii This dissertation is dedicated to Mr. Joseph Flomo and Mrs. Nowai Flomo, my beloved father and mother. This dissertation is also dedicated to my beloved wife and children. I love you so dearly.

I would like to express my profound gratitude to the Almighty God for granting me His grace, favor and wisdom to achieve my dream of completing my studies. I extend special thanks and appreciation to my dissertation committee members for their commitment in working with me to complete this dissertation. My interactions with each committee member brought enlightenment to me and exposed me to the particular philosophical culture of academia. I profited a lot from your support. I especially appreciate Dr. Darwin Hendel for walking alongside me as a friend and an academic adviser. I benefited a lot from your trust in me. I also appreciate Dr. David Weerts, my co-advisor who spent time with me exploring the alignment/misalignments between higher education and the labor market. David's background in this area enables him to introduce me to the leaders in this field. In addition, I appreciate Dr. Robert Poch for his support in getting me to this point in my academic sojourn. Dr. Poch was my first adviser when I was newly admitted to the University of Minnesota. He advised me through my master's program and continued on my PhD dissertation committee as a member. I would also like to appreciate Dr. David W. Chapman, the fourth member of my committee. I consider Dr. Chapman a father who nurtured me into thinking about the relevance of international higher education to globalization and international. Dr. Chapman challenged me to think outside the box when thinking about the role of higher education in developing economics. I appreciate all four of you and look forward to working with you beyond the boundary of campus. ii Let me also acknowledge Mr. and Mrs. Reyford and Marie Hayes. I appreciate the parental roles you continue to play in my life. Your encouragements to me to pursue those things that are important to me are stuck to the back of my mind and I reflect on them continuously. Finally, my greatest acknowledgement goes to my beloved family for their love, patience and enormous supports. I had to leave you winter and summer evenings to sit at the library or to stay on campus to complete assignments or attend classes. Your patience, understanding, and encouragement was a force for getting me to this point. Without you, my life is meaningless. I love you girls and will always love you. iii This dissertation is dedicated to Mr. Joseph Flomo and Mrs. Nowai Flomo, my beloved father and mother. This dissertation is also dedicated to my beloved wife and children. I love you so dearly.

Los Influencers, con su capacidad para llegar a grandes audiencias y moldear opiniones, puedes ser aliados valiosos para la policía en la difusión de mensajes sobre seguridad y protección. Sin embargo, también plantean desafíos y riesgos, como la difusión de información falsa o la promoción de comportamientos antisociales

As manifested in a variety of spiritual, cultural, and political acts and institutions,
piety was indispensable to the creation of common good in Ottoman
society (Yılmaz 2018, 9; Singer 2018; Mandaville 1979). The Ottoman order at
large was markedly shaped by the pious enterprise. From the very beginning of
the Ottoman state, piety-driven non-state public institutions were as important
as temporal political institutions for social formation and its well-being (for a
survey, see Ayverdi 1957). Pious foundations, in particular, had a definitive
impact on Ottoman public space as “sites of civic autonomy” (Gürbüzel 2018).
Early Ottoman rulers were particularly noted for their extensive undertaking
of public works including, but not limited to, mosques, madrasas, caravanserais,
Sufi lodges, hospitals, libraries, public kitchens, orphanages, fountains,
bridges, water canals, and roads (Murphey 2008, 49–52). Apart from the
dynasty, members of the ruling elite, including statesmen, frontier chiefs, merchants,
as well as wealthy sheikhs and scholars, were also invested in creating
public works. This engagement created a strong

High participation of cooperative members in utilizing the services of all goods, services, available dikoperasi ultimately improve the quality and quantity of the best service and excellence by cooperative companies. Time Results of Operations (SHU) is important to be known by members of the cooperative. Because members are owner and user of cooperative services. This research uses descriptive quantitative method, the population in this study are the financial statements of the cooperative to get up and use the sample according to the cooperative&#39;s financial statements during the five (5) years ie from 2007 to 2011. The study found that the accepted hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis, that is to say there is influence between the granting of Business (SHU) The Member Participation Employees Cooperative Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) Rise in Rangkasbitung .

This survey evaluates the current EMP course effectiveness from the students’ perspective and establishes the degree of adaptation of the course content to the learner needs. Our aim is to update the structure of the traditional textbook and to integrate new elements in the English language programme through linguistic tasks and delivery of specialized content for self-study. By creating a flexible learning environment and incorporating the multiple opportunities of the blended learning approach we expect to raise the interest level and to address the individual needs of students with multiple levels of English language competence. An EMP seminar typically comprises of a short theoretical tutorial on a topic of professional interest and a language practice part. Due to time constrains the classroom seminars followed the textbook structure, while for the reinforcement of the specific vocabulary listening, reading and video materials were published on the Blackboard learning platform ...

This paper aims to examine to analyze the multidimensional effects of the public administration digitalization process on the state and society. Additionally, the benefits of this transformation, the challenges it faces, and successful implementations in different countries, as well as to foresee potential discussion topics and governance paradigms for the future. The scope of the research covers the theoretical foundations of e-government and e-governance concepts, and the fundamental gains digitalization provides in public services such as efficiency, transparency, and citizen-centricity. Furthermore, it discusses the main challenges, including the digital divide, cybersecurity threats, and concerns about data privacy, as well as institutional resistance. The scope includes case studies on the e-government implementations of Estonia, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. This study is based on a theoretical literature review and does not generate new empirical data. The analyses are conducted within the framework of existing academic articles and international reports. Therefore, the findings present a synthesis of the existing literature. The digitalization of public administration is not merely a technological transition but a multidimensional process that requires a comprehensive legal, institutional, and cultural transformation. The success of this transformation depends on building trust, including all citizens in the process, and continuously updating the legal framework, beyond just technological infrastructure investments. The findings indicate that digitalization has significantly increased operational efficiency and transparency in public administration, but it has also faced serious obstacles such as inequalities in technology access and cybersecurity risks. It has been determined that successful international examples have overcome these challenges through specific approaches like holistic integration (Estonia), robust infrastructure (South Korea), and user-centric service design (the United Kingdom). As a conclusion, the digitalization process should be managed by protecting and strengthening the fundamental values in the state's relationship with its citizens. The ultimate success of this transformation depends not only on technological competence but also on the protection of fundamental principles such as ethics, justice, and privacy.

The introduction of the Modified Budgeting System (MBS) as one of the New Public Financial Management (NPFM) tools to bring the efficiency of private sector into Malaysian government organisations had its implication on these organisations&#39; performance measurement systems. Therefore, by obtaining perceptions of the senior managers in the civil services who experienced the reform, this study examines the impact of the Modified Budgeting System (MBS) had on performance measurement practice in Malaysian central government organisations. Specifically, the respondents were asked about the impact of the MBS on improving output based performance measurement, linkage between inputs and outputs, and developing own output measures. This study also examines who are the stakeholders consulted to develop performance measures and the level of importance that civil service&#39; managers attach to different types of performance indicators covering both financial and non financial indicators. Th...

The article deals with the issue of the psychological problem of business consulting. The author analyzes different definitions of the concept “consulting” and highlights the main aim of the organizational consulting. The author describes the organizational consulting as the combination of three components: the customer – the organization – the environment, and states that the main goal of consulting is to optimize the interaction of all elements in the system. The main idea of the consulting is not only the solution of actual existing problems of business organizations, but also the acquisition of skills of analysis, evaluation, and solutions to clients&#39; problems in order to give them the path of existing problems solutions in the future has been described in the article

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The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R ® is a registered trademark.

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND-make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute.html R ® is a registered trademark.

The project proposes the installation of traffic lights with CCTV monitoring at strategic intersections in Gitagum, Misamis Oriental, specifically at the BCIR-Gitagum Municipal Hall intersection and the BCIR-Matangad Barangay Hall intersection. These areas experience high volumes of pedestrian and vehicular traffic, posing risks of congestion and accidents. The initiative seeks to enhance road safety, improve traffic management, and strengthen public security through modern signalization and surveillance systems. With a total appropriation of Php 2,000,000.00 funded under the 20% Municipal Development Fund CY 2025 Realignment (SIP #6, s. 2025), the project directly benefits 3,244 residents of Barangay Poblacion (916 households) and 3,972 residents of Barangay Matangad (1,078 households), alongside adjacent communities and commuters. The project aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3, SDG 9, and SDG 11), contributing to safer, more sustainable, and better-managed communities.

Dual labor market hypothesis developed in the 1960s asserts that labor markets consist of primary markets with good conditions in respect to earnings, promotion and working conditions and secondary markets with low yield, poor working conditions and low unionization and insurance coverage. Human capital investments yield high-yield in the primary markets with qualified jobs and yield of the human capital investments are low in secondary jobs for the reason that they require fewer qualifications. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. Mob.+905065455049 E-mail address: ftopbas@balikesir.edu.tr.

Pensar fuera de la caja burocrática propone un ejercicio de gran valor para el campo actual de las ciencias sociales que consiste en buscar en los intersticios y los espacios de oportunidad institucionales las claves para entender el funcionamiento y la lógica de trabajo de las administraciones públicas de nuestra región. Un abordaje original para un ámbito en constante transformación. El texto propone una serie de enfoques sesudos y reflexivos a cargo de especialistas de primer nivel alrededor de la gestión de la innovación en ámbitos públicos. Este doble ejercicio del que hablo se torna particularmente necesario al calor de las urgencias y requerimientos siempre crecientes de los gobiernos de América Latina y el Caribe (caf, 2017).

The main purpose of this study was to establish and critically analyse the perceptions of final year students on the extent to which the business management programme enhances graduate employability in Botswana. Extant literature alludes to the fact that ensuring employability connotes a situation where a graduate of a curriculum is not only able to gain employment but also to maintain that employment. The study used the CareerEDGE model to explain the anatomy of employability as well as to articulate the extent of preparedness for employment that is required for a Business Management student to be able to meet the requirements of the labour market. Using a selected university, a simple random sampling strategy was used to select 92 students to participate in the study. A descriptive research strategy that employed a structured questionnaire for data collection was used. Results of the study showed that studied most of the final year Business Management degree students were of the v...

Mali saydamlık bilgi edinme hakkının bir sonucu olup demokrasinin vazgeçilmez unsurlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda hem finansal alanda yaşanan ekonomik krizlerin hem de siyasal alanda yaşanan istikrarsızlıkların önemli bir nedeninin de kamu mali yönetiminde saydamlığın olmayışı ile açıklanması, mali saydamlığın önemini artırmıştır. Bu çerçevede mali saydamlığın izlenmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi için hem ulusal hem de uluslararası düzeyde IMF ve IBP gibi kuruluşlarca standartlar geliştirilmiş ve ülke raporları hazırlanmıştır. Türkiye'de ise mali saydamlığın güçlendirilmesine yönelik ilk çalışmalar 2000'lerin başında başlamış ve kamu mali yönetiminin saydam bir şekilde yeniden yapılandırılması için günümüze kadar birçok yasal ve idari düzenleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada mali saydamlığın öneminden hareketle Türkiye'de mali saydamlığın durumu değerlendirilmekte ve mali saydamlığın güçlendirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.