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Merge Sort

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Merge Sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm for sorting an array or list. It recursively divides the input into two halves, sorts each half, and then merges the sorted halves to produce a single sorted output. Its time complexity is O(n log n), making it efficient for large datasets.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Merge Sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm for sorting an array or list. It recursively divides the input into two halves, sorts each half, and then merges the sorted halves to produce a single sorted output. Its time complexity is O(n log n), making it efficient for large datasets.

Key research themes

1. How can merge sort be optimized to reduce comparisons and improve efficiency in special input cases?

This research area investigates modifications to the traditional merge sort algorithm to reduce the number of element comparisons, especially when the input is partially or fully ordered (ascending or descending). Optimizing the merge step to detect pre-sorted subarrays or exploit overlap patterns can lead to significant time savings, making merge sort more efficient in practice.

Key finding: The paper proposes a modification to merge sort that reduces comparisons by checking if the last element of the left subarray is less than the first element of the right subarray during merging. If true, subarrays are... Read more
Key finding: Introduces a clever sentinel trick via recursively sorted overlapping subarrays, eliminating boundary checks in inner loops. This optimization reduces code size and execution time while retaining space efficiency (using only... Read more
Key finding: The Tri-merge sort algorithm extends merge sort by splitting inputs into three subarrays and merging them, reducing comparison counts more effectively. Experimental results show it surpasses classical merge sort in robustness... Read more

2. How does offset-value coding and prefix compression improve sorting and searching performance in merge sort implementations?

This theme explores algorithmic innovations that accelerate merge sort by encoding sorted keys to minimize comparison costs and storage overhead. Offset-value coding captures differences between adjacent keys reducing redundant comparisons, while prefix truncation and run-length encoding in storage layouts leverage sorted order to compress runs. These combined techniques enable faster sorting, efficient merges, and optimized query processing in large-scale database systems.

Key finding: Presents offset-value coding to represent sorted keys relative to a base row, encoding the first differing column and value, enabling inline integer comparisons which dramatically reduces key comparison counts by 10-20x and... Read more
Key finding: Demonstrates equivalence and synergy between sort-based and hash-based aggregation techniques in database query processing. Highlights the role of external merge sort for duplicate removal and grouping, emphasizing the cost... Read more
Key finding: Introduces TempTris, an algorithm that exploits one-dimensionally sorted input streams to build multidimensional partitionings without external sorting. By leveraging linear ordering as partial multidimensional orderings and... Read more

3. What are current algorithmic approaches to efficiently sort permutations and strings, and how do polynomial factorization or lexicographic ranking techniques advance sorting?

Research in this area focuses on novel combinatorial and computational methods to rank, sort, and manipulate permutations and strings efficiently. By representing strings as polynomials and exploiting their algebraic factorization, or assigning lexicographic ranks with linear-time algorithms, these approaches improve on classical sorting, enabling better indexing, genome rearrangement modeling, and suffix sorting. They also provide foundational tools for theoretical and applied computer science.

Key finding: Develops an algorithm achieving O(n) complexity for lexicographic ranking and unranking of permutations by encoding permutations on subsets of the integer set and using arithmetic representations with data structures that... Read more
Key finding: Proposes modeling string suffixes as non-commutative polynomials and grouping consecutive characters as polynomial factors, enabling substring sorting via polynomial factor buckets. This formulation supports efficient... Read more
Key finding: Formulates the genome rearrangement problem as sorting strings by k-cut rearrangements, generalizing classical problems (e.g., transpositions). Introduces theoretical models and complexity analyses of sorting through multiple... Read more

All papers in Merge Sort

Performance of manycore processors is limited by programs’ use of off-chip main memory. Streaming computation organized in a pipeline limits accesses to main memory to tasks at boundaries of the pipeline to read or write to main memory.... more
The Single Chip Cloud computer (SCC) is an experimental processor from Intel Labs with 48 cores connected with a 2D mesh on-chip network. We evaluate the performance of SCC regarding off-chip memory accesses and communication... more
The increasing popularity of flash memory means more database systems will run on flash memory in the future. One of the most important database operations is the external sort. Hence, this paper is focused on studying the problem of... more
Sorting algorithm deals with the arrangement of alphanumeric data in static order. It plays an important role in he field of data science. Selection sort is one of the simplest and efficient algorithms which can be applied for the huge... more
The Parallel Disks Model (PDM) has been proposed to alleviate the I/O bottleneck that arises in the processing of massive data sets. Sorting has been extensively studied on the PDM model due to the fundamental nature of the problem... more
RESUMO Os algoritmos que utilizam técnicas de fusão (merge) de arquivos para a intercalação ou a ordenação de dois ou mais arquivos seqüenciais são conhecidos há muitos anos. Entretanto, as facilidades atualmente disponíveis para... more
Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana konsep relasi rekurensi orde pertama berperan penting dalam dunia komputer, khususnya dalam algoritma merge sort dan binary search. Dengan pendekatan matematis, analisis kompleksitas waktu dilakukan... more
The di:>crctte probability distribution that appears in the sorting process of the Jlioditicd bucket sorting is t.hc' Eulerian dis1 rihutiou. The Eulerian distribution gives a good approximation to the normal distribution. We propose an... more
The research primarily examines the significance of pivot selection of the widely used QuickSort algorithm in order to increase the overall performance and efficiency. Quicksort has an average time complexity of O(nlogn), but its... more
This paper discusses sorting on a hypercube multicomputer, with the assumption that the data to be sorted is initially in the hypercube memory and the sorted data is to reside in the host memory. Three algorithmsheap-and-merge, cyclic... more
O acumulo de dados torna-se cada vez mais um problema a ser resolvido. Faz-se entao, necessario o uso dos algoritmos de ordenacao, que nada mais sao do que processos logicos para se organizar uma determinada estrutura linear, seja ela... more
Three parallel sorting algorithms have been implemented and compared in terms of their overall execution time. The algorithms implemented are the odd-even transposition sort, parallel merge sort and parallel rank sort. A homogeneous... more
Insertion Sort is a simple and intuitive sorting algorithm that works similarly to the way you might sort playing cards in your hands. It builds the sorted array one element at a time by repeatedly taking an element from the unsorted... more
A huge volume of information available today is in the form of images and searching the wanted images is very difficult and highly time-consuming. The search may take longer periods as the search volume on the internet is very huge and... more
Mesin pencari telah menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Ketika kita memiliki pernyataan atau ingin mencari informasi tertentu, hal pertama yang kita lakukan adalah membuka mesin pencari dan mengetikan kata kunci. Di... more
Business intelligence and web log analysis workloads often use queries with top-k clauses to produce the most relevant results. Values of k range from small to rather large and sometimes the requested output exceeds the capacity of the... more
In the paper we discuss performance of classic bubble sort algorithm for large data sets. Research results discussed and described in this article help to evaluate computer methods used in NoSQL database systems for large amounts of the... more
The development in multicore architectures gives a new line of processors that can flexibly distribute tasks between their logical cores. These need flexible models of efficient algorithms, both fast and stable. A new line of efficient... more
Since the dawn of computing, the sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research. In past, many researchers have attempted to optimize it properly using empirical analysis. We have investigated the complexity values researchers... more
This study provides a comparative analysis between Quick sort and Merge sort sorting algorithms in the context of the Dart programming language environment. The results show that Quick Sort dominates in terms of speed when dealing with... more
Mahasiswa diera ini dihadapkan dengan data besar, baik dalam bentuk tugas, referensi, maupun materi kuliah. Oleh karena itu penerapan algoritma sorting bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah mahasiswa dalam pengelolaan data tugas kuliah... more
Sorting adalah proses fundamental dalam komputasi, digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti pemrosesan data, algoritma graf, dan pencarian. Pembelajaran dan riset ini membandingkan performa 3 prosedur algoritma sorting: Bubble Sort,... more
Makalah ini membahas kompleksitas algoritma Quick Sort, yang merupakan algoritma pengurutan. Dalam suatu masalah, bisa ada banyak algoritma penyelesaian. Algoritma penyelesaian tidak harus benar, tetapi juga harus efisien. Efisiensi... more
membahas algoritma Quick Sort, salah satu metode pengurutan data yang efisien dan sering digunakan . Quick Sort ini menggunakan pendekatan divide-and-conquer dengan membagi data menjadi beberapa bagian (partisi) berdasarkan nilai pivot,... more
Implementasi dan analisis algoritma Bubble Sort dalam pemecahan masalah nyata adalah menerapkan dan menganalisa algoritma Bubble Sort dengan visualisasi Flowchart dan diterapkan dalam Bahasa pemrograman. Bubble Sort adalah algoritma... more
Algoritma Insertion Sort adalah salah satu Teknik pengurutan data yang terkenal karena kesederhanaannya dan kemampuannya untuk memberikan hasil yang efisien, terutama ketika diterapkan pada dataset kecil atau dataset yang sudah hampir... more
Algoritma pencarian merupakan metode fundamental untuk menemukan elemen dalam sebuah dataset. Binary Search, sebagai algoritma yang mengadopsi pendekatan "Divide and Conquer," menawarkan efisiensi yang tinggi pada dataset terurut... more
Algoritma quick sort adalah algoritma sorting yang mengandalkan pivot. Ditemukan pada tahun 1959 oleh seorang ilmuwan computer asal inggris Bernama tony Hoare. Algoritma quicksort merupakan algoritma sorting yang paling banyak digunakan.... more
Algoritma pengurutan (sorting) adalah Kumpulan Langkah-langkah penyelesaian suatu masalah dengan metode tertentu untuk mengurutkan nilai dari yang terkecil ke terbesar (ascending) atau sebaliknya (descending). Kompleksitas suatu algoritma... more
Dalam agloritma, pengurutan data merupakan proses yang penting dalam berbagai kasus ataupun aplikasi seperti, pengolahan data, pencarian, dan analis data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan efektivitas... more
file ini berisikan tentang perbandingan antara binary search dan algoritma yang lain
Peranan algoritma sorting dalam konteks pendidikan sangat penting seperti halnya dalam mengurutkan NIS (Nomor Induk Siswa). Salah satu algoritma sederhana yang dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan ini yaitu algoritma buble sort. Penelitian... more
Peranan algoritma sorting dalam konteks pendidikan sangat penting seperti halnya dalam mengurutkan NIS (Nomor Induk Siswa). Salah satu algoritma sederhana yang dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan ini yaitu algoritma buble sort. Penelitian... more
Peranan algoritma sorting dalam konteks pendidikan sangat penting seperti halnya dalam mengurutkan NIS (Nomor Induk Siswa). Salah satu algoritma sederhana yang dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan ini yaitu algoritma buble sort. Penelitian... more
Bubble Sort adalah algoritma pengurutan sederhana yang sering digunakan untuk tujuan pendidikan karena kemudahan implementasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi algoritma Bubble Sort dalam pengurutan data nilai... more
Bubble Sort adalah algoritma pengurutan sederhana yang sering digunakan untuk tujuan pendidikan karena kemudahan implementasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi algoritma Bubble Sort dalam pengurutan data nilai... more
Makalah ini membahas penerapan prosedur pemecahan Merge Sort pada mengurutkan nilai rapor anak didik, yg adalah aspek krusial pada pengolahan data pendidikan. Merge Sort merupakan prosedur pemecahan
Pengelolaan data yang efisien merupakan salah satu kebutuhan utama dalam dunia pendidikan, terutama dalam pengurutan data seperti Nomor Induk Mahasiswa (NIM). Makalah ini membahas implementasi algoritma Bubble Sort untuk menyusun data NIM... more
The most used algorithm is the sorting algorithm. There have been many popping sorting algorithms that can be used, in this study researchers took three sorting algorithms namely Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, and Merge Sort. As for this... more
Despite the improvement in hardware and technology, Limited Battery power in Smartphone is still challenging task. Battery lifetime of mobile phones is needed to be improved. As compare to CPU power, HDD capacity, RAM and other hardware... more
Merge sort is one of the asymptotically optimal sorting algorithms that is used in many places including programming language library functions and operating systems. In this paper, an enhanced merge sort algorithm (EMS) has been... more
Merge sort is one of the asymptotically optimal sorting algorithms that is used in many places including programming language library functions and operating systems. In this paper, an enhanced merge sort algorithm (EMS) has been... more
Анотація. Сортування як один із базових алгоритмів має широкий спектр застосування під час розробки програмного забезпечення. Зі зростанням обсягів даних, що опрацьовуються, значно зростає потреба у засобах швидкого та ефективного... more
The most common type of sorting algorithm used is quicksort. As the name suggests it is the one of the most fastest sorting algorithm used since the innovation of sorting. However, this sort has often been criticised for its worst-case... more
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