Migrations (Archaeology) Research Papers

Культурные связи населения Суджанского региона в эпоху Великого переселения народов

2025, Stratum plus. Nr. 5. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Lords of the Roads

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Administrative Organization of Roman Silver Mines in Pannonia

2025, Omnia tempus revelat : studies on Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages : in Memory of Jaroslav Šašel = Omnia tempus revelat : študije o antiki in zgodnjem srednjem veku : v spomin Jaroslavu Šašlu / editors, uredniki Milan Lovenjak , , Alenka Cedilnik, Andrej Gaspari, and Jana Horvat ; Razprave / ...

Recently discovered traces of Roman gold mines in Lower Austria suggest that there were more mining activities in Pannonia than shown by Roman sources. Interestingly, all Pannonian mines are located in border areas between Roman... more

Recently discovered traces of Roman gold mines in Lower Austria suggest that there were more mining activities in Pannonia than shown by Roman sources. Interestingly, all Pannonian mines are located in border areas between Roman provinces. This certainly influenced the research of Pannonian mining districts since their administrative organization was not researched separately. Therefore, modern literature mostly associates the Pannonian silver mines and their administration with the Dalmatian silver mines, whose center was in the vicinity of Srebrenica. However, until AD 161, they were mentioned separately in inscriptions argentariae Pannonicae and argentariae Delmaticae. The inscriptions mentioning the Pannonian silver mine procurators were discovered in modern Algeria, Türkiye, and Serbia. Argentariae Pannonicae encompassed a quite large territory from the lower course of the Drina River (to the north of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and a part of northwest Serbia (modern Zajača, Valjevo, and Loznica). It is assumed that the local mining administration for Pannonian silver mines was located in Gensis (Tab. Peut.) vicus in the modern Mačva District in Serbia. Inscriptions on epigraphic monuments suggest that the top-level mining administration was stationed in Sirmium until AD 161, after which it was relocated to Domavia. During Marcus Aurelius, all Pannonian and Dalmatian mines were consolidated under procurator metallorum Pannonicorum et Dalmaticorum. During Commodus, Pannonian iron mines were exempted from this consolidated administration, whereas silver mines remained under the authority of a procurator from Domavia titled procurator argentariarum metallorum Pannonicorum et Dalmaticorum. A 3rd-century inscription mentions procurator Augusti and procurator argentariarum, opening the question of local administration of Pannonian mines. Certain administrative changes can be traced back to the Late Antiquity when comes metallorum per Illyricum was mentioned in Notitia Dignitatum.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Gold der Steppe - Archäologie der Ukraine. Rolle, R., Müller-Wille, M. und K. Schietzel (Hrsg.) in Zusammenarbeit mit P. P. Toločko und V. J. Murzin. Neumünster 1991

by Werner M Schön

2025, Archäologische Informationen

Bei dem vorliegenden Werk handelt es sich um den Katalog zur gleichnamigen Ausstellung, die 1991 im Archäologischen Landesmuseum Schleswig gezeigt worden ist.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

A Rosetta Key for Ancestral Pueblo History: Phases of an Indigenous Civilization

by Michael A . Susko

2025, A Rosetta Key for Ancestral Pueblo: History Phases of an Indigenous Civilization

This work applies generational mapping to the Ancestral Pueblo, using 15-year intervals. Distinct phases, found in other cultures, will be tested as to their applicability. They include: 1) "Invisible" Beginnings; 2) Establishment; 3)... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Spatiotemporal reconstruction of Corded Ware and Bell Beaker burial rituals reveals complex dynamics divergent from steppe ancestry

by M.ª Guadalupe Castro González and

2025

Understanding how the dispersal of cultural innovations intersects with the spread of genes remains a central challenge in prehistoric archaeology. Here, we examine how the third millennium BCE Corded Ware (CW) and Bell Beaker (BB) burial... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Supplementary Materials for Spatiotemporal reconstruction of Corded Ware and Bell Beaker burial rituals reveals complex dynamics divergent from steppe ancestry

by Quentin Bourgeois and

2025, Science Advances

Understanding how the dispersal of cultural innovations intersects with the spread of genes remains a central challenge in prehistoric archaeology. Here, we examine how the third millennium BCE Corded Ware (CW) and Bell Beaker (BB) burial... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Spatiotemporal reconstruction of Corded Ware and Bell Beaker burial rituals reveals complex dynamics divergent from steppe ancestry

by Quentin Bourgeois and

2025, Science Advances

Understanding how the dispersal of cultural innovations intersects with the spread of genes remains a central challenge in prehistoric archaeology. Here, we examine how the third millennium BCE Corded Ware (CW) and Bell Beaker (BB) burial... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

IMPRINTS OF CLIMATIC ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE JOS PLATEAU, NIGERIA

by MOHAMMED Y A ’ U IBRAHIM

2025, SAfA 2025 Conference Paper

Climate change is a global issue that has influenced and is still influencing diverse facets of human life-culture inclusive. Archaeology, with its wide audiences and histories of resilience, has the potential to be a veritable tool in... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Reconsidering migration in Bronze and Early Iron Age Europe : bridging a gap in european mobility?

by Anna Gawlik

2025

Article gives a review of phenomena from the European Bronze and Early Iron Ages, which have been explained by the migratory scenarios. It recaps also the current stage of discussion on migration asan explanatory concept in archaeology,... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Man Corn: Cannibalism and Violence in the Prehistoric American Southwest. Christy G. Turner and Jacqueline A. Turner. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, 1999

by Dr Charles C Kolb

2025, Bulletin of the History of Archaeology

Human sacrifice and cannibalism, the potential for institutionalized violence or warfare, witchcraft or sorcery, and ritual executions arc emotionally charged issues; but some anthropologists and other learned scholars now suggest that... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

The Blurry Third Millennium. “Neolithisation” in a Norwegian Context

by Rune Iversen

2025, Open Archaeology

In this article, we critically review recurrent tropes, implicit frameworks, and unexplained concepts in current research on the process of “Neolithisation” in the western part of southern Norway. Two models are on offer, as also seen... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

From Communities to the Cities: Reasons Why Indigenous People Migrate and Settle in Guanajuato, Mexico Perla Shiomara Del Carpio Ovando 1

by Ricardo Contreras Soto

2025

Introduction: Internal migration has been one of the main factors of economic and social change in Mexico. Since 1940, continuous flow of migrants from the countryside to the city strengthened the national urban system, which currently... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Active artefacts and mutable identities: the role of material things in the formation of the British Neolithic

by Julian Thomas

2025, The Early Neolithic of Northern Europe

The study of whole-genome ancient DNA has enhanced our appreciation of the extent of human mobility in the Neolithic. Unfortunately, this has sometimes come at the cost of a return to culturehistoric narratives of 'massive migrations' and... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Sr isotopes in horn cores provide information on Early Modern cattle trade

by joris peters

2025, Archaeofauna

Stable strontium isotopes ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) were used to detect residence changes of apparently non-local long horned cattle. A find of horn cores from an Early Modern site near Enns (Austria) was investigated with regard to long-distance... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Keros und Dhaskalio – karge Inseln, große Bedeutung. Frühe Bronzezeit in der Ägäis

by Jesper Tae Jensen

2025, Archäologie in Deutschland (AiD) 2

In the heart of the Aegean Sea, south of Naxos, lie Dhaskalio and Keros. At first glance, nothing suggests anything special about these two barren and currently uninhabited islands. But appearances are deceptive. In early Bronze Age... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

The Blurry Third Millennium. “Neolithisation” in a Norwegian Context

by Rune Iversen

2025, Open Archaeology

In this article, we critically review recurrent tropes, implicit frameworks, and unexplained concepts in current research on the process of “Neolithisation” in the western part of southern Norway. Two models are on offer, as also seen... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Prasad 1st Proof-Combined CK (2)

by Alan Garfinkel

2025

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Die Zerstörung der mykenischen Palastzentren um 1200 v. Chr. am Beispiel der beiden Paläste von Mykene und Pylos

by Tristan Heuer

2025

In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird die Zerstörung der mykenischen Palastzentren um 1200 v. Chr. am Beispiel der beiden Paläste von Mykene und Pylos thematisiert werden, 1 2 da diese beiden mykenischen Palaststaaten bei der... more

In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird die Zerstörung der mykenischen Palastzentren um 1200 v. Chr. am Beispiel der beiden Paläste von Mykene und Pylos thematisiert werden, 1 2 da diese beiden mykenischen Palaststaaten bei der langjährigen Erforschung der mykenischen Kultur eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt haben. Zudem befinden sich diese beiden archäologischen Ausgrabungsstätten mit ihrer Lage in der Argolis und in Messenien zum einen in verschiedenen griechischen Regionen und weisen zum anderen auch eine recht unterschiedliche landschaftliche Umgebung auf, da sich der Palast von Mykene relativ weit im hügeligen griechischen Inland befindet, wohingegen der Palast von Pylos in geringer Entfernung zur Küste liegt. In diesem Zusammenhang soll am Ende dieser Bachelorarbeit die Frage beantwortet werden, ob die archäologischen Zerstörungshorizonte und die Linear B-Texte der Paläste von Mykene und Pylos überhaupt Hinweise auf die Gründe für den Untergang dieser beiden Palaststaaten und den Zusammenbruch der mykenischen Palastkultur um 1200 v. Chr. geben. Zu Beginn dieser Bachelorarbeit soll im 2. Kapitel zunächst ein Überblick über die Forschungsgeschichte der mykenischen Kultur gegeben werden, wobei der Fokus auf den in dieser Arbeit zu untersuchenden Palästen von Mykene und Pylos liegen wird. Im Anschluss daran werden die mykenischen Palastzentren genauer thematisiert werden, wobei auf die Definition, das Verbreitungsgebiet und die charakteristischen Merkmale der mykenischen Paläste eingegangen werden soll, um ein genaueres Bild von der mykenischen Palastkultur zu bekommen. Als nächstes wird dann ein kurzer Überblick über die soziale Hierarchie und die verschiedenen Ämter in den mykenischen Palaststaaten gegeben werden, worauf eine Erläuterung zur Funktionsweise des mykenischen Palastwirtschaftssystem folgen wird. Im darauf folgenden 4. Kapitel wird die Entwicklungsgeschichte der mykenischen Paläste näher erläutert werden, in dem zunächst deren Herausbildung, Entwicklung und Blütezeit näher skizziert werden soll, bevor dann der Untergang der mykenischen Palastzentren um 1200 v. Chr. behandelt werden wird. Den Kern dieser Bachelorarbeit wird das letzte Kapitel bilden, in dem eine Untersuchung der Paläste von Mykene und Pylos im Hinblick auf die oben genannte Leitfrage vorgenommen wird. Dabei werden beide Paläste nacheinander nach den gleichen Kriterien abgehandelt werden, wobei zunächst auf die Geographische Lage und Zur Lage von Mykene siehe Abb. 1.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Evidence for the practice of crafts and the exchange of goods by the inhabitants of the prehistoric settlements on Zyndram’s Hill, [in:] Life written in the strata. Excavations of the North- Eastern Sector of the Prehistoric Hillfort in Maszkowice (Western Carpathians), M.S. Przybyła (ed.), 2024

by Joanna A . Markiewicz and

2025, Life written in the strata. Excavations of the North- Eastern Sector of the Prehistoric Hillfort in Maszkowice (Western Carpathians), M. S. Przybyła (ed.), Kraków

Early Bronze Age female costume objects from Zyndram’s Hill: pin (1), faience beads (2-3), amber items (4-5), Sibiu hair-rings (6-8), spiral ring fragment (9), pendant frag- ments (10-11), bracelet (12), salta leone bead (13). Objects 1-8 are from the part of the site discussed in this book, the others were discovered in other parts of the site in 2018-2022 (by M.S. Przybyta)

Fig, 8.1.2. The ornaments in question seem to have origi- nated in or around the Caucasus. Very early exam- ples of massive Sibiu hair-rings are known from Catacomb culture cemeteries in this region, such as Tulpan and Zunda-Tolga in Kalmykia (Shishlina 2013: 410), radiocarbon dated between 2500 and 2000 BC (Chernykh 2008). As already suggested by Zaharia (1959: fig. 4:24), these ornaments, like other metal costume pieces in the Circum-Caucasus region, may indeed have originated as imitations of region, may indeed have originated as imitations of Since the classic studies by Eugenia Zaharia (1959), Istvan Bona (1959) and Amalia Mozsolics (1958; 1967), Lockenringe have been covered in many studies on topics such as bronze metallurgy and goldsmithing, ritual practices related to hoarding and funerary rites (for detailed analyses see: Bartel- heim 1998: 64; Hansel, Weihermann 2000; Weiher- mann 2001; Gavan 2015: 135-137). It became clear “— The main distribution areas of the Sibiu hair rings (Lockenringe). In the steppe zone, the ranges of the cultural unit (Catacomb culture and the western range of the Andronovo culture) for which this type of ornament is characteristic ar marked. Sites mentioned in the text: 1. Alypkash, 2. Bajé, 3. Balta Sarata, 4. Barca, 5. Battonya, 6. Beograd-Karaburma 7. Dunatijvaros, 8. Encs, 9. Franzhausen, 10. Hajdtbagos, 11. Hernadkak, 12. Jasto, 13. Jaszdozsa, 14. Jezero, 15. Ka luderske livade, 16. KoSice, 17. Maszkowice, 18. Megyasz6, 19. Mokrin, 20. Moresti, 21. Mosinje, 22. Nesvady, 23. Nizn Myla, 24. Nurtaj, 25. Pecica, 26. Pécs, 27. Pietroasa Minca, 28. Polgar, 29. Sarrétudvar, 30. Satu Mare, 31. Sapanta, 32 Skotoszéw, 33. Spissky Stvrtok, 34. Stepnoe, 35. Svabovee, 36. Tanabergen, 37. Tara Barsei, 38. Tiszapalkonya, 39. Ti szafiired, 40. Tiszastily, 41. Trepcza, 42. Trzcinica, 43. Tulpan, 44. Valaliki, 45. Vojlovica, 46. Zivalieviéi, 47. Zunda-Tolg: (by M.S. Przybyta)

Distribution of Sibiu hair-rings in the Nizna Myla cemetery. Colours indicate stylistic groups of OFCC pottery, Roman numerals indicate zones of the site - cf. Fig. 4.2.12 (by M.S. Przybyta, data after Olexa, Novacek 2013; 2015; 2017)

Te RAD OIRO? Gender and age structure of the population from the Nizna Mysla cemetery juxtaposed with the structure of the sub- -population of individuals buried with Sibiu hair-rings. There is a clear surplus of females over the age of 20, which may suggest a particular association of this group of ornaments with the costume of adult women (by M.S. Przybyta, data after Olexa, Novacek 2013; 2015; 2017)

ais" Sa aS Arrangement of hair-rings in left-sided (female) and right-sided (male) graves in the Nizna Myla cemetery, number: below the percentage value represent the average number of hair-rings in a given position (by M.S. Przybyla, data after Olexa, Novacek 2013; 2015; 2017)

— Typical arrangement of hair-rings (marked in black) in a female grave — barrow cemetery in Alypkash, Kazakhstan (a) (drawing by M.S. Przybyta, according to Kupryanova, Zdanovich 2008) and reconstruction of how these ornaments were worn (drawing by M. Stadnicka) To sum up the comments on the function of Sibiu 1air-rings, it can be concluded that, throughout their hair-rings, it can be concluded that, throughout their The context of deposition clearly indicates that Sibiu hair-rings were not part of diadems or headdress- es. Where they were found in large numbers in a single es. Where they were found in large numbers in a single above all, the symmetrical arrangement of orna- ments at temple level is not maintained. Hair-rings occur in odd numbers and are most often found near the face or chin of the deceased (42.7%). It is also worth noting that gold items are twice as likely to be found in male burials as in female burials. Nota- ble exceptions to the pattern described here are three burial assemblages in which Sibiu hair-rings were de- posited according to the female model. Two of these 220 and 272) contained artefacts made of boar tusk, a category that had strong male associations in the Early Bronze Age (see Chapter 8.2.2). However, one (192) contained artefacts generally found in left- sided (female) burials: a bone tool and a bronze pin. Similarly ambiguous graves were found in other cem- eteries: with a male body position or a male skeleton, but with hair-rings. Some of them were child burials (Catia, Gelej — Pastor 1978; Kemenczei 1979), oth- ers contained, apart from hair-rings, grave goods specific to male burials, including weapons (KoSice, Valaliki — Pastor 1969; 1978). In others (analogically to grave 192 from Nizna Mysla), only the right-sided position of the body indicated that the deceased was male (Battonya — Szabé 1999). The context of deposition clearly indicates that Pe | Pt a 7 7 a eee. 1 141 Detailed observations suggest that, at least in some cases, the size of the ornament was adapted to specific needs (age of the person, type of hair- style). This can be analysed by looking at the simple forms of hair-rings. There are larger examples with ends that meet, as well as those with ends that over- lap. The latter form can be obtained ad hoc by the mechanical processing of the finished object. In the cemetery of Nizna Mysla, in the burials of adoles- cents and adults, the ratio of pieces with overlapping ends to those with touching ends is 3:10 and 17:59, respectively. The opposite tendency can be observed in the burials of children, where there are slightly more pieces with overlapping ends (ratio 21:15) and the hair-rings never exceed 20 mm in diameter.

The data presented here prove that, although we are dealing with a very simple form, common not only in the Bronze Age but also in the Early Iron Age, with- in one line of evolution of rich costume — the one spe- cific to the communities living in the Tisza Basin at the end of the Early Bronze Age — pins with the head hammered flat and rolled into a loop belong to archaic solutions. Like the hair-rings of the Sibiu type, they are most common in the Epi-Corded period and in the oldest phases of the OFCC, losing popularity in the Older Classic B phase, i.e. in the second half of the 17" century BC at the latest. Another contextual peculi- arity of this type of ornament is worth mentioning, which is again revealed by a more detailed analysis of the cemetery of Nizna MySla. While the Epi-Corded eal Lumps of molten bronze which formed a clear concentration (white triangles) in the area where Buildings IV and V stood — cf. fig. 3.3.1 (by M.S. Przybyta) that they are known from at least several Early Bronze Five lumps of molten bronze were found in the layers of Building V (the same building in which the pin described above was found) and in younger con- texts above and adjacent to it (D56, D60, D65 - see Chapters 3.3.7, 3.4.3). Although small in size and weighing a total of 17.04 g, this is more than six times the amount of metal used for the pin (2.55 g) and Sibiu hair-rings (average weight 2.88 g) from Zyn- dram’s Hill. Identical finds are interpreted as bronze casting waste collected for secondary use (Gavan 2015: 61 — with further references therein). An overview presented by Alexandra Gavan (2015: 61-62) shows that they are known from at least several Early Bronze

Copper contaminants (Ag, As, Ni, Sb) in 144 artefacts from the Carpathian Basin area and 12 samples taken from Zyndram’s Hill artefacts (the diagram reflects 67.6% of the variance in the assemblage). The part of the diagram occupied by sites from the OFCC area is shaded. For the artefacts shown, red crosses mark the locations of measurements taken from the metallic core of the artefact. The entire assemblage of bronzes from Zyndram’s Hill falls within the arsenic-nickel spectrum characteristic of the weapons and massive ornaments, including those deposited in the hoards of the Hajdtsamson-Apa horizon (by M.S. Przybyta)

Faience beads from the middle part of the fill of the large pit (98/1972) and from the floor levels of Building I next to it (6-160-23). A well-preserved layer of glaze is visible on the upper surface of the complete specimen (photo: M.S. Przybyta)

Amber finds from Early Bronze Age strata - a bead fragment from context D65 (11-60-211) and an unworked pie- ce from the upper trough of the large pit (54/1972). The walls of the bead hole show transverse drilling marks (photo: M.S. Przybyta)

FR RAN SENS RP Distribution of amber finds in contexts from the first half of the 2"¢ millennium in Central and South-Eastern Europe: asterisk — the Maszkowice site, grey arrows — variants C and D of the ‘amber route’ according to Czebreszuk 2011, black box - map coverage in source publications (Markova 2003; Stahl 2006; Czebreszuk 2011; Cwalinski 2020). Finds from the northern Italy (Harding 1984: 73, 307), most of which are slightly younger than the middle of the 2"* millennium BC, have not been included (by M.S. Przybyta)

Plan of the investigated part of the site with the loca- tions of objects made of rare raw materials marked. The Sibiu hair-ring discovered as a secondary deposit in the layer of the younger settlement phase is not included (by M.S. Przybyta)

hood Results of the correspondence analysis (2nd and 3rd axes, the diagram reflects 16.79% of the variation in the assembla- ge) for 30 attributes in 155 grave assemblages from the Nizna MySla cemetery (data after: Olexa, Novaéek 2013; 2015; 2017). The different arrangement of male and female remains practised in this cemetery, also observed in child burials, made it possible to distinguish five groups of co-occurring artefacts with different degrees of gender attribution. The categories of objects recorded also on Zyndram’s Hill are marked in black (by M.S. Przybyta)

——o—oOEo Reconstruction of a rich women’s costume from the Classic OFCC phase, with ornaments made of rare raw materials found on Zyndram’s Hill — Sibiu hair-rings, a pin with the head hammered flat and rolled into a loop, and a necklace made of large amber beads (drawing by M. Stadnicka) categories such as circular or semicircular appliques, gold sheet tubes (necklace elements), finger rings, small spiral discs, Sibiu hair-rings and a massive ring with spiral discs.

eal Classification of use-wear and manufacturing marks on artefacts made of animal raw materials. For explanations see the text (by J. Jedrysik, M.S. Przybyta) contains 13 objects that were worn as ornaments. In addition to the formal features that indicate their Use-wear and manufacturing traces were ana- lysed using a stereoscopic microscope with a magni- fication of up to 50x. All the changes observed on the surfaces of the objects were photographed and briefly described, which allowed a preliminary clas- sification of the wear marks (Fig. 8.1.2). The analysis made it possible to distinguish the following types of marks: (A) traces of processing with a flint tool (cut- ting, chopping, whittling), (B) polish in the working or other parts of the object, in the latter case related to handling, hafting or decoration, (C) shallow linear traces, transverse and/or diagonal to the long axis of the object, (D) deep linear traces, transverse and/or diagonal to the long axis, (E) deep linear traces, par- allel to the long axis, (F) crushing traces in working surfaces (G) irregular traces of wear in the form of multidirectional damage to the surface of the object, Type 1. Ornaments. The analysed collection

A selection of bone and tooth ornaments from the older settlement phase (the plaque in the lower right of the photo- graph comes from a trench located outside the investigated sector of the site) (photo: M.S. Przybyta) At the time or the Larly bronze Age settlement at Maszkowice, pendants of pig or boar tusks were part of men’s clothing. This is evidenced by the fact that they were found almost exclusively in male graves in the cemeteries of the period. Moreover, such pendants are relatively rare even in male graves. For example, in the cemetery of Iwanowice-Babia Gora they occurred in 8.64% of male burials (Kadrow et al. 1992), in JelSovka in 9.71% (Batora 2000), and in the Epi-Corded Phase (zone I) of the cemetery Type 1.2. Pendants made of pig or boar tusks. Two objects of this type were found at Masz- kowice. They differ in size (the preserved lengths are 30 mm and 85 mm), but despite their poor state of preservation it can be concluded that each had a small hole drilled in the central part ( Plates 509:3; 510:9). t is likely that a third specimen can be added to this group (Plate 528:3), but it does not have a preserved hole. In addition to these three artefacts, the collec- tion of pig or boar tusk artefacts includes two spec- imens from outside the part of the site discussed in this book. These come from the 1967 excavation in the Epi-Corded Phase (zone I) of the cemetery

ii okcs iii e Aae Three functional categories of similar artefacts: pins (a) have no wear marks, but have carefully polished surfaces (e), awls (b) have clear linear wear marks on the tip (f), and finally the more massive perforators (c) have deep marks indicating work in hard material (g) (by J. Jedrysik, M.S. Przybyta) Type 3. Perforators. The tools described as perforators were those bearing microscopically de- tectable traces of working in hard material, most likely left by piercing animal hides. The traces were identified based on the comparison with analogical artefacts and the results of experimental research Three were made from long bones of medium-sized Type 2.2. Massive awls. This group includes four artefacts, distinctly more robust than those discussed above (Pl. 514:1; 514:3; 511:6; 528:1), Three were made from long bones of medium-sized

A selection of artefacts representing a diverse group of tools — perforators, polishing stones, awls and spatulas (photo by M.S. Przybyta)

The entire collection of artefacts made from deer brow tines discovered in Maszkowice numbers more than a dozen objects. However, despite formal simi- larities, microscopic examination allowed the group Selection of hafted chopping tools from different contexts of the Early Bronze Age settlement (including trenches not included in the study) (photo: M.S. Przybyta) larities, microscopic examination allowed the group Type 8. Hafted chopping tools. This group in- cludes seven artefacts made of antler, whose com- mon features are the raw material and the presence of an opening (Pl. 513:1-3; 514:4; 516:1; 527:4; 530:1). There are currently 13 artefacts of this type from the entire site. The nature of their use is diffi- cult to establish, mainly because of the lack of clear wear marks on most of the artefacts, but also because of the poor preservation of potential working parts. Our ideas about the use of these tools are based sole- ly on formal criteria, and so, following A.M. Choyke (1979: 12-16), they are referred to here under the descriptive term ‘hafted chopping tools’, replacing terms implying their function, such as hoes, axe- hammers or shaft-hole axes. terms implying their function, such as hoes, axe- lype /. Antler picks. lhis category compris- es artefacts made from brow tines of deer, which based on their morphological and formal attributes should be classed as digging tools or hoes (Drze- wicz 2004: 16-19), and which also bear marks in- dicating their use in the loosening of soil (cf. Dia- kowski 2014: plate 22:4). In the collection retrieved from Maszkowice there are four tools that meet both these criteria — one is fragmentarily preserved (80 mm long) and the lengths of the other three vary from 182 to 196 mm, with oval working tips ranging from 7 to 13 mm in width (Pl. 512:6; 526:3; 527:1-2). Apart from microscopically detectable multidirectional marks with rough edges, signifi- cant parts of the working planes also reveal macro- scopically visible polish.

A selection of semi-finished antler products from Early Bronze Age contexts (photo by M.S. Przybyta)

en © ee Distribution of functional categories of bone, antler, horn and tooth artefacts in the Early Bronze Age strata (some arte facts from the old excavations do not have precise locations and are not shown in the plan) (a), compared with the poin' density analysis (PDA) for faunal remains from the older settlement phase (excluding material redeposited in the debri: field of the wall) - number of artefacts in 1x1 m fields presented in a 25x25 cm raster (by M.S. Przybyta)

oll Bronze artefacts from the contexts of the younger settle- ment phase (photo: M.S. Przybyta)

aie AM ca Iron artefacts found during excavations in 1960 and 1961 in the north-eastern sector of the site, now lost (1 — after Gedl 2004a; 2 — after Cabalska, Nosek, Mazur 1971) atl Prehistoric iron objects from the north-eastern sector of the Zyndram’s Hill site, preserved in the collection (photo: M.S. Przybyta)

Fig. 8.3.5. FSG Fes Aes Sas = Distribution of selected categories of iron objects at Masz- kowice. Particularly noteworthy is the concentration of iron rings in the north-western part of the site, in tren- ches from 1968 (by M.S. Przybyta)

— A collection of iron rings found in the north-western part of the site in 1968. These objects were severely damaged during metallographic analysis in the late 1960s (photo: M.S. Przybyta) Witdow in Lesser Poland (Bukowski 1982: 373-373 fig. 27; Dziegielewski et al. 2020: 229; Przybyta Korczynska-Cappenberg, Dziegielewski 2023). Met allographic analyses of artefacts from Maszkowice Witow, and Biskupin have shown that they were most likely imported from western Germany (Cabal. ska, Nosek, Mazur 1971: 70-71; Piaskowski 1977 270-271; Derrix 2001: 148).

Glass bead from the younger settlement phase (1), with numerous spherical bubbles visible under transmitted light (2). Bead from the site of Lacko 09/8 (3) with ellipsoidal bubbles in the glass (4) (photo: M.S. Przybyta)

Formal and metric classification of spindle whorls from the younger phases of the Zyndram’s Hill site: weight and metric classification according to Kimbrough 2006, a - whole specimens (subjected to formal classification), b — specimens pre- served fragmentarily with an estimable diameter (by M.S. Przybyta)

There are 11 artefacts from the part of the site cov- ered by this study that can be identified as fragments of loom weights. However, the original appearance of only one of them could be fully reconstructed In the analysis of loom weights, the two chron. ologically and functionally diagnostic features aré their shape and weight (e.g. Belanova-Stolzova Grémer 2010: 15-17; Przymorska-Sztuczka 2018 355-357; 2022: 75-78 — see further literature there) <> Examples of clay spindle whorls from the younger settlement phase — a neatly made fine biconical spindle whorl from th northern edge of the plateau (1) and more massive spheroidal spindle whorls from the north-eastern sector of the site including a decorated specimen (2-3); a clay disc (4) and the best preserved loom weight (5) from the 1961 excavation and a clay ‘button’ from the younger settlement phase (6) (photo. M.S. Przybyta)

Fig. 8.5.1. baal Fragments of stone axes and a core from the drilling of a hole, all from the layer of the younger settlement phase (photo: M.S. Przybyta)

Quern stone from Zyndram’s Hill (1 - photo by M.S. Przybyla) and other examples of the same technical solution: a ‘Greek-type’ quern from Zilina-Zavodie (2 — after Pieta 2010), two Olynthus-type querns with a funnel-shaped grain chamber from the province of Venice (3-4 — after Francisci 2020) and eastern variant Olynthus querns, with a rectangu- lar grain chamber, from Gamla (in situ) and Tell es Sarija (5-6 — after Frankel 2003)

Fig. 8.6.1. Ye Fragment of the anthropomorphic figurine discovered in 2011 and a reconstruction of a clay animal head from the fill of the large Early Bronze Age pit (Drawing by M.S. Przybyta, J.A. Markiewicz)

Figural art from the Early Bronze Age settlement on Zyndram’s Hill. In addition to the artefacts described in this chapte1 (2-3), the photograph shows two anthropomorphic figurines (1, 4) discovered on the slope below the eastern gate anc three pig figurines (5-7) found in the northern part of the site (photo: M.S. Przybyta) Tartaron 2007: 84), while the beginning of this tra- dition in the Iron Gate region on the Danube can be traced to the BrB2(C1) phase (Chicidianu 1986; Re- ich 2002: 175-178) and thus dated to around 1450 BC (Miller, Lohrke 2009). There are too many coin- cidences to seriously consider convergence. The list of similarities can be further extended if we consider the same size of figurines in both regions (general- ly fitting into the palm of the hand - e.g. Morris et al. 2019: 55), and a single but notable discovery of a Danubian-type figurine in the northern periphery of the Mycenaean culture of the Late Hellenistic pe- riod (Dikili Tash in eastern Macedonia - e.g. Mink- ov 2018: fig. 5:1). Finally, there are some important contextual similarities that will be discussed later. inlaid and sometimes included realistic represen-

Fig. 8.6.3. Distribution of the oldest types of violin figurines representing the Danube variety (a — Phi type or types C and D accor ding to Holenweger 2011) and the Mycenaean variety (b — proto-Phi and Phi type figurines according to French 1971) as well as artefacts outside the main groups of violin idols (c — according to Dietrich 2010; 2011 with additions; M - Maszkowice) and figurines with a massive conical base and arms pointing to the side (d — according to Dietrich 2011 (by M.S. Przybyta)

~ Distribution of Early Bronze Age figurines in the investigated part of the site - the numbers correspond to the designa- tions in Fig. 8.6.2 (by M.S. Przybyta)

— Fragment of an ornithomorphic rattle discovered in 1972 (1) and its graphic reconstruction (3) and the foot of an ornit- homorphic figurine from the 2014 research (2) (Drawing by J.A. Markiewicz)

Fig. 8.6.6. — Distribution and selected examples of clay ornithomorphic artefacts in Central Europe during the Late Bronze Age anc Early Iron Age (HaB2-3-HaD, 10™-6" century BC). A - compact range, B — isolated finds, C - Maszkowice. 1 - Kietrz (after Gedl 1979), 2 — Przeczyce (after Szydtowska 1972), 3 - Bialobrzegi (after Czopek 1986), 4 - Topornica (afte: Gediga 1970), 5 — Nové Ko§ariska (after Pichlerova 1969), 6 — Kleinklein (after Hansen 2007a), 7 — Batina (after Metz- ner-Nebelsick 2002), 8 - Kalakaéa (after Medovi¢ 1988), the map after Gediga 1979; Mari¢evi¢é 2016 with additions (by J.A. Markiewicz)

Proportions of selected elements in the chemical composition of the Early Bronze Age artefacts found in the nortl -eastern sector of the site. To this collection was added a chisel found in the layers of the older settlement phase, rig next to the investigated zone, in a trench excavated in 1972 (the measurements were made by Mateusz Biborski, MA from the Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University) pendants; winged pendants; shield pendants with cross decoration; and shield pendants with concen- tric decoration. taken from the core of the same object. However, in taken from the core of the same object. However, in the end, only the measurements from the patina- ee: ee ees, ee. oe ee. oc oe, a, ae ae pendants; winged pendants; shield pendants with

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Pottery of the younger settlement phase (late Bronze Age to the end of the La Tène period), [in:] Life written in the strata. Excavations of the North- Eastern Sector of the Prehistoric Hillfort in Maszkowice (Western Carpathians), M. S. Przybyła (ed.), Kraków 2024

by Joanna A . Markiewicz

2025, Life written in the strata. Excavations of the North-Eastern sector of the prehistoric hillfort in Maszkowice (ed. M.S. Przybyła)

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Biomarker evidence on Early Paleolithic human-environment interactions from loess records in Tajikistan, Central Asia

by David Wright and

2025, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

The loess-paleosol sequences of Khovaling, southern Tajikistan preserve signatures of prehistoric human settlement during the Early Paleolithic. Archaeological finds excavated from Early Paleolithic sites located adjacent to the Obi-Mazar... more

Fig. 1. (a) Location of Khovaling Loess Plateau (KLP) in Tajikistan (dot in red colour). (b) Location of the study sites Lakhuti-IV, Obi-Mazar, Kuldara, Khonako-II of KLP, and Darai Kalon (DK) loess section (Haggi et al., 2019). (c) The temperature and precipitation variability (1901-2022; prepared using https: //climatecharts.net/ in the study region). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 2. Schematic sketch of study sections at LK-IV, OBM, KUL, and KH-II sites from the Khovaling Loess Plateau, Tajikistan showing loess-paleosol units anc sampling points. PCs are considered penecontemporaneous to one another. Approximately 15 g of soil/sediment was freeze-dried, powered, and homogenized using a mortar and pestle. The total lipid content from dried sediment samples was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor with 2:1 (v/v) dichloromethane:methanol for 36 hours. The total lipid extract

Fig. 5. The number of artifacts collected, variation of n-alkane, and PAH proxy values of sediment samples (Sample ID = ISO #) collected from the sedimentary succession L4 (ISO 27), PC 4 (ISO 7), L5 (ISO 14), PC 5 (ISO 2, 3, and 4), L6 (ISO 19), and PC 6 (ISO 21 and 25) of the Kuldara site. Note that slightly dark shading in the colours purple (PC 4), brown (PC 5), and yellow (PC 6) are used to highlight near-site areas with little or no notable human activity and stratigraphically associated with human occupations at Lakhuti-IV and Obi- Mazar sites. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 6. The number of artifacts collected, variation of n-alkane, and PAH proxy values of sediment samples (Sample ID = ISO #) collected from the sedimentary succession L4 (ISO 84), PC 4 (ISO 78, 77 and 76), L5 (ISO 74), PC 5 (ISO 73), L6 (ISO 72), and PC 6 (ISO 71 and 69) of the Khonako-II site. Note that light shading in the colours purple (PC 4), brown (PC 5), and yellow (PC 6) are used to highlight off-site areas with no notable human activity and stratigraphically associated with human occupations at Lakhuti-IV and Obi-Mazar sites. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 7. Boxplots visualizing differences between vegetation proxies associated with on-site (LK-IV and OBM), near-site (KUL), off-site (KH-II), and non-pedogenic loess. The boxes (mbox) represent the interquartile range (IQR), indicating the middle 50 % of the data. The horizontal line inside each box denotes the mean value. Whiskers extend to the smallest and largest values within 1.5 times the IQR from the lower and upper quartiles. The hydroclimate of Central Asia is controlled by westerlies, which ransport moisture to the region and vary in phase with glacial- nterglacial sea surface temperature changes (Wolff et al., 2017). This srocess would have been increased during the warm interglacial period, is the air masses originating from the Atlantic Ocean move eastwards with the augmentation of water evaporation from the Mediterranean, 3lack, Aral, and Caspian seas (Aizen et al., 2006). This effect would have een further amplified during long interglacial periods with deglacia- ion increasing the moisture budget of westerlies (An et al., 2012; Chen st al., 2019; Chiang et al., 2015). The loess record from Central Asia suggests that this region was experiencing a particularly humid period about 600 to 500 ka) characterized by long interglacial during MIS 15 and 13 and a limited advance of polar ice during MIS 14 (Finestone st al., 2022; Hao et al., 2015). According to fossil animals recovered rom the Koshkurgan faunal complex in neighboring Kazakhstan, the ‘limate during the Early Paleolithic was relatively warm and rather Fire has been a feature of Earth systems for at least 420 million years (Bowman et al., 2009; Scott, 2000). The interaction between climate, vegetation, and fire occurrence has created distinct “pyromes” on Earth (Archibald et al., 2013; Archibald et al., 2012). These pyromes represent the distinctive combination of several characteristics of fire such as frequency, intensity, size, and season (Archibald et al., 2012). Many factors, such as the type of ecosystem (e.g., grassland, forest, savanna), climatic conditions (e.g., temperature, precipitation), and the presence or absence of fires caused by natural or human activity play vital roles in shaping ecosystems, maintaining biodiversity, and influencing land- scape dynamics (Archibald et al., 2012; Bird, 1995; Bowman et al., 2020). Lightning is considered to be the prime non-anthropogenic source of wildfire ignition in nature (Woods, 1989). A study on the spatiotemporal variation of the burned area from the year 1997 to 2016 in Central Asia suggests that Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan accounted for less than 1 % of the total burned area in Central Asia (Xu et al., 2021). Regions with high aerosol particulates (e.g., dust) have been shown to generate fewer lightning strikes due to the reflectance properties of the particulates, which reduce latent heat flux and stabilize the atmosphere (Wang et al., 2018). Therefore, we assume that lightning activity was not a common fire source in Tajikistan, which is subject to large amounts of atmospheric dust even during warm and wet periods. However, detailed

Fig. 8. Boxplots visualizing differences between fire proxies associated with on-site (LK-IV and OBM), near-site (KUL), off-site (KH-II), and non-pedogenic loess. Th boxes (mbox) represent the interquartile range (IQR), indicating the middle 50 % of the data. The horizontal line inside each box denotes the mean value. Whisket extend to the smallest and largest values within 1.5 times the IQR from the lower and upper quartiles.

Schafer, I.K., Lanny, V., Franke, J., Eglinton, T.I., Zech, M., Vyslouzilova, B., Zech, R., 2016. Leaf waxes in litter and topsoils along a European transect. Soil 2, 551-564. ee ST ee ee ee

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Харпастум – отборната игра на римските легионери (Harpastum – the team game of Roman legionnaires)

by Todor Valchev

2025

Sport games and competitions have a history as old as humans. They play an important role in the physical and moral growth of the people. The aim of the article is to present the game harpastum, which was common in the Roman army. It... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Symbols of Celtic belief in eternity on the Gundestrup Cauldron

by Carola Metzner-Nebelsick

2025, Z. Kobylinski et al. (eds.), Archaeology without borders. Papers in honour of Louis Daniel Nebelsick. Archaeologia Hereditas 23

This article opens up new perspectives on the interpretation of the Gundestrup cauldron. It argues for a place of origin and manufacture in northwestern Gaul (modern northern France and Belgium). One key argument is the prominent... more

g. 1. The Gundestrup Cauldron (National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen) (courtesy: CC BY-SA, Lennart Larsen, The National Museum of Denmark)

quest but were looted and melted down’*. Known and of- ten quoted comparisons for the GC of silver objects date to the Augustan-period”. This scenario may also offer another hypothesis for how the GC finally reached northern Jutland. It may have been a gift of tribal leaders from Gaul to the surviving Cimbri—in whose territory in Jutland the GC was fi- nally deposited — to procure the survival of this sacred object in times of danger. Julius Caesar describes a tribe in Gallia Belgica, the Atuatuci, who were descendants of the Cimbri. Before their march to Italy during the Cimbrian Wars (113- 101 BC), they had left parts of the population and livestock on the lower Rhine and founded a settlement in the land of the Eburones of the Belgae, whose king Ambiorix paid them tribute and gave his son and nephew as hostages (De Bello Gallico 2, 29; 5. 27, 2). During the Gallic Wars, the Atuatuci fought with the Gauls in the later province of Gallia Belgica against Caesar, before they were defeated by the Romans in 57 BC. Ambiorix, king of the Eburones, escaped without being caught (De Bello Gallico, V|, 43) when Caesar defeated his people in 53-51 BC”.

alone or in combination with animals, humans, or other gods, none of the outer plates shows the number-three sym- bolism expressed by leafy garlands or repetitive motifs. The only exception is outer plate C 6566 (Fig. 1 below) by Master 2°, which shows a female deity with a torque in the centre and two smaller male gods above her. This combination re- sembles a trinity and thus, again, a number-three symbol?°. An overview of the number-three symbolism is shown in Ta- ble 1.

Fig. 7. Different depictions of sprigs with three leaves on the Gundestrup Cauldron in detail. left: plate C 6575 (‘bull fight scene’), middle: plate C6571 (‘Cernunnos’), right: plate C 6573 (‘elephant scene’) (courtesy: CC BY-SA, Roberto Fortuna & Kira Ursem, The National Museum of Denmark, arrangement: T. Simeth) Table 1. Table showing depiction of the number-three symbolism on the plates of the Gundestrup Cauldron. Outer plate in Italics

were able to appropriate myths and most likely associated religious beliefs in eternity and resurrection into their local aesthetic requirements and preferences, as Louis Nebelsick has recently shown for other objects of Early La Tene Period art*®. The same motif can be followed through time until the first century BC when we find it on the GC three times in var- ious contexts. One well-known example are the ornamental coiled and horned serpents on the check piece of the LT B parade helmet from Agris, western France, which was found in a cave. José Gomez de Soto linked it with the horned ser- pent on the GC*. It is not surprising that initially Mediterra- nean ideas, philosophical or religious concepts and indeed motifs underwent transformative processes of appropria- tion and syncretism, which outlasted the La Tene Period and found a final reflection in Provincial Roman images of deities of indigenous Celtic origin. ing set comprises a stunning assemblage of artefacts with Dionysian symbolism‘. The largest item is the vast bronze cauldron. Inside the cauldron, a black-figure oinochoe was found, which bears the depiction of the wine god Dionysius himself, encircled by wine leaves, opposite another deity. Next to it, a silver strainer with a zoomorphic handle and a small silver perforated spoon were found, as well as a ribbed bronze bucket (cista cordone, Rippenciste)**. The oinochoe was altered by local artisans, who covered the handle with a silver ornament and the mouth and foot of this importec vessel with gold decorations, thus appropriating it to their local aesthetics. The large bronze cauldron with appliques of the shape-shifting river god Achaelous and heads of felines displays another facet related to Dionysian beliefs in the broader sense. As the personification of water, Achaelous may also have possessed meaning in the context of fertility and rebirth, thus intersecting with Dionysian concepts”. As father of several nymphs, among them Castalia, the nympl of spring, the Lavau cauldron stands — like the GC — for re- newal and the expected rebirth of nature in spring, and thus a symbol of life.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Being Entangled between Adaptability and Vulnerability: Shall We Define a New Paradigm for Migration Studies in Archaeology?

by Sepideh Maziar سپیده مازیار

2025, Appropriating Height. Movement and Mobility in Highland Landscapes of Southwest Asia

Migration as a part of human behaviour has once again been taken on among archaeologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists. Although the social sciences offer various narratives of migration, there is an opportunity for... more

Tab. 1: Differences between adaptation and resilience. focus should be on excluding variables, interpretations, or attributes that do not align with our specific case studies and, instead, adopt the most relevant and appropriate ones. It is in this spirit that the resiliency of a system/ individual/group could be the vulnerability of another, which brings us to the next point. Furthermore, one common misunderstanding in archaeology is the tendency to view resilience as a mere replacement for adaptation, treating them as overlapping terms or considering resilience as a fancier version or subset of adaptation. Adaptation and resilience, however, differ in various dimensions, particularly in terms of temporality and intentionality (Tab.1). Adaptability, in some cases, is a prerequisite for resilience, rather than being synonymous with resilience itself (Folke et al. 2010).

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Geomorphology of the Jebel Qara and coastal plain of Salalah (Dhofar, southern Sultanate of Oman)

by Vincent CHARPENTIER

2025, Journal of Maps

We present the results of the geomorphological mapping of a region of the Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman) including two contrasting physiographic units sharing a common drainage system into the Arabian Sea: the Jebel Qara limestone massif and... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Lehmann, S., & Vida, T.: Die „Kovacs-Vase“: Ein archäologischer Zwischenbericht / The ‘Kovacs Vase’: An Archaeological Interim Report

by Tivadar Vida and

2025, Bartus, D. – Mráv, Zs. – Szabó, M. (eds): Proceedings of the XXIst International Congress on Ancient Bronzes. Dissertationes Archaeologicae Supplementum 4.

The Kovacs Vase was first made known under scholars in Munich in 1996, but its origins and current owner are unknown. It could be shown that the pictorial scenes come from the Greek Pankration. It has now been roposed to date the Kovacs... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

АНАЛИЗ НА ГРУПА ,,F“ ОТ СВЕТОВНОТО ПЪРВЕНСТВО В КАТАР ПРЕЗ 2022 ГОДИНА И ПРИЧИНИ ЗА ОТПАДАНЕТО НА БЕЛГИЯ

by Chief ass. Danail Ivanov, phD

2024, АНАЛИЗ НА ГРУПА ,,F“ ОТ СВЕТОВНОТО ПЪРВЕНСТВО В КАТАР ПРЕЗ 2022 ГОДИНА И ПРИЧИНИ ЗА ОТПАДАНЕТО НА БЕЛГИЯ

Резюме. Световното първенство в Катар през 2022 г. беше първото, провело се през зимата в сре- дата на спортносъстезателния сезон, а също така и първият шампионат на планетата, изиграл се в страна от арабския свят. Това постави големи... more

Резюме. Световното първенство в Катар през 2022 г. беше първото, провело се през зимата в сре- дата на спортносъстезателния сезон, а също така и първият шампионат на планетата, изиграл се в страна от арабския свят. Това постави големи изисквания към футболистите, а също така и към треньорските щабове, които трябваше съзнателно и целеустремено да ръководят периоди- зацията на своите тренировъчни процеси. За първи път отборите се състояха от 26 футболисти. Наблюдаваше се увеличение на отбелязаните голове след центрирания, а също така и прираст на головата успеваемост след центрирания спрямо първенството в Русия през 2018 г. Целта на изследването е да се събере и анализира информация за игровите действия във фаза атака на отборите на Белгия, Хърватия и Мароко в груповата фаза на Световното първенство в Катар през 2022 г. Методите за изследване включват анализ на изиграните мачове, проучване на лите- ратурните източници, наблюдение на мачовете на запис и математико-статистически метод. Резултати. Отборът на Белгия е регистрирал най-лоши стойности спрямо своите конкуренти в групата при следните ключови показатели: притежание на топката в последната третина; притежание на топката, при което се превзема пространство; успеваемост на центриранията; пробягана дистанция в зона 4; най-малко точни, най-много неточни удари към вратата на про- тивника; най-малко отправени удари с крак, най-много с глава и с друга част на тялото; най-нисък процент на превърнати удари в гол.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Funeral practices in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages in south-western Poland with regard to social changes

by Anna Józefowska

2024, Germania

Die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge in der Germania unterliegen dem Peer-Review-Verfahren durch auswärtige Gutachter*innen. Contributions to "Germania" are subject to peer-review process by external referees. Les articles publiés dans «... more

Fig. 1. The Hallstatt culture in Europe.

Fig. 2. Plan of the graves at the cemetery in Domaslaw/Chrzanéw, divided into chronological phases. the cemetery are represented by complexes with developed tuber ceramics that fit in Period II of the Bronze Age according to the commonly used Montelius/ Kostrzewski chronological sys- tem?2, and in the BD—HAI periods according to the southern periodisation by Paul Reinecke (1300/1250 BC). A small number of assemblies represent a slightly older phase, i.e. the period of the Tumulus cultures and the early Urnfield cultures, distinguished by Hermann Miiller- Karpe and adopted by Gernot Jacob-Friesen, falling at the beginning of the BD period, and perhaps even still BC2, which in absolute dates would be from about 1350 to 1300 BC*?. The declining phase of use of the cemetery is the HD1 period, i.e. around 550 BC. Also, the end o use is exceeded by several assemblages entering HD3 and the La Téne A-B period.

Fig. 3. Domastaw/Chrzanéw. Examples of graves with inner wooden constructions from different chronological phases: graves Nos B99, C195, 384. — a dark brown humus; b black humus; c brown-grey humus; d brown humus; e yellow sand; f stone.

Fig. 4. Domastaw/Chrzanéw. Examples of graves with inner wooden constructions from the Bronze Age: 1. No. 12015; 2. No. E123; 3. No. 12058; 4. No. E105.

Fig. 5. Domastaw/Chrzanéw. Grave No. B50 from the Bronze Age.

‘ig.6. Domastaw. Chamber graves from the HC2—D1 period: 1. No. 6991; 2. No. 8954; 3. Visualisation of the chamber grave No. 4270.

Fig. 7. Domastaw/Chrzanéw. Chamber grave No. 390 from the HC period.

Fig. 8. Domastaw/ Chrzanéw. Chamber grave No. 8905 from the HC period.

Fig.9. Domaslaw/Chrzanéw. Ceramic wagon from chamber grave No. 4270.

Fig. 10. Domaslaw/Chrzanéw. Swords and fittings from the graves: 1. No. 7429; 2. No. 3754; 3. No. 7391; 4. No. 8905; 5. No. 5996; 6. No. 8956; 7. No. 390.

Fig. 11. Grave goods from different chronological phases from Domastaw/ Chrzanéw.

Tab. 1. List of graves and pottery deposits according to the phases of the cemetery use and the practice of placing the bones into the burials.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Накити в България и Великоморавия от IX–X в. (византийски културни влияния)

by Валери Григоров

2024, Българско е-Списание за Археология

The study explores jewellery from the so-called "Byzantine–Oriental" group, distributed in Bulgaria and Great Moravia in the 9th–10th c. The analysis offered is aimed at showing the close link between the political context in... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Beyond adaptability and vulnerability: Migration as a resilience strategy

by Sepideh Maziar سپیده مازیار

2024, The archaeology of migration and ethnic minorities. Leiden

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Der Mythos im Dienst der Politik: das Beispiel der euripideischen Tragödie Ion

by Jakub Kuciak

2024, Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica

The author analyzes the Euripidean tragedy Ion. In this article an attempt was made to explain some important elements, such as the date, when the play could have been staged, and political situation of Athens in that time. Essential... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Urnfields in their own way: The Late Bronze Age on the southern Baltic coast (middle and eastern Pomerania)

by Karol Dzięgielewski

2024, Beyond Urnfields. New Perspectives on Late Bronze Age – Early Iron Age Funerary Practices in Northwest Europe (H. Agerskov Rose, L. Christensen & A. Louwen eds.)

The traditionally perceived vision of the Late Bronze Age in Pomerania (northern Poland) emphasised the affinity of this region to other lands occupied by the Lusatian culture, an entity understood then as a self-conscious macrostructure.... more

Fig. 1. Middle and eastern Pomerania in the developed Late Bronze Age. A: Period IV to early V; B: younger Period V ana VI/HaC. 1: Hoards; 2: Barrow cemeteries of the Siemirowice phase (including alleged sites); 3: Flat and barrow cemeteries 0 the Wladystawowo phase (graphics K. Dziegielewski). The purpose of this chapter is to point out the economic and social specificity of the coastal com- munities of the Late Bronze Age that can support evidence for the fundamental differences between them and the ‘core’ Lusatian regions in the hinterland (Silesia, Greater Poland, central Poland). These variations go deeper than just ‘ethnographic’ differences in dress or pottery style.

Fig. 3. Gniezdzewo, site 4 (AZP 03-42/35), Puck District. The functional interpretation of the lay- out of a part of the Early Iron Age settlement (after Dz1ECHCIARZ 2018; graphics P. Dziechciarz).

a Similar remarks apply to bronze agricultural tools, especially sickles, and, to a lesser extent (be- ause of their looser link with agricultural activity), to axes. Sickles are absent in ME Pomerania 10t only from the (not numerous) settlements but also from hoards and single finds during Period: IL and early V (cf. Gepi 1995; Bukowski 1998; BLayER 2001, maps 24-27). In the last phase of the 3ronze Age (the Wtadystawowo phase), only one sickle type was encountered in this region, and thi: vas a knobbed sickle of the Pomeranian type, according to Gedl’s typology (Knopfsicheln vom Pom- nerschen Typ: GEDL 1995, 65-70, pl. 44B). This tool type is close to the Lusatian knobbed sickles 1owever, it is much smaller (always shorter than 10 cm) in which it resembles small Nordic sickle: Baupou 1960, 45). The larger Lusatian knobbed sickles are virtually absent here (GEDL 1995, pls (2-43). The distribution of these harvesting tools in hoards is confined almost to the areas north o! he Pomeranian morainic ridge, on the lower and more fertile patch of the coastal belt (Fig. 4). Ther« ire a handful of single finds of Pomeranian sickles as well (distributed almost similarly), but the en- ire collection from ME Pomerania is only under 40 items. Keeping in mind the usual inventories o! he hoards deposited south of the Noteé river, in Greater Poland or Silesia (cf. BLayER 2001, 102-109) yften with several dozen sickles in just one assemblage (e.g. Nowe Kramsko, Zielona Géra District vith 54 sickles preserved whole and 182 fragments; ORLICKA-JASNOCH 2019), one has to realise th« completely different cultural valourisation of this agricultural tool (or the cereal agriculture itself? n the societies north of the Noteé river valley. This observation is corroborated by the fact that there ire no pure hoards of agricultural tools in Pomerania; usually, small sickles or axes are just an addi- ion to different categories of utensils.

Fig. 5. Inventory of the Charzykowy hoard (mid-Period V) (after RzAsKA/ WALENTA 2017, 81). or socketed axes, we can see a clear evolution from larger forms derived from the south (Lusatiar s) towards the shorter Kopaniewo type, which resembles the Nordic short Tiillenbeile (KUSNIER: , 26, 59). These axes are the only genuine local type of axe, which clearly differs from the ‘core tian culture areas with their great variety of local variants of socketed axes (KUSNIERZ 1998). Smal aniewo axes are distributed, along with only a few finds of imported axes (of western European h German, Silesian/Greater Poland, or eastern Baltic types), ina manner quite similar to the sickles in the other hand, the Lusatian culture hoards south of the Noteé river usually lacked one of th ninent elements present in Pomeranian hoards: the horse harness. The sets from ME Pomeraniar ds rarely include ‘technical’ elements of bridles, such as bits or cheek-pieces, but mostly consist o: ‘ments, such as sumptuous phalerae sets or jingle plates (Fig. 5). These characteristics are shared witl r south Baltic communities (LAMPE 1982; BuKowsk1 1998; SzcZUREK/KACZMAREK 2022 fig. 49). ooking at the chronology of the occurrence of the two groups (horse-gear and agricultural tools oards, one can observe a striking negative correlation. The former are mostly related to the olde: A few exceptions to this rule occur in middle Pomerania, e.g. the Kaliska II horse harness/militaria hoard, which prob- ably dates to the turn of HaB3/HaC (SzczuREK/KaAczMAREK 2022).

Fig. 6. General comparison of the chemical composition of artefacts from the Gdansk- Oliwa hoard, according to the results of the XRF examination (analysis by M. Biborski; photo after Dz1EGIELEWSK! 2017; graphics K. Dziegielewski).

Fig. 7. Distribution chart of the Lenzersilge-Darsekau-type socketed axes (variants Klein Hesebeck, Offensen, Watenstedt, and Gross Sachau defined by Laux 2005; graphics K. Dziegielewski).

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Е. АНАСТАСОВА. ПЕРСОНИФИКАЦИИТЕ В РИМСКОТО ИЗКУСТВО ОТ ТЕРИТОРИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ (І-ІІІ в.). АВТОРЕФЕРАТ.

by Elina Anastasova

2024, Е. АНАСТАСОВА. ПЕРСОНИФИКАЦИИТЕ В РИМСКОТО ИЗКУСТВО ОТ ТЕРИТОРИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ (І-ІІІ в.). АВТОРЕФЕРАТ.

Автореферат на дисертационния труд "Персонификациите в римското изкуство от територията на България (I-III в.)".

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Putting One’s Feet Up Under the Palm Trees. Some Examples of Ceramic Sculpture from Tell el-Dab‘a Locus 81

by David Aston

2024, K. Gabler, R. Gautschy, L. Bohnenkämper, H. Jenni, C. Reymond, R. Zillhardt, A. Loprieno-Gnirs, and H.H. Munch eds., Text-Bild-Objekte im archäologischen Kontext. Festschrift für Susanne Bickel, (Lingua Aegyptia. Studia Monographica 22

Binden und Entflechten? Bemerkungen zu den Beschädigungen des smA-tAwj-Motivs an den Thronen des Tutanchamun .

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

H. Aurigny & C. Durvye (Ed.) Artémis près d'Apollon. Kernos Suppl. 37, 2021

by ulrike muss

2024, Gnomon

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Rez. zu H. Aurigny & C. Durvye (Hrsg), Artémis près d' Apollon. Kernos Suppl.37, 20217

by ulrike muss

2024, Gnomon

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

The Archaeology of Migration and Ethnic Minorities, Leiden, November 28-30, 2024

by Hagit Nol

2024

What do we expect about a debate on migra on during the Early Islamic period? Some ideas concerning the case of al-Andalus Beyond adaptability and vulnerability: Migra on as a resilience strategy

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

The Comparison of Inhabitants in Three Roman Towns Emona, Celeia, and Siscia

by Julijana Visočnik

2024, Name and Identity: Selected studies on ancient anthroponymy through the Mediterranean

Siscia is part of a comparative study with Celeia (Noricum) and Emona (Regio X). The three civitates are almost neighbors. Some of their inhabitants shared culture, affinities, and onomastics. However, they belong to different provinces,... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Skrdla et al 2024 M Plevovce KSD

by Yuri Demidenko

2024, Solving Stone Age puzzles: From artefacts and sites towards archaeological interpretations Adrián Nemergut – Martin Novák et al

A salvage excavation was conducted in difficult conditions to recover a fourth stone structure –labeled KSD (abbrevitation “KS” is “kamenná struktura” in Czech and means “stone structure” in English)
in Mohelno-Plevovce during 2020–2021.

Fig. 9.1. Location of the site (A) and drone image showing individual excavated features (B). As the DaleSice waterworks forms an integral part of the Czech power grid network, and the func- tioning of the Czech Republic electric grid has priority over archaeological excavations, the salvage archaeological works are only possible when the area is not flooded, i.e. only during short time windows during by maintenance breaks (cf. Skrdla et al. 2018). A short visit of the site is often possi- ble in the early morning (ca 6am), when maximum volumes of water from the lower (VD Mohelno) reservoir are pumped into the upper reservoir, and the water level in VD Mohelno is at its minimum. Sunrise occurs later in the day during wintertime and filling of the upper reservoir cannot be com- pleted each day. In addition, the water-logging of sediments just after reduced water levels make movement over the terrain difficult. The above-mentioned factors make all visits, surveys, and exca- vation complicated with uncertain results.

Excavation methodology Stone structures KSD and KSE in Mohelno-Plevovce were discovered in early 2019. While KSE was excavated in 2019, KSD was excavated during 2020-21. Both structures were excavated over several subsequent excavation campaigns permitted by the time constraints of the short maintenance breaks throughout 2019-2021. The excavation area is almost always under the water surface so opportunities for archaeological excavations are very limited. While KSA and KSB were excavated during longer maintenance breaks that lasted for several days, opportunities for excavation of KSD and KSE were more limited. The excavation was realized during a series of short breaks over three consecutive days. This unusual set of circumstances required a tailored excavation methodology. The field work must be swift, but precise at the same time — we propose to name this technique ‘salvage-systematic’ excavation. Digging is generally possible for only several hours during the early morning immediately after the area drains, and until the area floods again towards the middle part of the day. The excavated sediments are water-logged and not easy to dig, store, and transport for wet sieving (Fig. 9.3A). The excavation continues until the trenches flood. The following day, water in the trench must be bucketed out (Fig. 9.3B) before the excavation resumes and rising water (from sedi- ment) complicates digging. Before transport to the wet-sieving station, the excavated sediments are placed in buckets (101 each) and individual sectors (0.5 « 0.5 m) and layers (the Ist layer is sediment above the stones and from gaps between individual stones, the second layer is sediment below the stones) are labelled. Some of the sediments are wet-sieved during the excavation on the edge of the water reservoir in the area of the fluctuating water level, and some of the sediment is transported ca 250m out of reach of the fluctuating water level to be wet-sieved later. The shape of the stone structure has been reconstructed from photographs using photogrammetry (Fig. 9.3C, 4). No strati- graphic observations, or identification of possible pits or post holes below the pavement, or artefact bearing horizon are possible in these excavation conditions.

Fig. 9.3. Excavation of KSD. Photo by P. Skrdla and J. Bartik.

Fig. 9.5. Spatial distribution of finds. Graphics T. Rychtafikova and P. Skrdla.

L1ICaVvVY QULy StOHe HIGUSUL Y Stone structure D (hereafter KSD) yielded 235 pieces interpreted as heavy duty implements These artefacts are characterized by traces of pounding, grinding, or polishing. These artefacts were identified among the floor stones (however, some of them were located stratigraphically higher, seemingly above the pavement — Fig. 9.3E, F), where orthogneiss predominates. Despite the weathered surface of the orthogneiss, it cannot be conclusively determined whether it was used as part of the floor, or as a functional artefact. Use of pavement stones for a wide range of other activities has already been noted at a similarly dated site in Grubgraben (Montet-White, Williams 1994). In KSD, fragments of slabs with working surfaces made of granulite and amphibolite, as well as fragments with negatives and clearly visible bulbs, were observed and analysed.

A new question asked for the KSD lithic material was artefact numbers and weight per raw material. Raw materials imported from greater distances including erratic flint and radiolarite follow the expected pattern predicting more economical use — their proportion is greater in numbers than weight, suggesting the raw material was reduced to complete exhaustion. While local quartz artefacts show higher weight values, other local raw materials (including rock crystal, smoky quartz, and plasma) show different patterns. While the number of items and weight proportions for plasma and Krumlovsky les-type chert are similar, the proportion of artefact numbers is twice that of the weight proportion for rock crystal and smoky quartz (perhaps the influence of higher cleavage resulting in more tiny chips?).

—_. There are 16 tools (3.2% of assemblage, counted without microlithic tools, but not all have been identified vet), that include burins (5 items), endscrapers (7 items), a borer (Fig. 9.6: 19), a combined tool (a truncation with a notch, Fig. 9.6: 20), and four retouched flakes (Fig. 9.6: 8, 9). The burins include a multiple burin (Fig. 9.6: 32), a burin on a truncation (Fig. 9.6: 22), a burin on a retouched point (Fig. 9.6: 23), a transversal burin (Fig. 9.6: 21), and a burin on a broken bladelet (Fig. 9.6: 31). The endscrapers include two atypical carinated endscraper/cores (Fig. 9.6: 11, 12), two endscrapers ona short flake (Fig. 9.6: 15, 16), an endscraper on a blade (Fig. 9.6: 13), an endscraper on a broken blade (Fig. 9.6: 17), and an endscraper combined with a notch (Fig. 9.6: 14). The last five items are thin in cross section. An atypical carinated endscraper/core (Fig. 9.6: 24) was found during surface preparation before excavation (not included in the inventoried artefacts list). In addition, two flakes (Fig. 9.6: 18) and a bladelet (Fig. 9.6: 3) are partially retouched.

Tab 9.3. Radiocarbon dating for individual stone structures, calibrated using CalPal software (Weninger, Joris 2008) on the IntCal20 curve (Reimer et al. 2020). Discussion

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Twenty years of Kura-Araxes research at Tel Bet Yerah: What we have learned

by Mark Iserlis

2024

Bet Yerah has provided us with an opportunity to advance the study of diasporic Kura-Araxes research in multiple ways. Reflecting on what we have learned in twenty years at the site, we summarize the evidence for an assemblage that goes... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Examining the distribution of Middle Paleolithic Nubian cores relative to chert quality in southern (Nejd, Dhofar) and south-central (Duqm, Al Wusta) Oman

by Jeff Rose and

2024, Geoarchaeology

Lithic raw material properties are often invoked to explain the presence, absence, form, or ontogeny of Paleolithic stone tools. Here, we explore whether the frequency of the Middle Paleolithic Nubian core form and core-reduction systems... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

FINAL VERSION. Pots, Pans, and People: Material Culture and Nature in Mesoamerican Ceramics

by Eduardo Williams

2024, Pots, Pans, and People

In this book, the author explores material culture and human adaptations to nature over time. Material culture refers to the artifacts, tools, instruments, and other objects that people use to adapt to their environment —in this case,... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Finds of decorative elements of horse harness for riding of the Roman period from the vicinity of Rykhtychi village near Drohobych

by Yaroslav Onyshchuk

2024, Східноєвропейський історичний вісник

The purposeof the research is to study and introduce into scientific circulation a complex of finds of decorative elements of horse harness from the outskirts of the village of Rykhtychi near Drohobych in the context of cultural and... more

The purposeof the research is to study and introduce into scientific circulation a complex of finds of decorative elements of horse harness from the outskirts of the village of Rykhtychi near Drohobych in the context of cultural and historical processes that took place in the territory of Eastern Prykarpattia and Western Volyn during the Roman period. Their participants were a multi-ethnic barbarian population that came to these lands from the Middle Danube during or after the end of the Marcomannic Wars (last quarter of the 2nd century AD) and disappeared in the phase of migration of the Gothic tribes to the Northern Black Sea region (the 3rd century AD). The methodology of the research is based on various principles of scientific study: historicism, objectivity, systematicity, which determined the application of both general scientific (analytical, statistical, historical retrospective and perspective, synthesis and analysis) and special (comparative typological, stratigraphic, cartographic, material science analysis and etc.) methods. This enabled a versatile and critical approach to the study of the problems of emergence, nature and significance of the complex of finds from the vicinity of Rykhtychi and ensured the reliability f the obtained results and conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research work consists in the study and introduction into scientific circulation of a set of decorative elements of horse harness for riding from the outskirts of the village of Rykhtychi, unique in the lands of Ukraine, and determining its place among similar complexes in the territory of Central Europe. The Conclusions. It was determined that the find of decorative elements of horse harness for riding from the vicinity of Rykhtychi reflects the complex events of the last quarter of the 2d century AD, related to the Marcomannic Wars in the Middle Danube. Based on a number of analogies from the territory of Central and Northern Europe, it was determined that the complex can be a votive offering to the gods for success in solving certain cases, a positive result in achieving the set goal, etc. In barbarian societies, they were made in water environments (rivers, lakes, swamps), on the tops or gentle slopes of hills, in crevices of rocks. The find from the vicinity of Rykhtychi may mark one of the migration routes of a certain group of people from the Middle Danube region through the Carpathians to Western Pobuzhzhia.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Theophore Personennamen in Westkleinasien. Neue Überlegungen auf der Grundlage des Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Vol. V.A: Pontus to Ionia (2010). (‘Theophoric Personal Names in Western Asia Minor.)

by Altay Coskun

2024, Epigraphica Anatolica 44

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Tarsolylemezek. Kiállítási katalógus, Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum

by Gabriella M. Lezsák

2024, TARSOLYLEMEZEK ÉS SZEGÉLYVERETES TARSOLYOK KELET-EURÓPA KORA KÖZÉPKORI RÉGÉSZETI HAGYATÉKÁBAN

Tiszaeszlár-Bashalom I. temető 10. sír 9. Tiszanána-Cseh-tanya 1. sír 10. Karos-Eperjesszög II. temető 52. sír 11. Perbete 3. sír 12. Rakamaz-Strázsadomb A sír 13. Tarcal-Rimai-dűlő 14. Karos-Eperjesszög II. temető 29. sír 2 15.... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

EPHEMERIS HUNGAROLOGICA

by Gabriella M. Lezsák

2024, Az Anapa melletti Andrejevszkaja scsel 10. századi leleteinek Kárpát-medencei párhuzamai

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Traceological analysis of Paleolithic backed points from Dhofar: insights into South Arabian projectile technology

by Yamandu Hilbert

2024, International Association for the Study of Arabia

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

From hunter-gatherers to farmers: contributions of traceology to the study of prehistoric lithic technology in arabia

by Yamandu Hilbert

2024, Paleorient vol 49.1 p.63-85

Archaeological investigations of the Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene human occupation of the nearly 3 million square kilometres that make up the vast and diverse landscapes of the Arabian Peninsula are hampered by a series of... more

Archaeological investigations of the Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene human occupation of the nearly 3 million square kilometres that make up the vast and diverse landscapes of the Arabian Peninsula are hampered by a series of shortcomings. Some of the problems when trying to reconstruct human occupation and behaviour based on material culture are imposed by the state of preservation of archaeological finds. The shift from dry to wet and back to dry conditions at the end of the Holocene climate optimum has obliterated all prehistoric organic remains, leaving archaeologists with nothing but dust and rocks. In order to reconstruct how humans have adapted to these, at times, challenging environments, archaeologists have turned to the most durable of human cultural expressions: Lithics. While technology and typology are used to classify lithic artefacts, traceology, i.e., the study of tool use, provides insights into the kinetics of stone tools as well as tasks accomplished and materials transformed with the help of these. This article reports on traceological data from the prehistory of Arabia from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Late Palaeolithic and the Neolithic. We address shifting technological and functional paradigms and discuss the limitations of their interpretation, mostly imposed by taphonomic alterations on the lithic assemblages. Résumé. Les recherches archéologiques portant sur l'occupation humaine au cours du Pléistocène final et de l'Holocène des près de trois millions de kilomètres carrés que constituent les paysages divers de la péninsule Arabique sont entravées par une série de lacunes. Lorsqu'on essaie de reconstituer l'occupation et le comportement humains, certains des problèmes majeurs sont induits par les oscillations environnementales qui ont marqué les paysages régionaux au cours des trente derniers millénaires. Les variations entre phases arides et humides, puis dernièrement le retour à l'aridité à la fin de l'optimum climatique de l'Holocène ont pratiquement effacé tous les vestiges organiques préhistoriques, ne laissant aux archéologues que poussière et pierres. Afin de reconstituer la façon dont les humains se sont adaptés à ces environnements parfois difficiles, les archéologues se sont tournés vers l'une des expressions culturelles humaines les plus durables: les industries lithiques. Alors que la technologie et la typologie offrent quelques informations sur la façon dont les outils ont été fabriqués et comment les classer, la tracéologie, l'étude de l'utilisation des outils, fournit des informations sur la cinétique des outils en pierre, les tâches accomplies et les matériaux transformés. Cet article se concentre sur les données tracéologiques de la Préhistoire de l'Arabie, du Paléolithique supérieur, au Paléolithique récent et au Néolithique. Nous aborderons les changements de paradigmes technologiques et fonctionnels et discuterons des limites de l'approche, principalement imposées par les altérations taphonomiques sévères sur les assemblages lithiques.

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

The origin of the Juch'uypampa Cave mummies: strontium isotope analysis of archaeological human remains from Bolivia

by Kelly Knudson

2024, Journal of Archaeological Science

Previous analyses of strontium isotopes from human bone and teeth have identified diverse patterns of residential mobility in the South Central Andes during the Middle Horizon (AD 500â€"1100). During this time, the large polity of T... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Cammei di vetro a Verona: gli esemplari antichi

by Alessandra Magni

2024, XX Giornate Nazionali di Studio sul Vetro (Genova 2020): La multidisciplinarietà nella ricerca sul vetro

This contribution presents the glass cameo collection (almost 25 items), now housed in the Museo Archeologico al Teatro Romano in Verona MATR). First, the techniques for making moulded glass cameos in the late Hellenistic and early... more

descriptionView Paper arrow_downwardDownload

Migrations (Archaeology)

Related Topics