Mechanical Engineering Technology

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into mathematics education signifies a pivotal transformation in pedagogical practices, presenting remarkable opportunities and formidable challenges for educators, policymakers, and learners. This conceptual paper employed a theory synthesis approach to critically analyse the implications of AI adoption in mathematics education, concentrating on three fundamental dimensions: stakeholder roles, implementation pathways, and future trajectories. The investigation explored the potential of AI tools, including platforms like ChatGPT, to mitigate barriers in academic writing and enhance inclusivity in scholarly communication while assessing AI's broader pedagogical implications for mathematics instruction. The findings indicated that effective AI integration necessitates a balanced framework that harmonises technological infrastructure with pedagogical innovation, all while prioritising educational equity. The paper contributes to the existing literature by offering a structured framework for stakeholder engagement, actionable implementation strategies, and a forwardlooking research agenda that underscores the necessity for longitudinal studies, cross-cultural comparative analyses, and adaptive assessment models. Furthermore, it advocates for a synergistic approach that combines traditional methodologies with AI-enhanced techniques, positing that the future of mathematics education hinges on this thoughtful integration. This work aims to foster inclusive and dynamic learning ecosystems in mathematics education by providing theoretical insights and practical guidance, equipping educational institutions, policymakers, and practitioners with the tools necessary to navigate this evolving landscape.

This study focuses on developing an empirical model for average surface roughness during computer
numerical controlled (CNC) dry milling of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, utilizing response
surface methodology (RSM). Experiments were designed with three levels of axial depth of cut, feed
rate, and spindle speed to quantify their impact on surface roughness. The RSM-Box-Behnken design
was employed to construct the empirical model. Model adequacy was validated through residual
analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysis of the main effects and interaction effects
revealed that the primary influences on average surface roughness were the feed rate, spindle speed,
and axial depth of cut, while interaction effects were lesssignificant. Optimal cutting conditions were
determined to be aspindle speed of 1500 rpm, a feed rate of 30 mm min−1, and an axial depth of cut of
0.3 mm. The model’s validity was further confirmed through additional validation tests.

The rapid emphasis on the use of learner-centred approaches in the teaching and learning process necessitates the use of technological tools in technology education. The use of these tools has enormous benefits to students and the industries. The study explores the constraints to the effective implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered tools in Mechanical Technology Education programme in Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. This paper also considered various AI powered tools used in the implementation of mechanical technology education; it also reviews the constraints faced by Universities in the delivery of Mechanical Technology Education programmes. The constraints are categorized into four main areas: Technical Constraints: Data quality and availability, algorithmic bias, integration with existing systems, scalability, interoperability, cybersecurity risks, and explainability; Pedagogical Constraints: Limited teacher training, bias and lack of transparency, overreliance on technology, insufficient human interaction, data privacy and security concerns, and potential job displacement; Financial and Administrative Constraints: Limited internet access, insufficient hardware, poor network infrastructure, limited funding, lack of technical support, and data privacy and security concerns; and Social and Cultural Constraints: Accessibility and equity concerns, bias and lack of transparency, cultural sensitivity and inclusivity, dependence on technology, job displacement, lack of emotional intelligence, high implementation costs, and data privacy and security concerns. The study recommends developing robust data sets, implementing transparent AI, investing in technical support, prioritizing cybersecurity, encouraging collaboration, and providing teacher training to address these constraints. By acknowledging and addressing these constraints, educators and policymakers can work together to create more effective AI-powered tools for Mechanical Technology Education programmes.

Keywords: Universities, Industrial Technology Education, Mechanical Technology Education, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Artificial Intelligence (AI) Powered Tools.

This study reports exhaust emission evaluation for internal combustion engines laboratory of four-stroke, single-cylinder, water cooled system, in constant speed (1000-3000 rpm), SI engine. Exhaust gas emissions, carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbon HC and carbon dioxide CO2 emissions levels were estimated at many speed operation of the engine. The engine was operated with different types of fuel. It was observed that when the engine is fuelled by alcohol fuel, the volumetric ratio of the exhaust pollutants is minimum compared to the rest of the varieties of fuel and even when the catalyst converter is used.

This study focused on the assessment of fabrication and welding skills required for employment of university students in Rivers State used as a tool in curbing electoral malpractice in Nigeria. A descriptive survey design guided the study. The population comprised 24 Fabrication and Welding (FW) lecturers and Instructors in the owned Universities (Rivers State University lecturers and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education in Rivers State) (i. e. FW lecturers 16 and Instructors 8). No sampling was done as the population was manageable. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. A questionnaire titled "Fabrication and Welding Skills Required for Employment of University Students in Rivers State: A Tool for Curbing Electoral Malpractice in Nigeria (FWSNEATCEMN)" was developed to elicit responses from the respondents. The instrument was validated by three experts in the fields of Vocational and Technology Education and Training and Political Science Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha Reliability coefficient which yielded 0.86 and 0.87 respectively. Statistical Mean was used to answer the research questions while standard deviation was used to determine the homogeneity in the responses of the respondent and z-test was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that fabrication skills are required for employment of university students in Rivers State used as a tool in curbing electoral malpractice in Nigeria. The study also showed that fabrication skills are required for employment of university students in Rivers State used as a tool in curbing electoral malpractice in Nigeria. Among the recommendations in the study are: TVET institution's administrators should ensure that there is a synergy between TVET institutions and industries during training to ensure that students acquire fabrication skills needed for employment: A tool for curbing electoral malpractice in Nigeria, and TVET institutions should ensure that students undergo their industrial attachment in related and allied industries to ensure that students acquire welding skills needed for employment: A tool for curbing electoral malpractice in Nigeria.

The paper presents maintenance analysis of a specific subsystem with two standby units called Butt Thimble Removal Press 1 & Butt Thimble Removal Press II, of an aluminum plant. Since the subsystem reliability contribute to the entire plant performance and functionality, it becomes important to assess the reliability of the subsystems as well. Six years' of data pertaining to failures, repairs and various cost associated with the system are collected for the purpose, and various rates and costs are also estimated from the data. Measures of subsystem effectiveness such as mean time to subsystem failure, availability of the subsystem, busy period analysis, and expected number of visits by the repairman to repair are estimated numerically by using Semi-Markov processes and regenerative point techniques.

The purpose of this study was to assess safety skills possessed by metalwork technology Education students in Nigeria certificate in education (Technical) awarding institutions in Kaduna state, two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study, a descriptive survey research was adapted for the study. The population of the study comprised 50 metalwork technology education students in Nigeria certificate in education (Technical) awarding institutions. An observational checklist consisting of 24 items was used as the data collection instruments.

Many universities offer design thinking courses as part of their graduation programs which involve hands-on learning, interdisciplinary approach and international collaborations. In India, "Design Thinking", as a subject has been included in the curriculum of engineering and allied courses through the National Education policy (NEP 2020). The pedagogy for this course, must consider modern teaching methodologies, real-world applications, and tools that focus on engaging students and enhancing interaction. This paper focuses on suggesting a structure that guides students through the design thinking process while engaging them in practical environment that enhance interactive & innovative learning experiences. It also aims to evaluate the pedagogical effectiveness of the course based on students' perceptions and feedback. The conclusions are based on mapping of course outcomes and thematic analysis from the responses of with positive feedback from 232 first year undergraduate students of engineering. Findings reveal that student engagement, creativity, and interdisciplinary collaboration is fostered through the course indicating pedagogical effectiveness. Use of interactive & creative teaching-learning tools, faculty traits and real-world applicability further promote conducive environment for an innovative and satisfactory learning experience for the students, while increasing contact hours and additional structured assignments were suggested as possible betterment of the course.

Green banking practices are gaining momentum in India as financial institutions increasingly acknowledge the significance of environmental sustainability in their operations. This paper delves into the opportunities and challenges linked with green banking initiatives in India. It commences by offering an overview of the concept of green banking and its relevance in the Indian context. The paper explores various opportunities for green banking in India, encompassing the escalating demand for sustainable financial products, regulatory backing, and the potential for bolstering corporate social responsibility. However, despite the presence of these opportunities, the paper also outlines various challenges that obstruct the widespread adoption of green banking practices in India. These challenges include insufficient customer awareness, absence of standardized green banking frameworks, and financial constraints. In conclusion, the paper offers recommendations aimed at overcoming these hurdles and fully realizing the potential of green banking in India.

Famers do spray seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. to protect crops from different insects, pests, diseases and have good harvests. Hand and fuel operated spray pumps are the most common sprayer used in Nigeria. The sprayer causes user fatigue due to excessive bulky and heavy construction, a user can't use it for more than five (5) hours without getting tired, the fuel sprayer is expensive to maintain, emits carbon dioxide and harmful to our environment. In this study, a movable solar operated sprayer for the farming operation was designed and fabricated to overcome these difficulties. The system operates in both direct mode and indirect mode. In the direct mode, the sprayer is operated from the electricity generated by 50W solar panel mounted on a movable frame and in the indirect mode it is operated on stored electrical energy in the lead-acid DC battery (12 V, 12 Ah). Priming diaphragm pump of 10W or mini DC reciprocating cycle motor of 5W is used to generate th...

A continuation of MET 301, including analysis and design of power screws, brakes, clutches, belts, chain drives, gears, gear trains, bearings, and other machine elements. MET 301 COREQUISITE(S) Text: Design of Machine Elements, 8 th Ed. by M.F. Spotts, T.E.

The principles of strength of materials are applied to mechanical design. Topics include theory of failure, stress concentration factors and fatigue, the design and analysis of shafts subjected to static and dynamic loadings, and critical speed of a rotating shaft.

Geothermal steam turbine rotors and blades operate at low pressure and temperatures and are constructed of hardware (rotors and diaphragms) derived from equipment used in nuclear power plants. The operating conditions encountered are aggressive when compared to steam chemistry prevalent in the closed system of conventional power plants. This paper reviews the typical steam path damage mechanism encountered during normal geothermal steam turbine operation and identifies remediation methods if any that are available to recover and continue to operate this critical equipment. Topics reviewed include: foreign and domestic object damage, scale formation, erosion mechanisms, rubbing, fretting, corrosion, vibratory stresses and fatigue, localised pitting and crevice corrosion and sulfide stress cracking.

The act of sustainable manufacturing lies in the response's prediction analysis, such as surface roughness during machining operations with nanolubricant. This research focuses on developing a mathematical model to predict the experimental results of surface roughness of AA8112 alloys obtained during the end-milling process with an eco-friendly nano-lubricant. The study employed vegetable oil as the base cutting fluid (copra oil) and Titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as an additive. The end-milling machining was carried out with five machining parameters. The prediction analysis was done with a backpropagation feed-forward neural network (BPNN) and quadratic rotatable central composite design (QRCCD). The results show that the BPNN predicted the experimental results with 99.85%, and the QRCCD predicted 91.1%. The error percentage from both prediction analyses is 0.2% from the BPNN and 0.9% from the QRCCD. Therefore, the application of BPNN has proven viable in predicting surface roughness in machining operations. It will also improve the manufacturing industry's productivity and eliminate the high rate of waste materials during machining.

Plastic products formation process duration is the important parameter of technological injection molding. For information combination on several parameters of plastic products formation the Venn diagram has been used. The diagram contains the whole set of possible parameters (sample space). Having chosen rational parameters for optimum duration achievement of formation process, it is offered to formalize them by means of information model. On the basis of the Venn diagram, an information model is proposed for the duration of the plastic products molding process by injection molding. The information model can be the basis for a mathematical model that will enable the development of a module for molding process automated control. The information model of the molding process duration reflects the parameters of the process and the service features of the injection mold.

Purpose: This study explores the adoption of green retail banking practices, focusing on sustainable branch operations and consumer-oriented digital solutions, aiming to assess their environmental and operational benefits. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research uses a qualitative approach, reviewing literature and case studies of green banking initiatives, including paperless transactions, mobile banking, and energy-efficient systems, to analyse their environmental and financial impacts. Findings: Sustainable practices like paperless withdrawals, mobile apps for account opening, and energy-efficient technologies reduce costs and environmental impact. Promoting digital banking services also lowers the carbon footprint while enhancing customer convenience and satisfaction.Originality/Value: This study provides valuable insights into sustainable banking practices and their effects on efficiency and customer loyalty, offering actionable recommendations for banks to enhance their green initiatives.

The study was on the development of training module for refrigeration and air-conditioning craftsmen in Technical Colleges in Rivers State. Specifically, five (5) objectives, five (5) research questions and five (5) hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a Research and Development design. The population for the study consisted of seventy-five (75) respondents which comprised twenty-one (21) refrigeration and air-conditioning teachers and fifty-four (54) registered refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians in Rivers State. The entire population of refrigeration and air-conditioning teachers were studied while the technicians were purposively sampled. Seventy-five (75) copies of the questionnaire were administered on the respondents in Rivers State with the help of two (2) research assistants. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The development of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Training Module Questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity by three (3) experts from the Department of Technical Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rivers State. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined in clusters such as objective (.82), content (.96), teaching facilities (.98), teaching method (.76) and evaluation technique (.94) using Cronbach’s Alpha and an overall reliability coefficient of (.89) was established on the instrument. The data gathered for the study was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions. The study revealed that Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (RAC) teachers and registered Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (RAC) technicians agreed that the objectives, contents (smart/inverter compressor, refrigerant recovery/recycling, retrofitting and refrigerant handling), teaching facilities, teaching methods, teachers activities, students activities and evaluation techniques appropriate to be included in the Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (RAC) module for the training of craftsmen in technical colleges in Rivers State. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that the objectives among other as identified in the developed module should be included in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (RAC) craft curriculum in technical colleges in Rivers State.

This paper examines the impact of foreign and domestic investment on the output of the manufacturing sector from 1980-2020. To achieve the objectives of the study, an econometric model of Vector Error correction Model (VECM) was specified and estimated. This was to determine the short and long run causality among the variables captured in the model. Stationarity check was conducted using the correlogram approach and all the variables were stationary at first difference. Appropriate lags for the model were selected based on the result of the Akaike and Hannan Quine information criteria. The Johansen cointegration was carried out to determine the long run relationship among the variables. In addition, the normalized Johansen equation was to establish the long run impact of the independent variables (foreign investment, domestic investment and exchange rate) on the dependent variable (manufacturing sector output). Findings revealed that, external investment inflow and domestic investment have long run positive impact on the manufacturing sector. Conversely, the real exchange rate shows a negative long run impact on the manufacturing sector but statistically significant. Also VECM test for causality revealed the existence of both short and long run causality among the variables. Based on the strength of findings, the study recommends that deliberate investment promoting policies capable of stimulating foreign and domestic investment should be sustained. For it will enhance growth in the manufacturing sector and by extension the economy.

Introduction

The T-bar wrench is a widely used tool in diverse mechanical applications, from simple household tasks to complex industrial maintenance. Despite its prevalence, the T-bar wrench has inherent limitations, particularly concerning ergonomics and force application. This paper presents the “Max Wheel,” a new ergonomic alternative designed to address these limitations and serve as a more versatile solution for handling threaded fasteners and similar applications.

The primary objective is to introduce a more ergonomic and efficient method for manipulating threaded mechanisms by employing a wheel, which offers superior control and minimizes the potential for damage during torque application.

Solar energy is a renewable and efficacious source of energy which is most fundamentally used in recent and evolving technologies. Solar Cooling is one such technology which uses the energy produced from the solar photo-voltaic cell to generate cooling which further can be utilized for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Developments in the field of solar-powered cooling systems have increased the scope of future research and global usage. This paper provides a review and analysis of different solar cooling technologies that can be implemented to generate a cooling effect in various applications. In this paper, Solar Thermal and Electrical technologies are discussed with different attributes which can be utilised for comparison, reflecting the advantages and correct usage for each technology.

Let G = G(V, E) be a graph with | V | vertices and | E | edges and total graph, T (G) is obtained from G. In This paper we have study the Harmonic index of total graph for standards graphs, bipartite graph of particular type, regular graph, Grid graph Gm,n and Complete Binary tree.

The 3D printer is a precision machining equipment. The force of the structure of the body, the change of temperature, the change of the flow velocity of the material and so on will have a great influence on the machining precision. In view of the influence of load, temperature difference and velocity, the deformation of the 3D printer's body will be caused, and the phenomenon of machining error will be analyzed in detail. In the process of design, the CAD and finite element model of the 3D printer extrusion mechanism, the worktable are established. The maximum point of the body deformation is found through the force deformation, the fluid analysis and the temperature change analysis of the model, and the visualization of the coupling field and the internal fluid in the temperature field of the extruder structure is converted to the visualization, which facilitates the adjustment and optimization of the design model. On the basis of the analysis of the data obtained from the operation analysis, the design of the whole machine body is perfected and optimized, which provides a scientific and effective method and necessary theoretical basis for the optimization design of the 3D printer.

The use of DLOs for students' achievement in Computer Appreciation Studies (CAS) was investigated. Quasi experimental design using non-equivalent groups (intact classes) was adopted. Five weeks of experiment guided by two research questions and null hypotheses were observed. Sixty-six students from two technical colleges participated. Data was collected using Computer Appreciation Achievement Test (CAAT) with a reliability index of 0.971. Data was analyzed using Mean and standard deviation, while the null hypotheses was tested using ANCOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed significant increase in the scores of students taught CAS using DLOs irrespective of gender.

The precision in the measurement of three-dimensional force/moment is very necessary for the manufacturing process, for satellite, and in military equipment. The purpose of this research is to design a multi-dimensional multi-point force/moment (F/M) measurement MP-M dynamometer model based on three-axis piezoelectric sensors installation. The FEM simulation is performed using ANSYS software and mathematical analyses are carried out using derived equations. The measured FEA results are consistent with the applied standard force/moments. The error difference of FEM analysis is under 1%. The FEM simulations results are approximately 99-100% of the exerted axial force, vertical force and pitch moment respectively. The designed MP-M dynamometer model is capable to measure spatial force/moment accurately and simulation experiments are discussed

Plastic products formation process duration is the important parameter of technological injection molding. For information combination on several parameters of plastic products formation the Venn diagram has been used. The diagram contains the whole set of possible parameters (sample space). Having chosen rational parameters for optimum duration achievement of formation process, it is offered to formalize them by means of information model. On the basis of the Venn diagram, an information model is proposed for the duration of the plastic products molding process by injection molding. The information model can be the basis for a mathematical model that will enable the development of a module for molding process automated control. The information model of the molding process duration reflects the parameters of the process and the service features of the injection mold.

Автори, маючи кожен свій досвід наукової та практичної діяльності і накопичені знання з технології машинобудування, поставили собі за мету узагальнення та оцінку нових можливостей та альтернатив існуючим підходам до проектування технологічних процесів виготовлення або відновлення деталей в умовах реверсивного інжинірингу. Розглянуто сучасні технічні засоби, які є необхідними для виконання етапів реверсивного інжинірингу та забезпечують якість виготовлення і знижають трудомісткість технологічного проектування. Ключові слова: реверсивний інжиніринг, технологічний процес, проектування, технічні засоби контрольних операцій. PERMYAKOV O.A., YAKOVENKO I.E., KALINICHENKO V.A., SKIBA O.S., JOZKOWICZ P. REVERSE ENGINEERING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN METHODS AND MEANS OF CONTROL OPERATIONS. The authors, each with their own scientific and practical experience and accumulated knowledge of mechanical engineering technology, set themselves the goal of summarizing and evaluating new opportunities and alternatives to existing approaches to the design of technological processes of manufacturing or restoring parts in the conditions of reverse engineering. Modern technical means are considered, which are necessary for performing the stages of reverse engineering and ensure the quality of production and reduce the complexity of technological design Keywords: reverse engineering, technological process, design, means of control operations.

This study focus to reveal the capabilities the students of Madrasah and Sekolah Islam in understanding mathematics subjects throughout the Pekanbaru area using spatial analysis. The national examination mathematic will be mapped to all regions in Pekanbaru. The same mapping for public schools will also be produced, so that a comparison of the national examination mathematict (NEM) for the three types of schools can reveal more clearly the ability of Islamic school students to understand mathematics. Study results also indicated that students of Madrasah has the highest a NEM on the small ares in north and isolated areas on the south Pekanbaru region. While students of Sekolah Islam have the higest NEM on few ares in west Pekanbaru region. However students of the Public schools have the best abilty in understanding mathematics subjects, especially in a few area on the south Pekanbaru region.

Plastic products formation process duration is the important parameter of technological injection molding. For information combination on several parameters of plastic products formation the Venn diagram has been used. The diagram contains the whole set of possible parameters (sample space). Having chosen rational parameters for optimum duration achievement of formation process, it is offered to formalize them by means of information model. On the basis of the Venn diagram, an information model is proposed for the duration of the plastic products molding process by injection molding. The information model can be the basis for a mathematical model that will enable the development of a module for molding process automated control. The information model of the molding process duration reflects the parameters of the process and the service features of the injection mold.

The paper analyzes the effects of WEDM parameters on response characteristics including cutting speed, surface roughness, spark gap and wire breakage in wire electric discharge machining of Al/SiCp- MMC. This study also examines and identifies the various faults occurred on the machined surface and analyses their causes. The machined workpiece surface and wire electrode surface morphology have been investigated during machining. Wire deflection, burning spots, band marks,craters formed etc. during machining are the important faults which deteriorates the machined surface textures. The presence of percentage of hard reinforced SiC particulates in MMCs and machining parameter pulse on time have great effects on response characteristics. The wire breakage could be reduced by appropriate setting of parameters pulse off time andspark gap set voltage. This research outcome suggested the range of parameters for stable machining of Al/SiCp-MMC with minimum chances of wire breakage and wire ...

In recent machining operation, tool life is one of the most demanding tasks in production process, especially in the automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to study tool wear on HSS in end milling of aluminium 6061 alloy. The experiments were carried out to investigate tool wear with the machined parameters and to developed mathematical model using response surface methodology. The various machining parameters selected for the experiment are spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), axial depth of cut (a) and radial depth of cut (r). The experiment was designed using central composite design (CCD) in which 31 samples were run on SIEG 3/10/0010 CNC end milling machine. After each experiment the cutting tool was measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained optimum machining parameter combination are spindle speed of 2500 rpm, feed rate of 200 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 20 mm, and radial depth of cut 1.0mm was found out to achieved the minimum tool wear as 0.213 mm...

This research paper deals with the investigation of causes of failure of the first stage gas turbine blade of 30MW gas turbine having tip cracks at the trailing as well as leading edge. This blade is made of nickel based super alloy IN738LC, having directional solidified grain structure and contains aluminide coating (Pt-Al2) by diffusion process. The main focus of the paper is evaluation of tip crack at the trailing edge and further degradation of blade coating. The investigations included the visual observations, material composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and fatigue mode evaluation through ANSYS, Finite Element Software. During examination of the failed blade, it is found that the blade surface is completely degraded due to overheating. Corrosion pits are formed on the blade surface, these pits act as a notch to produce stress concentrations and cracks is initiated due to fatigue which further propagate due to hot corrosion. It is also reported that the Al-Pt coating is completely degraded, heavily oxidized. From these investigations, it is concluded that the failure of gas turbine blade takes place due to the combined effect of surface degradation caused by overheating, oxidation, hot corrosion and degradation of coating heavily oxidized.

Abundantly available aluminium is being used in various applications such as air craft, automotive industry etc. due to its high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. To achieve desired results, knowledge of the manufacturing process employed and behavior of metal under various working conditions are utmost important. Several engineering applications such as fly motors, airframes, space transports, hypersonic rockets and remote ocean submersibles, and so forth demands materials with tailored set of properties that can't be obtained by employing the ordinary solid materials. There is a need for lightweight materials which exhibit high strength, stiffness and high wear resistance which are primarily required in structural, aerospace and automotive industries. In present work a sincere attempt has been made to study some of the important properties of heat treatable AA7075 aluminium alloy subjected to an heat treatment procedure known as Retrogression and Re-ageing (RRA) to achieve property enhancement. For obtaining better combination of properties some of the parameters such as ageing time, solutionization temperature, ageing temperature, retrogression temperature and retrogression time are chosen meticulously. Machining studies were conducted on as-cast and RRA treated samples. The influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness is studied. The optimum cutting parameters are evaluated through Taguchi DoE.

This study is to develop a 3D printing method for producing lithophane. Images created by Lithophane are three-dimensional and change depending on the light source behind them. By heating the lithophane to the melting point and depositing layer by layer, a 3D-printed lithophane model was created. For the 3D-printed lithophane model, the ideal thickness is 3 mm, white is the appropriate colour, and the light intensity and distance is 50 mm, according to this research. This study is significant because it contributes to the advancement of 3D printing technology's ability to produce high-quality lithophane and opens up new knowledge perspectives.

This paper analyzes the composition and characteristics of the sequential telescopic hydraulic control system of hcz910 folding boom crane, establishes the AMEsim simulation model of the whole hydraulic system, and simulates and analyzes the boom extending sequence of the folding boom crane under different loads under the rated flow rate. Through the simulation results, the extending stability of the sequential telescopic hydraulic system controlled by one-way sequence valve is studied.

The principles of strength of materials are applied to mechanical design. Topics include theory of failure, stress concentration factors and fatigue, the design and analysis of shafts subjected to static and dynamic loadings, and critical speed of a rotating shaft.

The paper reports the main objectives of the European research project Marathon2Operation (M2O). This project aims to define the best train configurations with distributed traction and communication via GSM-R radio technology, compared to longitudinal dynamics and to demonstrate their safety through a safety analysis independently assessed. The analysis involves trains with two up to four traction units. The trains analyzed are randomly composed, considering different types of wagons and different mass distributions along the train, to be representative of the operational reality. The first results of the project allow identifying some families of distributed traction trains (these are coupled trains) that have a behavior of longitudinal dynamics (also considering the degraded operation, i.e. with radio problems) similar to that of some trains currently running.

In machining operations, surface morphology is a significant parameter in developing mechanical components, as the level of the surface roughness gives the consumer the notion of whether the product is well developed or not. Also, the surface roughness of the mechanical component will affect the component during machining operations. The application of coatings in cutting tools is very significant, as coatings will help in improving the cutting tool life as well as protect it from rapid wear and corrosion rate. This research work focuses on the investigation of the significance of TiN-Zn coatings on high-speed steel (HSS) when compared with non-coated HSS cutting tool on the surface morphology, machining parameters and machining time on 1060 aluminum alloy during the machining operation. Computer numerical control (CNC) program and excel software was employed to investigate the effects the Coated cutting tool, various depth of cut and such as 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mm and at a constant cutting speed of 1250 rpm, constant feed rate of 10 mm/rev, with machining time varies from 15 to 500 s on the machined surface morphology of the 1060 aluminum alloy. After each machining time, the average surface roughness was determined, from three-point of the work piece, that is the starting point, middle point, and the end point. The result shows that the TiN-Zn coated HSS cutting tool on the surface morphology of 1060 aluminum alloy was found to reduce surface roughness with about 15.5% and both minimum surface roughness of 0.96 and 1.06 µm was achieved for the TiN-Zn coated and uncoated HSS cutting tool, respectively, with cutting time of 15 s at 1 mm depth of cut, which is viable for machining operations.

With the increase in demand for power supply and more efficient turbojet engines, gas turbine designing is being pushed to its extremities. Turbomachines are becoming larger as compared to the machines of past decades. Due to increase in size, the cause and chances of failure have also increased. Gas turbine blade is the component which is exposed to extreme operating condition, thus experience different failure modes. Constant mechanical and thermal stresses act on different sections of blade. Newer super-alloys with enhanced metallurgical properties are being developed and tested to counter the stresses acting on the blades. Advance additive manufacturing techniques are used to produce next generation super-alloys. Failure due to mechanical and metallurgical anomalies are indirectly related to the high operational temperature and can be corrected up to a certain limit. Thus thermal protection is required for blades. Advance cooling techniques and coatings are being used for this p...

The modal test and dynamic characteristic analysis of high accuracy roll grinder were carried out. By establishing the finite element model, dynamic characteristics of joints on sliding guides, ball screws, bearings and anchor bolts were studied. The spring-damper element, which simplified simulation of joint characteristics, was added to the model in ANSYS software. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the vibration of head frame, grinding carriage and center rack influences machining accuracy most; influences of the workpiece must be considered when analyzing dynamic characteristic; the weighted spring-damper element method is useful to build joint model; the proposed process is feasible for evaluating the roll grinder's dynamic characteristic.

Flow resistivity is one of the most important parameters used to describe the acoustic behavior of fibrous materials, as porosity is highly used in industrial context, this paper summarizes the simulation of finding the flow resistivity using computational fluid dynamics and minimizing the error between calculated and measured resistivity.The estimation is made by taking Polyurethane Foam as sample fibrous material and varying porosity from 0.70 up to 0.98. The CFD tool analyzes and computes different pressure value respectively. Flow resistivity is further verified using experimental execution in which flow resistivity is measured from pressure measurement on a sample of porous material

Generators are the main components of the power generation system. The generators function to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by using rotation and translation motion mechanisms. Generator with rotation motion mechanism can be seen on the turbine. While the translation motion generator can be seen in the Pelamis, pneumatic, and other systems. Rotation and translation motion generators consist of rotor components, stators, rotor/stator mounts and more. Performance generator depends on generator drive system, magnet material, magnetic distance, number of coil, dimensional coil and others. In this paper focus on the translation and rotation motion generator mechanism with the drive source in the form of horizontal thrust power (substitute the motion down and up the sea waves). Where the generator output has an unstable voltage so that it cannot be used to charge the battery. To overcome this problem Buck-Boost Converter are used to control output of generator stable.

Image registration covers the set of techniques used in matching images of the same scene. A subset of the image registration problem, identifying the parameters in a similarity transformation, has emerged as useful in a recently defined area of machine design: designing mechanisms for rigidbody shape-change. First, this brief paper shows a potential use for image registration techniques outside the field of machine vision. Second, it presents a closed-form solution for the similarity transformation parameters when the point sets to be matched are restricted to two-dimensional space as is needed in the aforementioned design problem.

The precision in the measurement of three-dimensional force/moment is very necessary for the manufacturing process, for satellite, and in military equipment. The purpose of this research is to design a multi-dimensional multi-point force/moment (F/M) measurement MP-M dynamometer model based on three-axis piezoelectric sensors installation. The FEM simulation is performed using ANSYS software and mathematical analyses are carried out using derived equations. The measured FEA results are consistent with the applied standard force/moments. The error difference of FEM analysis is under 1%. The FEM simulations results are approximately 99-100% of the exerted axial force, vertical force and pitch moment respectively. The designed MP-M dynamometer model is capable to measure spatial force/moment accurately and simulation experiments are discussed

In the manufacturing industries, the main problem in process of operating CNC milling machine was chatter effect (self-excited vibration) which increases the quality of the surface roughness. In this study is to determine optimal value of parameters for chatter and surface roughness. The chatter measured using accelerometer MPU-6050 with Arduino by software LabVIEW-2019 based on peaks-FFT value and the surface roughness measured by SJ-301 tester. The research parameters like variable helix angle, spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut using stainless steel 304 by Taguchi method. The optimum parameters value obtained are variable helix 35/38 degrees, spindle speed 3000 RPM, feed rate 150 mm/min and depth of cut 0.4 mm. Based on ANOVA value, the variable helix angle and depth of cut are found to be significant for chatter and surface roughness. The depth of cut was high contribution by ANOVA chatter by 93.84% and surface roughness by 91.93%.

This paper reports on the effect of coolant temperature on machining of high carbon steels. The development of a cooling system to reduce the temperature of water soluble coolant to 7.9 o C from ambient temperature was employed in this work to improve the machining performance. The experiments were performed using cooled and ambient temperatures by employing Taguchi L 18 orthogonal array to design the experimental runs. The cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were the machining parameters used; while the tool-work piece interface temperature was monitored using a digital thermometer with k-type thermocouple wire. The selected control factors are material removal rate and surface roughness. The experimental results were analyzed using Minitab 16. The main effects and percentage contributions of various parameters affecting surface roughness and material removal rate were discussed, and the optimal cutting conditions were determined. It was observed that surface finish improved ...

Today, research on natural fibers as composite reinforcement aims to study the extraction process, physical properties, chemical properties and mechanical properties of natural fiber. Natural fiber attracts researchers because it has high specific strength, light density, low cost, good mechanical properties, nonabrasive, environmentally friendly and biodegradable in nature. A brief review has been carried out for using abundant natural fibers available in Indonesia. This paper present a

As a new type of launch device, electromagnetic rail launcher's tube structure is constitutionally different with the tube of traditional weapons systems. Electromagnetic rail launcher tube uses composite materials, and the bore structure shape varies. The key of studying electromagnetic rail launcher tube structure is that shell stiffness and strength meet the requirements of electromagnetic emission, and the characteristics of rail support material and the way of rail support are important guarantees of the body tube performance. In the case of 50 mm diameter electromagnetic launcher, this paper discusses the tube material properties, and presents a simulated analysis on stiffness and strength of launcher using ansys simulation method. The expansion amount of body tube is less than 0.1 mm, and using the methods of range, spacing between orbits changes within 0.1 mm; mechanics simulation result is correct. The launcher device of ceramic 95 and G10 satisfies the requirement of stiffness and strength of the electromagnetic launch using steel shell and T3 copper track.

In recent machining operation, tool life is one of the most demanding tasks in production process, especially in the automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to study tool wear on HSS in end milling of aluminium 6061 alloy. The experiments were carried out to investigate tool wear with the machined parameters and to developed mathematical model using response surface methodology. The various machining parameters selected for the experiment are spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), axial depth of cut (a) and radial depth of cut (r). The experiment was designed using central composite design (CCD) in which 31 samples were run on SIEG 3/10/0010 CNC end milling machine. After each experiment the cutting tool was measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained optimum machining parameter combination are spindle speed of 2500 rpm, feed rate of 200 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 20 mm, and radial depth of cut 1.0mm was found out to achieved the minimum tool wear as 0.213 mm...

Sawmills are workshops where woods are turned into finished products through the use of industrial machines and sophisticated implements. However, sawmills workers become exposed to awkward working postures and vibration from the machines they work with every day, leading to Raynaud's disease and muscle damage. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the sawmill-machine-generated vibrations on the musculoskeletal disorders of sawmill workers in the Southwestern part of Nigeria using hand-arm-vibration analysis. Sawmills that were fully functional in Osun, Oyo, Ondo, Ekiti, Lagos, and the Ogun States of the Southwestern part of Nigeria were used for this study. After reconnaissance visits, four sawmills operating at full capacities in two cities of each State (i.e. 2 sawmills per city) were eventually chosen and used for data collection, thereby making a total of 24 selected sawmills. Circular Machines (CMs), Planer Machines (PMs), and Band-saw Machines (BMs) which are the commonly used machines by sawmills were considered for analysis, Vibration Exposure Assessment of Sawmilling Operations using Hand-ARM-Vibration Exposure Analysis

Bio-composites with vegetal reinforcement have experienced great industrial development in various sectors of activity such as: automotive, electronics, medical, or construction. Compared with synthetic fibers, plant fibers have numerous environmental, technical, processing, economic and health advantages. With the objective of application in the dental field, we present in this paper the study of bacterial adhesion on a biomaterial composite with polypropylene reinforced vegetable fibers extracted from the Alfa plant (stepa tenassicma). For this study, two strains of bacteria from the oral bacterial flora were chosen, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans, and analyzed by spectrophotometric method. The results analysis shows clearly the formation of biofilm by bacterial adhesion is remarkable in the presence of the composite not reinforced by vegetable fibers in comparison with the biocomposite reinforced by Alfa fibers, and more remarkably formed by the strain Streptococcus mutans than with the strain Lactobacillus acidophilus.