Preventive management

Preventive control of desert locusts is based on monitoring recession areas to detect outbreaks. Remote sensing has been increasingly used in the preventive control strategy. Soil moisture is a major ecological driver of desert locust populations but is still missing in the current imagery toolkit for preventive management. By means of statistical analyses, combining field observations of locust presence/absence and soil moisture estimates at 1 km resolution from a disaggregation algorithm, we assess the potential of soil moisture to help preventive management of desert locust. We observe that a soil moisture dynamics increase of above 0.09 cm3/cm3 for 20 days followed by a decrease of soil moisture may increase the chance to observe locusts 70 days later. We estimate the gains in early warning timing compared to using imagery from vegetation to be 3 weeks. We demonstrate that forecasting errors may be reduced by the combination of several types of indicators such as soil moisture a...

1. Preventive control of desert locusts is based on monitoring recession areas to detect outbreaks. Remote sensing has been increasingly used in the preventive control strategy. Soil moisture is a major ecological driver of desert locust populations but is still missing in the current imagery toolkit for preventive management. Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 5. Implications pour les politiques publiques : Nous recommandons l'utilisation opérationnelle des estimations d'humidité du sol à 1 km de résolution dans la lutte préventive contre le criquet pèlerin. Quand l'humidité du sol augmente dans une zone aride d'habitat potentiel du criquet pèlerin, des prospections acridiennes devraient être conduites dans les deux mois suivants afin d'évaluer le besoin d'effectuer d'autres mesures préventives. L'humidité du sol estimée par télédétection pourrait aussi être utile dans la gestion intégrée d'autres ravageurs des cultures.

In a French national cohort of unaffected females carriers/non-carriers of a BRCA1/2 mutation, long-term preventive strategies and breast/ovarian cancer risk perceptions were followed up to 5 years after test result disclosure, using self-administered questionnaires. Response rate was 74%. Carriers (N¼101) were younger (average age±SD¼37±10) than non-carriers (N¼145; 42 ± 12). There were four management strategies that comprised 88% of the decisions made by the unaffected carriers: 50% opted for breast surveillance alone, based on either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging (31%) or mammography alone (19%); 38% opted for either risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and breast surveillance, based on MRI and other imaging (28%) or mammography alone (10%). The other three strategies were: risk reducing mastectomy (RRM) and RRSO (5%), RRM alone (2%) and neither RRM/RRSO nor surveillance (6%). The results obtained for various age groups are presented here. Non-carriers often opted for screening despite their low cancer risk. Result disclosure increased carriers' short-term high breast/ovarian cancer risk perceptions (Pp0.02) and decreased non-carriers' short-and long-term perceptions (Po0.001). During follow-up, high breast cancer risk perceptions increased with time among those who had no RRM and decreased in the opposite case; high ovarian cancer risk perceptions increased further with time among those who had no RRSO and decreased in the opposite case; RRSO did not affect breast cancer risk perceptions. Informed decision-making involves letting women know whether opting for RRSO and breast MRI surveillance is as effective in terms of survival as RRM and RRSO.

Surveillance for Covid-19 provides valuable  monitoring of the virus spread and also reduces the uncertainty surrounding the true extent of the pandemic and its mortality rate. Considered one of the most reliable forms of data collection, surveillance testing was done among small number of demographically representative random people to use as an estimate for the whole population. Due to these reasons, attempt was made to develop a model for Covid-19 virus surveillance using rapid antibody testing method for screening the human populations on disease prevalence, which can be followed by rRT-PCR testing. This screening method was test checked in virtual situation in Qutbullapur Municipality of Medak district, Telangana state, wherein three different areas – High risk, Moderate risk and Low risk each having 3 km area were identified in the Municipality with 2118 houses and projections were made for virtual sampling in 4 replicated unit areas. The projection of cost analysis came as Rs. 11,900 for first round rapid sample collection from randomly selected houses in entire Municipality, which appeared as a feasible financial projection for a disease like Covid-19. Major town/cities can consider to adopt this as surveillance method for covid-19 virus.

In the article, the authors consider the preventive methods that are relevant and in demand in the future, which can be applied in the framework of innovation management and are already used in other fields of management. The use of preventive research methods is most relevant in innovation management, since it is this type of management that is associated with increased conditions of uncertainty and risk, but in case of successful implementation of the innovation, all costs will be covered. Therefore, if more accurate predictive information is available using the preventive methods described in the article, the number of successful implementations of innovations will be increased, which will have a fruitful effect on the company, increasing its profits, competitive advantage and position in the market.