PIB industrial

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución de la incidencia del PIB agropecuario en el PIB nacional. El sector agropecuario ha sido –históricamente hablando– uno de los más estratégicos y de mayor incidencia en el desarrollo económico y social del país, cuya evolución ha venido decreciendo en las últimas décadas y en consecuencia ha modificado la estructura económica y variado internamente los productos agrícolas y pecuarios de mayor peso en el desarrollo de la economía colombiana. La información se analizó con base en las cifras del Dane de los años 2002 a 2010 y mediante consultas de bases de datos especializadas en información relacionada con el tema.

La prise de conscience sur les impacts environnementaux et sociaux que cause la course effrénée vers l’accumulation du capital physique, est désormais notoire dans le concert des nations. Les avis sont de plus en plus unanimes. La nécessité de tenir compte de la dimension humaine et environnementale dans la constitution de la richesse d’une nation est maintenant indéniable. Pourtant, ni le PIB et ses mesures de revenu dérivées n’ont  permis  de saisir correctement ces enjeux liés à la qualité et à la soutenabilité des modes de vie des personnes et des sociétés. On ne peut, en effet, considérer que le revenu véritable d’un pays s’accroît si ses ressources naturelles s’épuisent dans une proportion que ne peuvent compenser les investissements en capital physique. Il en va de même si les connaissances et les capacités de sa population diminuent .
Par conséquent, il importe de trouver un indicateur qui exprime simultanément pour un pays donné et à l’issue d’un cycle de production, la variation du capital physique, humain et naturel. C’est en ce sens que l’épargne véritable ou Epargne Nette Ajustée (ENA) trouve toute sa raison d’être.

Program aplikasi PIB ver. 5.0 (Sebaiknya lembar ini dicetak) Untuk mengisikan kode aktivasi dan instalasi program PIB ver 5.0, lakukan hal sebagai berikut: 1. Sementara ini baru tersedia program PIB dengan platform OS Windows. 2. Ada 2 kemungkinan Anda mengisikan kode aktivasi: a. Instalasi baru program aplikasi PIB versi 5.0. Walaupun Anda sudah memiliki PIB versi 4.11 atau versi 4.2, Anda termasuk kategori install baru. Jalankan prosedur A. b. Sudah menginstall PIB ver. 5.0, tetapi akan melakukan perubahan identitas perusahaan, misalnya NPWP, nama atau alamat.perusahaan. Termasuk di sini jika Anda akan mengupgrade identitas dari versi demo ke identitas sebenarnya. Anda tidak perlu melakukan install baru, jalankan prosedur B. Prosedur A Untuk instalasi baru program aplikasi PIB versi 5.0, Anda memerlukan CD instalasi aplikasi PIB ver. 5.0

The vegetation growing on special types of rocks has long attracted the attention of botanists and ecologists. In this respect, interest in serpentine soils has led to the publication of a number of monographs on their flora and vegetation. The high levels of heavy metals, in particular of Ni, and the low proportion of Ca/Mg are generally held responsible for the severe restrictions limiting flora development on this kind of rocks. Although researchers have also studied other types of unusual bedrocks such as gypsum outcrops, little work has been done on dolomites. This is surprising because dolomites share certain features with serpentines (they are both rocks rich in Mg). This paper deals with the flora peculiar to the dolomites of the Baetic Ranges, one of the richest territories in Europe as far as flora is concerned. A number of botanists with experience in the study of this very particular flora have joined together to make a list of the plants peculiar to the dolomites. Our catalogue includes 144 species with a variable degree of ''dolomitophily'', the score of which ranging from 1 to 3, the maximal value. A comparison of the taxonomical spectrum of this catalogue with the one found in territories where dolomites are dominant or with other areas of serpentines reveals that there is a given deviation or bias in favour of some families. A similar comparison between biotypes also leads to the observation that, as usually happens on ultramafic rocks, hemicryptophytes tend to be dominant on dolomites. In addition, we show that the proportion of Ca/Mg catalogued for different kinds of soils could be a key element in explaining the ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/flora 0367-2530/$ -see front matter .es (M.E. Merlo). restrictions which dolomites and serpentines impose on plants. In dolomites this proportion shows an intermediate position (2.19) between soils derived from limestones (11.30) and serpentines (0.84) in the study area.

El presente artículo analiza la relación existente entre la evolución de las provisiones para cuentas incobrables realizadas por los bancos conformantes del sistema financiero ecuatoriano y el ciclo económico, expresado como los cambios del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). En el análisis correlacional de un conjunto de datos que comprende el periodo 2004-2016, se identifica el efecto de la inclusión, vía normativa, de la provisión anticíclica en la estructura de ésta cuenta, desatacándose dos escenarios diferentes; uno previo a la norma, en el cual se verifica la relación contracíclica entre la variación del PIB y las provisiones y un segundo escenario, posterior a la vigencia de la norma, donde es posible apreciar un cambio en la relación entre las variables estudiadas, y comprobándose la significancia que adquiere el crecimiento de la cartera en la explicación de la variación de las provisiones.

The vegetation growing on special types of rocks has long attracted the attention of botanists and ecologists. In this respect, interest in serpentine soils has led to the publication of a number of monographs on their flora and vegetation. The high levels of heavy metals, in particular of Ni, and the low proportion of Ca/Mg are generally held responsible for the severe restrictions limiting flora development on this kind of rocks. Although researchers have also studied other types of unusual bedrocks such as gypsum outcrops, little work has been done on dolomites. This is surprising because dolomites share certain features with serpentines (they are both rocks rich in Mg). This paper deals with the flora peculiar to the dolomites of the Baetic Ranges, one of the richest territories in Europe as far as flora is concerned. A number of botanists with experience in the study of this very particular flora have joined together to make a list of the plants peculiar to the dolomites. Our catalogue includes 144 species with a variable degree of ''dolomitophily'', the score of which ranging from 1 to 3, the maximal value. A comparison of the taxonomical spectrum of this catalogue with the one found in territories where dolomites are dominant or with other areas of serpentines reveals that there is a given deviation or bias in favour of some families. A similar comparison between biotypes also leads to the observation that, as usually happens on ultramafic rocks, hemicryptophytes tend to be dominant on dolomites. In addition, we show that the proportion of Ca/Mg catalogued for different kinds of soils could be a key element in explaining the ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/flora 0367-2530/$ -see front matter .es (M.E. Merlo). restrictions which dolomites and serpentines impose on plants. In dolomites this proportion shows an intermediate position (2.19) between soils derived from limestones (11.30) and serpentines (0.84) in the study area.

The vegetation growing on special types of rocks has long attracted the attention of botanists and ecologists. In this respect, interest in serpentine soils has led to the publication of a number of monographs on their flora and vegetation. The high levels of heavy metals, in particular of Ni, and the low proportion of Ca/Mg are generally held responsible for the severe restrictions limiting flora development on this kind of rocks. Although researchers have also studied other types of unusual bedrocks such as gypsum outcrops, little work has been done on dolomites. This is surprising because dolomites share certain features with serpentines (they are both rocks rich in Mg). This paper deals with the flora peculiar to the dolomites of the Baetic Ranges, one of the richest territories in Europe as far as flora is concerned. A number of botanists with experience in the study of this very particular flora have joined together to make a list of the plants peculiar to the dolomites. Our catalogue includes 144 species with a variable degree of ''dolomitophily'', the score of which ranging from 1 to 3, the maximal value. A comparison of the taxonomical spectrum of this catalogue with the one found in territories where dolomites are dominant or with other areas of serpentines reveals that there is a given deviation or bias in favour of some families. A similar comparison between biotypes also leads to the observation that, as usually happens on ultramafic rocks, hemicryptophytes tend to be dominant on dolomites. In addition, we show that the proportion of Ca/Mg catalogued for different kinds of soils could be a key element in explaining the ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/flora 0367-2530/$ -see front matter .es (M.E. Merlo). restrictions which dolomites and serpentines impose on plants. In dolomites this proportion shows an intermediate position (2.19) between soils derived from limestones (11.30) and serpentines (0.84) in the study area.

The vegetation growing on special types of rocks has long attracted the attention of botanists and ecologists. In this respect, interest in serpentine soils has led to the publication of a number of monographs on their flora and vegetation. The high levels of heavy metals, in particular of Ni, and the low proportion of Ca/Mg are generally held responsible for the severe restrictions limiting flora development on this kind of rocks. Although researchers have also studied other types of unusual bedrocks such as gypsum outcrops, little work has been done on dolomites. This is surprising because dolomites share certain features with serpentines (they are both rocks rich in Mg). This paper deals with the flora peculiar to the dolomites of the Baetic Ranges, one of the richest territories in Europe as far as flora is concerned. A number of botanists with experience in the study of this very particular flora have joined together to make a list of the plants peculiar to the dolomites. Our catalogue includes 144 species with a variable degree of ''dolomitophily'', the score of which ranging from 1 to 3, the maximal value. A comparison of the taxonomical spectrum of this catalogue with the one found in territories where dolomites are dominant or with other areas of serpentines reveals that there is a given deviation or bias in favour of some families. A similar comparison between biotypes also leads to the observation that, as usually happens on ultramafic rocks, hemicryptophytes tend to be dominant on dolomites. In addition, we show that the proportion of Ca/Mg catalogued for different kinds of soils could be a key element in explaining the

Esta es la segunda parte de la crítica al PIB como indicador de la situación y el progreso económico de un país. Para empezar abordaremos algunos temas que subyacen a la noción de contabilidad nacional. Revisaremos la propia idea de crecimiento en el tiempo junto con las de riqueza y efi-ciencia según el mainstream neoclásico-keynesiano, para evaluar si el P.I.B. refleja estáticamente el bienestar de un país. Luego veremos las objeciones de J. Huerta de Soto, G. Reisman y N. Ca-chanosky, al P.I.B. como indicador dinámico de bienestar futuro.

Una recesión es una disminución de la actividad económica, se considera que existe recesión cuando la variación anual del PIB es negativa durante dos trimestres consecutivos se analiza el ciclo económico como una serie de fases por las que pasa la economía en la que el ciclo económico comienza de nuevo pasando por periodos de recesión y periodos de expansión.

The vegetation growing on special types of rocks has long attracted the attention of botanists and ecologists. In this respect, interest in serpentine soils has led to the publication of a number of monographs on their flora and vegetation. The high levels of heavy metals, in particular of Ni, and the low proportion of Ca/Mg are generally held responsible for the severe restrictions limiting flora development on this kind of rocks. Although researchers have also studied other types of unusual bedrocks such as gypsum outcrops, little work has been done on dolomites. This is surprising because dolomites share certain features with serpentines (they are both rocks rich in Mg). This paper deals with the flora peculiar to the dolomites of the Baetic Ranges, one of the richest territories in Europe as far as flora is concerned. A number of botanists with experience in the study of this very particular flora have joined together to make a list of the plants peculiar to the dolomites. Our catalogue includes 144 species with a variable degree of ''dolomitophily'', the score of which ranging from 1 to 3, the maximal value. A comparison of the taxonomical spectrum of this catalogue with the one found in territories where dolomites are dominant or with other areas of serpentines reveals that there is a given deviation or bias in favour of some families. A similar comparison between biotypes also leads to the observation that, as usually happens on ultramafic rocks, hemicryptophytes tend to be dominant on dolomites. In addition, we show that the proportion of Ca/Mg catalogued for different kinds of soils could be a key element in explaining the ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/flora 0367-2530/$ -see front matter .es (M.E. Merlo). restrictions which dolomites and serpentines impose on plants. In dolomites this proportion shows an intermediate position (2.19) between soils derived from limestones (11.30) and serpentines (0.84) in the study area.

The vegetation growing on special types of rocks has long attracted the attention of botanists and ecologists. In this respect, interest in serpentine soils has led to the publication of a number of monographs on their flora and vegetation. The high levels of heavy metals, in particular of Ni, and the low proportion of Ca/Mg are generally held responsible for the severe restrictions limiting flora development on this kind of rocks. Although researchers have also studied other types of unusual bedrocks such as gypsum outcrops, little work has been done on dolomites. This is surprising because dolomites share certain features with serpentines (they are both rocks rich in Mg). This paper deals with the flora peculiar to the dolomites of the Baetic Ranges, one of the richest territories in Europe as far as flora is concerned. A number of botanists with experience in the study of this very particular flora have joined together to make a list of the plants peculiar to the dolomites. Our catalogue includes 144 species with a variable degree of ''dolomitophily'', the score of which ranging from 1 to 3, the maximal value. A comparison of the taxonomical spectrum of this catalogue with the one found in territories where dolomites are dominant or with other areas of serpentines reveals that there is a given deviation or bias in favour of some families. A similar comparison between biotypes also leads to the observation that, as usually happens on ultramafic rocks, hemicryptophytes tend to be dominant on dolomites. In addition, we show that the proportion of Ca/Mg catalogued for different kinds of soils could be a key element in explaining the ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/flora 0367-2530/$ -see front matter .es (M.E. Merlo). restrictions which dolomites and serpentines impose on plants. In dolomites this proportion shows an intermediate position (2.19) between soils derived from limestones (11.30) and serpentines (0.84) in the study area.