Migration And Health

The large-scale international migration of Belarusian citizens is not a new phenomenon. However, it has escalated significantly since the fraudulent Presidential elections in August 2020 led to mass protests, repression, and the forced emigration and exile of between 300,000-500,000 Belarusians. This paper reports on the health and wellbeing experiences and needs of Belarusians who have migrated to Lithuania, Poland and Georgia since August 2020. Drawing on data from a survey (822 respondents), and from 60 in-depth interviews with those in exile the paper examines experiences of settlement and adjustment, challenges accessing healthcare services, migrant mental health needs and the role of diaspora groups in the provision of support. Across these themes we report how ontological insecurity and ambiguities around 'deservingness' have been exacerbated by the unfolding tensions and conflict across the eastern European region, with widescale detrimental impacts on Belarusian migrants' health and wellbeing.

The aim of this study was to explain the risks of the crisis management process in responding to natural disasters with the focus on earthquakes. This quantitative, descriptive, analytic study was conducted in Doroud City, Lorestan province, Iran in 2017. The society of the research comprises all members of the Doroud Crisis Management team, out of which 140 people were selected by stratified random sampling. In order to collect data, self-made questionnaires comprising 40 questions and 6 domains (structural, therapeutic, help and rescue, safety, hygiene, logistics)and based on the Likert Five Option Spectrum (extremely low=1, extremely high=5)were used. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, they were assessed and verified by experts in the field. To assess the reliability, however, the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of 0.89 was applied. The data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Independent T-test and variance analysis using SPSS21. The findings showed that safety with a mean and standard deviation of 4.91±0.68 was the highest and structure with a mean and standard deviation of 2.03±0.64 was the lowest domains under the assessment of crisis management. Also, training courses in therapeutic and hygiene domains, and work experience in therapeutic, help and rescue, security, logistics domains made a considerable difference (p=0.05). From the perspective of the sample under study, the domains of therapeutic and hygiene have the highest importance factor, logistics was allocated the lowest priority. Applying the proper assessment of different risk frameworks, the researchers reviewed each domain proportionate to the probability of an earthquake in the study area. This way by identifying the potential hazards and risks in view of important and effective domains, the dangers could be prioritized and management programs could be implemented.

In seinem einzigartigen und subjektiven Kranksein befindet sich der Patient in einer existenziellen Grenzsituation. Er gibt seinem Krankheitszustand einen Sinn und deutet dieses Erlebnis mit seinen Wertüberzeugungen und -haltun- gen. Diese Sinngebung findet keineswegs in einem kulturell sterilen Raum statt. Religiöse Glaubensüberzeugungen, traditionelle Sinndeutungen und ge- sellschaftlich geprägte moralische Anschauung und Haltung gestalten diesen Sinngebungsprozess und beeinflussen zugleich Handlungen und Haltungen des Patienten.

This study analyzed the individual characteristics of Central American trans‐migrants relevant to their socio-economic background, sex and age, combined with other societal, environmental and structural factors, identified from literature as potential sources of social vulnerability and ill health, that are attributable to their transit through México. The findings showed that traveling undocumented through Mexican territory has a direct negative effect

Sin dalla metà dell’Ottocento gli Stati europei, così come quelli nord e sudamericani, hanno messo in campo politiche e pratiche di selezione per gerarchizzare i migranti in base alla loro condotta politica e morale, allo stato di salute, alla razza. Attorno a questi cardini, si è così sviluppato un processo di definizione dei soggetti ritenuti «indesiderabili», una categoria sociale e amministrativa insieme, propedeutica alla criminalizzazione dei migranti e delle migrazioni. A partire da singoli casi di studio, questo volume analizza le diverse forme con cui il diritto è intervenuto per arginare o reprimere le migrazioni: le condizioni, cioè, in cui il diritto è stato usato per filtrare e selezionare i migranti a partire da categorie sociali ed economiche. I capitoli spaziano su di un periodo che va dalla metà dell’Ottocento fino ai giorni nostri, facendo dialogare storiografie differenti, come la storia del diritto, la storia della scienza, la storia del lavoro, per studiare i processi di definizione della categoria di «indesiderabile».

Based on extensive review of global evidence, the recommendations of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health highlight the need for strengthening research on health equity with a focus on social determinants of health.

To do so requires a paradigm shift that explicitly addresses social, political, and economic processes that influence population health; this shift is under way and complements existing research in medicine, the life sciences, and public health.

Reflecting further synthesis and stakeholder consultations, an agenda for future research on health equity is outlined in four distinct yet interrelated areas: (1) global factors and processes that affect health equity; (2) structures and processes that differentially affect people's chances to be healthy within a given society; (3) health system factors that affect health equity; and (4) policies and interventions to reduce health inequity.

Influencing regional and national research priorities on equity and health and their implementation requires joint efforts towards creating a critical mass of researchers, expanding collaborations and networks, and refining norms and standards, with WHO having an important role given recent mandates.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, or wildfires can profoundly impact human life, infrastructure, and economies, leading to crises that are extremely difficult to repair and may take a long time to recover from, depending on the scale of the disaster. In cases of large scale disasters, public institutions and organizations may not always be able to address emerging challenges solely with their own resources, particularly during the acute phase. Therefore, alongside public institutions, the involvement of non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) in post-disaster response is of critical importance. NGOs play a key role in disaster management processes by providing rapid and effective interventions, thereby alleviating the burden on the state. However, the collaboration processes between the state and NGOs also
bring about certain challenges. To address these issues, it is essential to enhance coordination, reduce bureaucratic obstacles, strengthen mutual trust, and ensure effective pre-disaster planning. A well-functioning state-NGO partnership in disaster management is crucial for
developing faster and more efficient solutions during crisis situations. The main objective of this study is to examine and analyze the relationship between the state and non-governmental organizations following natural disasters, discuss the challenges faced, and develop potential
solutions. The study is based on data obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with NGO representatives as part of a TUBİTAK project, incorporating relevant literature, theory, and research by the authors. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it utilizes interview.

caractéristiques spécifiques identifiées ont ensuite été analysées de façon comparative transversale en prenant en compte l'ensemble des programmes inclus dans l'étude. Pour chaque programme, les informations relatives à l'organisation du programme et à son ancrage ont été extraites de nombreux documents : contrats, rapports, évaluations et autres (dépliants, statistiques, protocoles, sites Internet, etc.). Une dizaine d'interviews téléphoniques ou en face à face ont été conduites avec les responsables des programmes ou d'autres personnes. Plusieurs instruments ont été utilisés lors de l'interview ou de sa préparation : une check-list des obstacles et éléments favorisants potentiels de l'ancrage, une check-list des dimensions d'ancrage, un guide d'interview comprenant l'ensemble des questions spécifiques à poser pour chaque programme. Les organigrammes des programmes ont également été utilisés pour la préparation de l'interview et vérifiés et amendés lors de celui-ci. Programme Prévention des dépendances dans les communes Depuis 1993, la fondation Radix Promotion de la santé gère pour l'OFSP le programme de promotion et de financement de projets de prévention des dépendances dans les communes. Au niveau national, le programme a réussi son institutionnalisation dans Radix, mais la participation financière de l'OFSP reste nécessaire. Le Salon des dépendances, qui s'est tenu en 1995, 1998 et 2001, a permis le développement d'un networking large et bien implanté. Le programme est bien connu des partenaires et bénéficie d'une image favorable. Au niveau des cantons, la diffusion du programme est bonne, seul le Tessin n'est pas atteint. Les instances cantonales de prévention sont parfois insuffisamment impliquées. Au niveau local on trouve une bonne collaboration avec les centres de prévention. Le design des projets incorpore de plus en plus fréquemment des caractéristiques favorisant leur ancrage et/ou leur diffusion (projets modèles). L'exigence de cofinancement n'est pas un obstacle. Les interventions proposées par le programme sont très bien acceptées et les idées directrices sont reprises par les communautés concernées. Au niveau cantonal, l'institutionnalisation du programme est meilleure dans les associations de jeunesse qui ont un rapport direct ou indirect avec la prévention que dans les autres. Le programme est bien diffusé en Suisse alémanique et en Romandie, mais pas au Tessin. Au niveau local, la collaboration avec les associations est bonne. Le bénévolat est un facteur positif d'acceptation et d'efficacité des interventions. Les associations de jeunesse constituent un 'setting' qui a permis de mettre sur pied une formation à large échelle et d'atteindre un vaste public. Le programme propose depuis 1997 son soutien pour la planification et la réalisation de projets qui traitent de thèmes relatifs à la vie des jeunes. Au niveau national, il n'existe aucune organisation sur laquelle le programme pourrait s'appuyer pour intervenir dans ce domaine. Les changements de mandataire pour la réalisation du programme attestent de cette difficulté. Le recours à des personnes relais dans les régions a partiellement pallié ce problème. La reprise du programme par la section Intervention drogues de l'OFSP et l'allongement de la durée du contrat avec le nouveau mandataire constituent une consolidation du programme. Le financement de l'OFSP reste nécessaire bien que des sponsors aient été trouvés. Au niveau cantonal, le programme intervient dans pratiquement tous les cantons. Au niveau local, le programme est bien accepté. Les compétences acquises par les intervenants dans les projets sont réutilisées ailleurs et les projets eux-mêmes sont source d'inspiration. L'exigence de cofinancement n'est pas un obstacle. Le programme-cadre est un programme commun de l'OFSP, de la Conférence des directeurs cantonaux de l'instruction publique (CDIP) et de la Fondation 19 (maintenant: Promotion Santé Suisse). En étroite collaboration avec le programme parallèle REES-CH, il sélectionne et finance des projets de promotion de la santé dans les écoles depuis 1992. Au niveau national, la collaboration entre les partenaires semble reposer sur un consensus fragile concernant l'objectif fondamental de développement de conditions-cadres favorables à la promotion de la santé. Il existe également un certain flou quand à la répartition des rôles et des responsabilités entre ces partenaires. Au niveau cantonal, l'exigence de soutien de la part des cantons aux projets est un facteur d'ancrage, de même que celle d'adhésion au REES-CH. Il existe cependant des réticences à l'intervention de la Confédération dans le domaine scolaire. Dans beaucoup de cantons, il n'y a pas d'instances spécialisées dans la promotion de la santé. Au niveau des projets, les critères d'acceptation se révèlent parfois difficiles à mettre en pratique. L'orientation 'promotion de la santé' des projets est difficile à faire admettre, bien que le label 'OFSP' soit un argument positif. Les tableaux ci-dessous résument la situation de l'ancrage politique du ProMeDro pour la période 1991-2000 dans les villes et dans les cantons inclus dans l'étude. Dans l'ensemble, l'acceptation du ProMeDro est bonne ; seuls 3 villes et 5 cantons appartiennent aux catégories de 'consensus négatif' ou de 'refus conflictuel'. Ancrage politique du ProMeDro : villes Consensus positif

Os sistemas de saúde assumem a responsabilidade não só de melhorar a saúde das populações mas também de as proteger do custo da doença e de as tratar com dignidade. Tendo por base as três dimensões que definem os sistemas de saúde (regulação, financiamento e prestação), e que cada dimensão pode ser dominada por três tipos de atores (estado, social e privado), no âmbito deste trabalho é nosso propósito estudar os sistemas de saúde de tipo Seguro Nacional de Saúde (nomeadamente dos países como o Canadá, a Austrália, a Nova Zelândia e a Irlanda), na perspetiva das respostas às legitimas expectativas dos cidadãos. Assim, iremos proceder a uma revisão da literatura para chegarmos aos objetivos específicos: (i) descrever sucintamente os sistemas de saúde baseados no seguro nacional de saúde, onde se podem incluir a Austrália, Canadá, Irlanda e Nova Zelândia; (ii) caracterizar o conceito de responsiveness; (iii) identificar a presença da responsiveness nestes sistemas. A forma como os sistemas de saúde interagem com as pessoas é determinante para o seu bem estar. Avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de saúde não se limita à avaliação dos resultados em saúde mas também no respeito e integração dos princípios éticos e dos direitos humanos.

Background: Migrant workers suffer poor health due to underutilization of existing health services on account of their floating status, they are missed out on very basic registrations for health services like immunization, ANC visits, supplementary nutrition for mother and eventually the child. They form a major chunk of population that is skipped from ongoing attempts of universal health coverage and especially the children become vulnerable. Objectives: To study the Immunization and Nutritional Status of migrant children of Lucknow and determine their environmental and living conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 intrastate and 183 interstate migrant workers in Lucknow. All randomly selected children 6-59 months of age paired with their mothers were the study population. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for interview. Length and Height of the migrant child were measured using horizontal and vertical wooden scale respectively. Weight was measu...

The aim of the article is to identify the main obstacles related to the language barriers that arise between migrants/refugee patients and healthcare personnel in the field of gynecology and obstetrics. To identify these obstacles a qualitative research was conducted from May 2017 to June 2018 among migrant/refugees and healthcare workers in Slovenia. The results show that first, linguistic obstacles are often the consequence of the lack of available professional healthcare interpreters/intercultural mediators; second, the absence of training of medical personnel on linguistic dimensions of healthcare causes inadequate awareness of interpreter's/intercultural mediator's role; and third, the linguistic obstacles that migrant/refugee women face hinder their access to basic health rights, entitlements and limitations, including reproductive rights. These obstacles significantly impair the ability of Slovene healthcare system to establish quality communication with migrant/refugee women and may cause inequalities among foreign-speaking healthcare users in their access to healthcare.

Background Sweden has welcomed migrants, but attitudes have shifted, becoming hostile due to populism and the growing number of migrants. This has left migrants feeling unwelcome and marginalized. Few studies have examined the extent to which migrants perceive discrimination, who, why, where and its relationships with different outcomes. This study has two aims: to assess the prevalence, reasons, and determinants of perceived discrimination among migrants (1) and its associations with self-rated health, sexual health, healthcare use, and integration (2). We analysed data from a 2018 survey on migrants' sexual and reproductive health and rights. The survey included 1740 migrants aged 16 or older. We used descriptive and log-binomial regression analyses to estimate prevalence, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results About 36% of participants perceived discrimination in Sweden, with ethnic origin (62%) and religion (35%) as main reasons. Perceived discrimination occurred in public spaces (47%), schools (33%), internet (20%), work (19%), public services (18%), residential areas (16%), and healthcare settings (10%).

Background: Population movements have been increasing over the past years in Europe due to socioeconomic factors, global turbulence and conflicts, especially in the area of Middle East. The presence of migrant populations in Europe challenges health systems due to increased requirements for health care provision. However, to date there is limited published data on the burden of disease among this population (in Greece and elsewhere). Our objective was to record burden of disease of undocumented migrants hosted in a Detention Center and therefore generate data for migrant and public health planning. Methods: Epidemiological data have been collected for 4756 male migrants hosted in a Detention Center from mid 2013 to mid 2015. Of them, 1427 have used health services in the Center, which maintained a detailed record of their medical history and tests. Results: The majority of the study population was aged between 18 and 40 years old. Among those who used health services, most suffered from respiratory (45.6%) and digestive (30.1%) diseases. Injury, poisoning and other external causes accounted for 19.6% of service use, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 18.7%, and factors affecting health status and contact with health services for 16.7%. Prevalence of communicable diseases was 15.9% amongst migrants randomly tested. Conclusion: Systematic screening and monitoring of diseases and use of health services by migrants in detention centers allows for an evidence based understanding of the burden of disease related to these populations and the investment required to effectively manage it, thus providing critical input to appropriate health planning. Surveillance for communicable diseases amongst migrants in detention centers would also allow for a true picture of the impact of their presence on public health indicators and help address related prejudices and stigma.

The well-being of both individuals and society is seriously threatened by drug and substance abuse among young people in urban Kenya. This digitally native group is frequently difficult for traditional sensitization techniques to reach and engage effectively. This desktop research proposal describes a thorough examination of the possible function and efficacy of digital platforms for raising youth awareness of drug and substance abuse in urban Kenya. This study will investigate the prevalence of substance use, current sensitization initiatives, digital media usage patterns among Kenyan youth, and the implementation of digital interventions both locally and globally through a systematic review of literature published primarily between 2010 and 2025. The goal of the study is to find effective digital tactics, examine the variables that affect their efficacy, and make evidence-based suggestions for improving sensitization campaigns. In the end, this study aims to inform policymakers, practitioners, and technology developers about leveraging digital platforms to mitigate drug and substance abuse among urban Kenyan youth.

Cet article examine les articulations de l’activité de permanence juridique du Gisti avec ses combats politiques, à travers l’analyse des dossiers « nationalité » traités par la permanence entre 1993 et 1998. Ces dossiers concernent souvent des enjeux peu visibles dans le débat public de l’époque, mais les combats politiques du Gisti y jouent néanmoins un rôle important. Ils permettent d’identifier l’association comme un « expert militant » et servent de ressource pour les membres tenant la permanence, notamment face aux impasses juridiques rencontrées.

ENG

This article examines the connections between Gisti’s legal support service and its political struggles through the analysis of ‘nationality’ cases handled by the service from 1993 to 1998. These cases often involve issues that were not very visible in the public debate of the time, but Gisti’s political struggles nevertheless play a significant role. They help to identify the association as an “activist expert” and serve as a resource for members managing the service, particularly when facing legal deadlocks.

This paper aims to analyze the perspectives and meanings of social participation for the participants in a health program. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on the Andalusian Program against HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted infections. The participants were selected through a theoretic sample: 20 HIV carriers, 19 representatives and volunteers from anti HIV associations and six administrative representatives. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangle groups; content analysis was performed. Participation has different meanings to the participant groups. HIV carriers consider it should be accomplished by communication mechanisms, support and prevention; association members consider it a right and a tool to change health policies, while two conceptions coexist among administrative representatives. The encouragement of participatory designs is proposed that respect the theoretical diversity and favor interaction based on distinct attitudes.

En France, un titre de séjour peut être attribué à l’étranger·e du fait de l’exceptionnelle gravité de sa maladie. Ce cadre légal, qui reconnaît une biolégitimité au corps souffrant de l’étranger·e, est toutefois progressivement fragilisé. En mobilisant une approche ethnographique, cet article décrit les effets de la restriction de l’accès au droit au séjour pour soins à partir de cas d’étranger·es séropositif·ves au VIH ou concerné·es par des pathologies psychiques. Il montre une sortie du paradigme de la biolégitimité et analyse ses conséquences sociales, statutaires, symboliques, émotionnelles et psychologiques pour les étranger·es malades. À travers le prisme du découragement, il s’intéresse à ce que produit la répétition des entraves à la régularisation sur la santé des étranger·es.

Ethnographie de la construction de la figure postcoloniale de « l'étranger malade » Léo Manac'h est doctorant en anthropologie au Ceped (U. Paris-Cité), membre du programme ANRS EthnoAides et de l'ICM. Financée par l'ANRS et Sidaction, sa thèse porte sur les politiques de découragement menées à l'encontre des étranger•es malades et des mobilisations pour le droit au séjour pour soins et sur le champ de lutte contre le VIH/sida en France hexagonale.

Infectious diseases (IDs) know no borders, and Covid-19 tragically and dramatically illustrated that widespread globalization-related trade, travel, migration, and human environmental stressors have worsened the ID threat. The world is battle-weary by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet in many regards less ready for "the next one(s)" from the levels of broader

Wprowadzenie. Deficyt kadry medycznej w wielu krajach jest już faktem. Zjawisko to postępuje między innymi w wyniku procesu globalizacji i umiędzynarodowienia profesji medycznych oraz na skutek starzenia się społeczeństw i wzrostu zapotrzebowania na usługi medyczne. Jednocześnie obserwuje się niechęć młodzieży do podejmowania nauki w zawodach medycznych, szczególnie takich, które są nisko opłacane i niedoceniane społecznie, a zarazem związane z dużą odpowiedzialnością i koniecznością nieustającego dokształcania się (np. pielęgniarki i położne). Sytuację dodatkowo komplikuje "drenaż kadr medycznych" -migracja profesjonalistów z krajów biedniejszych do bogatszych. Cel. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja planów zawodowych i migracyjnych studentów położnictwa. Materiał i metoda. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono w 2013 roku, wśród 41 położnych, kończących studia magisterskie na Uniwersytecie Medycznym w Lublinie. Wyniki. Najczęstsze plany zawodowe badanych to podjęcie pracy w szpitalu (92,7%) i dokształcanie się (70,7%). Co piąta respondentka planowała podjęcie pracy zawodowej za granicą (22,0%). Zdaniem badanych, wśród powodów skłaniających położne do wyjazdu i pracy za granicą dominują: lepsze zarobki (100%) i wyższy standard życia (82,9%), większy komfort wykonywanej pracy (63,4%) oraz niski status zawodu w Polsce (68,3%). Wnioski. Migracja zarobkowa w sytuacji ankietowanych to poważna alternatywa dla pracy i kontynuowania rozwoju zawodowego w Polsce. Jednakże zakres przygotowań do wyjazdu, jak i optymistyczne postrzeganie możliwości rozwoju zawodowego w kraju, pozwalają przypuszczać, że faktyczna skala emigracji wśród badanych może być niższa od deklarowanej. położne, migracja, plany zawodowe, przyczyny i skutki

Transnationally, mobile people have produced a differentiated associative life in many countries. This chapter tries to understand why these people organize themselves and relate forms and logics of these autonomous associations to extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics. It concludes by underlining the pluralism of logics and the societal role of these associations. Associations of mobile people • Associative life • Transnational mobility • Migration 1 This text is partially based on the introductory chapter of Cattacin and Domenig (2012).

Systemy oświatowe, tak jak jesteśmy przyzwyczajeni o nich myśleć i jak rozwijały się od XIX w., to systemy narodowe. Tymczasem rzeczywistość XXI wieku oznacza mobilność, migracje, wielokulturowość i wielonarodowość w obrębie państw narodowych (von Thadden 2000: 226) i szkoły niekoniecznie są na to gotowe. Dzieci migrantów w systemie szkolnym nie tylko same stają przed wyzwaniem, ale także powodują stawianie pytań o konieczność zmian w strukturze szkolnictwa, w sposobach i treściach nauczania. Wchodzą za każdym razem w pewną konstrukcję założeń społeczno-politycznych co do koncepcji obywatela, społeczeństwa i wreszcie państwa, a także dodatkowo roli migrantów w danym kraju przyjmującym. Ich sytuacja zależy więc od powiązań pomiędzy poziomami: mikro -domem rodzinnym, postawami rodziców, pracą konkretnych nauczycieli, mezo -funkcjonowaniem klas i szkół oraz makro -założeniami politycznymi i zróżnicowaniem (lub jego brakiem) społeczeństwa przyjmującego (zob. rys. 1).

Interkulturelle Mediation und Integration: Materialienband 40 3. Konfliktmediation -eine Übersicht 8 3.1 Allgemeine Ausführungen 3.1.1 Definitionen Ein Konflikt bezeichnet eine Interaktion zwischen Akteuren (Individuen, Gruppen, Organisationen, etc.), wobei mindestens ein Aktor Unvereinbarkeiten im Denken, Vorstellen, Wahrnehmen und/oder Fühlen und/oder Wollen mit dem anderen Aktor oder den anderen Akteuren erlebt. Die Unvereinbarkeit erlebt er in der Art, dass er sich in seinem Handeln durch den andern Aktor beeinträchtigt fühlt. Das soziale Klima der Interaktion zwischen den Konfliktparteien kann heiss sein: In diesem Fall ist die Atmosphäre überaktiv und überempfindlich. Die Parteien versuchen, sich mittels explosiver Taktiken gegenseitig zu überzeugen, wobei die kurzen, heftigen und explosiven Handlungen für alle gut sichtbar sind. Die Akteure sind sich des Schadens, den sie durch ihre Handlungen verursachen, durchaus bewusst. Im Gegensatz dazu findet bei kalten Konflikten beispielsweise eine zunehmende Lähmung aller äusserlich sichtbaren Aktivitäten statt. Frustrations-und Hassgefühle werden hinuntergeschluckt und wirken in den Parteien weiter, in intensiven Fällen bis zu selbstzerstörerischen Aktionen. Die direkte Kommunikation zwischen den Akteuren kommt zum Erliegen, die Gesprächs-und Begegnungsmöglichkeiten werden seltener, auf die Dauer gemieden, um einige Beispiele dieser zwei Interaktionsarten zu nennen (Glasl 2002). Konfliktmediation bedeutet Vermittlung im Konflikt. Dabei sollen Konflikte auf eine konstruktive Art und Weise bearbeitet werden, um sie zu deeskalieren (Dulabaum 1998:8). Dies kann auf unterschiedliche Arten erfolgen. Bei heissen Konflikten geht es in erster Linie darum, Perzeptionen, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen zu klären. In kalten Konflikten müssen die 8 Autorin dieses Kapitels: Chantal Delli entstandene Abneigung und Isolierung zuerst sorgältig zwischen den Konfliktparteien abgebaut werden, um die Kommunikation wieder herzustellen. Die Vermittlung in der Konfliktsituation wird durch eine dritte Partei vorgenommen. Diese muss sich durch Allparteilichkeit auszeichnen: sie muss beide Konfliktparteien auf eine neutrale Weise unterstützen (Dulabaum 1998: 18). Im Mediationsverfahren kommt ihr keine Entscheidungsbefugnis zu. Der bekannte amerikanische Konfliktmediator Friedmann (1999) sagt in einem Interview dazu: "Meine Aufgabe ist es, die Klienten in die Lage zu versetzen, trotz tief greifender Meinungsverschiedenheiten die Entscheidungen selbst zu treffen, dir ihr Leben betreffen (…). Ich teile den Klienten implizit mit, dass sie besser als ich wissen, wie die Lösung des Konflikts aussehen kann". Ziel des Mediationsverfahrens ist vordergründig nicht die Entscheidfindung, sondern das Schaffen einer Atmosphäre, in der die Parteien wieder kommunizieren können. Die dritte Partei muss allerdings beachten, dass bereits ihre Anwesenheit in die Konfliktsituation eingreift und verschiedene Aktionen der Konfliktparteien auslösen kann (Bonafé-Schmitt 1988; Glasl 2002: 84). Die Intervention der Dritten kann sich auf verschiedene Aspekte des Konflikts richten: sie kann das vorhandene Konfliktpotential, den Konfliktprozess oder die -folgen betreffen. In der Literatur haben zahlreiche Autoren versucht, Typologien von Konflikten und die damit verbundenen Interventionsarten zu definieren. Dabei fällt auf, dass die Autoren ein und denselben Konflikt nach sehr unterschiedlichen Kriterien analysieren. Konflikte werden beispielsweise nach den Streitgegenständen, nach ihrer Erscheinungsform oder den Eigenschaften der Konfliktparteien geordnet. Die Typologien sollen dem Mediator helfen, sich in einer Konfliktsituation zu orientieren, die Diagnose eines Konflikts zu erstellen, die Rollen der Beteiligten zu klären und die eigenen Vermittlungshandlungen zu evaluieren, indem sie mit ähnlichen Konfliktsituationen verglichen werden. Über die wichtigsten Systematisierungsversuche, auf welche hier nicht näher eingegangen wird, gibt Glasl (2002) einen guten Überblick. Bei der Mediation steht im Vordergrund, wie der gesetzliche Spielraum im Interesse aller Parteien am besten genutzt werden kann (Müller 2002: 8). Damit eine Mediation überhaupt möglich ist, muss ein Konflikt, ein Problem oder ein Schaden benannt werden können. Die Beteiligten müssen freiwillig zur Vermittlung bereit sein und eine Konfliktlösung anstreben, bei der sie sich aber ratlos fühlen. Zudem muss genügend Zeit für die Vermittlung zur Verfügung stehen. Konfliktmediation ist dann nicht möglich, wenn das Machtgefälle 15 Loi genevoise (8931) modifiant la procédure civile (E 3 05), vgl.

Russia is an important destination for labour migrants from the former Soviet Union republics especially Central Asian low-income countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The life of migrants from Central Asia is characterized in Russia by scarce resources and social exclusion. Limited access to healthcare is aggravated by the negative attitudes and discrimination that migrants face when visiting state hospitals and clinics. In our study, we aim to describe the medical infrastructure available to migrants in Moscow. We investigate how migrants use formal and informal strategies to overcome the barriers to their receiving medical care in the urban environment. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative interviews with 60 labour migrants from Central Asian countries and 23 caregivers working in Moscowbased medical facilities such as state hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulance stations, and private medical centres including the so-called Kyrgyz clinics.

Background: Migrant workers suffer poor health due to underutilization of existing health services on account of their floating status, they are missed out on very basic registrations for health services like immunization, ANC visits, supplementary nutrition for mother and eventually the child. They form a major chunk of population that is skipped from ongoing attempts of universal health coverage and especially the children become vulnerable. Objectives: To study the Immunization and Nutritional Status of migrant children of Lucknow and determine their environmental and living conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 intrastate and 183 interstate migrant workers in Lucknow. All randomly selected children 6-59 months of age paired with their mothers were the study population. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for interview. Length and Height of the migrant child were measured using horizontal and vertical wooden scale respectively. Weight was measured using seca weighing scale. Results: Majority of children in these settings were in the age group of 6-12 months (55.8%). 98.4% of interstate and 95.4% of intrastate migrants do not have an immunization card of the child. Only 14.8% of the total children had fully immunized status appropriate to age. It was noted that among children of the interstate migrants, 31.7% were underweight and 25.7% had SAM while among children of the intrastate migrants 33.6% were underweight and 17.5% had SAM. Wasting was present in 40.0% children out of the total, while 33.1% of the total children were stunted. 73.2 of the interstate migrants and 84.3% of the intrastate migrants were living in a kutcha house. A strikingly high percentage of 91.8% interstate and 90.8% intrastate migrants were still resorting to open field defecation. None of the houses had a separate kitchen. Conclusion: The immunization and nutritional status of the migrant children was very low and poor. The living conditions of the migrant families were also below par. There is an urgent need of effective health policies for the migrant children to ensure their well-being.

Borders and barriers have been torn down and re-built at an increasing tempo over the last 20 years as migration has risen to the top of the political agenda. The aim of this volume is to examine how the welfare state, as a normative and institutional framework, shapes immigration discourse and policy and, in turn, how the welfare state, as an ideal and as an arrangement of policies, is shaped by immigration.

Estimés à plus de 2,2 millions de cas dans le monde, la plupart des cas de cancer du sein et de décès par cancer du sein sont recensés dans des pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. Au Cameroun, les études soulignent très souvent l'effet des connaissances du cancer du sein sur les moyens de dépistage comme l'autopalpation et dans une moindre mesure, la perception de menace que les femmes ont de cette maladie. La présente recherche a pour objectif d'étudier en référence au modèle des croyances relatives à la santé (HBM), le rôle modérateur de la perception de menace du cancer du sein sur la relation entre les connaissances et l'autopalpation. Une enquête par questionnaire a été menée auprès de 517 femmes camerounaises, en vue de déterminer leur niveau de connaissance générale sur le cancer du sein (facteurs de risque et les moyens de prévention), leur niveau de perception de menace du cancer du sein à travers la vulnérabilité et la sévérité perçue, ainsi que la prévalence de l'autopalpation du sein chez ces dernières. L'analyse de la régression au moyen de la Macro Process pour la modération indique un effet principal des connaissances (b = 0,02 ; t(517) = 4,29 ; p < 0,001) et de la perception de menace (b = 0,29 ; t(517) = 2,36 ; p = 0,02) sur la pratique de l'autopalpation du sein qui est significatif. Aussi, la perception de menace a un effet modérateur sur la relation entre les connaissances et l'autopalpation du sein. Alors qu'un faible niveau de perception de menace accentue davantage l'effet des connaissances sur l'autopalpation du sein (b = 0,02 ; t(517) = 3,49 ; p < 0,001), une perception plus élevée de cette menace attenue (b = 0,01 ; t(517) = 1,97 ; p = 0,01) cet effet. Une femme qui perçoit plus la dangerosité du cancer du sein et trouve qu'elle est vulnérable malgré un faible niveau de connaissance sur cette maladie est encline à pratiquer l'autopalpation au même titre que celle qui a plus de connaissances. Ce résultat suggère la nécessité de prendre en compte, dans un contexte où les connaissances sur la maladie sont limitées, certains facteurs relevant du modèle des croyances relatives à la santé dans les mesures de prévention contre le cancer du sein en général et de la pratique de l'autopalpation en particulier.

Resumen El presente estudio se adentra en las experiencias de jóvenes inmigrantes en Panamá, utilizando un enfoque psicológico para comprender cómo han sobrellevado las complejidades del impacto cultural. Los hallazgos revelan que los jóvenes inmigrantes experimentan un proceso de adaptación desafiante, marcado por sentimientos de desarraigo, pérdida y soledad. El choque cultural, caracterizado por las, costumbres, valores y estilos de vida, genera dificultades para integrarse en la nueva sociedad. La nostalgia por su cultura de origen, la pérdida de vínculos sociales y familiares exacerban estas dificultades, también el estudio identifica la discriminación y la xenofobia como factores que agravan la situación de la población de estudio. En este contexto, el Síndrome de Ulises emerge como una realidad palpable para los jóvenes participantes. Los síntomas característicos de este síndrome, como el estrés crónico, la despersonalización, la desvalorización de la identidad y el deseo de regresar al hogar se manifiestan con claridad en sus narrativas. Los hallazgos de este estudio contribuyen significativamente a una mejor comprensión de los desafíos psicosociales que enfrentan los inmigrantes desde una perspectiva psicológica, la investigación resalta la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones psicológicas específicas para atender a las necesidades de esta población, con un enfoque en la promoción de la resiliencia, el apoyo social y el abordaje de la discriminación.

La recherche présentée dans le cadre de ce mémoire s'appuie sur  l'observation des interactions en consultation sociale. Comment les assistants sociaux s'inscrivent-ils dans un accompagnement global des personnes atteintes par le VIH/Sida à l'hôpital ? L'apparition de cette maladie a mis à l'épreuve l'ensemble des accompagnements et des droits des malades ; elle a donné une plus grande visibilité à leurs expériences et à leurs expertises. Le VIH/Sida s'est inscrit également, dans un contexte de réformes hospitalières concernant la prise en charge des publics les plus précaires en France.
L’objectif de cette recherche est de réfléchir aux moments de décision dans l'action des professionnels face aux différents dispositifs d'accès aux soins et de reconnaissance des droits des malades. Les profils hétérogènes des demandeurs sont-ils assez contrastés pour s'ajuster aux différents dispositifs existants ? Quels sont, en pratique, les éléments sur lesquels les professionnels s'appuient pour constituer les dossiers sociaux ?
Comment les preuves apportées par les malades constituent-elles la base des procédures de droit ? Comment les éléments que le malade (ap)porte pendant l'interaction avec l'assistant social sont-ils mobilisés (ou pas), pour
témoigner de leur souffrance, de leur besoin et de leurs urgences de santé et
sociales ?

processos migratórios e sua relação com a formação em saúde. As relações entre mobilidade humana e os processos de saúde e adoecimento estão na ordem do dia dos debates internacionais. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel das políticas de saúde no Brasil e suas relações com o acolhimento de imigrantes, especialmente no que se refere ao entendimento das necessidades de investir em formação na área da saúde para que ela se adapte a essa realidade. O estudo foi realizado na região do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como sujeitos imigrantes majoritariamente haitianos que ali se estabeleceram entre 2012 e 2016. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de desnaturalizar a doença associada ao corpo de imigrantes as representações das migrações como vetores de adoecimento, bem como de incluir no programa dos cursos da área da saúde temas sobre mobilidade humana e seus impactos visando a melhoria do acolhimento. Apresentam-se também as dificuldades de oferecer um serviço adequado aos novos imigrantes em um contexto de serviços de saúde precários para as populações locais. Esse debate deve ser seriamente considerado nas discussões para formação em saúde.  Palavras-chave: Mobilidade humana; Educação em saúde; Relações de gênero e migrações; Qualidade de vida; Políticas públicas.

Enquadrada pelo projecto "Imagens das línguas na comunicação intercultural: contributos para o desenvolvimento da competência plurilingue" 1 , e partindo do princípio largamente aceite de que o domínio das línguas desempenha um papel fundamental na vivência da experiência da imigração, esta comunicação visa mostrar como é que os membros de duas associação de imigrantes portuguesas do distrito de Aveiro (Associação da Comunidade Africana e Associação de Apoio ao Imigrante) vislumbram o papel das línguas e das competências linguísticas na(s) língua(s) do país de acolhimento, no caso, o Português. Neste sentido, analisaremos entrevistas realizadas aos membros daquelas duas associações, com o intuito de percebermos as dimensões que os sujeitos atribuem às línguas, que passam, em síntese, por motivações integrativas, sobretudo ao nível de uma inserção efectiva no mercado de trabalho -melhoria das condições salariais e de trabalho, de reivindicação laboral, de procura de novos empregos… -e do desenvolvimento de uma cidadania participativa, que passa pela capacidade de participar nas dinâmicas democráticas, sociais, educativas e identitárias do contexto de inserção. Assim, os resultados evidenciam imagens do Português como objecto predominantemente utilitário, gerador de capital. As questões da integração dos imigrantes têm ocupado a agenda sócio-política portuguesa (cf.

There has been a transformation in the nature of international immigration since the 1990s, which can be summarised within the concept of the feminisation of migration. The aim of this article is to highlight the issue of health among women immigrants and to describe their health-related problems and degree of utilisation of health services. Data is drawn from empirical research, conducted through the method of in-depth interviews with fifteen immigrant women and an administrator from an employment agency. The most remarkable finding from this study is the negative consequences of migration for women's mental health status. It is determined that the illegal status of women, as well as the migration process, working conditions and an intense pining for their families and their home countries, has the most striking role in this situation. Immigrants lack adequate access to healthcare services for several reasons, mainly economic ones, a gap which women try to fill with informal ways and traditional medicine.

Health care is a fundamental human right in Europe, and all Member States recognise everyone’s right to the access to preventive healthcare and to receive medical care in the event of sickness or pregnancy. Nevertheless, this right is focused on citizens and the application to migrants, particularly undocumented migrants, varies widely in the EU. The French legislation is organized with a humanitarian approach. In this article, the authors present the French system of social protection, the “Couverture médicale universelle” or CMU, which provides the same protection to asylum seekers and documented immigrants as to nationals, and the “Aide médicale d’état” or AME, that is open to every person who does not fulfil the legal conditions to obtain the CMU, such as illegal immigrants. Created in 1995, recently access to the AME has been restricted. A claim of discrimination has been rejected by the Conseil d’Etat and 215 000 persons received the AME in 2009. The expenses incurred by the A...

This paper presents a collective research project in which several scholars at the universities of Amsterdam and Maastricht are involved. Its aim is to study the twentieth-century history of psychiatry and mental health care in the Netherlands from a social and cultural perspective and to situate it in an international context. Some particular features of the history of Dutch psychiatry in the twentieth century are highlighted: the expansion of its domain through the development a mental health care network outside of the psychiatric institutions and clinics; the increasing diversity of the professional groups involved; the widening of the domain of mental health care (apart from medical psychiatry and psychotherapy also (moral) education, pastoral care, and social work); the major role of religious incentives and sociopolitical values, such as ideals of democratic citizenship; the anti-psychiatric movement which ironically strengthened rather than weakened the expansion of mental health care in Dutch society; and the link between mental health care and the psychologization of the personal lives of and the social relations between the Dutch.

What are the main challenges and principels to structure policies of Romania to reduce/optimise international emigration? Is it emigration of Romanians motivated only by economic reasons, or there are also institutional ones? What are the key segments of emigrants to adress by emigration and development policies - emigrants abroad, returnees on the move, or stayers on the move? Who could design migration and development policies?
This are the main questions we adress here. One could start the reading by the conclusions at the pages 12 and 13.

This volume addresses the complexities of service delivery to migrants in irregular or marginalized situations, to persons with diverse linguistic, cultural or religious backgrounds, and to those who need navigational assistance to reach the services they need. Barriers in service access are generated in the interaction between organizations and their most disadvantaged groups of users. Healthcare services that are accessible to migrating populations reinforce their autonomy and are in the best interest of all.
The case study, which was conducted from 2017 to 2020, is based at the San Maurizio hospital of Bozen-Bolzano, the largest hospital in South Tyrol, a multilingual and autonomous province in Northern Italy bordering Austria and Switzerland. It explores the agency of healthcare practitioners in shaping accessible services when attentive to patient needs, connected to national advocacy networks, and supported by hospital administration. With this study the author hopes to provide a broad view of this transdisciplinary field of study and practice and to offer a roadmap for practitioners who may play a role as brokers of accessible services in healthcare organizations.

per cent of the island's 68,000 inhabitants live (Instituto Nacional de Estatística 2000a). 1 Santo Antão on the other hand, has a predominately rural population of 47,000. Due to the close links between the two islands, they can be thought of as a single region with a city (São Vicente) and a rural hinterland (Santo Antão). Together, they account for slightly more than a quarter of the country's population. 1 Although the city's official name is Mindelo, this is rarely used. Instead, São Vicente refers to the urban centre as well as the island itself. When I use 'São Vicente' in this thesis, it can be thought of as an urban environment. The next chapter addresses the misfit between the contemporary international migration order and existing migration theory. It first discusses the central tendencies behind what we might call 'the age of involuntary immobility'. This provides a wider context for the Cape Verdean experience with migration that I have just described. In the second part of the chapter, I discuss the weaknesses and potential of migration theory to explain contemporary migration and non-migration. Chapter three presents the aspiration/ability model in detail. This is my own theoretical contribution, which is inspired by the theories discussed in chapter two. The aspiration/ability model is reflected in the research questions as well as in the organization of the analytical chapters. (unskilled) Employed (unskilled) Remittance receiver No No No Yes No No No Yes Close family abroad 1 No No No Yes No No No Yes Other emigrant relatives No No No Yes No No No Yes Wish to emigrate Predicted probability 2 74 % 10 % 33 % 91 % 38 % 2 % 10 % 68 % Best guess about wish 3 Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Note: All the women are born in São Vicente. 1 Defined as parents, children, siblings or spouse. 2 The formula for this calculation is given in chapter four. 3 Reflecting a probability above or below 50 %.

As migrações internacionais conduzem a um relacionamento entre estrangeiros e autóctones que nem sempre se efectua sem conflitualidade. Esta constante, verificada ao longo dos séculos, foi sempre motivo de inquietação e de interesse por parte dos governos dos países envolvidos, dos grupos de imigrantes, dos cidadãos das sociedades receptoras e dos estudiosos sociais. Enquanto estes criaram conceitos explicativos das diferentes situações que pode configurar uma sociedade plural e estabeleceram recomendações no sentido de sensibilizarem os Estados para um consenso de políticas comuns visando os públicos deslocalizados, os Estados recebedores criaram políticas nesse sentido, muitas vezes sem atenderem a esses estudos, sem a participação dos Estados dadores e sem os contributos dos representantes dos migrantes. Esta situação tem vindo a merecer atenção crescente de todas as forças envolvidas, mas nem sempre as políticas dirigidas aos imigrantes alinham pelos conceitos estabelecidos nem pelas recomendações sugeridas. Pretendemos fazer um balanço desta situação neste artigo.

caractéristiques spécifiques identifiées ont ensuite été analysées de façon comparative transversale en prenant en compte l'ensemble des programmes inclus dans l'étude. Pour chaque programme, les informations relatives à l'organisation du programme et à son ancrage ont été extraites de nombreux documents : contrats, rapports, évaluations et autres (dépliants, statistiques, protocoles, sites Internet, etc.). Une dizaine d'interviews téléphoniques ou en face à face ont été conduites avec les responsables des programmes ou d'autres personnes. Plusieurs instruments ont été utilisés lors de l'interview ou de sa préparation : une check-list des obstacles et éléments favorisants potentiels de l'ancrage, une check-list des dimensions d'ancrage, un guide d'interview comprenant l'ensemble des questions spécifiques à poser pour chaque programme. Les organigrammes des programmes ont également été utilisés pour la préparation de l'interview et vérifiés et amendés lors de celui-ci. Programme Prévention des dépendances dans les communes Depuis 1993, la fondation Radix Promotion de la santé gère pour l'OFSP le programme de promotion et de financement de projets de prévention des dépendances dans les communes. Au niveau national, le programme a réussi son institutionnalisation dans Radix, mais la participation financière de l'OFSP reste nécessaire. Le Salon des dépendances, qui s'est tenu en 1995, 1998 et 2001, a permis le développement d'un networking large et bien implanté. Le programme est bien connu des partenaires et bénéficie d'une image favorable. Au niveau des cantons, la diffusion du programme est bonne, seul le Tessin n'est pas atteint. Les instances cantonales de prévention sont parfois insuffisamment impliquées. Au niveau local on trouve une bonne collaboration avec les centres de prévention. Le design des projets incorpore de plus en plus fréquemment des caractéristiques favorisant leur ancrage et/ou leur diffusion (projets modèles). L'exigence de cofinancement n'est pas un obstacle. Les interventions proposées par le programme sont très bien acceptées et les idées directrices sont reprises par les communautés concernées. Au niveau cantonal, l'institutionnalisation du programme est meilleure dans les associations de jeunesse qui ont un rapport direct ou indirect avec la prévention que dans les autres. Le programme est bien diffusé en Suisse alémanique et en Romandie, mais pas au Tessin. Au niveau local, la collaboration avec les associations est bonne. Le bénévolat est un facteur positif d'acceptation et d'efficacité des interventions. Les associations de jeunesse constituent un 'setting' qui a permis de mettre sur pied une formation à large échelle et d'atteindre un vaste public. Le programme propose depuis 1997 son soutien pour la planification et la réalisation de projets qui traitent de thèmes relatifs à la vie des jeunes. Au niveau national, il n'existe aucune organisation sur laquelle le programme pourrait s'appuyer pour intervenir dans ce domaine. Les changements de mandataire pour la réalisation du programme attestent de cette difficulté. Le recours à des personnes relais dans les régions a partiellement pallié ce problème. La reprise du programme par la section Intervention drogues de l'OFSP et l'allongement de la durée du contrat avec le nouveau mandataire constituent une consolidation du programme. Le financement de l'OFSP reste nécessaire bien que des sponsors aient été trouvés. Au niveau cantonal, le programme intervient dans pratiquement tous les cantons. Au niveau local, le programme est bien accepté. Les compétences acquises par les intervenants dans les projets sont réutilisées ailleurs et les projets eux-mêmes sont source d'inspiration. L'exigence de cofinancement n'est pas un obstacle. Le programme-cadre est un programme commun de l'OFSP, de la Conférence des directeurs cantonaux de l'instruction publique (CDIP) et de la Fondation 19 (maintenant: Promotion Santé Suisse). En étroite collaboration avec le programme parallèle REES-CH, il sélectionne et finance des projets de promotion de la santé dans les écoles depuis 1992. Au niveau national, la collaboration entre les partenaires semble reposer sur un consensus fragile concernant l'objectif fondamental de développement de conditions-cadres favorables à la promotion de la santé. Il existe également un certain flou quand à la répartition des rôles et des responsabilités entre ces partenaires. Au niveau cantonal, l'exigence de soutien de la part des cantons aux projets est un facteur d'ancrage, de même que celle d'adhésion au REES-CH. Il existe cependant des réticences à l'intervention de la Confédération dans le domaine scolaire. Dans beaucoup de cantons, il n'y a pas d'instances spécialisées dans la promotion de la santé. Au niveau des projets, les critères d'acceptation se révèlent parfois difficiles à mettre en pratique. L'orientation 'promotion de la santé' des projets est difficile à faire admettre, bien que le label 'OFSP' soit un argument positif. Les tableaux ci-dessous résument la situation de l'ancrage politique du ProMeDro pour la période 1991-2000 dans les villes et dans les cantons inclus dans l'étude. Dans l'ensemble, l'acceptation du ProMeDro est bonne ; seuls 3 villes et 5 cantons appartiennent aux catégories de 'consensus négatif' ou de 'refus conflictuel'. Ancrage politique du ProMeDro : villes Consensus positif

In the European context shaped by migration, it is necessary to adapt dietitians to cultural diversity for effective professional practice. The objectives of the research are to analyze the cultural and ethnic diversity in Romania, highlighting the possible influence of acculturation on the dietary behaviors of different ethnic groups, and to formulate ways to apply the stages of cultural competence. The research methodology included the collection and use of data from the population census and other statistical sources to analyze the ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition in different regions of Romania, and the use of a cultural competence model that could be applied in the Romanian medical context for the formulation of health recommendations tailored to eating habits and influenced by acculturation and sociocultural factors. The study reveals the cultural diversity of the Romanian population, with more than 1.7 million inhabitants having a native language other than Romanian and with a wide ethnic and religious variety. We adapted a cultural competence model including methods to assess dietary acculturation, understand food preferences, and respect ethnic, religious, and generational diversity, ensuring its applicability in various multicultural contexts. This study emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in dietetic practice in a diverse health care setting and tailoring nutrition services according to cultural diversity to improve health and patient satisfaction.

Enquadrada pelo projecto "Imagens das línguas na comunicação intercultural: contributos para o desenvolvimento da competência plurilingue" 1 , e partindo do princípio largamente aceite de que o domínio das línguas desempenha um papel fundamental na vivência da experiência da imigração, esta comunicação visa mostrar como é que os membros de duas associação de imigrantes portuguesas do distrito de Aveiro (Associação da Comunidade Africana e Associação de Apoio ao Imigrante) vislumbram o papel das línguas e das competências linguísticas na(s) língua(s) do país de acolhimento, no caso, o Português. Neste sentido, analisaremos entrevistas realizadas aos membros daquelas duas associações, com o intuito de percebermos as dimensões que os sujeitos atribuem às línguas, que passam, em síntese, por motivações integrativas, sobretudo ao nível de uma inserção efectiva no mercado de trabalho-melhoria das condições salariais e de trabalho, de reivindicação laboral, de procura de novos empregos…-e do desenvolvimento de uma cidadania participativa, que passa pela capacidade de participar nas dinâmicas democráticas, sociais, educativas e identitárias do contexto de inserção. Assim, os resultados evidenciam imagens do Português como objecto predominantemente utilitário, gerador de capital. Introdução As questões da integração dos imigrantes têm ocupado a agenda sócio-política portuguesa (cf. ALBUQUERQUE, FERREIRA & VIEGAS: 2000; CARNEIRO: 2004 e 2006; FONSECA et al: 2005) e mesmo a investigativa no âmbito das Ciências Sociais e 4 Entenderemos "trabalho digno" como aquele que se produz "em condições de liberdade, equidade, segurança e dignidade, nas quais se respeitam os direitos e se asseguram uma remuneração adequada e protecção civil" (Comissão Mundial sobre as Migrações Internacionais: 2005, 61).

Background This research is part of a Horizon2020 funded project named C4S - Community for sciences. The project aims to implement co-created inclusive science activities with children 0-16 years and their families in vulnerable communities. Best practice strategies will be developed to promote the empowerment of children in vulnerable situations. In six European cities, community-based inclusive science activities will be realized and evaluated. What is the impact of inclusive science education on vulnerable communities&#39; health in Europe? Why is community-based inclusive science education an urgent issue to improve health conditions of children and families? Methods Guided by the research questions this method includes an integrative literature review to explore barriers and facilitators to delivering inclusive science in European countries and a questionnaire delivered to 6 Hubs involved in the C4S project. The questionnaire identifies core elements of a community, e.g. “Joint...