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Particulate Matter – Soot

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Particulate matter (PM) refers to a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air. Soot, a specific type of particulate matter, consists of carbonaceous particles produced from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and other organic materials, contributing to air pollution and adverse health effects.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Particulate matter (PM) refers to a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air. Soot, a specific type of particulate matter, consists of carbonaceous particles produced from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and other organic materials, contributing to air pollution and adverse health effects.

Key research themes

1. How do the sources and differential toxicities of particulate matter (soot) influence health impacts and regulatory priorities?

This research area investigates the variability in toxicity and health effects linked to particulate matter based on their sources and chemical composition, aiming to prioritize emission control strategies effectively.

Key finding: This study quantified source-specific toxicity of PM2.5 from combustion (diesel, gasoline, biomass, coal) and non-combustion sources (road dust, secondary organic aerosols) by integrating multiple bioassays (oxidative... Read more
Key finding: This comprehensive synthesis linked size-dependent health effects of PM, emphasizing that finer particles (PM2.5 and ultrafine) penetrate deep into lungs causing significant cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. It... Read more
Key finding: Through SEM-EDS morphological and chemical analysis of solid particles emitted from diesel and petrol engines, this study found that despite differences in particle aggregate morphology and size, disambiguating urban... Read more
Key finding: Using sediment archives and geomagnetic proxies, this study reconstructed a 200-year urban PM pollution history showing a historical transition from coarse soot particles (linked to mid-20th century coal combustion) to finer... Read more

2. What are the indoor sources, characteristics, and mitigation strategies for particulate matter (soot) exposure in urban households?

Focused on indoor PM exposure, this theme addresses the identification of dominant indoor and outdoor PM sources, chemical and size characteristics of indoor soot, associated health risks, and effective reduction techniques for indoor air quality improvement.

Key finding: This comprehensive review highlights that indoor PM often exceeds outdoor levels due to indoor activities such as cooking, smoking, and combustion of solid fuels. Chemical composition includes metals, organic carbon, and... Read more
Key finding: Simultaneous measurement of PM2.5 and chemical constituents in kitchens versus outdoors revealed higher indoor organic carbon to elemental carbon ratios and indoor-to-outdoor ratios >1 for VOCs and certain plasticizers,... Read more
Key finding: Laboratory simulations under realistic conditions revealed that solid biomass fuels (charcoal, wood, dung, crop residues) emit PM2.5 concentrations far exceeding WHO guidelines. Emitted particles were mostly <300 nm, with... Read more
Key finding: Measured coarse and fine PM concentrations inside public transport vehicles (buses, trams, trolleybuses) were 2–19 times higher than outdoors, mainly from resuspended dust, vehicle exhaust, and rail wear. Air-conditioning and... Read more

3. How do physicochemical properties and mixing states of soot particles affect their atmospheric behavior and radiative impact?

This theme explores the morphology, chemical composition, and mixing states of soot particles including their interactions with organic aerosols, focusing on implications for soot aging, optical properties, and climate forcing estimations.

Key finding: Electron microscopy revealed soot particles exist in various mixing states with organic aerosols depending on the latter's viscosity; intermediate viscosity organics partially engulf soot, while highly viscous organics remain... Read more
Key finding: Using spatially resolved laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, this study identified the molecular distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constituting soot sampled from flames, providing direct... Read more
Key finding: UV-visible spectroscopy of soot from premixed methane and benzene flames showed that soot internal structure and electronic properties are more influenced by the fuel aromaticity than by flame temperature. The position of the... Read more

All papers in Particulate Matter – Soot

Considering the steady increase of air transport, the French Government decided to support research that aims to better understand condensation trails formation processes, their impact on climate, and to prevent them and manage their... more
This work assessed the effect of gathering particulate matter from the exhaust of an automotive diesel engine through: a vacuum pump using Teflon filters; a particle trap with stainless-steel wools; a thermophoretic probe with... more
A recently developed flamelet model for non-premixed combustion accounting for curvature effects is examined. The work focusses on the curvature-induced differential diffusion in flame-tangential direction that is not included in... more
La décomposition thermique du méthane est un moyen écologique de produire simultanément de l'hydrogène et du noir de carbone. Une étude paramétrique a été faite sur une modélisation à deux dimensions d'un réacteur de décomposition... more
Although the particulate matter (PM) emissions from biodiesel fuelled engines are acknowledged to be lower than those of fossil diesel, there is a concern on the impact of PM produced by biodiesel to human health. As the oxidative... more
In a time when low emission solutions and technologies are of utmost importance regarding the sustainability of the aviation sector, this publication introduces a reduced-order physics-based model for combustion chambers of aeroengines,... more
hocine mzad, mohamed el-guerri * ÉVoluTion de la comPoSiTion deS gaz BrulÉS lorS de la comBuSTion du KÉroSÈne c 10 h 22 Zmiana składu spalin w procesie SPalania nafTy c 10 h 22 r é s u m é la qualité de la combustion est particulièrement... more
The importance of air quality monitoring has been strongly demonstrated in numerous scientific studies. This study, carried out in an intense circular intersection, brings additional arguments that the monitoring of the fine particles... more
This paper focused on the conceptual design of a conventional gas turbine combustor via the multi-objective optimization approach. The suggested method integrated the design and estimation of the performance of the combustion chamber. The... more
Solar distillation, a promising technique for water purification and desalination, requires photothermal materials to efficiently convert solar energy into heat. In this study, a novel method is proposed wherein fresh carbonaceous (soot)... more
This poster presents spatially resolved temperature measurements in low-pressure sooting flames using diode laser two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF). Accurate temperature measurements are crucial in sooting flames due to the high... more
La decomposition thermique du methane est un moyen ecologique de produire simultanement de l’hydrogene et du noir de carbone. Une etude parametrique a ete faite sur une modelisation a deux dimensions d’un reacteur de decomposition... more
An efficient De-NOxing after-treatment technology could be technically solved by scaling up a hybrid NSR-SCR structured catalyst. A reproducible synthesis approach of NSR and SCR monolithic catalyst has been developed, able to eliminate... more
Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) are used to remove the solid particulate matter from the exhaust gas of the diesel engine. However, the exhaust of the engine produces a back pressure that reduces the efficiency of the engine and... more
Avant toute chose, nous remercions DIEU tout puissant qui nous a guidé tout au long de notre vie, qui nous a permis de nous instruire et d'arriver jusqu'ici dans nos études, qui nous a donné courage et patience. Nous souhaitons tout... more
Particulate matters (PMs) oxidation kinetics by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was successfully studied. The chemical content percentage of PM can be divided by oxidation temperature zoning in three main regions which are moisture,... more
CeO 2 (Ce) and CeO 2-NiO (CeNi) nanocatalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation from nitrate precursors using 25% ammonia solution (NH 4 OH) as the precipitating agent. The catalysts were calcined in air at 500 ºC and 800ºC for 4h to... more
The thermal treatments of austenitic stainless steels monoliths were studied in order to generate a highly homogeneous and rough oxide scale strongly attached to the base alloy, which will subsequently ensure the good adherence of the... more
Je remercie dans un premier temps tous les membres du jury pour l'intérêt montréà ce travail de thèse. Mercià Bénédicte Cuénot et Patrick Bontoux pour avoir accepté de lire, commenter et juger ce mémoire en qualité de rapporteurs. Je... more
 Synthesis of Ceria nanoparticles using Solution Combustion Method.  Effect of Solvents and Fuels on soot oxidation of ceria nanoparticles.  Lower crystallite size, higher facet ratios and lattice strain for glycine and acetone. ... more
This study presents the use of a new chemical reactor network (CRN) model and non-uniform injectors to predict the NOx emission pollutant in gas turbine combustor. The CRN uses information from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)... more
Co 3 O 4 catalysts were prepared via carbonate precipitation at different pH, characterized using TG/DTA, FTIR, XRD, Raman, N 2 adsorption and TPR techniques, and tested in the total oxidation of toluene or propane. The precipitation pH... more
The importance of air quality monitoring has been strongly demonstrated in numerous scientific studies. This study, carried out in an intense circular intersection, brings additional arguments that the monitoring of the fine particles... more
Ce travail a été réalisé sur la base d'un contrat de recherche entre l'Ecole des mines d'Alès et le CEA Gramat, je tiens donc à remercier tous les interlocuteurs que j'ai pu rencontrer : Emmanuel Lapébie, Laurent Munier, Antoine Osmont et... more
This work reports the results of catalytic oxidation of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A gaseous mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) in nitrogen was used as representative of VOCs. Reactions were... more
The Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) represent the best technology available to reduce Particulate Matter (PM or soot) emissions under EU standards: but they need a periodic regeneration. In the last years there has been a... more
One of the main issues of catalyzed diesel particulate filter is ash deposition onto catalyst coated on the filter. The effects of ash deposition on the catalysis of soot oxidation with gaseous oxygen were determined using multi-layered... more
International audienceCette étude concerne le développement d’outils numériques permettant d’analyser le processus de mélange entre les jets primaire et induit dans un éjecteur supersonique destiné à la réfrigération solaire par... more
Le but du papier est d'étudier les paramètres influents de deux modèles de l'interface pneu/sol, le modèle de Fiala et le modèle de Pacejka, utilisés dans les domaines automobile et aéronautique. Il s'agit de modèles non linéaires,... more
The objective of this thesis was to model the pollutants generated within the micro flame and to investigate the possibility to obtain a nano flame. Therefore it implies to simulate a micro flame from which pollutants should be evaluated... more
This paper describes an experimental and numerical study of the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the lean premixed (LPM) combustion of gaseous fuel alternatives to typical pipeline natural gas in a high intensity, single-jet,... more
Development efforts to reduce pollutants such as NOx and CO produced by fossil-fuelled systems such as gas turbine engines have become a necessity. The realisation of these efforts in conceptual and detailed design phases before... more
CeO 2 (Ce) and CeO 2-NiO (CeNi) nanocatalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation from nitrate precursors using 25% ammonia solution (NH 4 OH) as the precipitating agent. The catalysts were calcined in air at 500 ºC and 800ºC for 4h to... more
Development efforts to reduce pollutants such as NOx and CO produced by fossil-fuelled systems such as gas turbine engines have become a necessity. The realisation of these efforts in conceptual and detailed design phases before... more
National audienceNous démontrons dans ce travail que la nanoplasmonique indirecte nous permet de sonder l&#39;adsorption/désorption de molécules d&#39;eau sur différentes suies. L&#39;augmentation de l’humidité relative du milieu... more
Il m'est difficile de remercier toutes les personnes m'ayant-directement ou indirectement, scientifiquement ou moralement-aidées à mener cette thèse à son terme. Les remerciements les plus longs sont parfois les moins sincères,... more
The effect of CeO 2 on the properties of the Pd/Co 3 O 4-CeO 2 /cordierite catalyst is a function of the method of its preparation. The catalyst obtained by the simultaneous deposition of cerium oxide and cobalt oxide showed high activity... more
Ce travail est consacré à la mise en évidence par simulation numérique des caractéristiques d'une flamme de diffusion turbulente avec co-courant d'air de méthane enrichie avec de l'hydrogène. La configuration adoptée est constituée d'un... more
La decomposition thermique du methane est un moyen ecologique de produire simultanement de l’hydrogene et du noir de carbone. Une etude parametrique a ete faite sur une modelisation a deux dimensions d’un reacteur de decomposition... more
Soot-catalyst contact represents the main critical issue for an effective regeneration of catalytic (i.e., catalyst-coated) diesel particulate filters (DPFs). Most of the literature reviews on this topic have mainly been focused on... more
b. Laboratoire de la mécanique avancé USTHB Bab Elzouar ALGERIE Résume: Dans ce travail, on étudie les phénomènes de déséquilibre thermochimique dans un écoulement de fluide gazeux réactif, composé d&#39;un mélange de 79% d&#39;azote... more
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