Numerical Simulations

We present numerical simulations which support the formal asymptotic analysis relating a multi order parameter Allen{Cahn system to a multi phase interface problem with curvature dependent evolution of the interfaces and angle conditions at triple junctions. Within the gradient energy of the Allen{Cahn system, the normal to an interface between phases i and j is modeled by the irreducible representations (u i ru j ? u j ru i )=ju i ru j ? u j ru i j, where u i and u j are the i{th and j{th components of the vectorial order parameter u 2 IR N . In the vectorial case, the dependence of the limiting surface tensions and mobilities on the bulk potentials of the Allen{Cahn system is not given explicitly, but in terms of all the N components of the planar stationary wave solutions. One of the issues of this paper is to nd bulk potentials which allow a rather easy access to the resulting surface tensions and mobilities. We compare numerical computations for planar and circular phase boundaries in two and three phase systems. The di erence is, that in a three phase system, the third phase generally will be present in the interfacial region between two other phases. We demonstrate how this in uences the solutions. In addition, we calculate the evolution of triple and quadruple junctions in three and four phase systems. Finally, we show a simulation of grain growth starting from many grains initially.

Zusammenfassung Die RMB-Theorie (Raum-Materie-Bewegung) wird in RMB V um die vollständigen mathematischen Herleitungen der in RMB IV definierten fraktalen Resonanzkorrekturen und Feldkoppelungen erweitert. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der exakten Dimensionsanalyse der Kopplungskonstanten α RMB , β RMB , κ RMB , der Dynamik des Bewegungstensors M µν sowie der Implementierung der fraktalen Fourier-Korrekturen nach Cairo (2025). Darüber hinaus wird ein konsistenter Hamilton-und Pfadintegralformalismus entwickelt, um die Quantisierung durch Gravonons im Kontext des Standardmodells zu ermöglichen. Experimentelle Vorhersagen für Casimir-Effekte, Flyby-Anomalien und 21 cm-Linien werden konsistent hergeleitet. RMB V bildet damit die notwendige Brücke von RMB IV zur vollständigen empirischen Validierung.

We examine the nonlinear dynamics of charged particles in the double‐hump current sheets that develop during the late growth phase of substorms. We focus on particles for which the adiabaticity parameter κ (defined as the square root of the minimum curvature radius to maximum Larmor radius ratio) is of the order of unity. We show that as in the case of a simple parabolic field reversal, the magnetic moment scattering experienced by these particles may be described as the result of perturbation of the gyromotion by an impulsive centrifugal force. Here however the double‐hump structure of the current sheet leads to two successive centrifugal perturbations, which has a significant impact on the net change of magnetic moment. In a single‐hump current sheet, three distinct regimes of magnetic moment variations are obtained for a given value of κ, namely, systematic enhancement at small pitch angles, negligible change at large pitch angles, and in between either damping or enhancement dep...

The knowledge of the ground thermal properties, and in particular the ground thermal conductivity is fundamental for the correct sizing of the Ground Coupled Heat Pump (GCHP) plant. The Thermal Response Test (TRT) is the most used experimental technique for estimating the ground thermal conductivity. This paper presents an experimental setup aimed to realise a suitable scale prototype of the real borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and the surrounding ground for reduced scale TRT experiments. The scaled ground volume is realised with a slate block. Numerical analyses were carried out to correctly determine suitable geometric and operational parameters for the present setup. The scaled heat exchanger, inserted into the block, is created with additive technology (3D printer) and equipped with a central electrical heater along its entire depth and with temperature sensors at different radial distances and depths. Present measurements highlight the possibility to reliably perform a TRT experi...

Bolt reinforcement is a standard reinforcement method for jointed rock masses. However, regarding rock anchoring, the mechanical characteristics of the joint surface, as well as the angle between the bolt and the joint sliding surface, are important factors that affect rock support. Therefore, to understand the influence of a set angle, length, normal load, and other conditions that affect the shear strength of bolt joints, this study uses numerical software to establish the shear sliding model of bolt rock masses and analyzes the influence of the setting conditions of the bolt on the shear strength of a bolt rock mass, which can be done by changing the setting method of the bolt and normal mechanical conditions of the sliding surface. The results show that the shear strength of the anchor joint is not affected after the anchor reaches a certain length. The angle of the anchor strongly influences the shear strength of the anchor joint, and the shear strength curve is V-shaped, where the anchor angle is less than 90°. Moreover, the shear strength curve indicates a downward trend when the anchor angle is greater than 90°, and the shear strength of the anchorage joint increases with the increase of the normal load. Under the same anchor length (4 cm) in the anchor angle and shear strength coordinate system, the shear strength curve of the single anchor is above the shear strength curve of the double anchor, which is exclusively in the local anchor angle section under the condition of a large normal load and a large anchor angle. The shear strength curve of the double anchor is above the shear strength curve of the single anchor.

Background. Several mathematical representations of contagious disease COVID-19 were evolved in order to capture the pragmatic aspect of unfurling of the disease. It is learned that individuals who became receptive were infected with a rate proportional to the fraction of the individuals affected by the infection, in the comprehensive population as well as the infected individuals recuperate at a sustained rate. It is also observed that in the SIR model, all contacts impart the disease with an identical probability. Objective. We will estimate the dynamic epidemic behaviour of inflected population for India with the use of fractional-order SIR simulations and compare our results with the results obtained for extrapolated actual cases of the infected people. Methods. We have obtained the approximate solutions of the fractional-order Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered model within the framework of the modified Riemann -Liouville fractional differential operator using a new iterative fractional complex transform technique. Results. The optimal values of the fractional-order SIR model parameters were identified with the use of the New Iterative Method. The dynamic incident rate with high and low reproduction number is predicted as well as the illustrated graphical with actual data is provided. To sum, the fractional calculus model for a complex system proposed here is just an indication to show what might happen if we do not control the reproduction number in the community. Conclusions. The control measures that have already been found like swift surveillance, quarantine and social distancing means, such as face masks and closures, assisted in curtailing coronavirus transmissionestimated by the average number of people each infected individual infects, or reproduction number, to close to the level of 1 in each month.

This paper introduces the Operator Norm Stability (ONS) theorem, a novel mathematical framework designed to guarantee that approximate operators in quantum and dynamical systems preserve compatibility with the underlying Hamiltonian as approximations refine. Using operator norm estimates and commutator bounds, the theorem addresses fundamental challenges in numerical simulations of quantum master equations, where approximations can disrupt spectral and dynamical properties critical for physical consistency. We derive a generalized master equation for open quantum systems, establish rigorous commutator bounds using fractional Schatten norms, and prove stability in the operator norm topology. The strength of the framework lies in employing fractional Schatten norms for perturbation analysis, ensuring enhanced robustness against noise and discretization errors in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. ONS ensures that approximations remain physically meaningful, avoiding artificial decoherence or spectral drift that plague conventional numerical methods. Applications span quantum computing, open system dynamics, quantum control theory, and noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Comprehensive proofs, numerical examples, and comparative analyses validate the theorem's theoretical rigor and practical efficacy, demonstrating error reduction by factors of 10 compared to standard Trotterization methods.

In this paper, we study the dynamic frictional contact of a viscoelastic beam with a deformable obstacle. The beam is assumed to be situated horizontally and to move, in both horizontal and tangential directions, by the effect of applied forces. The left end of the beam is clamped and the right one is free. Its horizontal displacement is constrained because of the presence of a deformable obstacle, the so-called foundation, which is modelled by a normal compliance contact condition. The effect of the friction is included in the vertical motion of the free end, by using Tresca's law or Coulomb's law. In both cases, the variational formulation leads to a nonlinear variational equation for the horizontal displacement coupled with a nonlinear variational inequality for the vertical displacement. We recall an existence and uniqueness result. Then, by using the finite element method to approximate the spatial variable and an Euler scheme to discretize the time derivatives, a numerical scheme is proposed. Error estimates on the approximative solutions are derived. Numerical results demonstrate the application of the proposed algorithm.

A local scour is the removal of bed material from around the pier of the bridge. This bed removal is considered a big problem and is of great concern for hydraulic engineers. They should find economic solutions for this problem. The exaggerated local scour around bridge piers leads to many problems for the whole bridge structure, such as stability problems that may lead to the bridge's destruction. This paper aims to verify the scour depth around different shapes of uniform bridge piers for different flow conditions than those done by previous researchers using different prediction models. Where the consistency of previous experimental investigations is verified by multiple nonlinear regression analysis (MNLR), Gene Expression Programming (GEP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. In the comparison of values that were measured and predicted by the four models (CFD, MNLR, ANN, and Gene), it is seen that the ANN model has the ability to predict the Ys/b values higher than other models used in relation to the measured values. This makes the ANN model superior in predicting the Ys/b value over the other used models, followed by the Gene model. In comparison, the values of the R 2 and RMSE for the four models that were used in this study, for the Ys/b model using the ANN had a value of 0.9978 and 0.0147, respectively, while those for the Ys/b model using the Gene model were 0.9800 and 0.0375, respectively.

We provide a preliminary study of a Graphene fractal antenna operating at THz frequencies with the opportunity to modulate the emission. There are many advantages of the fractal design, namely multiband/wideband ability, and, a smaller, lighter and simpler configuration for higher gain, that can benefit from the coupling with Graphene, the thinnest and strongest of materials exhibiting very high electrical conductivity and tunability. This paper proposes a conceptual background for the study and presents some preliminary results on the electromagnetic emission simulations undertaken.

We study dividend maximization with set ruin probability targets for an insurance company whose surplus is modelled by a diffusion perturbed classical risk process. The company is permitted to enter into proportional or excess-of-loss reinsurance arrangements. By applying stochastic control theory, we derive Volterra integral equations and solve numerically using block-by-block methods. In each of the models, we have established the optimal barrier to use for paying dividends provided the ruin probability does not exceed a predetermined target. Numerical examples involving the use of both light-and heavy-tailed distributions are given. The results show that ruin probability targets result in an improvement in the optimal barrier to be used for dividend payouts. This is the case for light-and heavy-tailed distributions and applies regardless of the risk model used.

Bridge pier scouring is an important issue of any bridge design work. If it is not taken into account properly, then results will be disastrous. A number of bridges have failed due to clear water local scouring of piers. This research paper presents a numerical model study in which an attempt has been made to explore the flow variables which exist in and around a scoured bridge pier. A finite volume based model of bridge pier was developed using 3D (Three Dimensional) numerical code FLUENT and GAMBIT. After validation process, different discharge values were considered and its impact on three dimensional characteristics of flow such as stream-wise velocities on longitudinal and transverse sections, turbulance circulation cells, and boundary shear stresses was investigated. It was observed that increasing the discharge results in more turbulance around the pier on its downstream side and turbulence properties are intensified in such a situation. However, the primary velocities on the downstream side remain almost unchanged. The results have been presented in the form of contours, vector of primary velocities and x-y plots of bed shear stresses. This study can be used for enhanced understanding of flow features and improvement of formulae for prediction of scour holes around piers.

A set of formulas emphasizing accuracy was developed to describe raindrops' and ice particles' fall speed for use in multi-moment microphysical parameterizations applying gamma-type size distributions. The formulas considered fall speed's variation with particle properties (size, density, and shape) and air density based on a robust theoretical framework. Root-mean-square errors from these formulas are about 1.4% and 4%, respectively, for raindrops and ice particles. Most deviations are within ±3% for raindrops and 8% for ice particles under a wide range of particle properties and atmospheric conditions. The accuracy is significantly higher than existing formulas applied in meteorological models. One-dimensional dynamic model tests considering only the raindrop sedimentation process indicate that our formulas can properly simulate the vertical profiles of raindrops' three moments compared to the numerically integrated theoretical values. All three moments evolved consistently in time and space, with the gravitational sorting effect revealed by the faster sedimentation in the higher moments. Other less accurate formulas either misplaced the peak raindrop content's altitude or produced substantial vertical spread.

Throughout history, victory in war has rarely belonged to the largest or most powerful. Instead, success favours those who adapt—to terrain, to technology, to evolving circumstances. This creates a classical dynamic: the struggle between dinosaurs and insects. The dinosaurs, powerful and imposing but inflexible, often fall before the smaller, nimbler insects, whose survival lies in their adaptability.
The enduring truth remains: Victory belongs not to the strongest but to the most adaptable. Whether in the snowy plains of Russia, the deserts of the Middle East, or the digital battlefields of cyberspace, survival will continue to favour those who evolve faster than their enemies.

Atherosclerosis begins as an inflammation in blood vessels walls (intima). Antiinflammatory response of the organism leads to the recruitment of monocytes. Trapped in the intima, they differentiate into macrophages and foam cells leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and further recruitment of white blood cells. This self-accelerating process, strongly influenced by low-density lipoproteins (cholesterol), results in a dramatic increase of the width of blood vessel walls, formation of an atherosclerotic plaque and, possibly, of its rupture. We suggest a 2D mathematical model of the initiation and development of atherosclerosis which takes into account the concentration of blood cells inside the intima and of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The model represents a reaction-diffusion system in a strip with nonlinear boundary conditions which describe the recruitment of monocytes as a function of the concentration of inflammatory cytokines. We prove the existence of travelling waves described by this system and confirm our previous results which show that atherosclerosis develops as a reaction-diffusion wave. The theoretical results are confirmed by the results of numerical simulations.

Heavy rainfalls over 50 mm/hr have been observed frequently in the last decade in Japan. If a sewage system in urban area could not drain such rains, flood water would be flooding and flowing into underground spaces such as subway or basement of building. As the area of underground space is limited, flood water fills up the area in a short time. It is very dangerous situation and people should evacuate from there as soon as possible in order to save their life. To draw up an evacuation plan, it is important to assess the safety of evacuating route. In this paper, the method of safety assessment on the evacuating route is discussed on the basis of experimental results and flood simulation data in an underground space. In order to assess the safety on an evacuating route, the value of the specific force per unit width, M=0.125m 2 , is used in this study, of which value has been obtained in the previous work. Using the relation between M values and evacuating speed, the assessment of safety on evacuating routes during underground flooding has been carried out well and the data for preparing an evacuation plan have been shown. The data are very useful for the people to evacuate from when and through which route.

Land- and sea-breezes are attracting increasing interest for wind energy applications. While these thermally-driven winds are weaker than synoptic winds, their high regularity makes them appealing for the renewable energy sector. In this study, we simulate breezes using a simple model based solely on temperature and terrain roughness data. The simulation focuses on the Llobregat river delta, in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, using temperature measurements from a meteorological mast at four different heights. The mast is also equipped with two anemometers. Daily wind profiles were collected during more than a year, and a day characterized by thermal winds was selected for detailed analysis.
Numerical simulations of breezes were conducted using the open-source computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM v2312. The influence of roughness on the simulation results was examined. Vertical temperature profiles and velocity magnitudes of breezes were obtained and compared with observations. Results demonstrate that the input of terrain roughness and temperature allow a reliable qualitative study of sea-breezes. They also indicate a significant sensitivity of the thermal boundary layer to roughness height. Although the impact of roughness on wind speed intensity is lower, increase in roughness leads to a reduction in wind speed and earlier sea-breeze onset.

To protect karst spring water resources, catchments must be known. We have developed a method for correlating spring hydrographs with newly available, high‐resolution, satellite‐based Global Precipitation Measurement data to rapidly and remotely locate recharge areas. We verify the method using a synthetic comparison of ground‐based rain gage data with the satellite precipitation data set. Application to karst springs is proven by correlating satellite data with hydrographs from well‐known springs with published catchments in Europe and North America. Application to an unknown‐catchment spring in Pennsylvania suggests distant recharge, requiring a flow path that crosses topographic divides, as well as multiple lithologies, physiographic provinces, and tectonic boundaries. Although surprising, this latter result is consistent with published geologic/geophysical, monitoring well, and stream gage data. We conclude that the method has considerable potential to improve the speed and accu...

A clear understanding of the mechanism responsible for large amplitude shock pulsations ahead of a hemispherical cavity in supersonic flow is brought out for the first time in this article. This has applications in supersonic parachute decelerators during atmospheric descent stage of aerospace vehicles. A cell centered finite volume code FaSTAR is used to solve the full Navier Stokes equations on a hemispherical shell facing a Mach 4.0 supersonic free stream. The numerical method is validated against experimental results of Kawamura and Mizukaki . First, flow configuration A appears consisting of an axisymmteric shock that undergoes low amplitude oscillations. This flow transitions to flow configuration B that has an asymmetric shock structure, and undergoes large amplitude nonstationary shock pulsations. The shock distance in flow configuration B is 1.

получена 2 ноября 2017 Аннотация. Рассматривается задача проверки допустимости конфигураций модульных вычислительных систем реального времени (МВС РВ). Конфигурация считается допустимой, если все работы успевают выполниться на МВС РВ в рамках своих директивных интервалов. Предложена обобщенная модель функционирования МВС РВ и метод построения на её основе модели для конкретной конфигурации. Модель представляет собой сеть временных автоматов с остановкой таймеров. По вычислению сети автоматов предлагается строить временную диаграмму (ВД) функционирования МВС РВ, необходимую для проверки допустимости. В работе обосновывается корректность предложенного подхода. Из спецификаций на МВС РВ был выделен ряд требований, применимых к моделям МВС РВ и их компонентов на выбранном уровне абстракции. Модели считаются корректными, если удовлетворяют этим требованиям. Доказано, что если все модели компонентов системы удовлетворяют соответствующим требованиям, то модель МВС РВ, построенная согласно предложенному подходу, удовлетворяет требованиям к модели системы в целом (то есть корректна), а также является детерминированной. Под детерминированностью понимается однозначность построения ВД сети автоматов, соответствующей заданной конфигурации. Это позволяет использовать для проверки допустимости конфигурации любое вычисление соответствующей сети автоматов, что крайне важно для эффективности предложенного подхода, так как число возможных вычислений сети автоматов растет экспоненциально с числом работ в системе. Выполнение требований корректности к моделям компонентов системы может быть проверено автоматически с использованием верификатора и подхода автоматов-наблюдателей. Все разработанные нами модели компонентов системы удовлетворяют соответствующим требованиям, что было доказано с помощью верификатора UPPAAL. Если пользовательские модели компонентов системы удовлетворяют требованиям корректности, то они могут быть включены в модель МВС РВ, которая при этом останется корректной и детерминированной.

Background Microelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (µEIS) is a tiny device that utilizes fluid as a working medium in combination with biological cells to extract various electrical parameters. Dielectric parameters of biological cells are essential parameters that can be extracted using µEIS. µEIS has many advantages, such as portability, disposable sensors, and high-precision results.

We consider a Dirichlet-Neumann boundary problem in a bounded domain for scalar conservation laws. We construct an approximate solution to the problem via an elliptic approximation for which, under appropriate assumptions, we prove that the corresponding limit satisfies the considered equation in the interior of the domain. The basic tool is the compensated compactness method. We also provide numerical examples.

Background: Individual-based biophysical larval models, initialized and parameterized by observations, enable numerical investigations of various factors regulating survival of young fish until they recruit into the adult population. Exponentially decreasing numbers in Northeast Arctic cod and Norwegian Spring Spawning herring early changes emphasizes the importance of early life history, when ichthyoplankton exhibit pelagic free drift. However, while most studies are concerned with past recruitment variability it is also important to establish real-time predictions of ichthyoplankton distributions due to the increasing human activity in fish habitats and the need for distribution predictions that could potentially improve field coverage of ichthyoplankton. Methodology/Principal Findings: A system has been developed for operational simulation of ichthyoplankton distributions. We have coupled a two-day ocean forecasts from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute with an individual-based ichthyoplankton model for Northeast Arctic cod and Norwegian Spring Spawning herring producing daily updated maps of ichthyoplankton distributions. Recent years observed spawning distribution and intensity have been used as input to the model system. The system has been running in an operational mode since 2008. Surveys are expensive and distributions of early stages are therefore only covered once or twice a year. Comparison between model and observations are therefore limited in time. However, the observed and simulated distributions of juvenile fish tend to agree well during early fall. Area-overlap between modeled and observed juveniles September 1 st range from 61 to 73%, and 61 to 71% when weighted by concentrations. Conclusions/Significance: The model system may be used to evaluate the design of ongoing surveys, to quantify the overlap with harmful substances in the ocean after accidental spills, as well as management planning of particular risky operations at sea. The modeled distributions are already utilized during research surveys to estimate coverage success of sampled biota and immediately after spills from ships at sea.

Through this research we have studied the influence of the closure of the balconies on the temperature and humidity. Three residential apartments with enclosed balconies are monitored simultaneously over two periods: a colder one in March and a warmer one in May providing an overview of the thermal performance of a balcony relative to the interior. The results of the balcony#1 simulations made with the Trnsys 17 software show a good energy saving in the cold period, but higher cooling consumption in warm weather.The total energy demand difference between closed and open balconies is about 840 kWh. The simulation also showed us the close connection between the temperature in the balcony and the solar radiation that both grow and decrease simultaneously. At the end of the two campaigns, we came to the conclusion that a closed and thermally rehabilitated balcony is the best solution, being proven to have a winter advantage, the difference between the outdoor temperature and the balcony...

Abstr act The main objective of this paper is to give more insight on colloids deposition and re-entrainment in presence of a rough surface. Experiments on retention and release of colloids in a porous medium are first presented. The influence of physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions is investigated. The experimental results cannot be qualitatively interpreted using the DLVO theory and knowledges at pore scale are then needed. A 3D numerical simulation approach at the pore scale is therefore proposed where the motion of colloids is solved in presence of collector surfaces bearing various kinds of asperities and by taking into account physico-chemical interactions calculated at each time step during colloid movement. It is obviously observed that both deposition and mobilization of particles are dependent on solution chemistry and hydrodynamic conditions and are significantly affected by the form and size of the local roughness of the pore surface. Therefore, depending on solution ionic strength and surface topography, colloids may be adsorbed or not and when a particle is retained an increase of flow strength is then needed to remove it and such an increase is specific to the location of occurrence of the adsorption step. In general, simulation results allow us to explain our experimental results that show that by steeply increasing the flow strength, more and more fractions of particles retained inside the porous medium are released until all particles are removed.

When dam overtopping produces rectangular free jets that discharge into plunge pool basins below the dam, the pressure and velocity distributions of the flow in the plunge pool must be estimated to evaluate potential scour that might destabilize the dam. The high turbulence and aeration phenomena that appear in falling jets and dissipation basins make it difficult to carry out studies based only on classical methodologies. This work addresses plunge pool flows, and compares numerical results against our own experiments. Instantaneous pressures, velocities and air entrainment were obtained with the use of piezoresistive transducers, Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter and optical fiber, respectively. Mean velocity field and turbulence kinetic energy profiles were determined. To identify the level of reliability of models, numerical simulations were carried out by using the “homogeneous” model of ANSYS CFX, together with different turbulence closures. The numerical results fall fairly close ...

ABSTRAK Beton terbentuk dari suatu campuran yang mengeras dari semen, air, agregat halus dan agregat kasar. Pada struktur beton bertulang terdapat berbagai keunggulan yang dihasilkan dari penggabungan dua material yaitu beton dan baja sebagai tulangan. Seperti yang telah diketahui, keunggulan dari beton adalah kuat tekannya yang tinggi, sementara baja tulangan sangat baik untuk menahan gaya tarik dan geser. Penggabungan dari material beton dan baja akan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk menahan gaya tekan, tarik, dan geser sehingga struktur menjadi lebih kuat dan aman. Penampang yang banyak diteliti ada yang berupa penampang lingkaran, penampang bentuk T, bentuk I dan lainnya. Pada tugas akhir ini penulis akan menganalisis pengaruh flens bawah penampang I balok beton bertulang untuk menahan lentur dengan menggunakan program RCCSA (Reinforced Concrete Cross Section Analysis) dan RESPONSE 2000 untuk memudahkan dalam penampilan data dan grafik. Sehingga dapat terlihat dengan jelas perbedaan...

This paper presents a new approach to analyzing the controllability of fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations with state-dependent delay, characterized by the Caputo fractional derivative and governed by a semigroup of compact and analytic operators. Controllability results are derived using Schauder's fixed point theorem, addressing the challenges of fractional dynamics and state-dependent delays. A key innovation in this study is the integration of theoretical analysis with advanced computational methods, specifically Physics-Informed neural networks, to approximate solutions and verify controllability conditions. To validate the theoretical findings, a detailed example is provided, along with numerical simulations that confirm the convergence of solutions. Graphical representations offer additional insights into the solution dynamics, enhancing the understanding of the system's behavior. By combining mathematical rigor with machine learning techniques, this work establishes a computational framework for tackling complex fractional systems, paving the way for further exploration of their controllability.

The Bridgman furnace is widely used in industry and research. This paper outlines a working 1-dimensional model for tracking the columnar solidification front in a Bridgman furnace where the pulling velocity, and hence front position, change as a function of time. The front tracking model is applied to a fixed grid of control volumes using an explicit numerical finite difference scheme to solve the heat equation over a finite domain. The model is demonstrated by way of a notional scenario, namely, Bridgman furnace solidification of a 16-mm diameter rod of Al-7wt.%Si. The results show how the evolution of temperature distribution, thermal history, and front position are affected by a step change in pulling velocity.

This paper presents numerical simulations for the transmission dynamics of avian influenza using the model formulated and analysed by Kimbir etal (2014). It is proved that the disease free equilibrium state is locally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction number is less than unity. The implication is that if the reproduction number is less than unity, the infection is controlled or eradicated and the disease persists otherwise. The numerical simulations are consistent with the local stability of the disease-free states. The simulations further reveals that the infection transmission rate constitutes an essential parameter for an epidemic to occur, thus efforts should be geared at bringing the infection transmission to the lowest level in order to ensure eradication. It was also shown from the study that increasing culling of infected birds, will reduce the disease progression within the birds' population thereby, reducing the transmission of avian influenza. Effective isolation of infected individuals without culling is vital to eradicating the disease transmission, but a combined effective use of culling of infected birds and isolation of infected humans is a strong control measure against pandemics.

Rheological behavior of fibre-filled polymer melts at low shear rate Part II. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION **) Summary -In this study, rheological properties of carbon fibre-filled polypropylene and polyethylene melts at low shear rate were measured using a cone-plate rheometer. The melts with high fibre loading show complex shear flow depending on the fibre concentration, its length and length distribution, as well as on shear rate and matrix characteristics. The existence of yield stress and time-dependent or shear-strain-dependent properties are also discussed and compared with previous results. The shear flow in the narrow gap of cone-plate rheometer influences the fibre assembly. However, the effect of low shear rate on the structure of fibre assembly is negligible.

The objective of this paper is to present 3-D numerical and experimental study of the effect of blade angle on the cavitation phenomenon. The numerical computation in cavitating flow carried out using the Navier-Stokes code (CFD-ACE+ 2008) is presented. The governing equations are discretized on a structured grid using an upwind difference scheme. The numerical simulation used the standard K-ε turbulence model to account for the turbulence effect. Pressure distribution and vapor volume fraction were obtained numerically at variable blade angles. Also the performance curve of the axial pump was obtained at variable blade angles 60°, 70° and 80°. The numerical and experimental results showed that the cavitation phenomenon appeared at blade angle 60° only. The computational code has been validated by comparing the predicted numerical results with the experimental ones. Besides, the predicted void growth and cavitation distribution on the impeller blade agreed with those visualized with high speed camera.

This paper presents an experimental and three-dimensional numerical study of unsteady, turbulent, void growth and cavitation simulation inside the passage of the axial flow pump. In this study a 3D Navier-Stokes code was used (CFDRC, 2008) to model the two-phase flow field around a four blades axial pump. The governing equations are discretized on a structured grid using an upwind difference scheme. The numerical simulation used the standard K-e turbulence model to account for the turbulence effect. The numerical simulation of void growth and cavitation in an axial pump was studied under unsteady calculating. Pressure distribution and vapor volume fraction were completed versus time at different condition. The computational code has been validated by comparing the predicated numerical results with the experiment. The predicted of cavitation growth and distribution on the impeller blade also agreed with that visualized of high speed camera.

Driven granular gases present rich dynamical behaviors. Due to inelastic collisions, particles may form dense and slow regions. These clusters emerge naturally during a cooling phenomenon but another dynamical clustering is observed when the system is continuously excited. In this paper, the physical processes that trigger the transition from a granular gas to a dynamical cluster are evidenced through numerical simulations. At the granular scale, the transition is evidenced by the observation of caging effects. At the scale of the system, the transition is emphasized by density fluctuations. Physical arguments, based on relaxation times, provide an analytical prediction for the edge between dynamical regimes.

SCORE -Sustainability of using Ria Formosa Currents On Renewable Energy production -proposes to test for the first time on Portuguese waters a floatable tidal energy converter (TEC), the Evopod 1:10th scale 1kW (E1) prototype from OceanFlow Energy Ltd. The innovative aspect of TEC testing in Portugal lies with the unique morphological characteristics associated with the device deployment site at Ria Formosa, a coastal lagoon protected by a multi-inlet barrier system located in southern Portugal. It is therefore ideal to analyse both the energy extraction efficiency and eventual impacts that extracting energy from the flowing currents will have on the ecological communities and physical settings of a shallow-water estuarine environment.

Supplementary Figure 2. High-resolution true color digital photography of Core Segments A) 74Q-1-A-30-36cm, containing Mo-rich zeolitic silty clay; B) 23Y-2-A-11-17cm, containing low-Mo zeolitic laminated silty clay; C) 25Y-1-A-74-80cm, composed of bedded trona (all trona in field of view); D) 58Y-2-A-106-112cm, containing low-Mo zeolitic mud overlying chert. Scale markers indicate depth (cm) below top of core segment. zeolitic mud chert Supplementary Table . Analytical geochemistry data from Core HSPDP-MAG14-2A. For those not detected values, the limit of detection is given. Analytical error was estimated with reference to USGS standards as <4% for As and V, <3% for Mo and Zr, and <2% for TiO2, La, and Lu. For statistical analyses, non-detected values were treated as one half the detection limits, which were 2.0 mg/kg for As, Mo, and Zr, 5.0 mg/kg for V, 0.005 wt% for TiO2, 0.2 mg/kg for La, and 0.05 mg/kg for Lu. Other alternatives for treating results below the limit of detection have a negligible impact on the results shown in Figures and due to the logarithmic scales of concentrations. Core Depth Label (HSPDP-MAG14-2A-) Depth (meters below surface) and lithology As (mg/kg) Mo (mg/kg) V (mg/kg) Zr (mg/kg) TiO2 (wt %) La (mg/kg) Lu (mg/kg) S (wt%)

Passive systems are becoming increasingly popular among designers, which is reflected in their frequent use in the construction of modern buildings. The prevailing material in façade design is glass which enables i.a. photothermal conversion of solar energy either in the so-called direct systems or in one of a number of the collector-and-storage Trombe wall variants. In order to estimate how the aforementioned passive solutions affect the energy balance of a building, the efficiency of such solutions needs to be determined first. This paper presents the research proposal that would use a simple-structure laboratory simulator. The proposed method is based on the analogy of supplying heat into the TW itself with an internal heat source. In order to simulate the absorption of solar radiation that takes place in the absorber, the heat was produced by the heating cable embedded in such an absorber. The results of tests carried out according to one of the Design of Experiments (DOE) metho...

chapter will also serve as a guide to discuss and help select the appropriate model for different processes of interest in rivers, emphasizing challenges that future research should address. The chapter is organized as follows: in section 1.2 we provide a brief review of the most common modeling frameworks and describe examples of successful applications in river flows; in section 1.3 we discuss the reasoning behind the selection of a modeling approach, and suggest guidelines for choosing the best approach for the problem of interest; in section 1.4 we focus on future challenges, especially the prospects for using more detailed, computationally intensive models to inform less detailed ones that can potentially cover greater time/space scales and/or be run multiple times; in section 1.5 we summarize ideas and formulate questions to advance toward a synthesis of models that can contribute to understanding natural processes in rivers.

Directive-based programming models are one solution for exploiting many-core coprocessors to increase simulation rates in molecular dynamics. They offer the potential to reduce code complexity with offload models that can selectively target computations to run on the CPU, the coprocessor, or both. In this paper, we describe modifications to the LAMMPS molecular dynamics code to enable concurrent calculations on a CPU and coprocessor. We demonstrate that standard molecular dynamics algorithms can run efficiently on both the CPU and a x86-based coprocessor using the same subroutines. As a consequence, we demonstrate that code optimizations for the coprocessor also result in speedups on the CPU; in extreme cases up to 4.7X. We provide results for LAMMPS benchmarks and for production molecular dynamics simulations using the Stampede hybrid supercomputer with both Intel R Xeon Phi TM coprocessors and Nvidia GPUs. The optimizations presented have increased simulation rates by over 2X for organic molecules and over 7X for liquid crystals on Stampede. The optimizations are available as part of the "Intel package" supplied with LAMMPS.

We show unequivocal evidence for formation of 𝐻𝑒 2 * excimers in liquid He II created by ionizing radiation produced through neutron capture. Laser beams induced fluorescence of the excimers. The fluorescence was recorded at a rate of 55.6 Hz by a camera. The location of fluorescence was determined with an uncertainty of 5 m. The technique provides an opportunity to record the flow of 𝐻𝑒 2 * excimers in a medium with very small viscosity and enables measurement of turbulence around macroscopic liter size objects or vortex matter in three dimensions.

Polar codes are regarded as a major breakthrough in modern channel coding since they are capacity-achieving using simple successive cancellation (SC) decoding. However, this is only possible with significantly large code lengths which may not be applicable for many systems. In this paper, we focus on short length polar codes and present a method which can enhance the performance of the successive cancellation decoder. For the purpose of analysis, we discuss the SC code tree and show how the proposed method can improve the performance by increasing the computational nodes in the code tree. The results quantify the achieved performance improvement over the conventional SC decoder.

This research explores the possibility of creating an underground water reservoir by injecting treated wastewater and evaluates the recovery efficiency and water quality under different injection/recovery scenarios. An injection/recovery well was established in the Dammam Formation aquifer in Kuwait. Six observation wells were also drilled nearby to monitor the water levels and quality. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical hydraulic and transport model was set up using the coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS. Four scenarios of cyclic and continuous injection with different injection and pumping rates stretching over 5,400 days were investigated. Two dispersivity values, low (10 m) and high (200 m), were used in each scenario in order to establish the minimum and maximum recovery limits of useful water that can be expected from the site. The combination of injection rate of 650 m3/d and subsequent recovery at 1,000 m3/d proved to be the optimum option for the storage of water, result...

To reduce near wellbore fracture complexity in continental laminated shales, in-plane perforations completion technology is introduced. The global embedded cohesive elements are capable to simulating arbitrary fracture propagation growth while the laminae effects on fracture propagation path can be considered in established finite element model. Numerical simulations reflect that the existence of weak micro fractures only locally alter the fracture propagation path but laminae can change the fracture propagation path greatly. Furthermore, the in-situ stress anisotropy, pump rate, perforation intersection angle and perforation angle with laminae are critical factors for affecting the fracture propagation path and breakdown pressure. There is a great impact of laminae on the fracture branching at the contact interface and hydraulic fracture tends to cross laminae at high approaching angle but propagate horizontally along laminae at low approaching angle. In most cases, hydraulic fract...

A dual-channel credit-card-sized impedance cell counter featuring a throughput of 2000 cell/s and detection of single yeast cells (5 μm) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB is presented. Its compactness is achieved by a CMOS ASIC combining a lock-in impedance demodulator with an oversampling 20-bit ADC and real-time peak detection embedded in field-programmable gate ar-ray. The module is coupled to a dielectrophoretic cell-sorting mi-crofluidic device, offering compact and label-free electrical readout that replaces the need for a fluorescence microscope and, thus, is suitable for pointof-care diagnostics. The independent role of each dimension of the planar sensing microelectrodes is demonstrated, with simulations and experiments, along with its relevant effect on the spectrum of thin channels, deriving useful design guidelines.

The charge transport in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is assessed in terms of variable range hopping (VRH), by numerical simulations, analytical analyses and comparisons to published experimental results. A numerical simulator built on the fundamental relations for VRH, without approximations, provides a simple key dependence that the sum of hopping energy and energy bending under bias is equal to the hopping energy in the bulk material, the latter a bias-independent function of the absolute temperature. This relation binds electrostatics and VRH in OTFTs, at various assumptions for density of states (exponential, double-exponential and normal distributions). It generates and confirms many analytical expressions accumulated over the years for mobility, conductance, potential profiles in the depth of the organic semiconducting film and their relation to bias, film-thickness, also explaining the performance of OTFTs at elevated temperatures. The relations between charges, mobility and bias in OTFTs adhere from the above key dependence. We provide a method to obtain the distribution of the hopping time, which establishes explanations to non-stationary effects in OTFTs, such as dispersive transport, non-reciprocal transitions between on and off-states of the OTFT (usually attributed to gate bias stress and charge build-up), and low-frequency noise in the OTFT channel current.

In this article, we study in details the fluid dynamics system proposed in to model the formation of cyanobacteria biofilms. After analyzing the linear stability of the unique non trivial equilibrium of the system, we introduce in the model the influence of light and temperature, which are two important factors for the development of cyanobacteria biofilm. Since the values of the coefficients we use for our simulations are estimated through information found in the literature, some sensitivity and robustness analyses on these parameters are performed. All these elements enable us to control and to validate the model we have already derived and to present some numerical simulations in the 2D and the 3D cases.