Methionine Hydroxy Analogue

زمینه و هدف: نانو ذرات نقره (SNPS) اخیرا توجه قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای را به خود جلب کرده است؛ اما بررسی سمیت این نانوذرات کمتر مورد توجه واقع شده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر خوراکی نانو ذرات نقره بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی کلیه (کراتینین وBUN) و الکترولیت‌های خون در جنس نر موش سفید آزمایشگاهی طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 45 سر موش بالب سی (Balb/c) نر در حدود 4 هفته (با وزن 3±2/24 گرم) به‌طور تصادفی در 3 گروه 15 سری (تیمار1، تیمار2، کنترل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. درمان خوراکی و روزانه و به مدت 14 روز در گروه تیمار1 با محلول ppm 2 نانوذرات نقره و برای گروه تیمار2 با ppm 50 نانوذرات نقره و گروه کنترل با همان حجم آب مقطر شروع شد. سپس در روزهای 2،7 و 14 خون‌گیری مستقیم از قلب صورت گرفت و میانگین غلظت سرمی کراتینین، (نیتروژن اوره خون)BUN ، سدیم، پتاسیم، در گروه کنترل و تیمار با ppm 20 نانو ذرات و تیمارppm 50 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ppm 17 و به روش آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه در سطح معنی‌داری (05/0P

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of organic acid (Biotronic) and silver nanoparticles coated on zeolite on performance and humoral immune response of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions using a total of 375 one day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500). Chicks were allocated to five treatments, five replicates and 15 chicks per each replicate using a completely randomized design. Treatments included: (1) control (2) 1% Uncoated zeolite, (3) zeolite-coated with 0.5% silver nanoparticles, (4) 1 g/kg organic acids and (5) zeolite-coated with 0.5% of silver nanoparticles and 1g/kg organic acids. Heat stress was exposed at 34˚ C in sixth week. Chicken's performance indices were measured periodically. Blood samples were taken to determine antibody response, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio at the end of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth weeks. The results of experiment indicated that diet containing Nano silver with organic acid decreased broiler body weight compared with the control and organic acids treatment at growth period (days 42-21 of breeding) (p<0.05). Also feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the Nano silver coated on zeolite treatment than control treatment, zeolite and organic acids groups in the whole experimental periods (1-24 days) (p<0.05). However, the results of the experiment showed no significant differences between all treatments on immune system (p>0.05). In conclusion, the use of Nano silver and organic acid at the above levels had no effect on immune system, but the diet of silver nanoparticles increased the feed conversion ratio in chickens.

An experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in the greenhouse of Zar Gostar Arta Agricultural Company for 2 years in order to determine the tolerance of hybrids from combination of potato cultivars to different dehydration conditions in Ardebil province. The main factor included three levels of irrigation (100, 85 and 70% of plant water requirement) and the sub factor included 12 potato cultivars. The results showed that there was a significant difference between irrigation levels, genotypes and the interaction of irrigation levels on genotype in terms of tuber yield at 1 and 5% probability levels. In this study, under normal irrigation conditions, R12 (Luca × Esprit) had the highest average of tuber yield by (53.6 ton/ha) and S34 (Esprit × Agria) and had the lowest average of tuber yield by 28.9 ton / ha. S14 (Luca × Esprit) had the highest average of tuber yield by 40.3 and 35.5 (ton/ha) respectively, in the stress condition of 85 and 70% of usable water and S34 (Esprit × Agria) had the lowest average of tuber yield by 40.3 and 35.5 (ton/ha) respectively, under irrigation levels of 85 and 70% of usable water. There was a significant and positive correlation between tuber yield under normal irrigation condition (100% usable water) and mild and severe water dehydration stress (85 and 70% usable water) with MP, GMP, TOL and STI indicator. However, there was a negative and significant correlation between tuber yield and indicator of sensitivity to stress (SSI) under mild and severe stress conditions (85 and 70% of usable water). There was a positive and significant correlation between SSI index and TOL at 5% probability level. Factor coefficients in the studied traits for the studied treatments between quantitative and qualitative traits of hybrids obtained from potato cultivars composition showed that four factors explained 86.508% of total changes under normal stress conditions (85% of usable water) and S24 (Banba × Agria) ،S14 (Luca × Esprit) ،R24 (Banba × Agria)and S23 (Banba × Esprit) were more valuable than other hybrids in terms of effective traits on yield factor and structural factor.

Urolithiasis is a common disorder in the veterinary clinic and is considered as one of the most frequently cause of morbidity. This disorder is closely associated with urinary pH and nutrition plays a key role in the control of this disease, because through dietary manipulation it is possible to modify the urinary pH. Sulfur is considered macroelement with a strong influence on the acid-base status and may be crucial to control urinary pH in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of different sources of sulfur (S) in the diet of cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance. Forty-two healthy adult cats were divided into 3 groups, and each group of 14 cats received 7 diets in a complete randomized block design. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), DL-methionine (DLM) and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) were added to a control diet in two levels (1.28g S/kg and 2.56g S/kg) to formulate 6 other experimental diets. The acid-base balance was evaluated by hemogasometry in samples of venous blood. The DLM at the highest level and MHA differed of the control diet in relation to urinary pH (P<0.05). Calcium sulfate; although, not differentiated from the control diet, has been shown to alter urinary pH despite its zero electrolyte balance. Apparently, the alkalizing effect of calcium was not sufficient to avoid sulfate acidification of the urine. Treatments showed no alteration of the acid-base balance of the animals and no affect the consumption of the diets.

This experiment tried to make use the ample supply of palm press fiber (PPF) as the source of roughage. The experiment used in 5x5 Latin Square feeding trial in sheep of 9.4±1.63 kg live weight. The experiment diets composed of 50% elephant grass or 50% PPF and 50% concentrate. The treatment were A = 505% elephant grass, B = 50% PPF, previously treated with 1.5% urea, C = B+1.5% corn oil, D = C+0.1% Ca salt of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) and E = D+0.1% val+0.15% leu dan 0.2% ile (Branced Chain Amino Acid = BCAA). Animal on the ammoniated PPF diet (B) had less cultivable rumen bacteria than those on elephant grass 90.88 x 10 vs 1.09 x 10 colonies/ml). Addition of corn oil (C) reduced the viable rumen 11 11 protozoa (1.43 x 10 to 1.27 x 10 cell c/ml. The decrease was accompanied by the increase in bacteria to 5 5 1.14 x 10 colonies/ml and digestibility to 59.4%. Supplementation of MHA (D) increased the bacteria to 11 1.63 x 10 colonies/ml. The bacterial counts were increased further to 1.89 x 10 colinies/ml by the BCAA (E). 11 The later treatment was better in digestibility and N retention than the control but had same effect on growth performance of the animal (104 vs 102 g/d). The live weight gain of the later treatment (E) was significantly better than those on treatment B, C or D.

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This experiment tried to make use the ample supply of palm press fiber (PPF) as the source of roughage. The experiment used in 5x5 Latin Square feeding trial in sheep of 9.4±1.63 kg live weight. The experiment diets composed of 50% elephant grass or 50% PPF and 50% concentrate. The treatment were A = 505% elephant grass, B = 50% PPF, previously treated with 1.5% urea, C = B+1.5% corn oil, D = C+0.1% Ca salt of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) and E = D+0.1% val+0.15% leu dan 0.2% ile (Branced Chain Amino Acid = BCAA). Animal on the ammoniated PPF diet (B) had less cultivable rumen bacteria than those on elephant grass 90.88 x 10 vs 1.09 x 10 colonies/ml). Addition of corn oil (C) reduced the viable rumen 11 11 protozoa (1.43 x 10 to 1.27 x 10 cell c/ml. The decrease was accompanied by the increase in bacteria to 5 5 1.14 x 10 colonies/ml and digestibility to 59.4%. Supplementation of MHA (D) increased the bacteria to 11 1.63 x 10 colonies/ml. The bacterial counts were increased further to 1.89 x 10 colinies/ml by the BCAA (E). 11 The later treatment was better in digestibility and N retention than the control but had same effect on growth performance of the animal (104 vs 102 g/d). The live weight gain of the later treatment (E) was significantly better than those on treatment B, C or D.

The purpose of this paper was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the biological efficiency of dl-methionine with methionine-hydroxy-analoguefree-acid in broiler chickens. A database was developed which contained dose-response studies of these 2 methionine sources. Criteria for entry into the database were defined before the meta-analysis was initiated. Data from 46 dose-response experiments, extracted from a total of 27 peer-reviewed papers, were used for the analysis with the Statistical Analysis System. Initially, the NLIN procedure was applied to fit an exponential model of the form y = α + β*[1 − exp (−γ*dose)] + e. Thereafter, meta-analysis was conducted by means of nonlinear mixed models, which were fitted by a full maximum likelihood method as implemented in the NLMIXED procedure. The nonlinear model used for the analysis allowed for separate plateaus or different efficiencies of the methionine sources. Mixed modeling was applied to account for heterogeneity among the studies in all regression parameters for both sources of methionine via random effects. Statistical hypotheses were tested by the asymptotic Wald test. In addition, potential co-variables were tested for inclusion as linear regressors for the nonlinear model parameters. In conclusion, the null hypothesis of equal plateaus of the 2 methionine sources was not rejected. The analyses of the response variables average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (GF) showed a highly significant difference between the tested methionine sources. The covariate age at start of experiment significantly affected the intercept term α for the response variables ADG and GF, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that biological efficiencies of dl-methionine-hydroxyanalogue-free-acid were 81 and 79% of the values for dl-methionine, on an equimolar basis, for ADG and GF, respectively.