Plant Layout

The following report illustrates a layout design for an economically viable glass recycling facility in Trinidad and Tobago to reduce the amount of waste glass in the country’s landfills, hence sustaining it. The design was conducted using a new philosophy developed by manipulating Reed’s Plant Layout Procedure, Apple’s Plant Layout Procedure, Muther’s Systematic Layout Planning Procedure and Nadler’s Ideal Systems Approach with my own input.
The plant will convert waste glass into decorative glass tiles that can be sold in Trinidad and Tobago. The recommended land area for the plant is 30.23 m × 21.17 m and is to be located in the Point Lisas Industrial Estate. The total capital cost of the plant is $12,255,575.80 TTD and operating cost is $16,779.20 TTD a day. The plant’s design will essentially cut the rate of waste glass into the landfills by 30 tons/day. If implemented the plant would provide numerous benefits that will outweigh its initial construction and operating expenses.
Various methods was employed to prove the plant’s feasibility, which included determining the percentage utilisation of the plant’s equipment, the percentage utilisation of the plant’s floor area by equipment, a cost benefit analysis, market analysis and etcetera. In the end, it was determined that the plant will be a worthwhile venture and will surely make an impact on the country’s landfills.

Os ambientes virtuais já constituem um campo em crescente desenvolvimento e estão se tornando cada dia mais populares, em diversas áreas. Um exemplo disto é o software Second Life, que cria um ambiente digital tridimensional online, o qual tem se tornado muito conhecido ultimamente, onde os usuários podem criar elementos gráficos como objetos, casas, acessórios, através de técnicas de modelagem tridimensional. Neste sentido o estudo buscou primeiramente identificar os processos de criação desses objetos através de entrevistas com usuários e desenvolvedores do software. Após esta etapa foram realizados estudos de caso com cada uma das possibilidades de modelagem identificadas, com o objetivo de testar as possibilidades existentes. Ao final relatam-se as vantagens e desvantagens de cada processo identificado. Palavras-chave: ambientes virtuais, modelagem geométrica, modelagem visual.

Os ambientes virtuais já constituem um campo em crescente desenvolvimento e estão se tornando cada dia mais populares, em diversas áreas. Um exemplo disto é o software Second Life, que cria um ambiente digital tridimensional online, o qual tem se tornado muito conhecido ultimamente, onde os usuários podem criar elementos gráficos como objetos, casas, acessórios, através de técnicas de modelagem tridimensional. Neste sentido o estudo buscou primeiramente identificar os processos de criação desses objetos através de entrevistas com usuários e desenvolvedores do software. Após esta etapa foram realizados estudos de caso com cada uma das possibilidades de modelagem identificadas, com o objetivo de testar as possibilidades existentes. Ao final relatam-se as vantagens e desvantagens de cada processo identificado. Palavras-chave: ambientes virtuais, modelagem geométrica, modelagem visual.

Safety and performance are important factors in the design and operation of chemical plants. This paper describes the formulation of a mixed integer nonlinear programming model for the optimization of plant layout with safety considerations. The model considers a quantitative risk analysis to take safety into account, and a bowtie analysis is used to identify possible catastrophic outcomes. These effects are quantified through consequence analyses and probit models. The model allows the location of facilities at any available point, an advantage over grid-based models. Two case studies are solved to show the applicability of the proposed approach.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo é guiar o leitor no processo de produção de uma aplicação de Realidade Virtual imersiva para a apresentação de um projeto de arquitetura, usando a tecnologia de jogos digitais e avaliando a experiência do usuário. Por meio de óculos de Realidade Virtual e a sensação de imersão, o usuário pode sentir-se em um projeto que ainda não existe, possibilitando uma maior compreensão do espaço projetado. Para isso, foi criado um apartamento com uma decoração convidativa no qual o usuário, utilizando um Oculus Rift, consegue movimentar-se livremente e é capaz de interagir com a decoração trocando revestimentos. Durante o desenvolvimento, foram feitos testes de usabilidade a fim de adequar o produto final a uma melhor experiência do usuário. Para este projeto, foi utilizada a metodologia chamada "Double Diamond", criada pelo Design Council.

O objetivo deste artigo e guiar o leitor no processo de producao de uma aplicacao de Realidade Virtual imersiva para a apresentacao de um projeto de arquitetura, usando a tecnologia de jogos digitais e avaliando a experiencia do usuario. Por meio de oculos de Realidade Virtual e a sensacao de imersao, o usuario pode sentir-se em um projeto que ainda nao existe, possibilitando uma maior compreensao do espaco projetado. Para isso foi criado um apartamento com uma decoracao convidativa no qual o usuario utilizando um Oculos Rift consegue movimentar-se livremente e e capaz de interagir com a decoracao trocando revestimentos. Durante o desenvolvimento foram feitos testes de usabilidade a fim de adequar o produto final a uma melhor experiencia do usuario. Para este projeto foi utilizada a metodologia foi chamada como “ Double Diamond ”, criada pelo Design Council .

Distance Education (EAD) is a dynamic teaching and learning process, formed by an interface that involves information and communication technologies and that in the area of health represents a new perspective and a trend. Whereas during g hospitalization the child is subjected to procedures that cause pain, physical and psychological suffering, in addition to the consequent suffering of the illness itself, which increases the anxiety and fear present in this context. A resource other than the use of pain control drugs that has been gaining space in the literature is Virtual Reality (VR), a method that allows the distraction of your real senses. Therefore, this project proposes to manufacture recreational material in VR, for training health professionals in the management of pain in this public. Objective: The general objective was to create an application in virtual reality as a tool for the realistic training of health professionals about pain management in children with cancer. Methodology: training on 3d modeling in Autodesk 3DS MAX 2017® software and on creating games on Unreal Engine 4.15®; development of 3d models; creation of the game script with theoretical foundation; game development. Result: A game in VR that provides the insertion of the EAD student to experience and training during contact with the hospitalization of the pediatric cancer patient. Conclusion: the creation of VR media and the possibility of making them accessible for use in distance education in health areas can significantly contribute to the learning and experience of professionals in the context of hospitalizations of children undergoing cancer treatment, in addition to boosting the popularization of the use of such technology.

Nigeria has huge deposits of kaolin spread across the country. Yet, Kaolin and its derivatives cost Nigeria around 14 million USD annually, and they have diverse industrial applications such as the manufacturing of paper, ceramics, cosmetics, medicine, paints, and porcelain. This loss of revenue is due to the under-tapping of the mineral due to the absence of beneficiation plants. Currently, the mining is primarily done crudely by artisan miners. Implementing modern manufacturing infrastructure requires adequate attention to cater to facility layout and future improvements, reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, space utilization, etc. Simulation exercises proffer solutions to these problems in a virtual environment. This work reports a proposed facility layout design for kaolin beneficiation. The proposed plant was designed using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) methodology and tested using FLEXSIM Simulation software to optimize the plant's production capacity. The results from the design showed that the optimized production plant had an annual production capacity of 95,328 tons, which was higher than the initial layout, with 69,120 tons per annum. The workstations utilization for the optimized layout showed better results than the initial layout design, with the optimized results showing improvements in the efficiency of the workstations as follows (after the simulation): fluid mixer1 had 73.77%, sedimentation tank had 18.44%, rotary drum dryer had 18.44%, packaging line had 63.87%, Screener_washer had 74.46%, and magnetic separator has 63.94% utilization.

We examine the (dis)incentive effects created by the respective tax systems to invest in human capital in Atlantic Canada and compare this to a select group of provinces from the rest of Canada. While findings show a steady decline in effective tax rates through the years, thereby creating an incentive effect to invest in post-secondary education, disproportionately higher rate gap differentials in the Atlantic Provinces, on average, combined with negative comparative statics reveal a somewhat different undertone. The counterproductive nature of the competing policies effectively nullifies any status quo argument for education or tax policy in the Atlantic Provinces, when compared to their brethren. The graduate retention rebate provides some solace to the narrative in helping to alleviate early tax burdens and equalize returns, but is difficult to claim effectiveness in assuaging any monetary windfall associated with migration. * Collins would like to acknowledge the support of the CRS-SSHRC institutional research grant at St. Francis Xavier University in helping to complete this research.

This paper presents the current state of development of a generation and performance evaluation tool to assist building practitioners in the early stages of deep renovation of buildings. This includes the tool workflow and its modules, such as the generative design method, the building performance evaluation mechanism, and the optimization procedure that improves the building geometry and construction system, and sizes the energy systems (HVAC and renewable energy production). The tool is currently able to use a wide variety of EnergyPlus objects, allowing for various template and detailed HVAC, DHW, and thermal and electrical energy production systems and components, as well as numerous internal gains types, construction elements and energy saving controls, to be accounted for and simulated in the generated buildings. Some applications examples are presented to demonstrate the tool capabilities. Lastly, some conclusions are made. Eugénio Rodrigues, Marco S. Fernandes, Adélio R. Gas...

We examine the (dis)incentive effects created by the respective tax systems to invest in human capital in Atlantic Canada and compare this to a select group of provinces from the rest of Canada. While findings show a steady decline in effective tax rates through the years, thereby creating an incentive effect to invest in post-secondary education, disproportionately higher rate gap differentials in the Atlantic Provinces, on average, combined with negative comparative statics reveal a somewhat different undertone. The counterproductive nature of the competing policies effectively nullifies any status quo argument for education or tax policy in the Atlantic Provinces, when compared to their brethren. The graduate retention rebate provides some solace to the narrative in helping to alleviate early tax burdens and equalize returns, but is difficult to claim effectiveness in assuaging any monetary windfall associated with migration. * Collins would like to acknowledge the support of the CRS-SSHRC institutional research grant at St. Francis Xavier University in helping to complete this research.

We examine the (dis)incentive effects created by the respective tax systems to invest in human capital in Atlantic Canada and compare this to a select group of provinces from the rest of Canada. While findings show a steady decline in effective tax rates through the years, thereby creating an incentive effect to invest in post-secondary education, disproportionately higher rate gap differentials in the Atlantic Provinces, on average, combined with negative comparative statics reveal a somewhat different undertone. The counterproductive nature of the competing policies effectively nullifies any status quo argument for education or tax policy in the Atlantic Provinces, when compared to their brethren. The graduate retention rebate provides some solace to the narrative in helping to alleviate early tax burdens and equalize returns, but is difficult to claim effectiveness in assuaging any monetary windfall associated with migration. * Collins would like to acknowledge the support of the CRS-SSHRC institutional research grant at St. Francis Xavier University in helping to complete this research.

Complex products and systems, like an aircraft, ship, or machinery plant, involve a large number of components which are arranged under spatial constraints/relationships in design space. Current practices approximate these relationships with simplified 'dimensional constraints' aiming at formulating the design problem as a system of (in)equalities to be solved automatically, e.g. by a geometric-constraint solver. This research proposes informationally-complete models for design-constraints based on an analysis of geometric and non-geometric properties of the related space volumes. Also, an Extended Product Model is proposed describing the system's structure and components as well as related procedures and constraints to be used as a system life-cycle model.

Complex mechanical arrangements involve a large number of constraints referring to either properties of individual components (of the arrangement) or relationships between components. Current practices approximate these constraints with simplified 'dimensional constraints' aiming at formulating a system of (in)equalities to be solved automatically by a 'geometric constraint solver'. This paper identifies limitations in this approach, leading to inaccurate descriptions of problems that disallow development of a collaborative engineering environment. Our work focuses on complex plants and their conformity with operational constraints for performing, e.g. maintenance, repair and emergency operations. Current Virtual Reality techniques cannot solve this problem as, at best, they only significantly enhance visual perception of 3D plant models. A detailed analysis of required 'free-spaces' is presented on the basis of industrial data. The concept of 'virtual solid' is proposed for modeling free-spaces and related geometric modelling techniques are derived. An 'extended product model' is presented, also accommodating nongeometric properties of free-spaces, and thus leading to informationally-complete descriptions of plant-layout problems. Finally, an implementation in the AutoCAD environment is presented accompanied by realistic examples.

Un diseño apropiado de las instalaciones de fabricación puede aumentar la eficiencia de las operaciones internas de una empresa, mediante la optimización de los costes de manipulación y flujo de materiales. En este trabajo se abordó la planificación de la distribución de las instalaciones (FLP, por sus siglas en inglés), modelada como un problema de asignación cuadrática (QAP, por sus siglas en inglés), aplicado a una empresa dedicada a la producción de licores. El problema se resolvió utilizando la Técnica de Asignación Relativa Computarizada de Instalaciones, que pertenece a los algoritmos heurísticos, con la cual se logró determinar la mejor asignación de las áreas para la planta, teniendo en cuenta las distancias recorridas y los costos de flujo de materiales. Posteriormente, se realizó una simulación para evaluar la nueva distribución ante las actividades diarias de la empresa, teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad de los tiempos de carga y descarga. Los resultados de la simulació...

We examine the (dis)incentive effects created by the respective tax systems to invest in human capital in Atlantic Canada and compare this to a select group of provinces from the rest of Canada. While findings show a steady decline in effective tax rates through the years, thereby creating an incentive effect to invest in post-secondary education, disproportionately higher rate gap differentials in the Atlantic Provinces, on average, combined with negative comparative statics reveal a somewhat different undertone. The counterproductive nature of the competing policies effectively nullifies any status quo argument for education or tax policy in the Atlantic Provinces, when compared to their brethren. The graduate retention rebate provides some solace to the narrative in helping to alleviate early tax burdens and equalize returns, but is difficult to claim effectiveness in assuaging any monetary windfall associated with migration. * Collins would like to acknowledge the support of the CRS-SSHRC institutional research grant at St. Francis Xavier University in helping to complete this research.

According to the Lean Philosophy it is important to see the waste of time not only during the manufacturing process but also during the designing cycle of a product. It is required more time for the transformation of information from the design phase to the manufacturing phase. It is advisable, that research is conducted toward waste reduction or elimination. The fundamental issues of this transformation will be supported by theoretical rules and principles. These rules and principles should have as a basic background the customer. The rules and the principles should characterize this transformation as a flexible activity that reduces and gradually eliminates the waste of time. In order to achieve this goal, beyond the theoretical base of these rules and principles, a platform should be created, which will accomplish this transformation.

For a rapid evaluation of absorbed doses by electron beams, we proposed a semiempirical depth–dose algorithm for multilayer absorbers up to 3 layers in 1981. Then, we improved and extended it to be applicable up to 5 layers in 1996. The present work is its extension to 6 layers and further improvement of accuracy. The name of the FORTRAN code of this algorithm is EDMULT 6.0, which has predicted the trends of the 6-layer depth–dose curves, generated by the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE, rather well, but deviations are not small in some layers.

Distance Education (EAD) is a dynamic teaching and learning process, formed by an interface that involves information and communication technologies and that in the area of health represents a new perspective and a trend. Whereas during g hospitalization the child is subjected to procedures that cause pain, physical and psychological suffering, in addition to the consequent suffering of the illness itself, which increases the anxiety and fear present in this context. A resource other than the use of pain control drugs that has been gaining space in the literature is Virtual Reality (VR), a method that allows the distraction of your real senses. Therefore, this project proposes to manufacture recreational material in VR, for training health professionals in the management of pain in this public. Objective: The general objective was to create an application in virtual reality as a tool for the realistic training of health professionals about pain management in children with cancer. Methodology: training on 3d modeling in Autodesk 3DS MAX 2017® software and on creating games on Unreal Engine 4.15®; development of 3d models; creation of the game script with theoretical foundation; game development. Result: A game in VR that provides the insertion of the EAD student to experience and training during contact with the hospitalization of the pediatric cancer patient. Conclusion: the creation of VR media and the possibility of making them accessible for use in distance education in health areas can significantly contribute to the learning and experience of professionals in the context of hospitalizations of children undergoing cancer treatment, in addition to boosting the popularization of the use of such technology.

A evolução das tecnologias emergentes está transformando significativamente a indústria do design de interiores, com a Realidade Virtual (RV) emergindo como uma ferramenta revolucionária do século 21. Este artigo explora a interseção entre a RV e o design de interiores, destacando os benefícios e desafios que essa tecnologia traz para profissionais e consumidores. Além disso, discute-se o impacto da RV na criação de ambientes virtuais personalizados e a sua influência na maneira como concebemos, planejamos e experimentamos espaços interiores. Com base na análise, conclui-se que a RV tem o potencial de redefinir o design de interiores e moldar o futuro da indústria.

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o uso de inteligência artificial (IA) na revisão de código com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade e a eficiência dessa atividade. Para isso, desenvolveu-se um plugin para o IntelliJ IDEA utilizando o ChatGPT como base para a revisão automatizada de código. A ferramenta realiza análise de trechos de código para identificar problemas de sintaxe e semântica, sugerindo possíveis soluções. Como resultado, demonstra-se os detalhes arquiteturais, o modo de configuração e cenários de uso da ferramenta na detecção de erros de lógica e problemas de sintaxe. Conclui-se que a utilização de tecnologias de IA pode ser uma maneira eficiente de reduzir o tempo e o esforço necessários para realizar a revisão de código, contribuindo para melhoria da qualidade do software.

I dedicate this report to The Almighty God, who has been my ultimate source of bliss, vigor, sapience, good health, and sustenance for visually perceiving me through and for the prosperous completion of my SIWES programme in one piece. Would additionally want to dedicate this report to my parents, Elder. and Mrs. Ayanwole Awotunde, my siblings (Boluwatife, and Favour), who played a vital role in my life. It is withal dedicated to Egbin Power Plc for all the care, attention and understanding throughout the duration of my industrial training in their reputable organization iv iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I hereby appreciate God Almighty for giving me the Grace, Opportunity, and Strength to complete my industrial training successfully. I acknowledge my parents; Elder. & Pastor Mrs. Ayanwole Awotunde, for being there for me all the time and for providing the necessary support, I appreciate it a lot and I love you. I acknowledge my wonderful siblings; Boluwatife, and Favour. I also thank the management and staff of egbin power plc most especially Miss

Revisão: Os Autores O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.

This paper presents the current state of development of a generation and performance evaluation tool to assist building practitioners in the early stages of deep renovation of buildings. This includes the tool workflow and its modules, such as the generative design method, the building performance evaluation mechanism, and the optimization procedure that improves the building geometry and construction system, and sizes the energy systems (HVAC and renewable energy production). The tool is currently able to use a wide variety of EnergyPlus objects, allowing for various template and detailed HVAC, DHW, and thermal and electrical energy production systems and components, as well as numerous internal gains types, construction elements and energy saving controls, to be accounted for and simulated in the generated buildings. Some applications examples are presented to demonstrate the tool capabilities. Lastly, some conclusions are made. Eugénio Rodrigues, Marco S. Fernandes, Adélio R. Gas...

The design of the installations of a company refers to the organization of its physical facilities in order to promote the efficient use of resources applied to production. Thus it is achieved to minimize costs, optimize production quality and worker safety. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution facilities of a service company for the purpose of proposing an improvement regarding the best use of resources. These improvements are related to the minimization of distance, kicks and cross traffic. It was also considered the presence of the customer in the process and its effect on the importance of proximity between departments. The SPL model (Systematic Layout Planning) involves a comprehensive survey of the various products, processes and resources and the model was adapted to a service company applies. As a result a new distribution was raised. The Promodel® software was used to simulate the processes in the current distribution and the proposal. The parameters result...

El diseno de las instalaciones de una empresa se refiere a la organizacion de las instalaciones fisicas de la compania con el fin de promover el uso eficiente de los recursos aplicados a la produccion. De esta forma se logra minimizar costos, optimizar la calidad de la produccion y la seguridad de los trabajadores. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de analizar la distribucion de las instalaciones de una empresa de servicios a efectos de proponer una mejora relacionada con el mejor uso de los recursos. Dichas mejoras estan relacionadas con la minimizacion de la distancia recorrida, los retrocesos y el trafico cruzado. Tambien se considero la presencia del cliente en el proceso y su efecto en la importancia de la cercania entre los departamentos. Se aplico el modelo PSL (Planificacion Sistematica de Layout), que implica un relevamiento exhaustivo de los distintos productos, procesos y de los recursos utilizados y se adapto dicho modelo para aplicarlo a una empresa de servicios. ...

Manufacturing facilities are systems that require adequate designing, maintenance and reservations for improvement in the future. Layouts need to be effectively designed to reduce operating to the minimum. Computer simulation is a process of investigating and analyzing the behavior of production processes for effective decision-making using computers to generate solutions that will positively impact short, and long-term planning of the Plants and save costs of real-life implementation. This study investigated a 500Kg capacity shea nut processing plant using FlexSim©. The findings from the initial model were not effective and experienced bottlenecks in workstations (Roaster and Milling) sections, poor cycle and lead times coupled with manual labor, Plant efficiency was 35.7%. However, the Improvement Layout Model was able to address these bottlenecks, the results showed the Plant efficiency increased to 83.3%, shorter lead and cycle times, improved machine utilization, and throughput capacity of the Plant. The results were an indication of conformance to the layout design developed to aid in enhancing the traditional shea nut processing that is largely dominated by traditional processing practices.

La distribucion en planta se refiere a la organizacion fisica de los factores y elementos que participan en el proceso productivo de la empresa y a la determinacion de espacios y ubicacion de sus distintas secciones. En este caso se pretende1 determinar la distribucion mas adecuada para el area de almacenamiento en un centro de distribucion, teniendo en cuenta las caracteristicas especiales de los productos que alli se almacenan. Se implementaron la metodologia SLP y la heuristica de CORELAP para definir la configuracion mas adecuada de esta seccion de acuerdo con las condiciones establecidas en la normatividad.

Salinity gradient energy (SGE) capture by reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging technology to advance the phaseout of conventional water-intensive energy sources in desalination industry. This paper assesses SGE recovery potential of an up-scaled RED system in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants. Using a detailed RED system's model (i) we conducted a parametric evaluation of feed's concentration, feed's flow rate, and temperature to identify the optimal working conditions of an industrial-scale RED unit; (ii) we estimated SGE recovery of a RED plant in SWRO plants distributed worldwide, adopting a single-stage arrangement of the RED units; (iii) finally, to enhance energy yield, we examined different RED plant's layouts in a specific SWRO plant. The results underline the merits of this modelling tool to assist SGE-RED implementation in the utmost scenarios. Regarding RED plant's layout, findings reveal that the series-parallel arrangement of the RED units improves the power output and energy yield of the system but requires more RED units. Hence, a systematic evaluation through optimization of the hybrid process's configuration both at plant's scale and at RED unit's scale is needed to properly determine RED's SGE recovery potential from waste streams in SWRO plants.

Un diseño apropiado de las instalaciones de fabricación puede aumentar la eficiencia de las operaciones internas de una empresa, mediante la optimización de los costes de manipulación y flujo de materiales. En este trabajo se abordó la planificación de la distribución de las instalaciones (FLP, por sus siglas en inglés), modelada como un problema de asignación cuadrática (QAP, por sus siglas en inglés), aplicado a una empresa dedicada a la producción de licores. El problema se resolvió utilizando la Técnica de Asignación Relativa Computarizada de Instalaciones, que pertenece a los algoritmos heurísticos, con la cual se logró determinar la mejor asignación de las áreas para la planta, teniendo en cuenta las distancias recorridas y los costos de flujo de materiales. Posteriormente, se realizó una simulación para evaluar la nueva distribución ante las actividades diarias de la empresa, teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad de los tiempos de carga y descarga. Los resultados de la simulación sugieren que, si se aplica la nueva distribución, los costes y los tiempos del flujo de materiales se reducirían en un 13,22 % y un 4,28 %, respectivamente. Palabras clave: distribución en planta; problema de asignación cuadrática; proceso productivo; simulación; investigación de operaciones; optimización.

Manufacturing facilities are systems that require adequate designing, maintenance and reservations for improvement in the future. Layouts need to be effectively designed to reduce operating to the minimum. Computer simulation is a process of investigating and analyzing the behavior of production processes for effective decision-making using computers to generate solutions that will positively impact short, and long-term planning of the Plants and save costs of real-life implementation. This study investigated a 500Kg capacity shea nut processing plant using FlexSim©. The findings from the initial model were not effective and experienced bottlenecks in workstations (Roaster and Milling) sections, poor cycle and lead times coupled with manual labor, Plant efficiency was 35.7%. However, the Improvement Layout Model was able to address these bottlenecks, the results showed the Plant efficiency increased to 83.3%, shorter lead and cycle times, improved machine utilization, and throughput capacity of the Plant. The results were an indication of conformance to the layout design developed to aid in enhancing the traditional shea nut processing that is largely dominated by traditional processing practices.

A contribuição da ergonomia aos projetos de engenharia é normalmente apresentada em manuais e normas técnicas cuja utilização é pouco efetiva. A integração da análise da atividade em projetos de engenharia procura ultrapassar as limitações das especificações ergonômicas, possibilitando o retorno de experiência das situações existentes ao projeto de novas situações, sem reduzir a complexidade da realidade de trabalho. Essa passagem é um problema ainda não resolvido, sobretudo, no contexto atual de subcontratação das etapas iniciais dos projetos de grande porte. Neste artigo, a partir da análise de situações de trabalho em plataformas offshore, esta passagem é formalizada por meio do conceito de configurações de uso: esquemas de utilização que preservam relações essenciais das situações reais, formuladas num nível mais elevado de abstração do que as especificações ergonômicas usuais e capazes de orientar a atividade dos projetistas e ergonomistas desde os estudos de base. Essas config...

One of the most difficult problems that face researchers experimenting with complex systems in real world applications is the Facility Layout Design Problem. It relies with the design and location of production lines, machinery and equipment, inventory storage and shipping facilities. In this work it is intended to address this problem through the use of Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) technology. The use of Genetic Algorithms (GA) as optimisation technique in CLP environment is also an issue addressed. The approach aims the implementation of genetic algorithm operators following the CLP paradigm.

As estrategias utilizadas para desenvolvimento de instalacoes industriais consideram os fluxos de producao para que as instalacoes possam estar posicionadas de modo a viabilizar um fluxo adequado. Desta forma, a definicao do mix de produtos a ser considerado para desenvolvimento do projeto geralmente e uma das primeiras etapas dos metodos de projeto para concepcao de instalacoes. Estes modelos de referencia de projeto prescrevem o uso da Classificacao ABC para analise dos produtos. Porem, o uso desta ferramenta de forma classica pode resultar em desvios, onde familias de produtos podem ser nao priorizadas, devido diferencas de patamares de vendas por pertencerem a diferentes segmentos de venda. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo e apresentar uma proposta de Classificacao ABC Composta utilizada para analise do mix de produtos de uma empresa fabricante de ventiladores, no contexto projeto de uma nova unidade fabril. Os resultados mostram a importância da compreensao e da prioriza...

Facility layout has considerable effects on the operational productivity and efficiency of a facility because of its direct effect on material handling costs. The objective of this study is to propose new weighted association rule-based data mining approaches for facility layout problem. Classic association rule-based approaches assume that each item has the same level of significance. On the other hand, in weighted association rule-based approaches, each item is assigned a weight according to its significance with respect to some user defined criteria. In this study, different weighted association rule-based data mining approaches, namely MINWAL(O), MINWAL(W), WARM and BWARM, are applied to facility layout problem. To confirm the viability of the proposed approaches, two case studies are presented. The approaches are compared in terms of general performance criteria for the facility layout problems using simulation. This is the first study that applies weighted association rule-based data mining approaches to facility layout problem. To address the needs in practice, ''demand'', ''part handling factor'' and ''efficiency of material handling equipment'' are used as the weighting criteria. Then, this study differs from the previous works in that it considers the three key location factors together.

Resumo. O projeto aqui apresentado e discutido consistiu na modelagem tridimensional realística da estrutura óssea de um crânio infantil e respectivos tecidos moles da região do nervo alveolar inferior, fazendo parte do projeto maior intitulado "SIMULATION LAB-Simulador de Anestesia Infiltrativa: Bloqueio do Nervo Alveolar Inferior", que implementa um ambiente de aprendizagem virtual 3D, com aplicação de Realidade Aumentada, destinado ao ensino na graduação em Odontologia.

In order to support the conceptual design, the architect used throughout the years, mockups-scaled physical models-or perspective drawings that intended to predict architectural ambience before its effective construction. This paper studies the real time interactive visualization, focused on one of most important aspects inside building space: the natural light. Although the majority of physically-based algorithms currently existing was designed for the synthesis of static images which may not take into account how to rebuild the scene-in real time-when the user is doing experiments to change certain properties of design.

Safety and performance are important factors in the design and operation of chemical plants. This paper describes the formulation of a mixed integer nonlinear programming model for the optimization of plant layout with safety considerations. The model considers a quantitative risk analysis to take safety into account, and a bowtie analysis is used to identify possible catastrophic outcomes. These effects are quantified through consequence analyses and probit models. The model allows the location of facilities at any available point, an advantage over grid-based models. Two case studies are solved to show the applicability of the proposed approach.

This chapter surveys the area of markerless 3D tracking, specifically online and monocular, targeting Augmented Reality. Mathematical tools that are recurring in the development of markerless 3D tracking methods are presented. A taxonomy of markerless Augmented Reality techniques is described, explaining their main concepts. Outstanding techniques are detailed, with focus on model based methods, addressing operation, pros and cons. The model based markerless tracking categories are also evaluated taking into account different metrics, such as performance, processing load, accuracy and robustness.

Resumo. O projeto aqui apresentado e discutido consistiu na modelagem tridimensional realística da estrutura óssea de um crânio infantil e respectivos tecidos moles da região do nervo alveolar inferior, fazendo parte do projeto maior intitulado "SIMULATION LAB-Simulador de Anestesia Infiltrativa: Bloqueio do Nervo Alveolar Inferior", que implementa um ambiente de aprendizagem virtual 3D, com aplicação de Realidade Aumentada, destinado ao ensino na graduação em Odontologia.

El diseno de las instalaciones de una empresa se refiere a la organizacion de las instalaciones fisicas de la compania con el fin de promover el uso eficiente de los recursos aplicados a la produccion. De esta forma se logra minimizar costos, optimizar la calidad de la produccion y la seguridad de los trabajadores. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de analizar la distribucion de las instalaciones de una empresa de servicios a efectos de proponer una mejora relacionada con el mejor uso de los recursos. Dichas mejoras estan relacionadas con la minimizacion de la distancia recorrida, los retrocesos y el trafico cruzado. Tambien se considero la presencia del cliente en el proceso y su efecto en la importancia de la cercania entre los departamentos. Se aplico el modelo PSL (Planificacion Sistematica de Layout), que implica un relevamiento exhaustivo de los distintos productos, procesos y de los recursos utilizados y se adapto dicho modelo para aplicarlo a una empresa de servicios. ...

The design of the installations of a company refers to the organization of its physical facilities in order to promote the efficient use of resources applied to production. Thus it is achieved to minimize costs, optimize production quality and worker safety. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution facilities of a service company for the purpose of proposing an improvement regarding the best use of resources. These improvements are related to the minimization of distance, kicks and cross traffic. It was also considered the presence of the customer in the process and its effect on the importance of proximity between departments. The SPL model (Systematic Layout Planning) involves a comprehensive survey of the various products, processes and resources and the model was adapted to a service company applies. As a result a new distribution was raised. The Promodel® software was used to simulate the processes in the current distribution and the proposal. The parameters result...

—This paper describes an experience of collaborative project development using Second Life (SL) as the interaction media. SL is a virtual environment in which people can interact with each other through avatars [1]. The group task involved the elaboration, planning and production of 1-minute movies. The task was conducted within a graduate course during two months. Participants were graduate students without previous experience in Second Life and in cinema techniques. Analysis based on the 3C collaboration model [2][7] permitted a better understanding of advantages, limitations and challenges for collaborative work in 3D environments. Our observations included group meetings for definition and elaboration of the screenplay; creation and characterization of the characters; setting and description of the scenes; filming, editing; sound recording and documentation. Keywords-component: CSCW, 3D virtual environment, Second Life, collaborative work, films Resumo—Esse artigo descreve a exp...

This short paper describes the design and development of a virtual stand used by the UnC-Universidade do Contestado, during the EXPOCENTRO fair, which takes place every year at the city of Curitibanos, SC, Brazil. In order to achieve the desired results, software tools like SolidWorks, Maya and the UDK engine were used. The virtual stand includes the animation of a robotic manipulator. Interactive scenarios have also been developed.