Physical and Public Health Education

Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan strategis pemerintah yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi siswa secara merata, khususnya bagi anak-anak dari keluarga kurang mampu. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh implementasi program MBG terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai referensi ilmiah terkait pengaruh gizi terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa program MBG secara signifikan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kehadiran, fokus belajar, semangat mengikuti pelajaran, dan interaksi sosial yang lebih baik di lingkungan sekolah. Namun demikian, implementasi program ini menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti distribusi yang tidak merata, keterbatasan anggaran, dan minimnya koordinasi lintas sektor. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengawasan, regulasi teknis, dan sinergi kebijakan yang kuat untuk menjamin keberlanjutan program.

Understanding human development is a journey through the intricate pathways of the mind and behaviour, shaped by both nature and nurture. This book delves into the captivating field of developmental psychology, exploring how individuals grow, learn, and change from conception, infancy through adulthood, old age and to death. Studying developmental psychology is essential for gaining a comprehensive understanding of human nature, influencing positive outcomes in education, mental health, policy-making, and everyday interactions. It bridges theory with practical applications, contributing to both individual well-being and societal advancement. In this book, we embark on activities of the lifespan, guided by the latest research and theories in developmental psychology. We examine the foundational principles of development, from early childhood processes to the complexities of social interactions and adulthood. Through the lens of developmental psychology, we uncover the factors that influence personality formation, emotional growth, and moral reasoning in humans. This book is designed for students, educators, and anyone curious about the fascinating process of human development both in the classroom, medical field and other related fields. It blends theoretical insights with practical applications, offering a comprehensive overview of key topics such as hereditary, attachment, language acquisition, physical development, cognitive development, psychosocial development, psychosexual development and identity formation. Each chapter invites readers to contemplate the significance of developmental milestones and the implications for individuals and society. As we go through this book, we encounter diverse perspectives and empirical findings that challenge our understanding of what it means to grow, mature and get old. Whether you are embarking on a scholarly pursuit or simply seeking to grasp the essence of human development, this book serves as a guide through the intricate tapestry of psychological growth.

Balance impairment is important to consider after stroke. The firm surface is been routinely used for balance training, but there is inadequate information about the effects of sand, balance pad and wobble board. So this study is mainly focusing on the balance training on SAND, BALANCE PAD and WOBBLE BOARD and to compare the effects of all three surface. Methodology: In the present experimental study, total of 75 patients with 25 patients randomly allocated in each of three groups (sand, balance pad, wobble board) and given a set of six balance exercises along with routine physiotherapy protocol for 6 days a week for 6 weeks. Pre and post intervention assessment was carried out using BBS, TUG and FRT. Results: All the three surfaces are effective for balance training. But sand proved to be significantly better than remaining two with descriptive statistics using ANOVA and post HOC tests. Conclusion: All three surfaces are effective for balance training in ambulant stroke patients, M...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of incidence of Ebola on meat consumption patterns among rural dwellers of Tonkolili District. Data was collected from 1,600 respondents through well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. This was randomly administered to selected respondents. Simple descriptive statistics involving mean, mode, percentages and Chi square was used and results presented in tables and charts. Result of the analysis showed that meat was not consumed on daily basis (0%) but was minimally consumed on weekly (1%) and monthly (4%) basis by respondents in Tonkolili District during the Ebola saga. It was found out that there was preference for beef (33.44%), mutton (3.75%), chicken (25.25%), pork, (2.5%), goat meat (10.81), bush meat (21.69%), and duck (2.56%), respectively. Factors such as disposable income, household size, and restriction of movement, ban on hunting, psychology and religion were vital in determining the consumption patterns of meat. A negative perception was seen for the consumption of pork, showing less preference for pork as opposed to beef and bush meat. Furthermore, majority of the respondents with 7-9(27%) and above 9 dependants (30%) were low income earners who earned meagre salaries above Le200000 and Le400000 respectively. Thus during the Ebola crisis, respondents had little access to meat protein which probably could have a negative effect on their immunity against the Ebola virus and other related pathogens

Objectives: To find the effect of fine motor skill training on decoding skills in school going children between the ages of 4 to 9 years and to compare its effect between both the genders. Study design: An Experimental study on 30school going children between the ages of 5-9 years, was conducted in Pune,India.The Abecedarian Reading Assessment for decoding skills. The children underwent fine motor skill training for a period of 2 weeks, three times per week for 45 minutes, which included, weight bearing exercises, Theraputty exercises, Theraband exercises, activities using different texturesand ADL activities. Paired T test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 30 children with a mean age of 7 years were included. Paired T test showed statistically significant improvement in post training decoding skills (t=16.9, p=<0.0001) in male children (28.55; 39.55)of age 6 years (23.60;34.80). Conclusion: Fine motor skill training was found to be effective in improving dec...

The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a popular statistical tool for modeling a wide range of time series data. In this paper, we have used a feature based bottom up approach with HMMs that is characterized by its learning capability and timescale invariability. To apply HMM to our aim, one set of time-sequential image is transformed into an image feature vector sequence, and the sequence is converted into a symbol sequence by vector quantization. In learning human action categories, the parameters of the HMMs, one per category were optimized so as to best describe the training sequences from the category. To recognize an observed sequence, the HMMs best match sequence is chosen. The reorganization rate can be improved by increasing the number of people used to generate the training data.

The main objective of the phenomenological study was to find out the experiences, coping mechanisms and insights of teachers who were assigned in the area with unstable situation in the province of Agusan del Sur and Compostela Valley for the year 2015. In-depth-interview and focus group discussion were used in gathering the responses of 14 participants and key informants. The teachers expressed that they experienced disruption of classes, direct traumatic encounters, psychological distress, learner's vulnerability to the situation, development of character, opportunities for support and assistance and grievance. Coping mechanisms include education and training for disaster preparation, vigilance, collaboration and support mechanism, grace under pressure and belief in divine intervention. Finally, the teachers shared also some notable insights like impact to the learner's situation and the vital role of the teachers.

Dance Aerobics is said to have an effect on the psychological, behavioural and emotional responses. The literature shows high level of perceived stress among students. Hence, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Dance Aerobics on Stress in Physiotherapy students by using PSS score. The objectives of this study are to assess the Perceived Stress in physiotherapy students with assessment of PSS and to evaluate the effect of Dance Aerobics on perceived stress. One Hundred and Twenty Two voluntarily participating physiotherapy students were assessed and PSS score was taken. Experimental study design carried out on 46 students who were meeting the inclusion criteria. Outcome measure was Perceived Stress Scale. Perceived Stress Scale Score pre mean for screened participants was 25 (±4.07), post mean 17.65 (±4.85) and p<0.001. Thus, this study concludes that there is significant reduction in Perceived Stress by Dance Aerobics Intervention on stress among physiotherapy students.

The main objective of the phenomenological study was to find out the experiences, coping mechanisms and insights of teachers who were assigned in the area with unstable situation in the province of Agusan del Sur and Compostela Valley for the year 2015. In-depth-interview and focus group discussion were used in gathering the responses of 14 participants and key informants. The teachers expressed that they experienced disruption of classes, direct traumatic encounters, psychological distress, learner's vulnerability to the situation, development of character, opportunities for support and assistance and grievance. Coping mechanisms include education and training for disaster preparation, vigilance, collaboration and support mechanism, grace under pressure and belief in divine intervention. Finally, the teachers shared also some notable insights like impact to the learner's situation and the vital role of the teachers.

The pandemic of obesity in adolescent population has brought along with it adverse implications not just for physical aspects of the health but also the psychological well-being of the affected subjects. Since psychological well-being in adolescence would have far reaching repercussions not only in adolescent subjects presently but also in their future life, hence this research studies the comparison between the Emotional health in normal and overweight/obese adolescents subjects through the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. Analysis of data from 205 study subjects recruited as per inclusion criteria, found statistically significant reduction in self-esteem in Overweight & Obese Adolescents as compared to normals (p<0.05). However no statistically significant difference between the mean depression scores in normal versus Overweight/Obese Groups was found in the study.

Background: Schoolchildren and adolescents physical activity motive is strategic in ecological and allinclusive conceptual comfort, bodily comfort, communal comfort and sentimental comfort, in so doing upholding the simplicity of the day-today deeds of learners empty of unnecessary lethargy. This survey target to catch a well-adjusted and well-investigated aim of pupil's motives of physical activity: a public health education survey in Sierra Leone, on the integrity of upholding a hale and hearty atmosphere in building a strong and vibrant children, youngsters, and grownups. Methods: Motives for Physical Activity Questionnaire Revised (MPAQ-R) was the established investigation device. The variables were investigated using IBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean crosssectional average of 12.0±3.0, a 100% reply rate and N = 204 sample participants, stretching from 10-18 years, using a simple random sample. (SRS) choice. Results: In relations to outcomes, the benefits of engaging in physical activity as motive for pupils physical activity by sex stood out high for very true for males (n=419) and females (n=383) with a mean and standard deviation for males (1.02±0.187) and females (1.04±0.266)). In addition, by level (JSS1, JSS2 & JSS3), shows high for very true JSS1 (n=323), JSS2 (n=279) and JSS3 (n=200) at significant value of 0.358. Conclusion and Endorsement: In deduction, the benefits derived from engaging in physical activity is a fundamental motive for children and adolescents involvement in physical activity amid added issues in relations to sex, and academic level, hence supporting both internal and external enthusiasm of children and adolescents motives of physical activity. In endorsement, that children and adolescents physical activity motives be more geared towards their voluntary involvement into physical activity due to the benefits they derive from it rather than their involuntary involvement into physical activity due to the influence of others ranging from sex (males and females) and academic levels (JSS1,2&3) respectively.

Background: Physical fitness could be referred to as a well-structured, organized, planned and technically executed physical activity and exercise programmes with bearing to circuit training, which could require use of maximum volume of oxygen (VO2 max.) for all categories within body mass index (BMI), intake and expenditure of kilocalories by musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems for fitness, wellness, healthy lifestyle, reduction in cardiovascular related sicknesses, mortality and morbidity, whiles physical activity under motor fitness skill could be referred to as a public health factor that relates to human movement patterns of musculoskeletal systems that could require intake and expenditure of kilocalories from macro-and-micro nutrients for improved healthy lifestyle and decrease in cardiovascular related sicknesses, morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at scoring measured and evaluated factors under physical activity and motor fitness skill level of children and ado...

Computer• exham•tion due to long computer usage is a complex criter•ion which is not only concems plzy..•io/ogical and psychological fatigue but tile dominant relationship with the decline in physical performance, the .feelillg of fa.tigue, decreased motivation and decreased work productivity. This research was aim to developed an inter1•ention model for• decreasing occupational fatigue for computer user employees of the central administration bureau of Unimed. Tt was conducted by Quasi Expel&#39;iment with design tif TwtJGroup DesignPt•etest-Posttest With Control Group sample wet•e 67 peoples. In tl!is design tl1ere were two groups determined consisting of 34 people as the fl•eatment group and 33 peoples as a control group. Data analysis was performed to see before and after intervention and its effect tm age, sex and years of service. The data were pr-ocessed by t-test analysis and f-test. The result of this research showed that there was influence intervention of EMRC toward decr...

The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a popular statistical tool for modeling a wide range of time series data. In this paper, we have used a feature based bottom up approach with HMMs that is characterized by its learning capability and time-scale invariability. To apply HMM to our aim, one set of time-sequential image is transformed into an image feature vector sequence, and the sequence is converted into a symbol sequence by vector quantization. In learning human action categories, the parameters of the HMMs, one per category were optimized so as to best describe the training sequences from the category. To recognize an observed sequence, the HMMs best match sequence is chosen. The reorganization rate can be improved by increasing the number of people used to generate the training data.

This is a cross-sectional study conducted among medical undergraduate students with the aim to assess resilience against stress in each year of education. Self-efficacy in terms of college education and social functioning has also been assessed and its relationship with perceived stress examined. Results indicated that resilience varies directly with stress up to a limit beyond which it becomes almost constant. College going self efficacy is weakly related to both stress and resilience while social self efficacy contributed to both stress and resilience in both male and female students.

A one group pre-test post-test pre experimental approach was adopted to evaluate the ‘‘A study to determine the effectiveness of basic life support training on life saving skills among college students” in selected colleges at Jaipur for degree students. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most evolving areas of saving actions that improve the survival rates following cardiac arrest and educating to college students can play a dynamic role in case of emergency situations in the society. The study was therefore undertaken to find out the knowledge and skills of undergraduate college students after training on BLS. AIM of the study: To improve knowledge & skills among college students about basic life support and to improve the survival rates following cardiac arrest. Objectives of the Study: 1. To observe the pre & post training Intervention skills on basic life support for life saving among college students. 2. To determine the association between knowledge & skills wi...

This study focused on determining the perception toward folk dancing of college students in the University of Eastern Philippines. Specifically, it sought to find out the profile of the students-respondents in terms of their age, sex, college, place of birth and religion. It also looked into the attitudes of the respondents towards folk dancing; evaluate the extent of competencies learned from folk dancing as perceived by the students; identify the most effective teaching techniques applied in folk dancing as perceived by the students; determine the factors affecting the student’s learning competencies; find out to what extent do the factors affect the learning competencies in terms of personal factors, instructional factors, participation in school organizations/extra and co-curricular activities and religions, and determine if there is a significant relationship of the profile and the perception of students towards folk dancing. Randomly selected as respondents were college studen...

Physical activities in relation to academic performances had not get much attention in Sudan. The aim was to conduct a quantitative correlational analysis of physical activity in relation to academic performance and to determine the relationship between body weight and academic performance as well as to identify if BMI would predict the academic performances among students at University of Bahri. Methodology Descriptive and analytical cross sectional design was used. The result showed that moderate physical activity were found among (38.7%). the GPA for the highest percentage was 2.40 – 3.49. BMI (18.50 – 24.99) were found among 69.3% with GPA around 2.40-3.49 (68.6%). There was no significant relation between the gender and GPA, p&gt; 0. 05. Likewise there was no significant difference between males and females in GPA, sig&gt; 0. 05. There was no significant relation between the BMI and GPA, p&gt; 0. 05. Nevertheless there was a significant difference in GPA between students with d...

Introduction: The study was conducted to explore and manage depression, stress and anxiety among college students by providing guided intervention of scientific spiritual method of AUM meditation. Plan of study: The plan of study included objective mapping of reduction in comprehensive anxiety and enhancement in mental health after intervention with scientific spiritual meditation for 30 days. The compatibility of the meditation for people of different religions, faiths, educational backgrounds, gender, caste, creeds and lifestyle was also mapped. Study population: The study population consisted of 134 college students of age group 1822 years, selected using probability random sampling technique, out of which 122 students participated in the stress management workshop. Methodology: The mapping of test parameters before intervention (test) and re-test after practicing meditation for 30 days were done through published standardized questionnaire. Result: The overall enhancement in men...

The study of biology has a vital role to play in the understanding of sexuality education in schools. Despite its importance in shaping the opinion of youths and adolescents, sexuality education has not received commensurate attention in our homes and schools. Thus, the study was aimed at identifying the perspectives of the adolescent students in the senior secondary schools about sexuality education and issues that affect their perspectives. It also sought to identify in the opinion of the adolescent senior secondary students, where it is best to have sexuality education. It was aimed at establishing the mean perception of secondary school biology students towards sexuality education and the influence of gender on their perception. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting the schools while purposive and proportional sampling were used in selecting a total number of 165 respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was administered on the respondents using their classroom tea...

The purpose of this study was to study Behavioural Regulation Motives of Pediatrics Physical Activity: A Non Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Strategy. Material and Method: Revised Behavioural Regulation and Motives for Physical Activity Questionnaire (R-BRMPAQ) was the accepted research instrument used in the study. The variables were measured and assessed using the SPSS version 23 package, with a cross sectional average mean of 15.0±3.0 and a one hundred percent answer rate with participants of two hundred and four (204), extending from 12-to-18 years using a random sample model of selection. Results: Majority of the children were more into physical activity due to extrinsic motivation with a sum of squires (SoS = 76.579 & 16.013) having a functional value of (F = 2.169 & 0.885), significant at (Sig. = 0.120 & 0.349) and intrinsic motivation with a sum of squires (SoS = 25.923) having a functional value of (F = 2.276), significant at (Sig. = 0.108). Also, majority of the children were more into physical activity due to appearance motive with a sum of squires (SoS = 31.941 & 15.373) having a functional value of (F = 10.081 & 21.862), significant at (Sig. = <0.001 & <0.001) and enjoyment motive with a sum of squires (SoS = 1.281) having a functional value of (F = 1.698), significant at (Sig. = 0.194). Conclusion: That behavioural regulation of pediatrics physical activity under survey is duly attracted to extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, when measured and assessed under school, sex and age. In addition, physical activity motives of pediatrics under survey are duly attracted to appearance and enjoyment motives. Hence, strongly recommended that, for sustainable pediatrics physical activity, behavioural regulation motives must be emphasized.

Background: Physical activity is that aspect of public health education with determinant factors (i.e. personal, social and environmental) that deals with human kineticsof the musculoskeletal systems,which requires both energy or calorieintake and expenditurefor improvedand sustainablephysiological and psychosocial fitness, wellness and healthy lifestyle. This study onlyaimed at scoring the measured and evaluatedfactors underphysical exercise self-efficacy (PESE) for college students’ level of motivation in physical activity. Methods: Physical Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale Questionnaire (PESESQ) was adopted as survey instrument. The variables were analyzed using IBM SPSSv.23 Statistics, with sampled participants ofN=500; mean and standard deviation (M±SD) age of 28.5±9.5 ranged from 19-38yearswith a response rate of 100%undergraduate students,selected usinga simple random sampling method. Results: A significant difference was recorded and displayed regarding all scored and tested var...

Background: Physical activity can be expressed as a public health factor or determinant (personal, social and environmental) that relates to human movementskillsof the musculoskeletal systemsthat requires the intake and expenditureof kilocalories for improvedwellness and healthy lifestyle, which prevents and minimizes cardiovascular related diseases, mortality and morbidity amongst college students. This study onlyaimed at scoring the measured and evaluatedfactors undermotivational level ofcollege students’ in physical activity: a concern for public health education. Methods: Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ), Motives for Physical Activity Questionnaire (MPAQ), Decisional Balance Scale Questionnaire (DBSQ) and Physical Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale Questionnaire (PESESQ) were adopted as survey instruments. The variables were analyzed using IBM SPSSv.23 Statistics, with sampled participants of (N=500); mean and standard deviation (M±SD) age of (28.5±9.5) with a r...

Background: Physical activity is a public health factor that relates to human movement patterns and structures of the musculoskeletal systems that requires the intake and expenditure of kilocalories for improved wellness and healthy lifestyle, which prevents cardiovascular related diseases, morbidity and mortality. Physical fitness is a well structured, organized and planned physical activity and education programme that involves circuit training, which requires the use of maximum volume of oxygen, the intake and expenditure of kilocalories by the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems for functional movement skills, fitness, health and wellness acquisition, which also helps prevent lifestyle related cardiovascular diseases, mortality and morbidity. This study only aimed at scoring the measured and evaluated factors under children and adolescents’ fitness skill level in physical activity: a motivational concern for public health education. Methods: American Association for Healt...

This study aims to know the effect of exercise and motivation method of sport toward the result on physical fitness. Motivation is divided into two parts, namely high and low. This study was conducted at SMP N 1 Sajoangin, wajo regency, south Sulawesi province, and academic year 2016/2017. Experiment method was by using factorial design 2x3. The sample consist of 96 students which divided into 6 groups, each group consist of 16 students. The data analysis technique is a two-way analysis of variance and continued by Tukey test at significance level α = 0.05. The result of this study showed that (1) there was differences between exercise method of Speed, Agility and Quickness (SAQ) and exercises method of plyometric toward the health condition. (2) There were differences between the effect of exercise method of Speed, Agility and Quickness (SAQ) and exercise method mix toward health condition, (3) there was a differences on the effect of exercises plyometric method and exercises mix m...

This study was carried out in order to analyze the effect of participation to nature sports on children. For this aim; the study is composed of 5 fathers and their 7 children who were involved in camping names &quot;father and children&quot; organized by a nature sports company. Fathers were given information and their consent was taken before activities. The age of fathers varies between 35 and 51 and the age of children varies between 8 and 12. Interview technique was used in the study, it is a qualitative data collection method and its basic method is verbal communication and dialogues were recorded. When the results obtained from study were evaluated, it is possible to say that participation into nature activities has positive contributions on both physical and psychosocial development of children.

Objective: To assess anaerobic power and balance among elite indian under-19 football players. Method:22 Elite Indian under-19 players Football players were tested for Anaerobic power and Balance on Monark Cycle Ergometry and Neurocom Balance Master respectively. Result:Anaerobic Peak Power (W) for professional Indian under-19 football players was 498.70, while the mean for the Anaerobic Capacity (W/Kg) was 7.75. On Balance assessment, players had maximum sway velocity on foam surface with eyes closed with a mean of 0.76 (deg/sec) followed by eyes open on a foam surface with a mean of 0.54 (deg/sec). Reaction Time of players was found to be affected most in the forward component with a mean of 0.98(deg/sec) followed by Right direction and Left back direction component with mean of 0.69 and 0.67 respectively. The players showed lack of directional control maximum in the Right component with a mean of 87.25 (deg/sec) followed by Forward and Left components with mean of 86.89 and 81.10...

There are several studies carried out regarding the students` perception of physiotherapy as study, career choice, etc, in different developed countries. In Albania, yet, it is not made a study about it and what the students want to do after finishing the bachelor. So, we considered it necessary to discover what they think about the completed university course and their future. Our study aims to know the perceptions of physiotherapy students about their studies and what they want to do after finishing the bachelor. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to the third year, graduating, students of Physiotherapy at the University Luigj Gurakuqi in Shkodra, in their last lesson of Occupational Medicine. This study examines students&#39; beliefs, attitudes and opinions, as well as what they expect from their profession as a physiotherapist. The questionnaire consists of three parts. The first part, general, of demographic data is made of 5 questions; the research part is made of two ...

Some adults exhibit different degrees of emotional disturbance which negatively affects their relationship with spouse, children, colleagues and other members of their social circle. Disturbingly, such attitudes would have been identified and ignored by their teachers at primary school level when it could have been much easier to manage than in adulthood.

It is worth noting that the subjects‟ students choose to study in the Senior High Schools‟ impact on their educational and career options in the future. However, single sex schools are seen as offering sex biased Visual Arts elective subjects whiles the choice of electives for mixed schools are normally male driven in Ghanaian Senior High Schools. Female students who are not fortunate to find themselves in schools which offer more „male friendly‟ electives are seriously disadvantaged at the tertiary level. To unearth the reasons why the gender disparity among elective Visual Arts subjects persist and to verify if the motivation has an effect on female student performance in the practical component of Visual Arts, a qualitative research that administered questionnaire and observation was undertaken to solicit data from 180 respondents in four selected Senior High Schools in Ashanti Region of Ghana. The findings revealed that the Visual Arts subjects, male students showed interests we...

Self-concealment has been observed as a major hindrance in seeking voluntary counselling and testing hence low uptake in counselling and testing. Investigation of self-concealment and Emotional Intelligence as determining factors in seeking HIV voluntary counselling and testing among undergraduate university students was undertaken with a sample size of 368 respondents. Emotional Intelligence Scale, Self-concealment scale and VCT seeking behaviour scale questionnaire was used. Regression analysis results revealed that self-concealment significantly determined individual’s level of seeking voluntary counselling and testing. However, ones level of Emotional Intelligence in seeking VCT clinics was found to be important.

Consistent calisthenics exercises are able to improve physical fitness. The excellent physical fitnessof Indonesianwere very low. There are several factors contributing the level of men physical fitness such as age, sex, heredity or genetics, food, cigarette addiction, exercises, physical activities and body fat. This researchis revealing the relation ofphysical activities, nutritional status, HDL and LDL cholesterol content with physical fitnessof women that regularly participating the aerobic calisthenics exercises. This researchperformed in Lubuk Pakamon January 2016. This researchis an observationof cross sectionaldesign on 54 womenbetween41 and 59 years of age. HDL and LDL cholesterol content were obtained in LubukPakam Public Hospital. The physical fitnesswere measured byfive minutes of HarvardStep Test. Data were studied by correlation test. The resultshows asignificant relationbetween physical activities andphysical fitness, that is, more physical activitieswill give fitter ...

It is worth noting that the subjects‟ students choose to study in the Senior High Schools‟ impact on their educational and career options in the future. However, single sex schools are seen as offering sex biased Visual Arts elective subjects whiles the choice of electives for mixed schools are normally male driven in Ghanaian Senior High Schools. Female students who are not fortunate to find themselves in schools which offer more „male friendly‟ electives are seriously disadvantaged at the tertiary level. To unearth the reasons why the gender disparity among elective Visual Arts subjects persist and to verify if the motivation has an effect on female student performance in the practical component of Visual Arts, a qualitative research that administered questionnaire and observation was undertaken to solicit data from 180 respondents in four selected Senior High Schools in Ashanti Region of Ghana. The findings revealed that the Visual Arts subjects, male students showed interests we...

Awareness in environmental ethics among students becomes a complex problem that is trying to be addressed through environmental education in schools. But it is considered difficult given many factors that affect, especially cultural factors. Parental, background, social life, and systems in developing countries such as Indonesia are still lack of concern for the environment. In fact there is occurred in group of fast learner students in middle school, their intelligence is above average, they also gain access to a lot of environmental knowledge, but none in implementation. To capture the phenomena, measured students environmental literacy levels by using the Environmental Literacy Instrument. The result, for all environmental literacy components, students were high in components of environmental knowledge and cognitive skills, but have not been satisfactory for the affective and responsible behavior components. Performed a correlation analysis between the components, demonstrate the...

Education is generally regarded as a key tool for development and an invaluable means of addressing structural inequality and disadvantage through provision of life skills that enable people to prosper later in life. The skills help them to maintain a healthy and productive existence, hence grow into resourceful and socially active adults who can make cultural and political contributions to their communities. The education of girls is paramount to the development of a nation since they are involved in all kinds of activities both at community and regional level. The learning environment in mixed day public secondary schools is usually hostile towards girls. They are sexually harassed, teased and ridiculed by boys and teachers, when one is too intelligent or not too intelligent. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of resources for on girls’ KCSE performance in mixed day secondary schools. The study was conducted using Ex post facto design. The target population c...

The purpose of this study is to analyze extreme sports perception of students currently studying at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. A total of 75 students took part in this study that was conducted in line with qualitative research method. As a result of 10 focus group interviews organized among groups of 7 participants, it was identified that the very first emotions felt upon hearing the statement &#39;extreme sports&#39; had been adrenalin, sensation, risk, action, fear, courage, speed, passion and extraordinariness. Extreme sports activities are naturally perceived as the kind of sport activities that involve an element of danger. In a number of extreme sports viz. skydiving, hang gliding and parachuting it was identified that primary motivational factors had been sensation and adventure seeking. The first choice of students who were extreme-activities enthusiasts was reported as paragliding ensued by rafting, mountain biking, skiing, kite surfing and climbing respectively. One of...

Increasing levels of overweight and obesity in the dynamic adolescent phase of life has brought along with it an eclectic array of health related issues. Flexibility of hamstrings & low back constitute one such important issues and is a vital component of health related Physical Fitness. Since flexibility in adolescence would have far reaching repercussions not only in adolescent subjects presently but also in their future life, hence this research studies the association between Body mass Index & Flexibility in adolescent subjects. Analysis of data from 300 study subjects recruited as per inclusion criteria, found weak association between BMI & Flexibility in adolescent subjects. However there seems an overall decline in the flexibility of the study subjects.

The pandemic of obesity in adolescent population has brought along with it adverse implications not just for physical aspects of the health but also the psychological well-being of the affected subjects. Since psychological well-being in adolescence would have far reaching repercussions not only in adolescent subjects presently but also in their future life, hence this research studies the comparison between the Emotional health in normal and overweight/obese adolescents subjects through the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. Analysis of data from 205 study subjects recruited as per inclusion criteria, found statistically significant reduction in self-esteem in Overweight & Obese Adolescents as compared to normals (p<0.05). However no statistically significant difference between the mean depression scores in normal versus Overweight/Obese Groups was found in the study.

The study of biology has a vital role to play in the understanding of sexuality education in schools. Despite its importance in shaping the opinion of youths and adolescents, sexuality education has not received commensurate attention in our homes and schools. Thus, the study was aimed at identifying the perspectives of the adolescent students in the senior secondary schools about sexuality education and issues that affect their perspectives. It also sought to identify in the opinion of the adolescent senior secondary students, where it is best to have sexuality education. It was aimed at establishing the mean perception of secondary school biology students towards sexuality education and the influence of gender on their perception. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting the schools while purposive and proportional sampling were used in selecting a total number of 165 respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was administered on the respondents using their classroom tea...

A cross sectional, descriptive comparative study was conducted in selected rural and urban secondary schools of Mangalore using stratified random sampling technique among 120 adolescents. The data were obtained using baseline characteristics performa and self reported scale regarding psychosocial problems with the reliability of r= 0.757. Data was analyzed using SPSS.16. The mean ±SD of psychosocial problem score of the adolescents of rural schools was 28.8±12.90and the mean ±SD of psychosocial problem score of the adolescents of urban schools was 23.22±8.39. Mean psychosocial problem score was comparatively higher in the adolescents of the rural schools than the urban schools (t118= 2.81, p&lt;0.05). Most of the both rural and urban adolescents had internalizing psychosocial problems (27.15%, 22.27%) including anxiety (31.74%, 24.93%), depression (20.14%, 17.57%) and intrapersonal distress (29.58%, 24.31%) whereas least percentage of both rural and urban adolescents had problem of ...

Consistent calisthenics exercises are able to improve physical fitness. The excellent physical fitnessof Indonesianwere very low. There are several factors contributing the level of men physical fitness such as age, sex, heredity or genetics, food, cigarette addiction, exercises, physical activities and body fat. This researchis revealing the relation ofphysical activities, nutritional status, HDL and LDL cholesterol content with physical fitnessof women that regularly participating the aerobic calisthenics exercises. This researchperformed in Lubuk Pakamon January 2016. This researchis an observationof cross sectionaldesign on 54 womenbetween41 and 59 years of age. HDL and LDL cholesterol content were obtained in LubukPakam Public Hospital. The physical fitnesswere measured byfive minutes of HarvardStep Test. Data were studied by correlation test. The resultshows asignificant relationbetween physical activities andphysical fitness, that is, more physical activitieswill give fitter ...

The study of biology has a vital role to play in the understanding of sexuality education in schools. Despite its importance in shaping the opinion of youths and adolescents, sexuality education has not received commensurate attention in our homes and schools. Thus, the study was aimed at identifying the perspectives of the adolescent students in the senior secondary schools about sexuality education and issues that affect their perspectives. It also sought to identify in the opinion of the adolescent senior secondary students, where it is best to have sexuality education. It was aimed at establishing the mean perception of secondary school biology students towards sexuality education and the influence of gender on their perception. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting the schools while purposive and proportional sampling were used in selecting a total number of 165 respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was administered on the respondents using their classroom tea...

The purpose of this study is to analyze extreme sports perception of students currently studying at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. A total of 75 students took part in this study that was conducted in line with qualitative research method. As a result of 10 focus group interviews organized among groups of 7 participants, it was identified that the very first emotions felt upon hearing the statement &#39;extreme sports&#39; had been adrenalin, sensation, risk, action, fear, courage, speed, passion and extraordinariness. Extreme sports activities are naturally perceived as the kind of sport activities that involve an element of danger. In a number of extreme sports viz. skydiving, hang gliding and parachuting it was identified that primary motivational factors had been sensation and adventure seeking. The first choice of students who were extreme-activities enthusiasts was reported as paragliding ensued by rafting, mountain biking, skiing, kite surfing and climbing respectively. One of...

This study focused on the relationship between government funding and the resource availability in the delivery of primary education in Uganda The focus was on one of the upcountry districts of Mubende in Uganda which is among the many with grappling challenges in making up first grades at the Primary Leaving Examination level. The specific objectives were; (1) to determine the relationship between government funding and the availability of teachers, teaching and learning; (2) to ascertain the relationship between government funding and pupil accessibility to UPE schools; and (3) to examine the relationship between government funding and the availability of physical facilities in UPE schools. The sample comprised 102 stakeholders from ten (10) UPE schools who were selected from the district using simple random sampling. Results reveal that despite the national will and subvention that government continues to provide to schools at this level, there are still significant challenges wi...

Keywords: Physical Activity,Surveillance, Epidemiology, Quotient,Health Education Background: Pediatrics physical activity is one of the essential elements in archiving sustainable healthiness of the cognitive quotient, psychomotor quotient, social quotient and affective quotient, thereby maintaining ease of daily activities of children without undue tiredness.This study aimed at scoring measured and evaluated physical activity motives of pediatrics: an epidemiological study in Sierra Leone, with a behavioural attitude in maintaining a healthy altitude in overcoming sedentary behaviours that have the magnitude to trigger non-communicable diseases (NCDs) amongst children, adolescents, youths, adults and the aged. Methods: Motives for Physical Activity Questionnaire Revised (MPAQ-R)was the adopted research instrument. The variables wereanalyzed usingIBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean and standard deviation ageof 13.0±3.0, response rate of100%and with sampled participantsof N=204, rangedfrom 10-18years,usingsimple random sampling (SRS) method of selection. Results: According to the results,the Appearance Motive for pediatric physical activity stood predominant with sum of squares (31.941) and F-value (F 5,198;0.05 = 10.081) by school.And also predominant with sum of squares (15.373) and F-value (F 1,202;0.05 = 21.862) by sex.Also, Enjoyment Motive stood predominant with sum of squares (1.281) and F-value (F 1,202;0.05 = 1.698) by age range for physical activity motives of pediatrics. Conclusion and Recommendation: Conclusively therefore, appearance, competence and enjoyment motives stood out predominant amongst other motives when surveillanced by schools, sex and age range, thereby supporting both intrinsic and extrinsic motives for physical activity motives of pediatrics. In recommendation, that physical activity for pediatrics be more successful with emphasis placed on allowing the children to freely choose their motives for engaging in physical activities. In addition, emphasize public health education in schools for children to understand about preventing cardiovascular related sicknesses under non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and maintaining functional movement balance (FMB) and quotient efficiency (QE).

Keywords: Physical Activity,Surveillance, Epidemiology, Functional Movement, Health Background: Functional Movement Screening (FMS)is an essential surveillance element during physical activityroutine especially amongst children and adolescents.In Sierra Leone, this movement gradually depreciate in late adolescents finishing high school education and preparing for university education, hence causing muscle inflexibility leading to arthritis. Arthritis is an epidemic disease, therefore the need for epidemiological surveillance screening of functional movement in children and adolescents physical activity.This study aimed at scoring measured and evaluatedepidemiologicalsurveillance screening offunctional movement in children and adolescents physical activity in Sierra Leone. Methods: Behavioural Regulations for Physical Activity and Functional Movement Screening Questionnaire (BRPA-FMSQ) was the adopted research instrument. The variables wereanalyzed usingIBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean and standard deviation ageof 14.0±4.0, response rate of96%and with sampled participantsof N=60, rangedfrom 10-18years,usingsimple random sampling (SRS) method of selection. Results: The researchers scaledthe results atP<0.05, with highest scores recorded as: Boys (32.76)scored highest for Physical Activity Intensity (PAI);Boys (32.45) scored highest for Physical Activity Level (PAL); Boys (35.15) scored highest for Deep Squat Screening (DSS)and Boys (32.59) scored highest for Physical Activity Intrinsic Motivation (PAIM). Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion, boys displayed greater proportion of intensive physical activity (IPA), physical activity sufficiency (PAS), week-round physical activity (WPA) and high functional movement of deep squat (FMDS) due to intrinsic motivation of physical activity routinely in terms of rating compared to girls.The researchers recommended that, attention now more than ever should focus on practicing behavioural change communication (BCC) in learning institutions, in the work place and at home regularly.

Keywords: Physical Activity,Surveillance, Epidemiology, Functional Movement, Health Background: Functional Movement Screening (FMS)is an essential surveillance element during physical activityroutine especially amongst children and adolescents.In Sierra Leone, this movement gradually depreciate in late adolescents finishing high school education and preparing for university education, hence causing muscle inflexibility leading to arthritis. Arthritis is an epidemic disease, therefore the need for epidemiological surveillance screening of functional movement in children and adolescents physical activity.This study aimed at scoring measured and evaluatedepidemiologicalsurveillance screening offunctional movement in children and adolescents physical activity in Sierra Leone. Methods: Behavioural Regulations for Physical Activity and Functional Movement Screening Questionnaire (BRPA-FMSQ) was the adopted research instrument. The variables wereanalyzed usingIBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean and standard deviation ageof 14.0±4.0, response rate of96%and with sampled participantsof N=60, rangedfrom 10-18years,usingsimple random sampling (SRS) method of selection. Results: The researchers scaledthe results atP<0.05, with highest scores recorded as: Boys (32.76)scored highest for Physical Activity Intensity (PAI);Boys (32.45) scored highest for Physical Activity Level (PAL); Boys (35.15) scored highest for Deep Squat Screening (DSS)and Boys (32.59) scored highest for Physical Activity Intrinsic Motivation (PAIM). Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion, boys displayed greater proportion of intensive physical activity (IPA), physical activity sufficiency (PAS), week-round physical activity (WPA) and high functional movement of deep squat (FMDS) due to intrinsic motivation of physical activity routinely in terms of rating compared to girls.The researchers recommended that, attention now more than ever should focus on practicing behavioural change communication (BCC) in learning institutions, in the work place and at home regularly.

Keywords: Physical Activity,Surveillance, Epidemiology, Functional Movement, Health Background: Functional Movement Screening (FMS)is an essential surveillance element during physical activityroutine especially amongst children and adolescents.In Sierra Leone, this movement gradually depreciate in late adolescents finishing high school education and preparing for university education, hence causing muscle inflexibility leading to arthritis. Arthritis is an epidemic disease, therefore the need for epidemiological surveillance screening of functional movement in children and adolescents physical activity.This study aimed at scoring measured and evaluatedepidemiologicalsurveillance screening offunctional movement in children and adolescents physical activity in Sierra Leone. Methods: Behavioural Regulations for Physical Activity and Functional Movement Screening Questionnaire (BRPA-FMSQ) was the adopted research instrument. The variables wereanalyzed usingIBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean and standard deviation ageof 14.0±4.0, response rate of96%and with sampled participantsof N=60, rangedfrom 10-18years,usingsimple random sampling (SRS) method of selection. Results: The researchers scaledthe results atP<0.05, with highest scores recorded as: Boys (32.76)scored highest for Physical Activity Intensity (PAI);Boys (32.45) scored highest for Physical Activity Level (PAL); Boys (35.15) scored highest for Deep Squat Screening (DSS)and Boys (32.59) scored highest for Physical Activity Intrinsic Motivation (PAIM). Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion, boys displayed greater proportion of intensive physical activity (IPA), physical activity sufficiency (PAS), week-round physical activity (WPA) and high functional movement of deep squat (FMDS) due to intrinsic motivation of physical activity routinely in terms of rating compared to girls.The researchers recommended that, attention now more than ever should focus on practicing behavioural change communication (BCC) in learning institutions, in the work place and at home regularly.

Physical Activity, Epidemiology, Functional Human Movement, Health, Wellness Background: Functional Human Movement Deficiency (FHMD)in Sierra Leone is more common amongst college students compared to school going pupils.Hence the need for physical activity epidemiology as a young and emergence scientific discipline geared towards the monitoring and evaluation of functional human movement deficiency (FHMD). This study aimed at scoring measured, and evaluatedepidemiologicalsurveillance of college students'physical activity motivationin Sierra Leone. Methods: Behavioural Regulation in ExerciseQuestionnaire (BREQ), Physical Activity Motives Questionnaire (PAMQ), Decisional Balance Questionnaire (DBQ) and Physical Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PESEQ) were the adopted research instruments. The variables wereanalyzed usingIBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean and standard deviation ageof 28.5±9.5, response rate of100%and with sampled participantsof N=500, rangedfrom 19-38years,usingsimple random sampling (SRS) method of selection. Results: The significant differences were tested atP<0.05, with highest scores recorded as follows:under behavioural regulation in exercise (BRE) by sex and marital, males (257.03) and singles (252.01) scored highest for External Regulation.Also, behavioural motivation in exercise (BME) by sex and marital, females (260.84) and couples (257.54) scored highest for Intrinsic Motivation. Conclusion and Recommendation: Thata significant recordbetweensexes (females and males)and maritals (single and married) was setin response to all the variables monitored and evaluated under intrinsic motivation for physical activity, with females and married couples scoring highest.Therefore, strongly agreed and recommended was about the relevance of autonomy physical activity (APA) over heteronomy physical activity (HPA) in the course of obtaining sustainable development in lifetime physical movement (LPM) of humans regarding healthy lifestyle.