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Presidential Decrees

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Presidential decrees are official orders issued by a president that have the force of law. They are used to manage the operations of the executive branch, implement policies, or direct government agencies, often bypassing the legislative process. The authority and scope of such decrees vary by country and constitutional framework.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Presidential decrees are official orders issued by a president that have the force of law. They are used to manage the operations of the executive branch, implement policies, or direct government agencies, often bypassing the legislative process. The authority and scope of such decrees vary by country and constitutional framework.

Key research themes

1. How do presidential decrees function as instruments of executive discretion and what are the limits on their use?

This theme investigates presidential decrees as discretionary tools that shape executive policy-making, highlighting the balance between executive autonomy and legal or constitutional constraints. Key concerns include the discretionary nature of decrees, the scope of executive authority in issuing them, and judicial or institutional mechanisms that limit or review decree use to prevent overreach or abuse of power.

Key finding: Shanet demonstrates that executive discretion in policymaking, including through litigation settlements like consent decrees, reveals broad but informally constrained authority. He highlights concerns over consent decrees... Read more
Key finding: Power, Pereira, and Rennó provide empirical evidence from Brazil that presidential decree usage depends more strongly on executive-legislative relations and coalition management than on unilateral action or delegation... Read more
Key finding: This paper applies computational methods to classify and analyze Brazilian presidential decrees, revealing the thematic priorities and policy areas targeted by executive discretion in decree issuance. It underscores how... Read more
Key finding: Carp explores the Romanian context where presidential decrees can be individual or normative acts, emphasizing legal uncertainty over their normative scope. The study reveals legal debates about decree validity,... Read more

2. What constitutional, judicial, and institutional controls exist to regulate presidential decrees and prevent abuse of emergency powers?

This theme centers on constitutional and legal frameworks that regulate the promulgation and control of presidential decrees, especially in emergency or exceptional circumstances. It focuses on judicial review, constitutional court practices, countersignature requirements, and legal doctrines aimed at ensuring decrees comply with constitutional mandates and that executive power does not erode the rule of law or separation of powers.

Key finding: Bjørnskov and Voigt provide a quantitative analysis of states of emergency globally, identifying numerous unconstitutional emergency declarations. They conclude that autocratic governments and bicameral legislatures are more... Read more
Key finding: This study demonstrates through expert interviews and case data that despite constitutional provisions, Czech presidents have regularly tested or exceeded their discrete powers via decrees and appointments. It reveals... Read more
Key finding: Analyzing Albanian presidential decrees, this paper clarifies the legal and normative classification of election date-setting decrees, underscoring debate between normative and individual administrative nature. It highlights... Read more
Key finding: Uysal documents Turkish Constitutional Court jurisprudence that traditionally imposed strict conditions on executive decree authority, including urgency and necessity tests. However, the Court’s eventual abandonment of this... Read more
Key finding: This paper discusses Indian constitutional and statutory mechanisms empowering judiciary to review and remedy unlawful administrative actions, including presidential decrees. It details writs, injunctions, and tort liability... Read more

3. How do presidential signing statements, proclamations, and veto-related decrees affect executive-legislative relations and presidential power?

This theme explores various forms of executive instruments beyond formal decrees, such as presidential signing statements, proclamations, and amendatory veto recommendations, focusing on their constitutional implications and effects on the separation of powers. Research here addresses how these instruments expand or clarify executive interpretation, influence law-making, and shift power balances between president and legislature.

Key finding: This paper delineates the evolving constitutional role of presidential signing statements in the US, showing their use as interpretive tools that simultaneously assert executive prerogative and provoke separation of powers... Read more
Key finding: The author reveals that Kenya’s constitutional interpretation allowing the president to issue amendatory recommendations during bill veto processes transforms the president from a negative veto actor to an active legislative... Read more
Key finding: This study assesses President George W. Bush’s strategic use of executive orders, proclamations, and signing statements to shape policy domestically and internationally. It finds that these instruments effectively expanded... Read more
Key finding: Young analyzes early US presidential proclamations as tools for direct communication with the public, moral leadership, and mobilization during crises. This historical perspective demonstrates how proclamations reinforced... Read more
Key finding: Mayer provides a comprehensive legal and empirical analysis of US executive orders, clarifying their constitutional basis and functional importance as presidential policy tools. He establishes that, despite their limitations,... Read more

All papers in Presidential Decrees

Türkiye'de 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş'ta meydana gelen depremlerin ardından, depremden etkilenen 10 ilde üç ay süreyle olağanüstü hâl (OHAL) dönemi yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; yürütmenin güçlenmesinin doğal bir sonuç... more
Needs for institutions of administrative law was present for a very long time. With the intention to fulfill this need I have drafted and systemized relevant categories of public administration, in that way that are dedicated to the... more
Öz 2017 yılında yapılan Anayasa değişiklikleri ile halk tarafından seçilen ve yürütme organının makamında tecessüm ettiği Cumhurbaşkanına herhangi bir kanuna dayanmak zorunda olmayan kararnameler çıkarma yetkisi vermiştir. Söz konusu... more
Yeni hükümet sisteminin en çok tartışılan konularından birisi; yürütmenin başı konumundaki Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından çıkarılan cumhurbaşkanlığı işlemleridir. Cumhurbaşkanlığı işlemlerini temelde ikiye ayırabiliriz: Bireysel işlemler ve... more
1982 Anayasası süreç içerisinde pek çok değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu değişikliklerin en kapsamlısı ise 16 Nisan 2017'de yapılan referandum ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Burada ise dikkatimizi özellikle Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi çekmektedir;... more
ÖZ Kanun hükmünde kararname ya da kanun gücünde kararname 1985 Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) Anayasası'nın 112. maddesinde, yasa gücünde kararname adıyla düzenlenmektedir. Bu kararnameleri çıkarmaya Bakanlar Kurulu yetkilidir.... more
1982 Anayasası süreç içerisinde pek çok değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu değişikliklerin en kapsamlısı ise 16 Nisan 2017’de yapılan referandum ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Burada ise dikkatimizi özellikle Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi çekmektedir;... more
Demokratik hukuk devletlerinde kural koyma yetkisi meclislere yani yasama organına ait bir yetki olarak görülmektedir. Buna karşılık, yürütme (başkan veya hükümet) ise kanunları uygulamak ile görevli organ olarak varlık göstermektedir.... more
2017 Anayasa değişiklikleri ile anayasal ilkeleri belirlenmiş olan Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi, yürütme organına sosyal, siyasal ve idari alanda düzenleme yapma yetkisi vermektedir� Yürütme organını oluşturan Cumhurbaşkanı, yasal bir... more
Öz 2017 Anayasa değişiklikleri ile Cumhurbaşkanı'na yürütme yetkisine ilişkin konularda kararname çıkarma yetkisi verilmiştir. Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri, yürütmenin diğer düzenleyici işlemlerinin aksine, kanuna dayanmak zorunda... more
bütünüyle yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu değişiklik sonucu Türkiye'de uygulanmakta olan rasyonelleştirilmiş parlamenter sistem yerini "Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükûmet sistemi" olarak isimlendirilen başkanlık sistemine de benzeyen ancak kendine özgü... more
The new government system of Turkey can be described as hyper-presidentialism due to the powers belongs to the president such as decrees, appointment power to bureaucratic offices and judiciary and the dissolve of the parliament. As... more
bütünüyle yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu değişiklik sonucu Türkiye'de uygulanmakta olan rasyonelleştirilmiş parlamenter sistem yerini "Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükûmet sistemi" olarak isimlendirilen başkanlık sistemine de benzeyen ancak kendine özgü... more
The application of the principle of legality must meet various requirements dealing specifically with its extent or its reach in the administrative activity. The question that we will seek to answer in this paper is the following: with... more
This paper dissects the potential of state-of-the-art computational analysis to promote the investigation of government’s administrative decisions and politics. The Executive Branch generates massive amounts of textual data comprising... more
Topic models extract latent concepts from texts in the form of topics. Lifelong topic models extend topic models by learning topics continuously based on accumulated knowledge from the past which is updated continuously as new information... more
Government transparency and openness are key factors to bring forth the modernization of the state. The combination of transparency and digital information has given rise to the concept of Open Government, that increases citizen... more
This paper dissects the potential of state-of-the-art computational analysis to promote the investigation of government's administrative decisions and politics. The Executive Branch generates massive amounts of textual data comprising... more
The decision of the Central Election Commission not to implement the decree of the President of the Republic revoking the Decree by which he had set June 30, 2019 as the date for the general local elections in the Republic of Albania,... more
The Constitutional amendment, made with the Law No. 6771 enacted on 21 January 2017, was approved by the referendum held on 16 April 2017. After the amendment the rationalized parliamentary system, which was applied in Turkey, was... more
Çalışma cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamelerinin Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından denetiminde takip edilen iki aşamanın kıyaslanmasını ele almaktadır. Bu iki aşama, esas denetimi içinde yer alan “konu bakımından yetki” ile “içerik” denetimidir.... more
Bütçe hakkının genel hatları ile ele alındığı ve bu doğrultuda Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesine ilişkin kararının değerlendirildiği bu çalışma iki ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın bütçe hakkı başlığını... more
movement and the state-organised sale of artistic furnishings confiscated from private properties after 1945 on the authority of decrees issued by the President of Czechoslovakia is an area of research that is topical but as yet remains... more
Çalışmada kararname yetkisi, anayasaların açıkça tanıdığı yetkiye dayalı olarak yahut açıkça yasaklamadığı alanlarda, devlet başkanının tek başına ya da oluşumunda aktif olarak yer almak suretiyle diğer aktörlerle yaptığı; kanun hükmünde... more
2017 Anayasa değişikliklerinin yürürlüğe girmesi ile birlikte, Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi (Kararname), kanun ve diğer düzenleyici işlemler arasındaki ilişkiyi alt üst etmiştir. Bu çerçevede, kararnamelerin yarattığı karmaşadan öğreti de... more
Bu makalede cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri anayasa ve idare hukuku bakımından genel bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri 1982 Anayasasının 107. maddesinde öngörülmüş, Cumhurbaşkanlığı idari teşkilatını... more
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