Medical Visualization

The study evaluated the efficacy of 2-releasable-suture trabeculectomy in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) among patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) and Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG). It also aimed to assess the need for postoperative suture removal. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 36 patients with POAG or NTG who underwent trabeculectomy with preplaced 2 releasable. Males were 19/36(52.78%). with a M:F ratio of 5.3 : 4.7 The mean age of participants was 52.8 years ± 13.2 SD. IOP levels were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Visual acuity outcomes were assessed, and the statistical significance of IOP reduction was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Need for postoperative suture removal was also assessed. Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 26.31 mmHg, which significantly decreased to 12.23 mmHg at 3 months, 11.71 mmHg at 6 months, and 10.67 mmHg at 1 year (p = 0.011). No patients experienced postoperative hypotony (IOP below 5 mmHg). The 2-releasable sutures-technique demonstrated good IOP reduction with no postoperative suture removals, reducing follow-up visits and patient burden in the eye clinics.No cases of total blindness. Conclusion: The pre-placed 2-releasable suture trabeculectomy effectively lowers IOP in patients with POAG and NTG, with sustained reductions up to 1 year and minimal complications. The technique offers a balance of efficacy and simplicity. Prospective research with larger numbers of patients is recommended.

The explosive growth of scientific visualization in the past 10 years demonstrate a consistent and tacit agreement among scientists that visualization offers a better representation system for displaying complex data than traditional charting methods. However, most visualization works have not been unable to exploit the full potential of visualization techniques. The reason may be that these attempts have been largely executed by scientists. While they have the technical skills for conducting research, they do not have the design background that would allow them to display data in easy to understand formats.

This thesis is a delve into the matter of visualization integration. There are many approaches to visualizing volume data and often several of these approaches can appropriately be used at the same time to visualize different aspects. The usual way is to visualize these aspects separately in different views, but integrating the visualizations into the same view can often be the superior approach. We describe the two most used approaches to visualizing several aspects at the same time; linked views and integrated views. We describe some approaches to create integrated visualizations by showing where in the visualization pipeline the integration takes place. We present work produced by the author describing the integrated visualizations developed. iii Preface "Always be wary of any helpful item that weighs less than its operating manual." The above quote is a thought that should be in the head of most computer scientists at all times. There are many examples of algorithms and programs that are harder to explain the workings of than the problem they solve. In visualization this is the knife's edge that separates simple to comprehend (good) visualizations from hard to comprehend (bad) visualizations. A visualization should provide more information and better insight than the data by itself but it should be presented in a way that is almost intuitive. This is not always possible so shortcuts, abstractions and exceptions are used to overcome these problems. This usually results in complex descriptions of how the visualization works. Effective visualizations that require simple (or no) explanations should be the goal of every visualization researcher. The work presented in this thesis is hopefully a step in this direction. Many people were involved in the creation of this thesis, both directly and indirectly, and in this respect the words of Odin comes to mind: Ingen så gjevmild og gjestmild eg fann, han tok ikkje gåvor og takka. Eller så gjev-sael med godset sitt, han ei lika med løn du takka. -Håvamål Thanks for all your help.

Goal: To develop a method for automated assessment of the volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebral bodies using an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and a phantom modeling method.Materials and Methods: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the AI algorithm designed to assess BMD of the vertebral bodies based on chest CT data. The test data set contains 100 patients aged over 50 y.o.; the ratio between the subjects with/without compression fractures (Сfr) is 48/52. The X-ray density (XRD) of vertebral bodies at T11-L3 was measured by experts and the AI algorithm for 83 patients (205 vertebrae). We used a recently developed QCT PK (Quantitative Computed Tomography Phantom Kalium) method to convert XRD into BMD followed by building calibration lines for seven 64-slice CT scanners. Images were taken from 1853 patients and then processed by the AI algorithm after the calibration. The male to female ratio was 718/1135.Results: The experts and the AI algorithm reached a str...

Поступила 13.03.2023 г. Ю.Т. Гогоберидзе, старший инженер-разработчик 1 ; В.И. Классен, д.т.н., профессор, генеральный директор 2 ; председатель правления 1 ; М.Я. Натензон, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник 3 ; председатель Совета директоров 4 ; И.А. Просвиркин, к.т.н., IT-директор 2 ; А.В. Владзимирский, д.м.н., зам. директора по научной работе 5 ; Д.Е. Шарова, руководитель отдела инновационных технологий 5 ; В.В. Зинченко, начальник сектора клинических и технических испытаний 5

A current challenge in augmented reality applications is the accurate superimposition of synthetic objects on real objects within the environment. This challenge is heightened when the real objects are in motion and/or are non-rigid. In this article, we present a robust method for real-time, optical superimposition of synthetic objects on dynamic, rigid and simple-deformable real objects. Moreover, we illustrate this general method with the VRDA Tool, a medical education application enabling the visualization of internal human knee joint anatomy on a real human knee.

Авторы на основании обширного обзора иностранной и отечественной литературы рассматривают тему лучевой диагностики опухолей тонкого кишечника, особенности диагностики в разрезе используемых современных методов и методик, их предпочтительности при различных нозологиях. На основании обзора определены проблемы диагностики и пути совершенствования диагностики опухолей тонкого кишечника. Ключевые слова: диагностика, КТ-энтерография, опухоль тонкой кишки, аденокарцинома тонкой кишки, карциноид тонкой кишки, ГИСТ тонкой кишки, лимфома тонкой кишки, гемангиома тонкой кишки, полипы тонкого кишечника.

Атипичная дуктальная гиперплазия это пролиферация мономорфных, расположенных на одном уровне клеток, включая терминальную дольково-протоковую единицу. Термин "атипичная дуктальная гиперплазия" определяет группу образований с комбинацией определенных специфических структурных и цитологических особенностей, которые предполагают высокий риск последующего рака молочной железы. Описан случай визуализации атипичной дуктальной гиперплазии молочной железы с нарушением тканевой архитектоники в виде симптома "лучистости" у пациентки с отягощенным акушерско-гинекологическим анамнезом на ультразвуковой системе Siemens Acuson S2000 с помощью автоматизированного объемного сканера для молочной железы ABVS (Automated Breast Volume Scanner).

Атипичная дуктальная гиперплазия это пролиферация мономорфных, расположенных на одном уровне клеток, включая терминальную дольково-протоковую единицу. Термин "атипичная дуктальная гиперплазия" определяет группу образований с комбинацией определенных специфических структурных и цитологических особенностей, которые предполагают высокий риск последующего рака молочной железы. Описан случай визуализации атипичной дуктальной гиперплазии молочной железы с нарушением тканевой архитектоники в виде симптома "лучистости" у пациентки с отягощенным акушерско-гинекологическим анамнезом на ультразвуковой системе Siemens Acuson S2000 с помощью автоматизированного объемного сканера для молочной железы ABVS (Automated Breast Volume Scanner).

A new method of automatic breast volume ultrasonography (ABVS) brings out new possibilities for the evaluation of occult breast cancer, missed on X-ray mammography due to dense breast glandular tissue. This is primarily due to the opportunity to assess the 3D format of whole breast by one scan with evaluation of a typical for malignancy spicularity or retraction phenomenon, high quality digital imaging technologies that enhance the visualization of retroareolar area, opportunity to work with the image on the working station, in the absence of the patient, the possibility of obtaining comparable scans and use them to monitor pathological formations. We present our own clinical case of occult breast cancer in a patient with a dense glandular background, demonstrating the possibilities of automatic volume sonography.

Women's perspectives on breast screening (mammography and breast awareness) were explored in interviews with midlife women sampled for diversity of background and health experience. Attending mammography screening was considered a social obligation despite women's fears and experiences of discomfort. Women gave considerable legitimacy to mammography visualisations of the breast, and the expert interpretation of these. In comparison, women lack confidence in breast awareness practices, directly comparing their sensory capabilities with those of the mammogram, although mammography screening does not substitute breast awareness in a straight forward way. The authors argue that reliance on visualising technology may create a fragmented sense of the body, separating the at risk breast from embodied experience.

Women’s perspectives on breast screening (mammography and breast awareness) were explored in interviews with midlife women sampled for diversity of background and health experience. Attending mammography screening was considered a social obligation despite women’s fears and experiences of discomfort. Women gave considerable legitimacy to mammography visualizations of the breast, and the expert interpretation of these. In comparison, women lacked confidence in breast awareness practices, directly comparing their sensory capabilities with those of the mammogram, although mammography screening did not substitute breast awareness in a straightforward way. The authors argue that reliance on visualizing technology may create a fragmented sense of the body, separating the at risk breast from embodied experience.

We present a scalable holographic system design targeting multi-user interactive computer graphics applications. The display uses a specially arranged array of micro-displays and a holographic screen. Each point of the holographic screen emits light beams of different color and intensity to the various directions, in a controlled manner. The light beams are generated through a light modulation system arranged in a specific geometry and the holographic screen makes the necessary optical transformation to compose these beams into a perfectly continuous 3D view. With proper software control, the light beams leaving the various pixels can be made to propagate in multiple directions, as if they were emitted from physical objects at fixed spatial locations. The display is driven by DVI streams generated by multiple consumer level graphics boards and decoded in real-time by image processing units that feed the optical modules at high refresh rates. An OpenGL compliant library running on a ...

This deliverable reports on the research results achieved in the field of Output Sensitive Rendering Techniques, covered in the project's Work Package 3. We list the contributions from the main involved partners, we summarize the project publications, classifying them in terms of the main data kind handled, list the awards received, and summarize the events that have used the developed technology.

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Background. Living donor liver transplant is an effective method of treatment in patients with different types of endstage liver diseases. Unfortunately, patients undergoing such a complex treatment sometimes develop various vascular complications. Splenic artery steal syndrome has emerged as a cause of graft ischemia in living donor liver transplant recipients and may lead to high liver enzyme levels, cholestasis, hepatic artery thrombosis, and even a graft loss in some severe cases.
Objective. Evaluation of the first results in the experience of our center with a routine intraoperative ligation of the splenic artery during the procedure of right lobe living donor liver transplantation in adult recipients for the prevention of the steal syndrome development in the postoperative period.
Material and methods. Living donor liver transplant recipients with known hepatic arterial flow impairment were retrospectively studied. Patients were allocated into groups with regard whether the splenic artery had been ligated or not during the transplant procedure. Arterial complications were reviewed in both groups.
Results. None of 30 patients with ligated splenic artery developed splenic artery steal syndrome after living donor liver transplant. splenic artery steal syndrome occurred in 60% patients with non-ligated splenic artery. Surgical technique of performing arterial anastomosis was not related to the splenic artery steal syndrome development (p<0.01 There was no local ischemic necrosis noted in the spleen in patients with the ligated splenic artery.
Conclusion. Based on the analysis of our own experience and literature data, the splenic artery ligation appears to be an effective and safe method for preventing a splenic artery steal syndrome in patients following right lobe liver transplantation, with a minimal risk of ischemic complications for the spleen. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to obtain more reliable results. Ultrasound examination and endovascular intervention are the primary tools for an early detection of abnormalities and rapid restoration of arterial blood flow in the hepatic artery of the graft.

Background: The standard care in patients with a painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is conservative therapy. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV), a minimally invasive technique, is gaining popularity as a new treatment option. Many prospective and retrospective studies have reported on the effectiveness and safety of PV, but no large randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been published. Objective: To estimate cost-effectiveness of PV compared to conservative therapy in terms of: pain reduction, quality of life, complications, secondary fractures and mortality. Materials and methods: The VERTOS II study is designed as a prospective, multicenter RCT. Patients with a painful VCF with bone edema on MR imaging, local back pain for 6 weeks or less, osteopenia and aged 50 years or older, after obtaining informed consent are included and randomized for PV or conservative therapy. In total 200 patients will be enrolled. Follow-up is at regular intervals during a 1-year period with standard questionnaires, addressing: clinical symptoms, pain medication, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Secondary fractures, necessary additional therapies and complications are recorded.

This study examined the effects of egocentric distance and screen size on learners’ perceived virtual presence in a virtual reality environment with a large-screen display. Sixty-four undergraduate students participated in the study, which used a 3×2 randomized-block factorial design with repeated measures. Two independent variables were included: 1) egocentric distance, or the physical distance between the viewer&#39;s position and a screen display, and 2) screen size, or different screen heights with fixed width. Learners’ perceived virtual presence, comprising involvement, spatial presence, and realness, was the dependent variable. Results showed that egocentric distance had significant effects on virtual presence, while screen size had none. A detailed discussion and implications are provided.

Volumetric displays permit electronically processed images to be depicted within a transparent physical volume and enable a range of cues to depth to be inherently associated with image content. Further, images can be viewed directly by multiple simultaneous observers who are able to change vantage positions in a natural way. On the basis of research to date, we assume that the technologies needed to implement useful volumetric displays able to support translucent image formation are available and so primarily focus on other issues that have impeded the broad commercialization and application of this display paradigm. This is of particular relevance given the recent resurgence of interest in developing commercially viable, general purpose, volumetric systems. We particularly consider image and display characteristics, usability issues and identify several advantageous attributes that need to be exploited in order to effectively capitalize on this display modality.

Медуллобластома относится к эмбриональным опухолям и является самой частой злокачественной опухолью головного мозга у детей. Медуллобластомы метастазируют по путям ликвороциркуляции в головной и спинной мозг и в редких случаях распространяются за пределы центральной нервной системы. Наличие метастазов опухоли на момент постановки диагноза ухудшает прогноз и требует проведения более агрессивного лечения. Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) всех отделов центральной нервной системы с контрастным усилением является общепринятым стандартным методом для выявления распространения опухоли и определения стадии заболева

The Effect of Depth Information on Inferring Cross-sections Peter Khooshabeh (khooshabeh@psych.ucsb.edu) Mary Hegarty (hegarty@psych.ucsb.edu) Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Introduction Cross-sections of objects are ubiquitous in domains such as medicine, biology, geology, architecture, and engineering. For example, medical images, such as MRI, represent two-dimensional (2-D) planar cross-sections of the 3-D body. Although cross-sections are pervasive, little is known about the cognitive abilities involved in interpreting cross sections or imagining what the cross section of a 3-D object will look like. Depth Information and Cross-Sections In previous research we have found that people have difficulty inferring the appearance of a cross section of a 3- D object displayed on a computer screen (Keehner et al., 2004.). One possibility is that this reflects difficulty in perceiving the 3-d structure of the object. Another possibility is ...

Аннотация Цель статьи-представить вниманию медицинских работников обзор публикаций зарубежных авторов о лечении воспалительной патологии легких (атипичной пневмонии, ковидного пневмонита), вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2. В первой половине ХХ века рентгенотерапия для лечения пневмонии применялась во многих клиниках. В пятнадцати исследованиях сообщалось, что примерно 700 случаев бактериальной (крупозной и бронхопневмонии), невосприимчивой к сульфаниламидам, интерстициальной и атипичной пневмонии эффективно лечили низкими дозами рентгеновского излучения, что приводило к разрешению болезни на основе клинических симптомов, объективных биомаркеров заболевания, и снижению уровня летальности. Способность лучевой терапии снизить летальность была аналогична сывороточной терапии и лечению сульфаниламидами. Считалось, что механизм воздействия рентгеновского лечения на пневмонию включает индукцию противовоспалительного фенотипа, который приводит к быстрому изменению клинических симптомов, облегчая течение болезни. Низкие дозы рентгеновских лучей подавляют воспалительные реакции-эту новую концепцию для лечения вирусной пневмонии, вызванной COVID-19, выдвинули ряд исследователей в США и Европе. Облучение легких в низких дозах может быть важным решением актуального вопроса в настоящее время. В связи с этим Международная исследовательская организация и Международная группа гериатрической лучевой терапии (http://www.igrg.org) предложила простой и практичный протокол низкодозного облучения легких, чтобы обеспечить участие всех стран мира, независимо от их ресурсов в лечении пневмонита, вызванного COVID-19.

In this article provides an overview of publications by foreign authors of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and introduce a modified treatment method for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. X-ray therapy was used to treat pneumonia during the first half of the 20th century. Fifteen studies report that approximately 700 cases of bacterial (lobar and bronchopneumonia), sulfanilamide non-responsive, interstitial, and atypical pneumonia were effectively treated by low doses of X-rays, leading to disease resolution, based on clinical symptoms, objective disease biomarkers, and mortality incidence. The capacity of the X-ray treatment to reduce mortality was similar to serum therapy and sulfonamide treatment during the same time period. The mechanism by which the X-ray treatment acts upon pneumonia involves the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype that leads to a rapid reversal of clinical symptoms. The capacity of low doses of X-rays to suppress inflammatory responses is a significant...

Purpose:Learning the neuroanatomical structures is di cult in traditional medical education. Knowledge and visual materials in neuroanatomy books or atlases are static and limited with two dimensions. The limitation of cadaver and plastic models has been solved by the development of three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models using digital visualization technologies. Medical students are better able to understand the spatial topography of a large number of neuroanatomical structures that are condensed into a small region when they make use of 3D visualization technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Our study will open a new window to classical neuroanatomy education. We aimed to evaluate how much 3D neuroanatomical models based on VR application affect the success and motivation of medical school students in neuroanatomy courses. Methods:Four exams were given to the second-year medical faculty students before the classical theoretical course (1), after the theoretical course (2), after the VR training and application (3), and six months later to evaluate the long-term effects of the training (4). Results:Success averages were evaluated out of 10; It was found 3.38 in the students who participated in the evaluation after the traditional theoretical training, and 4.55 in the group who received VR training. In the long-term evaluation after six months, this average was found to be higher in the group that received VR training. Conclusion:Our study lls an important gap in the literature in terms of demonstrating the positive effects of VR-based neuroanatomy training on memory in the long term.

Seven decades ago, UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) concluded that health education was an integral element in educational programs that targeted holistic societal development and that health education was not only most needed in China but also universal in many colonial Asian societies and other underdeveloped countries. Against this backdrop, UNESCO and China cooperated in an experiment on public health education with audio-visual aids, the experience of which was considered valuable for vast underdeveloped countries and circulated via UNESCO clear house across the globe. Locating in a long history of transcultural dialogue on illness between China and the West, this article closely examines this UNESCO-China joint pilot project of “the Healthy Village.” This article illustrates how the verbal and visual representation of illness and scientific-medical knowledge was negotiated, accommodated, and mediated among UNESCO experts, Chinese local activists, and local villagers to build up a theater of medical truth during the production and application of audio-visual aids such as posters, booklets, film slides, and animation et cetera in this pilot project. With simple and vivid materials, this UNESCO-China joint project attempted to teach Chinese villagers basic medical knowledge and to practice personal and public hygiene in household and community activities. The goal was to prevent infectious diseases that could be spread between animals and humans and build physical fitness in the broader development framework. In this sense, “the Healthy Village” pilot project was a preliminary experiment with the idea of “One Health.”

Зубарев Александр Васильевич-доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики ФГБУ "Учебно-научный медицинский центр" Управления делами Президента РФ; Фёдорова Анна Александровна-врач УЗД ФГБУ "Клиническая больница №1" Управления делами Президента РФ (Волынская), ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики ФГБУ "Учебно-научный медицинский центр" Управления делами Президента РФ; Чернышев Владимир Владимирович-врач УЗД ФГБУ "Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой" Управления делами Президента РФ, ФГБУ "Клиническая больница №1" Управления делами Президента РФ (Волынская), аспирант кафедры лучевой диагностики ФГБУ "Учебно-научный медицинский центр" Управления делами Президента РФ; Варламов Геннадий Владимирович-клинический ординатор кафедры лучевой диагностики ФГБУ "Учебно-научный медицинский центр" Управления делами Президента РФ; Соколова Нина Андреевна-клинический ординатор кафедры лучевой диагностики ФГБУ "Учебно-научный медицинский центр" Управления делами Президента РФ; Федорова Наталья Александровна-канд. мед. наук, врач УЗД КДЦ "Медси".

ель исследования. Лимфангиолейомиоматоз (ЛАМ)-орфанное заболевание, особенности течения которого при длительном наблюдении пациентов не изучены. Применение различных методов лучевой (компьютерной томографии (КТ), высокоразрешающей КТ (ВРКТ), КТ-ангиографии, однофотонноэмиссионной компьютерной томографии (ОФЭКТ), позитронно-эмиссионной компьютерной томографии (ПЭТ-КТ) и функциональной (ОФЭКТ), комплексное исследование функции внешнего дыхания (КИФВД) диагностики позволяет выявить и оценить в динамике спектр торакальных и внеторакальных изменений при этом заболевании. Оценить клинико-лучевые особенности торакальных и внеторакальных изменений при динамическом наблюдении пациентов с лимфангиолейомиоматозом. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 83 больных с морфологически подтвержденным ЛАМ. Средний возраст больных составил 42,2±6,3 года (ж/м-83/0). В комплексном обследовании пациентов применялись клинические, лучевые и функциональные методы исследования: рентгенография в двух проекциях, КТ, ВРКТ, ОФЭКТ. При необходимости выполнялись КТ-ангиография-у 43 больных, ПЭТ-КТ-у 7 пациентов. Также пациентам было выполнено комплексное исследование функции внешнего дыхания (КИФВД) и эхокардиография. Больные наблюдались в динамике (период наблюдения 6,1±4,2 года). Результаты. Анализ результатов клинического и лучевого исследования выявил следующие варианты легочных проявлений ЛАМ: узловая форма верифицирована у 14 больных, диффузная-у 65 больных и смешанная-у 4 пациентов. Пациенты с диффузной формой были разделены по лучевой картине (КТ) на 3 группы. 1 группа-с единичными мелкими кистами (14 пациенток), при первичном проведении ОФЭКТ у пациенток этой группы не было выявлено значимых перфузионных нарушений, при выполнении КИФВД у больных этой группы функциональные нарушения отсутствовали или были минимальными, преимущественно за счет ухудшения условий газообмена. Для 1 группы не было характерно наличие внеторакальных проявлений ЛАМ. У двух пациенток 1 группы отмечалось быстрое нарастание числа кист с формированием клиниколучевой картины, характерной для больных 3 группы. Вторую группу составили 13 пациенток с множественными крупными кистами. При проведении ОФЭКТ для пациенток второй группы было характерно наличие, преимущественно в прикорневых отделах, участков аперфузии, соответствующих анатомической локализации кист, КИФВД выявляло проявления резко выраженной бронхиальной обструкции в сочетании с умеренными или значительными диффузионными нарушениями. Для больных этой группы было характерно медленное, неуклонное нарастание изменений. При проведении терапии сиролимусом у 4 больных этой группы выявлялся частичный регресс лимфостаза в клетчаточных пространствах и в легочной ткани, частичный регресс хилоторакса, хилезного асцита, частичное улучшение функциональных показателей. Третья группа-с множественными мелкими кистами (38 пациенток) имела самое неблагоприятное течение: при проведении ОФЭКТ у больных этой группы отмечались выраженные перфузионные нарушения: протяженные зоны гипоперфузии в обоих легких, участки аперфузии в субплевральных отделах с двух сторон. По результатам КИФВД у пациенток этой группы выявлялись смешанные нарушения механики дыхания с резким ухудшением условий газообмена в легких. При динамическом наблюдении в 31 % случаев (12 больных) отмечалось прогрессирование процесса, частые и тяжелые его обострения. При проведении терапии сиролимусом у 7 больных этой группы выявлялся частичный регресс лимфостаза в клетчаточных пространствах и в легочной ткани, частичный регресс хилоторакса, хилезного перикардита, хилезного асцита, частичное улучшение функциональных показателей. Осложнения заболевания определялись у большинства Ц ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия

The Eurographics Association organizes a biannual competition to acknowledge the contribution that computer graphics and visualization are playing in the medical field, and to encourage further development. Until 2019, the prize was collocated with the Eurographics Conference. From 2021 on, it will be collocated with EG/VGTC EuroVis. Originally called "Eurographics Medical Prize", the competition was renamed to "Dirk Bartz Prize for Visual Computing in Medicine" in 2010-in honor of Dirk Bartz who passed away far too early in March 2010. Dirk Bartz was a highly recognized and enthusiastic scientist, teacher and promoter of Visual Computing in Medicine. Furthermore, he was an active member of the Eurographics Association and Chair of the EG Medical Prize 2007 and 2009.

Optical parameter assignment via Transfer Functions (TF) is the sole interactive part in medical visualization via volume rendering. Being an interactive element of the rendering pipeline, TF specification has very important effects on the quality of volume-rendered medical images. However, TF specification should be supported by informative search spaces, interactive data exploration tools and intuitive user interfaces. Due to the trade-off between user control and TF domain complexity, integrating different features into the TF without losing user interaction is a challenging task since both are needed to fulfill the expectations of a physician. By addressing this problem, we introduce a semi-automatic method for initial generation of TFs. The proposed method extends the concept of recently introduced Volume Histogram Stack (VHS), which is a new domain constructed by aligning the histograms of the image slices of a CT and/or MR series. In this study, the VHS concept is extended by...

Treating advanced glaucoma often requires numerous therapeutic modalities in order to achieve the desired intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the IOP lowering efficacy of both cyclocryotherapy (CCT) and transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TS-DCPC) in the management of refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial included 40 patients (40 eyes) with refractory glaucoma treated at the Eye Department, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, between January 2016 and June 2019. Twenty patients underwent CCT (group 1), while another twenty patients were treated with TS-DCPC (group 2). Each patient underwent complete eye examination on the treatment day, as well as follow-up eye examinations 7 days and 1, 6 and 12 months after the intervention, when IOP and number of anti-glaucoma drugs used were recorded. The median baseline IOP was 36.50 mm Hg (IQR, 28.75-42.00) in group 1 and 27.00 mm Hg (IQR, 22.00-35.00) in group 2. Follow-up measurements of IOP in group 1 showed the following results: 16.50 mm Hg (IQR, 7.75-20.00) (60% decrease from the baseline value), 12.00 mm Hg (IQR, 9.25-18.00) (67% decrease from the baseline value), 9.00 mm Hg (IQR, 2.00-13.75) (73% decrease from the baseline value), and 9.50 (IQR, 2.50-12.00) (75% decrease from the baseline value) after 7 days, 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Follow-up measurements of IOP in group 2 showed the following results: 16.00 mm Hg (IQR, 10.00-17.00) (48% decrease from the baseline value), 14.00 mm Hg (IQR, 10.00-16.00) (56% decrease from the baseline value), 14.00 mm Hg (IQR, 12.25-16.50) (43% decrease from the baseline value) and 14.00 mm Hg (IQR, 11.25-15.75) (53% decrease from the baseline value) after 7 days, 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively. The mean number of antiglaucoma drugs used decreased from 4 to 0.65±0.81 and 2.25±1.07 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In conclusion, study results confirmed the CCT and TS-DCPC to have a rapid and statistically significant ocular hypotensive effect in eyes with refractory glaucoma at one-year follow-up.

Purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the reliabilityof ARFI elastometry for diagnosis of fibrosis severity stages in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.Material and methods. ARFI elastometry measurements were  done in 103 patients. Mean age of patients was 39.2 ± 10.8 years.  The study included 11 patients with HBV chronic hepatitis, 87  patients with HCV chronic hepatitis and 5 patients with В+D chronic  hepatitis. Liver stiffness was measured using ARFI elastometry with  following liver biopsy which was made 1–2 after US study and  assessed according to the METAVIR score. Control group included 32  patients (20 (62.5%) volunteers and 12 (37.5%) potential liver  fragment donors). Mean age of patients was 26.9 ± 5.3 years. None  of the healthy subjects had a history of gastrointestinal, pancreatic or hepatic disease; all patients had a normal results of laboratory tests.Results. Significant correlation (r = 0.74, р &lt; 0.001) was found  between ARFI measurements and li...

Abernethy malformation is a congenital disease characterized by complete or partial underdevelopment of the portal vein, leading to the occurrence of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. The anomaly with the absence of the portal vein is detected in 80% of cases in childhood. Patients with this pathology are very frequently examined when detecting space-occupying liver lesions and assuming the presence of a vascular abnormality. The paper describes clinical cases of benign focal liver lesions and Abernethy malformation in children.

Московский городской центр трансплантации печени НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского, г. Москва © Ермолов А.С., Чжао А.В., Чугунов А.О. В статье представлены данные, касающиеся истории развития хирургии печени от Средневековья до наших дней. На первом этапе (вплоть до XIX в.) представители медицинской профессии имели схематичные знания по анатомии печени и операции на этом органе производили спорадически. На втором этапе (первая половина XX в.) была открыта сегментарная анатомия печени, предложены разно образные технические приемы по выделению долевых и сегментарных ножек. В этот период стали регулярно выполняться плановые ре зекции печени различного объема. Современный, третий, этап развития хирургии ознаменован синтезом достижений в области анато мии и хирургии печени с революционными открытиями в области высоких технологий, иммунологии, тканевой совместимости и фарма кологии. Стали возможными такие операции, как трансплантация печени, расширенные резекции и экстракорпоральные вмешательства на печени. Ключевые слова: печень, хирургия. Data concerning history of hepatic surgery beginning from the Middle Ages to current days are presented. On the first stage (till XIX century), representatives of medical profession had schematic ideas on hepatic anatomy and operations on this organ were perforemed sporadi cally. On the second stage (first half of the XX century), segmental hepatic anatomy was established, different technical methods concerning iden tification of shared and segmental pedicles were offered. Planned resections of the liver began to be regularly performed in this period. Current, third stage of the surgery development was marked by the synthesis of achievements in the area of hepatic anatomy and surgery with revolution ary discoveries in high technology area, immunology, tissue compatibility and pharmacology. Such surgeries became to be possible as transplan tation of the liver, broadened resections and extracorporeal interventions performed on the liver.

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a diagnostic technique that allows obtaining additional information about the number and localization of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases in the liver (especially with their intraparenchymal location), determining their relationship with the arteries and veins of the liver, navigating for puncture biopsy and / or performing minimally invasive treatment of lesions, and adjusting the amount of resection intervention on the liver during surgery. When performing minimally invasive medical procedures, IOUS application helps to avoid injuries to blood vessels, bile ducts and adjacent organs, and also allows evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and identifying potential complications. An important component of IOUS is the support of surgical procedures with a staged assessment of the liver hemodynamics, providing an immediate correction of the surgical situation. Thus, IOUS is a safe, inexpensive and highly informative diagnostic option, which sho...

Science-fiction has frequently depicted people directly interacting with life-size autostereoscopic images projected from the walls of buildings in public places. In this paper, we present a large modularized autostereoscopic display. The shape and size can be easily changed by rearranging the number of the multiple display modules. We propose a reconfigurable temporal division multiplexed autostereoscopic display module that can display aerial images. Moreover, we show that the temporal division multiplexing method allows the autostereoscopic display to be viewed from a broad range of positions. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of this modularized 3D display technology. Furthermore, user evaluations confirmed that the depth perception of the image was improved by connecting the multiple display modules. CCS Concepts • Human-centered computing → Displays and imagers; • Computing methodologies → Mixed / augmented reality;

Опухоль Вильмса (ОВ) (нефробластома, эмбриональный рак почки, аденосаркома почки, эмбриональная нефрома, смешанная опухоль почки) - злокачественное эмбриональное новообразование почки, занимающее второе место среди злокачественных опухолей забрюшинного пространства, частота диагностирования составляет 7-8 случаев на 1 000 000 детского населения от 1 до 15 лет, возникает в среднем у детей 3-4 лет. Частота нефробластомы у мальчиков и девочек почти не отличается (соответственно 1:1,1). Двустороннее поражение почек наблюдается в 7% случаев, причем в 85% эти опухоли синхронные. У девочек несколько чаще, чем у мальчиков, наблюдается многоочаговый (57%) и двусторонний опухолевый процесс (58,5%).

Maintenance of complex technology artifacts in hazardous environments can be a risky and demanding procedure. Operators need to be both efficient and meticulous in their activities in order to ensure the quality of their maintenance activities and the effectiveness of the limited time spent in the hazardous environment. Thus, an intuitive AR informative system could improve the operators' efficiency during their presence in the hazardous environment. What are the Human-Computer Interaction implications that arise in such applications?

Background: The standard care in patients with a painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is conservative therapy. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV), a minimally invasive technique, is gaining popularity as a new treatment option. Many prospective and retrospective studies have reported on the effectiveness and safety of PV, but no large randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been published. Objective: To estimate cost-effectiveness of PV compared to conservative therapy in terms of: pain reduction, quality of life, complications, secondary fractures and mortality. Materials and methods: The VERTOS II study is designed as a prospective, multicenter RCT. Patients with a painful VCF with bone edema on MR imaging, local back pain for 6 weeks or less, osteopenia and aged 50 years or older, after obtaining informed consent are included and randomized for PV or conservative therapy. In total 200 patients will be enrolled. Follow-up is at regular intervals during a 1-year period with standard questionnaires, addressing: clinical symptoms, pain medication, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Secondary fractures, necessary additional therapies and complications are recorded.

Гомельский государственный медицинский университет 2 Гомельская областная клиническая больница 3 Объединенный институт проблем информатики НАН РБ 4 Гомельский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме экстренной хирургии-диагностике инфицированного панкреонекроза. Авторы разработали и провели анализ клинической эффективности применения нового способа дифференциальной диагностики стерильного и инфицированного панкреонекроза: вычисления параметров анизотропии тканей на основе КТ-изображений. Разработанный способ анализа КТ-данных оказался достаточно точным для диагностики панкреатической инфекции. Ключевые слова: острый панкреатит, инфицированный панкреонекроз, диагностика, КТ-изображения, анизотропия.

Augmented Reality (AR) has the opportunity to be a disruptive technology in the delivery of educational materials at all levels, from public outreach activities to expert level teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The attractiveness of AR as a teaching tool is its ability to deliver a blended learning experience created from the mixing of the virtual and real environments or materials in the classroom. This allows students to learn in a variety of ways to mix didactic, experiential and kinaesthetic learning. We have developed, and are in the process of developing, AR applications that aim to transform the learning space into one that is highly interactive, so this paper will discuss the potential impact of such teaching interventions on higher education.

Augmented Reality (AR) applications are becoming mature technologies for the use in manufacturing systems. Their very innovative character together with the variety of devices are now forcing production managers and researchers to analyse their application from technological to organizational point of view. The aim of the paper is to propose a multi-criteria model which integrates technical and organizational metrics to provide reliable decision support system for analysing the application of AR technologies in manufacturing. The proposed model applies the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method for integrating effectively technological and organizational factors which will contribute to analyse how an AR system could be effectively applied in the manufacturing sector.

tion for pediatric glaucoma have judged success by similar criteria. 10-14 In summary, we believe that cyclocryotherapy, if used judiciously, remains an alternative treatment for managing selected eyes with refractory pediatric glaucoma. Favorable aspects of this treatment method include the ready availability of the needed equipment, the nonincisional and brief nature of the procedure, and its relative cost-effectiveness. Serious limitations include limited success rates, the need for multiple treatments with delayed onset of IOP control in these cases, and the significant incidence of devastating complications. Our results suggest that cyclocryotherapy is comparable in IOP-lowering ability to trans-scleral Nd: YAG and diode cyclophotocoagulation in these patients, although perhaps with a higher complication rate. In our series of patients, aniridic eyes seemed especially prone to complications, specifically phthisis. The relative postoperative inflammation and discomfort caused by the various available cycloablative techniques cannot be assessed by available data. A prospective study might better assess the long-term relative effectiveness and rates of success and complication associated with the various cyclodestructive methods in patients with refractory pediatric glaucoma.

Background: The outcomes of the implementation of augmented reality (AR) in anatomical education have not been reviewed so far. We performed a narrative review of the literature concerning these outcomes. Methods: We searched in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ERIC, CINAHL plus and Web of Science for papers with the aim to explore the outcomes of the implementation of AR in anatomical education. From each paper, we extracted the following data: authors, year of publication, type of study (comparative or not), number of participants, level of outcome according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy, acceptability of AR, impact on examinations performance, ability to facilitate understanding of spatial organization of structures and to motivate students to learn anatomy. Results: Seven papers were eligible for analysis. There were five comparative and two non-comparative studies. Three studies evaluated only students' perceptions about AR, while four papers assessed their examinations performance after the application of AR. Generally, AR was proved a highly acceptable and enjoyable anatomy teaching tool. It had remarkable efficacy in terms of helping students understand three-dimensional organization of structures and achieve satisfactory examinations results. Conclusions: Although the research concerning the implementation of AR in anatomical education is relatively limited, there are promising results regarding the teaching potential of AR. These results could encourage anatomy educators to include this tool in their teaching methods. Randomized controlled studies are needed to prove if AR could effectively replace or supplement other anatomy pedagogy methods.

Figure 1: Visual comparison of VDI rendering quality with direct volume rendering (DVR) for the Kingsnake (top), Rayleigh-Taylor (middle), and Richtmyer-Meshkov (bottom) datasets. All frame rates are reported without empty-space skipping for comparability. Image quality metrics are computed w.r.t. the DVR image at the same angle.

Purpose. To develop a system for assessing liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadoxetic acid.Material and Methods. Data from studies of 74 patients who underwent abdominal MRI with intravenous gadoxetic acid (GA) enhancement were analyzed. For statistical analysis of the data, two groups were formed: group 1 (n = 22) comprised patients with unchanged liver parenchyma, normal liver function, and benign tumors; group 2 (n = 52) comprised patients with liver cirrhosis, with the presence of regenerative and/or dysplastic nodes, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The following quantitative parameters were studied to assess liver function in patients of two groups: relative enhancement (RE), contrast enhancement index (CEI), liver/skeletal muscle (SM) index, liver/spleen index, liver/kidney index, analysis of histograms (AH), and liver function imaging scale (FLIS).Results. The criteria for a functional deficiency of liver f...

Поликистозная билиарная гамартома печени (БГП)-очень редкое доброкачественное новообразование печени, формирующееся вследствие порока развития желчных протоков. Чаще всего характеризуется бессимтомным течением и является случайной находкой. В данном клиническом наблюдении вашему вниманию мы хотим представить случай успешного радикального хирургического лечения поликистозной БГП у ребенка 8 лет.

Проведен анализ применения методики проведения ПЭТ/КТ исследования с меченными 18F-FDG лейкоцитами с целью дифференциальной диагностики воспалительных заболеваний и злокачественных новообразований. Проведен анализ причинно-следственной зависимости накопления меченных 18F-FDG лейкоцитов в ткани селезенки с эквивалентной дозой радиоактивности. Отмечено повышение накопления РФП в случае мечения лейкоцитов в паренхиме селезенки в среднем на 57,1 %, что подтверждает связывание лейкоцитов крови с РФП. Установлено повышение накопления меченых лейкоцитов в ткани селезенки с одновременным снижением накопления в паренхиме печени. Проведен корреляционный анализ зависимости накопления РФП в паренхиме селезенки. Отмечена средняя отрицательная корреляция между накоплением РФП в ткани селезенки и введенной дозой радиоактивности препарата, это свидетельствует о том, что количественное накопление РФП в ткани селезенки достоверно не зависит от дозы введенного препарата. Количественное накопление РФП в ткани селезенки не зависит от дозы введенного препарата, отмечается корреляция дозы меченных 18F-FDG лейкоцитов, с накоплением препарата в паренхиме селезенки. Методика мечения РФП-18 FDG лейкоцитов дает основу для разработки критериев дифференциальной диагностики между злокачественными и воспалительными заболеваниями.