Nutrient salts

In 2003 the MAP Technical Report Series 141, mentioned the lack of data concerning the flux of water, sediments and pollutants from North-African rivers and from the land-based sources to the Mediterranean Sea.In Egypt, the Omoum drain, after the construction of the Aswan High Dam and the controlling of the Nile River water fl ow, has become one of the main land-based sources regularly discharging its waters (fl ow rate 2547.7 x 106 m3/year) directly into the Mediterranean Sea at EL-Mex Bay, west of Alexandria. Downstream, before it reaches the sea, its water mixes with water effl uent (surplus water) from a neighboring sewage-polluted lake called Lake Maryout, rate 262.8 x 106 m3/year.The present work is a monthly study over a year of levels of concentration of some mainly trace elements (nutrients and some heavy metals) in the proper water of the drain before mixing and in the effl uent from the lake, and calculations of both the concentrations and the corresponding expected loads...

O 2 , N, P and Si net ecosystem metabolism of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (NW Iberian upwelling system) was estimated during two 3-wk periods of contrasting summer downwelling and autumn upwelling conditions by means of a transient 2-D kinematic box model. The subtidal circulation was positive in both situations, although it was depressed during downwelling and enhanced during upwelling. Concurrently, the ría was fertilised mainly by shelf bottom waters, which introduced from 69% (under downwelling) to almost 100% (under upwelling) of the limiting N nutrients. The ría was an efficient nutrient trap: about 70% of the N nutrients that entered the embayment were retained under downwelling conditions (average flushing time, 9 days) and about 50% under upwelling conditions (average flushing time 3 days). Although the trapping efficiency was lower, the net ecosystem production (NEP) was much higher under upwelling (from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.5 ± 0.4 g C m-2 d-1), than under downwelling favourable winds (from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 0.3 ± 0.1 g C m-2). The stoichiometry of NEP suggests that P and N compounds recycled faster than C compounds, specially in the inner segment of the ría. The net degree of silification was twice in the inner than in the outer segment of the ría.

In the present work, the influence of different physicochemical characteristics on the distribution of anionic detergents, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), was studied. Surface and bottom water samples were collected from eight different sites from a small bay near the main sewage discharge of Alexandria City (El-Max Bay). The results showed great variations in the concentrations, as a function of the regional and seasonal variations. The study revealed that the pH values lie in the normal side, with a range of 8.0-8.5 inside the bay and 7.5-7.7 at El-Umum Drain effluent. Wide variations, observed between the surface and the bottom water of the bay, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxidizable organic matter, total hardness, and total alkalinity, were scattered in the ranges (3.33-42.73 practical salinity unit), (0.42-8.27 mg O 2 /l), (0.12-10.49 mg/l), (1.39-8.99 mg/l), and (0.23-0.48 mg/l), respectively. The regional variations of LAS concentrations in the bay waters showed that the concentration decreased as the distance from the source of drainage water (El-Umum Drain). The seasonal average variations of LAS cleared out that summer and spring periods had the highest concentrations at surface (0.13±0.04 mg LAS/l) and bottom (0.12±0.10 mg LAS/l) layer, which is attributed to increase in population density and human activities. The inverse relationships between total LAS concentration and salinity, dissolved oxygen, and calcium ions concentration are r0−0.78, 0.50, and 0.67, respectively. This is related to the occurrence of the untreated wastewater containing detergents, the biodegradation rate of surfactants, and strong precipitation of LAS as Ca.

This study was designed to assess the levels of nutrient salts and eutrophication status in Burullus Lake water. Most of the physicochemical characteristics showed wide variations among the sites and seasons (p<0.01). The water of the lake was in the alkaline side, and pH value fluctuated in the range (7.47-8.96). The lake water was oxygenated around the year (2.10 and 13.40 mg/l). The nutrient salts showed a lot of fluctuations, often occurring in high concentrations, with a remarkable spatial and temporal difference (p<0.001). As a result of nutrient enrichment, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) recorded abnormal high concentrations up to 648.3 µg/L. TN:TP ratio implied that phosphorus is the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth in Burullus Lake. The high levels of nutrient salts and Chl-a together serve as a good indicator of hypertrophic levels in the lake water. This observation was confirmed by the data of the Trophic State Index (TSI) using Chl-a, TP, TN, and Secchi depth that indicated the hypereutrophic state of Burullus Lake associated with poorly of its water quality. Our results indicated the existence of dramatic deterioration in Burullus Lake because of human activities and the discharge of wastewater to the lake.

The Egyptian Mediterranean Coast has five lakes; all of them, except Lake Maruit, are directly connected to the Sea. The objective of the present study in 2016 is assessing the environmental statement of Lake Maruit (water and sediment quality). The sample from 10 monitoring points distributed along the lake in addition to 3 samples from the main drains and for water samples (temperature, salinity, pH, BOD, DO, COD, eutrophication parameters (ammonia, TSM, nitrate, nitrite, reactive phosphate , silicate, TP and TN), heavy metals and microbiological parameters in addition to Total pesticides, PCBs and PHC) while for sediment samples (Sediment Types, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter Content, Water Content, TN, TP, heavy metals and Total pesticides, PCBs and PHC) were analyzed. The results revealed that water temperature of the Lake Basins showed variations and ranged from (12.8-31.5 °C) while the annual average concentration of Drains 22.5 o C, Salinity of the Lake ranged between (1.84-6.45 Ppt), while the annual average concentration of Drains 1.69 Ppt, the distribution pattern of seasonal variations of pH values was ranged between (7.24-9.04), while the annual average concentration of Drains 7.923, Distribution of DO showed a considerable wide range between(0.00-15.84 mg/l) , while the annual average concentration of Drains 4.54 mg/l, BOD in the Lake was ranged between (9.54-224.25 mg/l), while the annual average concentration of Drains 76.15 mg/l. Lake Maruit was considered a major source of pollution to the Mediterranean Sea through El-Mex Bay because it receives a huge amount of polluted water from three major sources. On the other hand, the lake water at present has no metal pollution problem. The main pollution problem is due to the oxygen-consuming wastes and the plant nutrients, which had led to depletion in DO.

El-Mex Bay is a relatively large coastal embayment west of Alexandria. The bay is an important fishery ground as well as recreation area. It includes both the Western Harbor and Dekhaila Harbor. It is one of heavily polluted areas on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, receiving huge amount of agricultural, industrial, and sewage wastes from the adjacent Lake Mariut through El-Umoum Drain. According to different estimations in literatures the volume of the wastewaters varied between 7 × 10 6 and 8 × 10 6 m 3 day-1 , which is supposed to increase with the growing population density of Alexandria city. These conditions cause pronounced eutrophication and drastic changes. Eutrophication-related problems in El-Mex Bay of Alexandria were studied seasonally from autumn 2011 to autumn 2012. Geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques were used together with the ground-based surveys to assess the vulnerability of the most important physical and eutrophication parameters along El-Mex Bay coast. As a result of increasing population and industrial development, poorly untreated industrial waste, domestic sewage, shipping industry and agricultural runoff are being released to the bay. With the rapid increase in the industries and population, changes in water quality would have potential consequences for the large rapidly growing population of the Alexandria region. Recommendations for environmental recovery and restoration are proposed for preservation of El-Mex Bay and harbors in order to facilitate development of environmental and tourist activities.

Eutrophication of coastal waters is considered one of the major threats in marine ecosystems. Therefore, continuous monitoring is urgently needed to define potential risk zones. The present study is an attempt to test the applicability of the trophic state indices (TRIX) and Carlson's indice for scaling the eutrophication status of Lake Mariout in concert with a number of physicochemical descriptors aimed to select the most relevant of their ecological quality directed to increase fish production. Water samples were investigated seasonally during 2014. The range and annual average values of Physicochemical parameters were 18-27.5°C (23.20±0.52°C) for Temperature; 0.28-7.40‰ (3.70‰±1.69‰) for Salinity; 7.84-8.84 for pH; 0.60-5.24meq/l (1.97 ±0.43meq/l) for Total alkalinity; 0.14-10.71mg/l (4.91±2.98mg/l) for DO; 0.01-2.6mg/l (1.35±0.32mg/l) for BOD; 3.2-134.4mg/l (56.35±27.89 mg/l) for OOM; and 16.30-161.00 mg/l (63.80±24.70) for Total suspended solids;. The results of nutrient salts range and mean concentration (μM) were from 0.20 to 118.30 (15.61±15.46) for Ammonium; from 0.05 to 22.48 (3.43±3.38) for Nitrite; from 0.14 to 66.67 (13.50±7.78) for Nitrate; from 0.39 to 157.26 (39.28±43.79) for DIN; from 0.32 to 123.55 (33.64±18.77) for total nitrogen; from 0.10 to 45.30 (8.27±10.28) for reactive phosphate; from 0.04 to 49.60 (7.98±6.93) for total phosphorus; and from 2.14 to 226.16 (39.97±21.85) for silicate. Chlorophyll-a ranged from 3.95 to 130.3µg/l (28.51±21.99µg/l). According to seasonally calculated TRIX and Carlson's trophic state indices values, the sites are ranked in a descending order from very high to moderate eutrophic level for most stations, revealing the existence of anthropogenic stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Area of study and sampling: Lake Mariout is one of the main fishing grounds of Alexandria located between longitude 29° 47.1′ to 29° 50.4′ E and latitude 31° 7.5′ to 31° 9′ N (Saad et al. 2017). The Lake is a shallow brackish water basin, its water depth ranges from 60 to 150 cm. It lies at the north of the Nile Delta, southeast of Alexandria; the lake is divided by artificial embankments into four basins (Fig. 1). In recent years, Lake Mariout was considered as an oxidation pond for Alexandrian waste water and agricultural wastes, discharged to it by the newly constructed plant stations. In order to evaluate the lake's water quality, 10 surface water samples from the Lake beside Qalaa, El-Umum drains, and Nubaria canal were collected seasonally in winter, spring, summer, and autumn 2014 (Fig. 1). Water samples were taken manually by attaching a cleaned 1Lpolyethylene bottle immersing to a depth 20-cm below the surface water. Methods of Analysis Water temperature was measured using a thermometer sensitive to 0.1°C; water pH and salinity were measured using a pocket pH meter (model 201/digital pH meter) and a Beckman salinometer (Model NO.R.S.10), respectively. Total alkalinity was determined according to standard Methods (APHA 1995).

Phosphorus (P) fractions and their bioavailability in the sediments from El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut in Egypt were investigated using different chemical extraction methods. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) extractable P (Olsen-P) was the largest fraction (14.42%), followed by algal available P (AAP) (3.56%), water soluble P (WSP) (0.79%), and readily desorbable P (RDP) (0.06%) for El Mex Bay. While AAP contributed 9.94% to total P in sediments from Lake Mariut, Olsen-P 8.53%, WSP 4.11%, and RDP 0.92%. Summation of the bioavailable P fractions didn't exceed the sediment quality guidelines, and, therefore, P doesn't represent a danger to marine organisms. Correlation coefficients showed that no apparent relations between total P (TP) and iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca) in the sediments. Furthermore, Fe:P ratio was less than 15 indicting that there was not enough Fe in surface sediments to bind to P at most of the sampling sites. The positive correlation between TP and organic matter (OM) for Lake Mariut and El Mex Bay sediments indicated that the organic matter content of the sediment was a useful predictor of 2 the total phosphorus content. Data from this study constitute a baseline of phosphorus bioavailability in sediments from El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut and could be used as a reference for future studies on the changes of bioavailable and residual phosphorus fractions over time.

The evolution of a warm water mass related to the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) was characterized along the northern Galician shelf in November 2008 by means of Sea Surface Temperature and wind data. It was observed that under upwelling favorable conditions water temperature decreased along the northern coast and a temperature break appeared between Cape Vilano and Cape Ortegal showing a relaxation of the poleward intrusion. The effect of the IPC was also analyzed inside the northern Galician rias taking into account the hydrographical and biogeochemical properties measured on November 18. Water driven by the IPC was observed close to the mouth of the rias, around Cape Estaca de Bares, causing a nutrient salts decrease. Inside the rias a slight biological activity was found near surface resulting from fluvial contributions.

El Mex Bay area received domestic, industrial and agricultural waste water from the surrounding area. The need to pay much attention to the potential effects of anthropogenic inputs upon the hydrochemical characteristics of the bay is an emergency. Several water samples have been analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics during 2010/2011: Seven samples from El Mex bay and 4 samples from drains. The study revealed that pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxidizable organic matter, biological oxygen demand, and chlorophylls-a,b.c, were in the ranges 7.16-8.97; 0.3-42.04; ND-22.26 mg/L; 0.4-112.00 mg O 2 /L; 3.23-111.29 mg/L; 0.11-241.91 µg/L; 0.03-242.78 µg/L and 0.01-239.55 µg/L, respectively. The increasing organic supply introduced into the studied restricted area characterized by its relative slow rate of selfpurification results in elevation of OOM compared to previous studies. The ranges of nutrients (μM/L) were: 0.15-2815.85, 0.28-22.85, 0.2-58.42, 0.25-30.45 and 0.11-40.23 for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate and reactive silicate, respectively. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) which was used to develop water quality index (WQI) revealed that El-Dekhila Head and El Qalaa drain were the most polluted sampling sites that resulted from the disposal of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes. Depending on DIN/DIP ratio of seawater for El-Mex Bay and adjacent drains the majority of the investigated area sums to be P-limited.

Fifteen surface water samples were collected from Obhur Creek to assess the water quality and environmental conditions. Hydrographical parameters indicated gradual increase in salinity from mouth to the head of Creek, whereas dissolved oxygen showed supersaturation in most stations. Average concentration of nutrient ions was found to be 0.79, 0.03, 0.51, 1.04, 0.103 µmol/l for ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, and phosphate ions, respectively. These data showed relative increase compared to the previous intensive study for Obhur Creek during 2008. The concentrations of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus were found to be 6.79 and 1.72 µmol/l, respectively, which are higher than coastal values. The ratio of total inorganic nitrogen/phosphate for the Creek was calculated giving average value of 42, indicating phosphorus limitation for phytoplankton production. The data of nutrients suggests relative change in the trophic level of Obhur Creek from oligotrophic to mesotrophic, which consider as starting point for dramatic changes in this coastal area.

In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton assemblages are mostly affected by different water quality parameters. In March 2020, water and phytoplankton samples were collected from seven geo-referenced stations distributed along the southern part of Lake Burullus, in front of drains. Physio-chemical parameters (temperature T°C, pH, dissolved oxygen DO, Salinity, nitrite NO2 , phosphate PO4 , ammonia NH4 , and silicates SiO4 ) were analyzed in water samples. Phytoplankton samples were collected using a net mesh of a size of 20 µm. The most abundant classes are Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Euglenophyceae in stations 7, 2, and 6, respectively. The difference between classes and species is based on the different discharge of wastes, the high load of organic matter, and salinity. Results of the average water quality index AWQI showed low water quality in front of drainage waters. The vegetative cover increases on the eastern side. Landsat images were acquired, treated, and processed for co...

In order to assess the quality of the Aqaba Gulf coastal waters for the sustainable use and development, and consequently for the national income, four field campaigns were annually carried out during the period from 2011-2013 to monitor hydrographic variables, i.e. temperature, salinity, pH, etc., nutrients, some heavy metals, i.e. iron, lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, etc.

A hot spot region of the Mediterranean Sea located at Sidikerir west of Alexandria was chosen to evaluate the present status of its water quality due to the direct impacts of effect of the power station, petroleum pipe company (SUMED) and some tourist villages. Subsurface and near bottom water samples were collected seasonally during 2012 at eight locations to measure physicochemical and nutrient salts characteristics as indicators of the water quality. Temporal, spatial fluctuations as well as statistical correlations between the analyzed variables were examined. They demonstrated a wide range of water temperature (17.14-26.31°C), narrow fluctuations in salinity (37.51-39.71), and well-oxygenated seawaters (4.16-8.00 mg O 2 /l), low amounts of oxidizable organic matter (1.92 mg O 2 /l) and the seawater was slightly alkaline (pH range 8.03-8.53). Nutrient characteristics sustained the levels up to 1.68, 11.00, 8.82, 1.15 and 33.18 lM for reactive phosphates, reactive silicates, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorous were fluctuated between 17.63-118.65 and 0.20-2.80 lM, respectively. Trophic states, as well as factors affecting the water quality of study area, were evaluated. The water quality index WQI demonstrated that Sidikerir water was between medium and good.

Temperature, pH, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Oxidizable Organic Matter (OOM) as well as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate were studied seasonally in the surface water of Bitter and Temsah Lakes during 2009 and 2010. The results revealed that: i) the annual mean range of concentration of these parameters in Bitter lakes were (24.53 o C; 8.

A hot spot region of the Mediterranean Sea located at Sidikerir west of Alexandria was chosen to evaluate the present status of its water quality due to the direct impacts of effect of the power station, petroleum pipe company (SUMED) and some tourist villages. Subsurface and near bottom water samples were collected seasonally during 2012 at eight locations to measure physicochemical and nutrient salts characteristics as indicators of the water quality. Temporal, spatial fluctuations as well as statistical correlations between the analyzed variables were examined. They demonstrated a wide range of water temperature (17.14-26.31°C), narrow fluctuations in salinity (37.51-39.71), and well-oxygenated seawaters (4.16-8.00 mg O 2 /l), low amounts of oxidizable organic matter (1.92 mg O 2 /l) and the seawater was slightly alkaline (pH range 8.03-8.53). Nutrient characteristics sustained the levels up to 1.68, 11.00, 8.82, 1.15 and 33.18 lM for reactive phosphates, reactive silicates, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorous were fluctuated between 17.63-118.65 and 0.20-2.80 lM, respectively. Trophic states, as well as factors affecting the water quality of study area, were evaluated. The water quality index WQI demonstrated that Sidikerir water was between medium and good.

Loading, retention, and in-lake cycling of phosphorus (P), nitrogen, silica, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were studied 1 year before and 3 years after P-inactivation by aluminum (Al) hydroxide in Danish Lake Nordborg in 2006. Simultaneously, external P loading was reduced by 40% via establishment of precipitation ponds in two inlets. After Al treatment, the internal P loading (sediment P release) during summer declined 90%–94%, owing to adsorption to aluminum hydroxide. Also, silicate regeneration from the sediment was reduced by 69%–76%, and sediment oxygen uptake as well as ammonium release declined markedly. Consequently, lake water total P, dissolved inorganic P, silicate, and DOC decreased by 73%, 97%, 87%, and 46%, respectively. The Secchi depth increased in the summer period during the first post-treatment year, but declined afterwards to pre-treatment levels, even though the mean lake-water total P concentration during summer was reduced from ∼240 µg·L–1 before treatme...

In 2003 the MAP Technical Report Series 141, mentioned the lack of data concerning the flux of water, sediments and pollutants from North-African rivers and from the land-based sources to the Mediterranean Sea.In Egypt, the Omoum drain, after the construction of the Aswan High Dam and the controlling of the Nile River water fl ow, has become one of the main land-based sources regularly discharging its waters (fl ow rate 2547.7 x 106 m3/year) directly into the Mediterranean Sea at EL-Mex Bay, west of Alexandria. Downstream, before it reaches the sea, its water mixes with water effl uent (surplus water) from a neighboring sewage-polluted lake called Lake Maryout, rate 262.8 x 106 m3/year.The present work is a monthly study over a year of levels of concentration of some mainly trace elements (nutrients and some heavy metals) in the proper water of the drain before mixing and in the effl uent from the lake, and calculations of both the concentrations and the corresponding expected loads...

El Mex Bay area received domestic, industrial and agricultural waste water from the surrounding area. The need to pay much attention to the potential effects of anthropogenic inputs upon the hydrochemical characteristics of the bay is an emergency. Several water samples have been analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics during 2010/2011: Seven samples from El Mex bay and 4 samples from drains. The study revealed that pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxidizable organic matter, biological oxygen demand, and chlorophylls-a,b.c, were in the ranges 7.16-8.97; 0.3-42.04; ND-22.26 mg/L; 0.4-112.00 mg O 2 /L; 3.23-111.29 mg/L; 0.11-241.91 µg/L; 0.03-242.78 µg/L and 0.01-239.55 µg/L, respectively. The increasing organic supply introduced into the studied restricted area characterized by its relative slow rate of selfpurification results in elevation of OOM compared to previous studies. The ranges of nutrients (μM/L) were: 0.15-2815.85, 0.28-22.85, 0.2-58.42, 0.25-30.45 and 0.11-40.23 for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate and reactive silicate, respectively. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) which was used to develop water quality index (WQI) revealed that El-Dekhila Head and El Qalaa drain were the most polluted sampling sites that resulted from the disposal of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes. Depending on DIN/DIP ratio of seawater for El-Mex Bay and adjacent drains the majority of the investigated area sums to be P-limited.

Egypt's Mediterranean coastline is in the Mediterranean's southeastern region. The eastern Mediterranean Sea is one of the world's most oligotrophic aquatic areas (Alprol et al., 2021a). The Eastern Harbor (EH) is one of the most historically significant maritime areas in the world for it once contained thousands of ancient Egyptian antiquities (Khairy et al., 2014). The EH is a popular spot for fishing, yachting, boat building and entertainment. Pollution in marine habitats has proven to be one of the most bothersome issues, spreading throughout the marine natural life system (Khairy & Gharib, 2017). For the ease of exchange, a huge majority of the projects on the planet are in the water bodies of countries, particularly in major commercial harbors, which adds to serious pollution (Ghoneim et al., 2014). The Eastern Harbor of Alexandria (Egypt) became a highly eutrophic basin due to the continuous discharge of untreated domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater (Khairy et al., 2014). The Eastern Harbor contains an abnormally heavy plankton, high chlorophyll-a and ARTICLE INFO

Anfushi and El-Mex stations in Alexandria were seasonally analyzed during the period from Autumn 2001 to Summer 2002, to determine the levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn to reveal their patterns of accumulation throughout different seasons. The correlation between seasonal variations and the nature of investigated stations in metal concentrations was significant. Summer recorded the highest concentrations of Cu and Zn and the lowest one for Pb. Winter recorded the lowest concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cd. while Co recorded its highest concentration in the same season. Fe recorded its highest concentration in Spring, while Autumn recorded the highest concentrations for both Cd and Pb. On the other hand, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in water and tissues revealed highly significant differences for stations and seasons. Co, Cu and Fe concentrations in water revealed marked differences for both seasons and stations. There were no marked differences between seasons for Co, Cu and Fe that accumulated in the soft parts of Patella tissues, while stations were significant. The highest values of Cd and Pb was reported for samples collected from El-Mex in Autumn, while the highest ratio of Cu was revealed for the same station but in Summer. The highest concentration of Co appeared in Autumn from El-Anfushi, while its lowest concentration during the same season was in Abu-Qir. Fe recorded its highest concentration in Abu-Qir station in Spring. While El-Anfushi presented the highest concentration of Zn in Summer.

To assess the quality of the Egyptian Red Sea coastal waters for the sustainable use and development, due to its importance for the national income, four field campaigns were annually carried out during the period from 2011-2013 to investigate the hydrography, nutrient salts, heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Except for the area of Bir Shalatein, the results of beach litter cleared out that the shoreline of the studied area is not affected by man-made litter. No sewage could be observed. The results of the present study showed that water temperature followed seasonal changes in air temperature. Red Sea water is more saline than adjacent Arabian Sea. DO revealed high values and presence of well oxygenated waters. Minor changes in the distribution of pH, BOD, DOM and COD, revealed that limited effects of human impacts and depend mainly on the dynamics of its water as well as on the geographical location. Low Chl-a and TSM concentrations and high transparency revealed that also the effect of human impacts is almost negligible. Significantly higher sea water temperatures, TSM, pH, DO, BOD, DOM, and COD were observed in summer season compared to their corresponding values in winter season. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were quite low because there is little nutrient input from soil, agriculture and pollution on land. Based on the annual mean values, the pattern concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen forms followed the order: NO 3 > NH 4 > NO 2. The Red Sea coastal waters are classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic state. A remarkable increase of PO 4 concentration was observed in the middle Red Sea stations due to huge amounts of effluents enriched with phosphate from the main shipping and industry of Phosphate Companies. SiO 4 displayed a large variability due to the supply of SiO 4 , which flows in the Red Sea through the strait of Bab El-Mandab, biological consumption, organic matter decomposition and the partial dissolution of quartz particle transported to the sea from the surrounding desert during How to cite this paper:

A hot spot region of the Mediterranean Sea located at Sidikerir west of Alexandria was chosen to evaluate the present status of its water quality due to the direct impacts of effect of the power station, petroleum pipe company (SUMED) and some tourist villages. Subsurface and near bottom water samples were collected seasonally during 2012 at eight locations to measure physicochemical and nutrient salts characteristics as indicators of the water quality. Temporal, spatial fluctuations as well as statistical correlations between the analyzed variables were examined. They demonstrated a wide range of water temperature (17.14-26.31°C), narrow fluctuations in salinity (37.51-39.71), and well-oxygenated seawaters (4.16-8.00 mg O 2 /l), low amounts of oxidizable organic matter (1.92 mg O 2 /l) and the seawater was slightly alkaline (pH range 8.03-8.53). Nutrient characteristics sustained the levels up to 1.68, 11.00, 8.82, 1.15 and 33.18 lM for reactive phosphates, reactive silicates, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorous were fluctuated between 17.63-118.65 and 0.20-2.80 lM, respectively. Trophic states, as well as factors affecting the water quality of study area, were evaluated. The water quality index WQI demonstrated that Sidikerir water was between medium and good.

O 2 , N, P and Si net ecosystem metabolism of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (NW Iberian upwelling system) was estimated during two 3-wk periods of contrasting summer downwelling and autumn upwelling conditions by means of a transient 2-D kinematic box model. The subtidal circulation was positive in both situations, although it was depressed during downwelling and enhanced during upwelling. Concurrently, the ría was fertilised mainly by shelf bottom waters, which introduced from 69% (under downwelling) to almost 100% (under upwelling) of the limiting N nutrients. The ría was an efficient nutrient trap: about 70% of the N nutrients that entered the embayment were retained under downwelling conditions (average flushing time, 9 days) and about 50% under upwelling conditions (average flushing time 3 days). Although the trapping efficiency was lower, the net ecosystem production (NEP) was much higher under upwelling (from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.5 ± 0.4 g C m-2 d-1), than under downwelling favourable winds (from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 0.3 ± 0.1 g C m-2). The stoichiometry of NEP suggests that P and N compounds recycled faster than C compounds, specially in the inner segment of the ría. The net degree of silification was twice in the inner than in the outer segment of the ría.

A hot spot region of the Mediterranean Sea located at Sidikerir west of Alexandria was chosen to evaluate the present status of its water quality due to the direct impacts of effect of the power station, petroleum pipe company (SUMED) and some tourist villages. Subsurface and near bottom water samples were collected seasonally during 2012 at eight locations to measure physicochemical and nutrient salts characteristics as indicators of the water quality. Temporal, spatial fluctuations as well as statistical correlations between the analyzed variables were examined. They demonstrated a wide range of water temperature (17.14-26.31°C), narrow fluctuations in salinity (37.51-39.71), and well-oxygenated seawaters (4.16-8.00 mg O 2 /l), low amounts of oxidizable organic matter (1.92 mg O 2 /l) and the seawater was slightly alkaline (pH range 8.03-8.53). Nutrient characteristics sustained the levels up to 1.68, 11.00, 8.82, 1.15 and 33.18 lM for reactive phosphates, reactive silicates, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorous were fluctuated between 17.63-118.65 and 0.20-2.80 lM, respectively. Trophic states, as well as factors affecting the water quality of study area, were evaluated. The water quality index WQI demonstrated that Sidikerir water was between medium and good.

Eastern Mediterranean is known as the most nutrient impoverished basins among the world seas. However, river inputs, atmospheric loads, winter convectional mixing, summer upwelling and the degree of exchange of coastal waters with offshore ones, all, contribute in spatial and temporal heterogeneity in receiving surface waters in the northeastern part of the eastern Mediterranean. This study is conducted to understand similarities in surface waters (inshore (low salinity-high nutrient), transition and offshore waters (high salinity-low nutrient)) based on their dissolved nutrient (PO4, NO2+ NO3, Si) contents and their physical (temperature, salinity, density) properties. For this purpose, data collected during 8 basin wide seasonal cruises (November 2005 to September 2007) at 78 different stations are examined using cluster analysis in northeastern Mediterranean. Results have shown 3:3:4 cluster groups based on their nutrient contents, physical properties and both, respectively. Rive...

The present work is aimed to assess the water quality status of Lake Edku using the data at various locations on the lake based on the Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index was applied in ten water quality parameters (pH, Dissolved Oxygen, biological oxygen demand, suspended particulate matter, Electrical conductivity, Nitrate, Nitrite ammonium and reactive phosphate. The results revealed that the pH values lie slightly on the alkaline side, with a range of (9.07 -7.47), Electrical conductivity (EC) showed a wide range (590– 5125μS/cm) with an average 1871.88 μS/cm. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) ranged (1.56 to 18.10 mgl -1 ) and (0.91 and 15.90 mgl -1 ), respectively. Suspended particulate matter ranged between 16 and 122 with an average 37.81 mg/l. The range and the average values of nutrients (μM) were; 0.2267.3 (11.36), 1.54 80.04 (18.65), 0.11 37.29 (10.72), 1.33 108.38 (31.63), 1.36–70.97 (19.17) for reactive phosphate (PO4/P),...

To assess the quality of the Egyptian Red Sea coastal waters for the sustainable use and development, due to its importance for the national income, four field campaigns were annually carried out during the period from 2011-2013 to investigate the hydrography, nutrient salts, heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Except for the area of Bir Shalatein, the results of beach litter cleared out that the shoreline of the studied area is not affected by man-made litter. No sewage could be observed. The results of the present study showed that water temperature followed seasonal changes in air temperature. Red Sea water is more saline than adjacent Arabian Sea. DO revealed high values and presence of well oxygenated waters. Minor changes in the distribution of pH, BOD, DOM and COD, revealed that limited effects of human impacts and depend mainly on the dynamics of its water as well as on the geographical location. Low Chl-a and TSM concentrations and high transparency revealed that also the effect of human impacts is almost negligible. Significantly higher sea water temperatures, TSM, pH, DO, BOD, DOM, and COD were observed in summer season compared to their corresponding values in winter season. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were quite low because there is little nutrient input from soil, agriculture and pollution on land. Based on the annual mean values, the pattern concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen forms followed the order: NO 3 > NH 4 > NO 2. The Red Sea coastal waters are classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic state. A remarkable increase of PO 4 concentration was observed in the middle Red Sea stations due to huge amounts of effluents enriched with phosphate from the main shipping and industry of Phosphate Companies. SiO 4 displayed a large variability due to the supply of SiO 4 , which flows in the Red Sea through the strait of Bab El-Mandab, biological consumption, organic matter decomposition and the partial dissolution of quartz particle transported to the sea from the surrounding desert during How to cite this paper:

Seasonal variation in surface water quality of Dal Lake was assessed using multivariate statistical techniques. Water quality data collected from 4 sampling sites during 4 seasons was analysed for 13 parameters. Significant variation (p<0.05) in temperature, pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, DO, BOD 5 , COD, PO 4-P, NH 4-N and NO 3-N of sampling sites during different seasons was observed. Cluster analysis grouped 4 sampling sites during 4 seasons into three clusters of similar water quality as relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) sites. The principal component analysis/factor analysis applied to extract and recognize the factors responsible for water quality variations in four seasons of the year resulted in three principal components for each season accounting for 75.78%, 83.25%, 87.33% and 78.96% of total variance for winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons respectively. Parameters like NH 4-N, NO 3-N, BOD 5 and COD have strong positive loading whereas temperature and dissolved oxygen has strong negative loading. Thus, from the principal component/factor analysis it is clear that the domestic wastewaters, agricultural runoff and catchment geology play significant role in water quality variations in the Dal Lake for all the four seasons.

This study concerns using Multivariate statistical analysis to handle the large complex datasets in lakes and use water quality index factor to estimate the water quality in lakes. This study investigated the seasonal and spatial variations of water quality parameters in Burullus Lake in Egypt as a case study. Significant seasonal changes (p &lt; 0.05) were observed in temperature, pH and phosphate (PO4-P), whereas significant spatial differences (p &lt; 0.05) were detected in pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), PO4-P, silicate (SiO4) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The water quality index (WQI) estimated using the inputs of: salinity, DO, NH4-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, and Chl-a. The (WQI) of the lake was rated as “Bad” to “Very bad”. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the first principal component (PC1: 38.78%) represented high loadings on NH4-N: 0.46, NO3N: 0.45, and PO4-P: 0.45, indicating that the lake w...

This study concerns using Multivariate statistical analysis to handle the large complex datasets in lakes and use water quality index factor to estimate the water quality in lakes. This study investigated the seasonal and spatial variations of water quality parameters in Burullus Lake in Egypt as a case study. Significant seasonal changes (p < 0.05) were observed in temperature, pH and phosphate (PO 4-P), whereas significant spatial differences (p < 0.05) were detected in pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N), PO 4-P, silicate (SiO 4) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The water quality index (WQI) estimated using the inputs of: salinity, DO, NH 4-N, NO 3-N, PO 4-P, and Chl-a. The (WQI) of the lake was rated as "Bad" to "Very bad". Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the first principal component (PC1: 38.78%) represented high loadings on NH 4-N: 0.46, NO 3-N: 0.45, and PO 4-P: 0.45, indicating that the lake was mainly influenced by nutrients concentrations coming from agricultural lands. The results from cluster analysis and a dendrogram indicated that Burullus Lake was mainly influenced by spatial variations rather than seasonal changes.

Seasonal variation of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni , Cr, Sn and Al) are estimated at surface and bottom waters from 10 stations at near-shore, Alexandria coast during 2004. Salinity (16.20-39.10) and pH values (alkaline side) were also measured. The concentrations of heavy metals are at high levels in regions receiving different effluents from wastes of El-Mex region. A comparative study between the different stations was carried out to evaluate the effect of sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes discharged into some regions of Alexandria coast. Different statistical treatments were carried out to calculate the correlation coefficients between metals and the annual average variation.

This study investigated the spatial variation in the water quality parameters of Burullus Lake using multivariate analysis and MIKE21 model. The lake was classified into zone-1 at north-east (Z1), zone-2 at south-east (Z2), zone-3 at north-middle (Z3), zone-4 at south-middle (Z4), zone-5 at north-west (Z5), zone-6 at south-west (Z6), and zone-7 at west (Z7). The obtained parameters were temperature 21.5±5.0 ºC, pH 8.2±0.6, dissolved oxygen (DO) 5.9±1.0 mg/L, biological oxygen demand (BOD) 23.9±5.7 mg/L, NH3-N 2.5±0.3 mg/L, NO2-N 1.9±0.3 mg/L, NO3-N 1.2±0.3 mg/L, PO4-P 1.9±0.3 mg/L, SiO4 3.2±0.1 mg/L, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) 88.2±10.8 µg/L, and salinity 3.2±1.0 g/L. Principal component analysis showed that agricultural drainage water was the key factor influencing the water quality characteristics of Burullus Lake. Water quality index (WQI) varied between “Bad” to “Medium”, suggesting that the lake wasn’t suitable for irrigation and fish growth; however, it was appropriate for some aqu...

El Mex Bay area received domestic, industrial and agricultural waste water from the surrounding area. The need to pay much attention to the potential effects of anthropogenic inputs upon the hydrochemical characteristics of the bay is an emergency. Several water samples have been analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics during 2010/2011: Seven samples from El Mex bay and 4 samples from drains. The study revealed that pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxidizable organic matter, biological oxygen demand, and chlorophylls-a,b.c, were in the ranges 7.16-8.97; 0.3-42.04; ND-22.26 mg/L; 0.4-112.00 mg O 2 /L; 3.23-111.29 mg/L; 0.11-241.91 µg/L; 0.03-242.78 µg/L and 0.01-239.55 µg/L, respectively. The increasing organic supply introduced into the studied restricted area characterized by its relative slow rate of selfpurification results in elevation of OOM compared to previous studies. The ranges of nutrients (μM/L) were: 0.15-2815.85, 0.28-22.85, 0.2-58.42, 0.25-30.45 and 0.11-40.23 for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate and reactive silicate, respectively. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) which was used to develop water quality index (WQI) revealed that El-Dekhila Head and El Qalaa drain were the most polluted sampling sites that resulted from the disposal of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes. Depending on DIN/DIP ratio of seawater for El-Mex Bay and adjacent drains the majority of the investigated area sums to be P-limited.

This study concerns using Multivariate statistical analysis to handle the large complex datasets in lakes and use water quality index factor to estimate the water quality in lakes. This study investigated the seasonal and spatial variations of water quality parameters in Burullus Lake in Egypt as a case study. Significant seasonal changes (p &lt; 0.05) were observed in temperature, pH and phosphate (PO4-P), whereas significant spatial differences (p &lt; 0.05) were detected in pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), PO4-P, silicate (SiO4) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The water quality index (WQI) estimated using the inputs of: salinity, DO, NH4-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, and Chl-a. The (WQI) of the lake was rated as “Bad” to “Very bad”. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the first principal component (PC1: 38.78%) represented high loadings on NH4-N: 0.46, NO3N: 0.45, and PO4-P: 0.45, indicating that the lake w...

Eutrophication-related problems in the Western Harbour of Alexandria were studied monthly from April 1999 to March 2000. Variation in salinity appeared to be the key to all changes in water quality and plankton abundance in the harbour. Both at the surface and near the bottom the salinity was lower (annual average: 35.1 and 38.3 PSU respectively) than in the open sea (39 PSU). Dissolved oxygen levels indicated poor aeration conditions along the water column (2.3–3.98 mg l−1). Average pH values were approximately similar in the two layers (8.1 and 8 respectively) but exhibited different ranges of variations. Nutrient salts varied widely, often occurring in high concentrations, with ranges of 0.12–5.7 and 0.06–2.6 µM at the surface and the bottom respectively for phosphate, 0.21–20.46 and 0.25–18.12 µM for nitrate, 0.29–3.3 and 0.23–1.66 µM for nitrite, 0.56–57.46 and 2.32–43.73 µM for ammonia and 0.3–36.3 and 0.48–38.4 µM for sili-cate. As a result of nutrient enrichment, phytoplankt...

The physical characteristics (temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen), turbidity, phytoplankton biomass (Chlorophyll-a) and nutrients in the coastal waters of a stressed area of the Nile Delta were studied biweekly from January to December 2007. The results indicated that the discharged waste waters caused pronounced changes in the water quality. The surface salinity recorded a minimum of 0.3 ‰ at site IV and a maximum of 38.1 ‰ at site I. pH ranged from 7.25 at site V to 8.55 at site II, while dissolved oxygen attained the lowest concentration (0.5 mg/l) at sites IV and V, and the highest concentration (10.82 mg/l) at site II. The water turbidity demonstrated wide fluctuation between 0.2 NTU at site II and 117 NTU at site III. The nutrient salts experienced great variation throughout the area of study as well as on the time scale; nitrate showed a range of 3-1682 µg/l, nitrite: 0.42-1106.2 µg/l, ammonia displayed undetectable level as well as high concentration (1646.6 µg/l), while the total phosphorus fall within a range of 10-8260 µg/l and silicate of 40-40800 µg/l. High phytoplankton biomass was recorded over the whole area (chl. a: 0.4-197.4 µg/l). The trophic state of the study area calculated by trophic index (TRIX) appeared to be widely different, reflecting degraded and very high trophic water, except at site I which contained moderate quality and high trophic water in significant part of the year.

Eutrophication-related problems in the Western Harbour of Alexandria were studied monthly from April 1999 to March 2000. Variation in salinity appeared to be the key to all changes in water quality and plankton abundance in the harbour. Both at the surface and near the bottom the salinity was lower (annual average: 35.1 and 38.3 PSU respectively) than in the open sea (39 PSU). Dissolved oxygen levels indicated poor aeration conditions along the water column (2.3-3.98 mg l −1). Average pH values were approximately similar in the two layers (8.1 and 8 respectively) but exhibited different ranges of variations. Nutrient salts varied widely, often occurring in high concentrations, with ranges of 0.12-5.7 and 0.06-2.6 µM at the surface and the bottom respectively for phosphate, 0.21-20.46 and 0.25-18.12 µM for nitrate, 0.29-3.3 and 0.23-1.66 µM for nitrite, 0.56-57.46 and 2.32-43.73 µM for ammonia and 0.3-36.3 and 0.48-38.4 µM for silicate. As a result of nutrient enrichment, phytoplankton growth was very intensive,

The hydrography, nutrient levels and plankton abundance were investigated monthly for a complete annual cycle in the southwestern part of Abu Qir Bay, the most polluted and biologically productive area on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Intense temporal and spatial variability was observed in all measured parameters characteristic of the effects of several effluents discharged into the bay. Based on the present investigation, the southwestern Bay can be divided ecologically and biologically into two parts: one including the near shore strip, which is directly affected by the waste waters, and a second comprising the southwestern part of the coastal strip and the offshore stations, both of which are relatively far away from the land-based effluents.The Bay water was characterized by low transparency (monthly average: 64-280 cm), dissolved oxygen (monthly average 2.0-6.8 mg/l) and surface salinity (monthly average: 24.8-37.9 ppt), the highest limits usually being in the offshore sec...

Eutrophication-related problems in the Western Harbour of Alexandria were studied monthly from April 1999 to March 2000. Variation in salinity appeared to be the key to all changes in water quality and plankton abundance in the harbour. Both at the surface and near the bottom the salinity was lower (annual average: 35.1 and 38.3 PSU respectively) than in the open sea (39 PSU). Dissolved oxygen levels indicated poor aeration conditions along the water column (2.3-3.98 mg l −1). Average pH values were approximately similar in the two layers (8.1 and 8 respectively) but exhibited different ranges of variations. Nutrient salts varied widely, often occurring in high concentrations, with ranges of 0.12-5.7 and 0.06-2.6 µM at the surface and the bottom respectively for phosphate, 0.21-20.46 and 0.25-18.12 µM for nitrate, 0.29-3.3 and 0.23-1.66 µM for nitrite, 0.56-57.46 and 2.32-43.73 µM for ammonia and 0.3-36.3 and 0.48-38.4 µM for silicate. As a result of nutrient enrichment, phytoplankton growth was very intensive,

The biometric characteristics and reproductive biology of the nereid polychaete Pseudonereis anomala were studied monthly from August 2009 to July 2010 at two ecologically different sites (Abu-Qir and El-Mex) on the Alexandria coast, southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The maximum body length and weight showed different values at the two sites: 9.8 and 11.9 cm, and 0.77 and 1.3 g respectively. The formula of the length-weight relationship indicated allometric growth, whereas the regression equation between length to the 6th segment and weight reflected isometric growth. Immature individuals were the major component of the worm population at the two sites, making up 69.1% at Abu Qir and 66.9% at El Mex; the respective percentages of males and females at these sites were 5.8-8.1% and 22.8-27.3%. Spawning was observed all the year round with female fecundity conspicuously lower at Abu-Qir (annual average: 26 556 ± 999 eggs per female) than at El-Mex (annual average: 47 955 ± 2916 eggs per female). However, oocyte

The objective of this work is to study the sorption behavior of Linear Alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) onto El-Mex Bay sediments. The Bay is a part of Alexandria coast on the Mediterranean Sea located in Northern Egypt. The study showed homogenous distributions of LAS homologues in El-Mex Bay sediments. The range of the LAS concentration in sediments was between 0.370 and 0.540 µgg-1 dry solids. High total LAS concentrations in the bay sediments coincide with small amounts of DO (0.5-1.9 mgl-1) and low Eh values. The LAS homologues were usually detected between 10 and 13 carbon atoms, with C 11and C 12-LAS; they are the most adsorbed on the bay sediments. Sorption experiments on the Bay sediments were performed with different organic matter content (ranged from 0.9 to1.16%) and were applied at different pH values (3.8, 8.5 and 12). The sorption behavior of LAS on El-Mex Bay sediments is satisfactory described by the Freundlich and Stern-Graham isotherm equations. Based on the data presented in this work, the following conclusion was drawn: Sorption distribution coefficients were significantly increased with the increasing the organic matter content due to the hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl chain and organic carbon content of the sediment. LAS sorption on sediments was strongly affected by pH and decreased with increasing pH value for each sediment sample which can be attributed either to electrostatic interactions or to specific chemical interactions.

The Alexandria coastal water and Abu Qir Bay are subjected to Spatio-temporal variations in their primary productivity and physical-chemical properties both on a short and long-term basis because of continuous and ever-increasing discharge of organic and inorganic from urban supplies and sewage collection systems.
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, expressing phytoplankton biomass, is considered a good indicator of the water's trophic state. In the present study, the average daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual means of reading of Chl-a were obtained between 2000 and 2019 from multi-satellite sensors to characterize the Spatio-temporal variation of phytoplankton in the Egyptian coastal area.
Our results showed that phytoplankton anomalies varied spatially and temporally. The study recorded a remarkable increase of Chl-a during the period from May to September (spring and summer) each year, summer readings were higher than spring. Annual Chl-a data showed an upward tow trend, the first was from the year 2000 to 2010, the second and the highest trend was from 2011 to 2019, occurs after the revolution of January 25, 2011. Overall, the study period of Chl-a reaches its maximum values (35 mg/m3) during 2015 at Abu Qir Bay and 40 mg/m3 at El-Max Bay during 2019. The Chl-a concentration was high and more pronounced near the outlets of the Egyptian coastal lakes and urban outfalls, especially at El-Max Bay and Abu Qir Bay compared to the Alexandria shore area. There was a very low positive correlation between the Chl-a and sea surface temperature (SST), on the other hand, the correlation between Chl-a and the diffuse attenuation coefficient KD_(490) seems to be strongly positive and it was strongest with Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as the correlation between Chl-a and nitrate and phosphate was strongly positive.

The method used was the survey method. The results showed that, at the surface level, the temperature ranged between (28.14±0.52 and 30.61±1.76)°C, transparency between (0.38±0.12 and 0.65±0.06) m, dissolved oxygen (DO) was between 1.92±1.10 and 5.7± 2.55 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was between 42.22±9.86 and 54.09±15.89, nitrate between (0.047±0.009 and 0.05±0.015) mg / L, phosphate of (0.015±0.002 and 0.022± 0.004) mg / L and pH was between 7.11± 0.27 and 7.33 ±0.34. Meanwhile at the Secchi depth values of the temperature ranged between (2.93±0.71 and 29.96 ±1.71)°C, DO was 1.14 ±0.90 and 3.37±1.63 mg / L, nitrate was 0.045±0.008 and 0.056±0.019 mg / L, phosphate was 0.016±0.003 and 0.035± 0.043 mg / L and pH was between 6.68± 0.33 and 7.11 ±0.28. Based on these values water quality parameters except COD in Situ Gunung Putri is still at the optimal range for aquatic organisms.