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Premodern Japan

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Premodern Japan refers to the historical period in Japan prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868, encompassing the Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun, Nara, Heian, Kamakura, Muromachi, and Edo periods. This era is characterized by the development of distinct cultural, social, and political structures, including feudalism, samurai culture, and the influence of Buddhism and Shinto.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Premodern Japan refers to the historical period in Japan prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868, encompassing the Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun, Nara, Heian, Kamakura, Muromachi, and Edo periods. This era is characterized by the development of distinct cultural, social, and political structures, including feudalism, samurai culture, and the influence of Buddhism and Shinto.

Key research themes

1. How did agriculture and marine resource adaptation shape prehistoric and early historic socio-economic formations in premodern Japan?

This theme explores the transition from Jomon hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities, examining the diversity in adoption rates and practices of rice cultivation and marine resource specialization across different regions of Japan. Understanding local adaptations and the spread of multi-crop agriculture sheds light on the foundations of Japan's premodern economy and its socio-economic complexity.

Key finding: This study reveals regional variation in the transition from Jomon hunter-gatherers to agriculture, with eastern groups exhibiting slow or resisted adoption of rice farming due to specialized marine resource exploitation,... Read more
Key finding: The paper argues that Bronze Age globalization introduced a multi-crop cereal agriculture system (rice, millet, wheat, barley) to Japan, which fueled architectural and economic diversification including specialized fishing... Read more
Key finding: This comparative study finds that Japan’s affluent foraging societies achieved significant social complexity before the adoption of continental rice agriculture, paralleling Eastern North America. Importantly, increasing... Read more
Key finding: The paper documents significant continental influences on Late and Final Jomon societies, including demographic shifts, cultural decentralization, and the introduction of crops like adzuki and soybeans. It challenges the... Read more

2. What roles did ritual objects and cosmologies play in the religious and political practices of ancient Japan?

This research area investigates the significance of human-shaped ritual artifacts and syncretic cosmologies (notably Onmyōdō) in purification rites, spiritual communication, and political legitimacy. The integration of Daoist, Buddhist, and Shinto elements through material culture demonstrates how ritual practices mediated social control, divine authority, and cultural identity in premodern Japanese society.

Key finding: This study establishes that hitogata (human-shaped effigies) and jinmen bokusho doki (ritual pottery with human faces) were central to Onmyōdō purification and exorcism ceremonies from the Asuka through Heian periods.... Read more
Key finding: Investigating the cultural concept of the ningyo (human-fish hybrid), the paper demonstrates its role as an interstitial symbol linking religious, political, and scientific discourses. The ningyo’s ambiguous status challenged... Read more

3. How were historical narratives and imperial ideology constructed and disseminated in early modern Japan to frame Japan's place in regional and global contexts?

This theme examines historiographical strategies that shaped constructions of Japan’s early modern history, emphasizing how Japanese scholars and imperial actors positioned Japan vis-à-vis European and East Asian powers through narratives of expansion, political agency, and cultural identity formation. The intertwining of scholarship, translation, and popular discourse reveals intellectual imperialism and the co-production of knowledge about Japan’s global role.

Key finding: Analyzing the works of the historian Murakami Naojirō, this article reveals how seventeenth-century Japanese actors were portrayed as equivalents to European and Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia. Through comparisons with... Read more
Key finding: This collection elucidates imperial self-legitimation strategies from the 3rd to 9th centuries, focusing on the Japanese court’s political ideology portraying emperors as manifest gods governing not only Japan but also... Read more

All papers in Premodern Japan

In diesem Beitrag soll es um die religionswissenschaftliche Betrachtung von Ritualen in Japan gehen, da die Rituale unserer Meinung nach einen starken Anknüpfungspunkt mit der Theorie der Neuen Institutionenökonomik und der Frage nach der... more
"A Storm in a Rice Bowl" Haaretz [weekend suppl.] (June 20, 2025), 38–40.

רעידת אדמה שלא קרתה, קומיקס אפוקליפטי ופוליטיקאי שחי על חשבון הציבור — כל אלה גררו את יפן למחסור מדומה במזון. תגובת הממשלה דווקא היתה אמיתית ומהירה
Laut Ueda Shizuteru ist Dōgens Text "Genjō kōan" das "Alpha und Omega" seiner Lehre. Die Übersetzung richtet sich an ein allgemeines Publikum. Publiziert im Rahmen des METIS-Projekts der ETH Zürich.
During the 7th and 8th centuries, Japan underwent a profound metamorphosis as it transitioned towards establishing an early feudal state and solidifying its central authority. This transformative period was marked by the implementation of... more
This chapter examines human-shaped effigies (hitogata) and a unique type of ritual pottery characterized by human faces (jinmen bokusho doki) from ancient Japan in the context of Onmyōdō, a tradition of blending elements from Daoism,... more
Emperor Kanmu's first official act in 781 was to appoint his younger brother Prince Sawara the Crown Prince, although in November of 785 he deposed Sawara from that position. Shortly thereafter Kanmu named his own son, Prince Ate, as his... more
This paper expands upon talk of the same name given at the February 2023 KIZUNA India-Japan Study Forum hybrid conference, Discovering India-Japan Civilizational Ties and Southeast Asia Connectivities. For published paper, see MacBain,... more
Emperor Shōmu’s travels, particularly in the years from 740 to 745, have long attracted attention from Japanese scholars. He has been characterized as “the wandering Emperor,” and the period saw the sovereign undertake a months-long trek... more
The first fourteen years of Shōmu’s reign were marked by a number of dramatic incidents. In 727 a Crown Prince was born to Shōmu and his consort Kōmyō, but the infant died within a year. Prince Nagaya, the Great Minister of the Left, led... more
"Die 8 Häuser gehen auf eine sehr alte Überlieferung zurück und konnten später schriftlich u.a. bei Jing Fang belegt werden - wobei es hier u.a. auch um Medizinische Anwendungen geht. Denis Schilling und Steve Marshall beschreiben in... more
Emperor Kōnin, who had taken the throne in Hōki 1 (770), reigned until his abdication in the spring of the first year of Ten'ō (781). The eleven years of his rule were designated by the era name of 'Jeweled Tortoise', so labelled because... more
Nara's hackneyed image as Japan's―first permanent capital‖ in the minds of Western historians has been steadily undermined by the realization that in fact Nara was anything but. Shōmu Tennō's midcentury capital shuffling... more
Review of „Rezension von Mark Teeuwen, 1996, Watarai-
Shintō: An Intellectual History of the Outer Shrine in Ise (Leiden: Research
School CNWS ).“
In the present article, it is initially asserted that the determination of whether a binomial is fixed (and therefore phraseological) or if it constitutes an ad hoc formation (and is thus non-phraseological) can pose challenges within... more
"The Bears in Japan Have Discovered a Delicious Snack: Humans" Haaretz [weekend suppl.] (August 2, 2024), 54–55 שינויי האקלים והדמוגרפיה ביפן מוציאים את הדובים מהיערות, והרשויות מגיבות באטיות מאז 2008, 41 איש מתו בהתקלויות עמם. שנת... more
Deutsche Japanologen und Japanjuristen leben in weitgehend getrennten Welten. Sie haben separate Studiengänge, sie unterhalten verschiedene akademische Vereinigungen und sie veröffentlichen in jeweils unterschiedlichen Zeitschriften.... more
Abstract: Nanpo Bunshi’s famous Teppōki (An Account of Firearms) describes the arrival in 1543 of a ship at Tanegashima, an island off of Kyushu, with Portuguese on board who introduced firearms to Japan. Often, this event is identified... more
Emperor Shōmu's travels, particularly in the years from 740 to 745, have long attracted attention from Japanese scholars. He has been characterized as "the wandering Emperor," and the period saw the sovereign undertake a months-long trek... more
Die Fragen ach der diachronen Identität des Shintō (wörtlich: "Weg der Kami")eingedeutscht auch "Shintoismus" oder "Schintoismus"-beschäftigt Fachgelehrte seit Jahrzehnten.¹ Der früheste Quellenbeleg des Begriffs in japanischem Schrifttum... more
In the thematic section of our winter volume, guest editors Philippe Buc and Thomas D. Conlan present a collection of articles on Japanese and European oath-taking and oath-breaking practices and their developments during the medieval... more
"Miss Nippon 2024 Sparked a Lively Public Debate." Haaretz [weekend suppl.] (February 2, 2024), 44–45. קרולינה שיאינו נולדה באוקראינה ומתגוררת ביפן מגיל 5. בינואר השנה, היא זכתה בתואר מיס ניפון - הראשונה ששני הוריה אינם ממוצא יפני.... more
Proposed to express unions Newspaper and Le monde diplomatique, as well as Merkur concerning - to long for newspapers - scientists and artists i know and developments, which are endangouring once more what should and may will become the... more
The text offers a new German translation of Kūkai’s famous text
The guiding question for this contribution can be specified as follows: To what extent is the acquisition of 'paranormal' abilities thematized in religious anthropologies and to what extent is the successful mastery of such abilities... more
Hiermit erkläre ich, daß JAPANISCHES HEILSVERSTÄNDNIS: SOTERIOLOGIE IM KONTEXT DES JAPANISCHEN ANIMISMUS (JAPANESE UNDERSTANDING OF SALVATION: SOTERIOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF JAPANESE ANIMISM) von mir stammt und daß alle Quellen, die ich... more
"When the Catastrophe Struck, They Unsheathed Their Swords against Anyone who Appeared Different." Haaretz [weekend suppl.] (September 1, 2023), 50–51. יפן מציינת בימים אלה מאה שנים לרעידת האדמה הקטלנית בתולדותיה. טבח שהתרחש בצִלה... more
Domestic animal usage remains a key problem in understanding Japan's premodern economy. Assumptions that religious and other cultural proscriptions limited the use of domesticated animals, and the consumption of meat in particular, from... more
‘Japón en su historia’ nos ofrece un recorrido riguroso y preciso a través de la evolución de la sociedad, religión y cultura japonesas desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, basado en los trabajos de investigación y divulgación más... more
במאמר קצר זה אני בוחן נסיונות בחקלאות בת קיימא באזור הכנרת
die in westlichen Sprachen inzwischen zum Thema "Zen" verfaßt worden sind, den für den Anlaß angemessensten herauszusuchen-immerhin verzeichnet die 1991 publizierte Biblio graphie von James L. GARDNER annähernd 3.000 Titel zum Thema... more
In the modern Japanese imperial family, women are prevented from taking the throne which is an artefact of the Imperial Household Law of 1889. The subject remains the centre of considerable debate in contemporary Japanese politics... more
Nach der Skizzierung historischer Meilensteine in Politik und Wirtschaftist es erforderlich, sich eingehender mit den religiösen Anschauungen zu beschäftigen, die im vorherigen Kapitel erwähnt wurden. Für die Entwicklung... more
In Japan gibt es seit der Antike eine Tradition der Kirschblüten-Ikonographie als Sinnbild der Vergänglichkeit, wobei nicht nur gewisse semantische Differenzen zwischen dem japanischen Vergänglichkeitskonzept und der... more
Für diese Analyse des \(\it Juhō-yōjin-shū\) wurde das Werk erstmals vollständig herangezogen. Die Auffassung, das Werk sei eine Kritik an Erscheinungen der shingon-buddhistischen Richtung Tachikawa-ryū, ließ sich dadurch revidieren. Es... more
This thesis deals with several aspects of Islamic folk religion, at first in general, the second part is an account of my research about saint veneration in Egypt 2008.
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