MACHINE TOOL DESIGN

The main purpose of undertaken research was the analysis of risk management, especially, the adequate identification of risk factors and planning actions reducing their adverse effects. Ongoing monitoring of these risks is crucial to achieve the effects of investment project implementation. Design/methodology/approach: The authors present the research results concerning risk management in JZR (Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe) Development Programme. Risk is an immanent element in the activity of a production company. Therefore, it requires an adequate approach in order to achieve the maximization of economic effects. The JZR Development Programme is a good example of the complexity of processes that should be taken into account in risk management of an investment project. Findings: The specificity of machine building enterprises determines the scope and scale of the necessary activities for efficient and effective risk management. The main scientific problem focuses on the analysis and categorization of risk factors. As a result, the authors determine appropriate responses to identified risks in the JZR Development Programme. Originality/value: The development of risk response is crucial for the success of the analysed project. These actions allow to reduce the negative impact of risk factors on the project’s timeliness, project’s budget as well as economic and technical-technological effects. Another necessary process within risk management is constant monitoring of a project implementation in accordance with the adopted methodology, which enables current updating of emerging new threats to the project implementation and developing necessary actions to minimize the threats.

We are moving towards more comfortable and time saving method, for this reason many engineers are contributing their innovation for several things to make Simple, Easy Handling and Save Time Consumption for Production. This project work has a versatile range in wheel dresser, while angle dresser can be used for tool making , for production process like surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, creep-feed grinding process. Angle dresser is a device which is used for cleaning abrasive material surface makes them effectively ready to do grinding process again. Also the high technology of mechanism used in angle dresser construction ensure that they can process long lasting hours and trouble free usage. This angle dresser can be mounted on the table, or near the side of grinding wheel. the different models available are suitable for various machine like surface grinding , cylindrical grinding, creep-feed grinding machine, etc.,

A melon shelling machine was constructed using locally available materials, the main functional parts of the machine include hopper, frame, shelling and cleaning unit, chutes and prime mover. Parameters evaluated include shelling efficiency, percentage seed shelled and damaged. Two varieties of melon (Bara and Sewere) were used for the performance evaluation test at a constant shelling speed of 1500 rpm. The total cost of production of the machine s #120,000. Results obtained showed that "Bara" had the highest quantity of seeds shelled with the corresponding values (62.04, 112.07 and 191.21 g) while the broken weight was (0.66, 0.09 and 0.118 g) and weight of the unshelled (35.90, 76.93 and 107.7 g) compared to "Serewe" in which quantity shelled were (52.50, 100.05 and 154.71 g) while the broken weight was (0.95, 0.98 and 1.07) and weight of the unshelled (45.45, 97.25 and 142.05 g) respectively at 100, 200 and 300 g input/feed rate. The changes in the machine performance with variety may be attributed to the physical properties and moisture content of the seeds. Based on the cost and efficiency of the machine, it can be concluded that the melon shelling machine is good for both commercial and industrial purposes however, the machine can be modified to improve the timeliness of operation by incorporating heating device to save the time spent for sprinkling water and waiting for drying.

Potato is the world's fourth-largest food crop. The traditional method of harvesting with spades, digging hoes, digging forks has proven to be laborious, and time consuming with low output. Some mechanical equipment for the harvesting of potato are either not suitable to the soil condition or difficult to procure in Sub-Sahara Africa. This work focused on the development of an indigenous potato diggerto solve the aforementioned challenges. The design parameters determined are the diameter of the conveyor shaft, power requirement, conveyor capacity length of chain, diameter of driven sprocket, and output speed from gearbox. The semi-mounted potato digger was successfully designed and fabricated using the readily available materials. The implement has a 2.365kW power requirement while the calculated conveyor shaft diameter is 30.9 mm diameter. The digger was designed to work under common soil conditions in the tropics. At 10km/hr tractor speed, the digging and conveyor efficiencies obtained were 97.6% and 63.5% respectively while the theoretical and effective field capacities were 1.1ha/hr and 0.604ha/hr respectively.

Intensive utilization of computers is especially emphasized in the field of industrial production, where use of computer applications achieves significant savings in regard to the time required for manufacturing of products. Shortening of the production time decreases the production costs and new products are faster introduced to the market, thus making the company more competitive. In addition to the shorter time for production, better precision and accuracy is also accomplished, resulting with better product quality at the end. Due to the fact that, for the reason of cost-effectiveness of manufacturing of tools, processing of sheet metal on presses is primarily performed in the course of serial production, this paper focuses on an analysis of the use of computers in the process of design of tools for punching and cutting of sheet metal on presses. The presented methodology encompasses all phases in the process of design of tools – from planning the work piece until the final design of the tool for punching and cutting, with an emphasis on the activities performed exclusively by computer applications. The result of this research is a 3D geometrical model of a tool for punching and cutting, with an explanation of characteristics of its construction parts, calculation of its executive parts, analysis and simulation of operation of the tool, and finally the conclusion on the representation and importance of the utilization of computer applications in the process of design of such tools.

With the aim at performing the highest precision during woodworking, a mix of alternative approaches, fruitfully integrated in a common design strategy, is essential. This paper represents an overview of technical solutions, recently developed by authors, in design of machine tools and their final effects on manufacturing. The most advanced solutions in machine design are reported side by side with common practices or little everyday expedients. These design actions are directly or indirectly related to the rational use of materials, sometimes very uncommon, as in the case of magnetorheological fluids chosen to implement an active control in speed and force on the electro-spindle, and permitting to improve the quality of wood machining. Other actions are less unusual, as in the case of the adoption of innovative anti-vibration supports for basement. Tradition or innovation, all these technical solutions contribute to the final result: the highest precision in wood machining.

Numerical simulations of high-speed orthogonal machining were performed to study the finish hard-turning process as a function of cutting speed, feed, cutter geometry, and workpiece hardness. In the simulations, properties representative of AISI 52100 bearing steel, AISI H13 hot work tool steel, AISI D2 cold work steel, and AISI 4340 low alloy steel were assumed for the workpiece. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) or polycrystalline (PCBN) inserts are widely used as cutting tool material in such high-speed machining of hardened tool steels—due to high hardness, high abrasive wear resistance, and chemical stability at high temperature. Cutting forces and feed forces were determined in the numerical simulations. Among process parameters, cutter geometry and workpiece hardness, the feed has the most significant effect on cutting and feed forces. With same cutting conditions, turning AISI 4340 gets the highest cutting force while turning AISIS 52100 has the highest feed force and turning AISI D2 gets the lowest cutting force and feed force. The feed force appears to be a larger force component than the cutting force in the hard turning. Cutting force and feed force increase with increasing feed, tool edge radius, negative rake angle, and workpiece hardness. Results from simulations are compared to experimental results reported in the literature.

Sebelum melakukan proses pemesinan suatu hal yang penting dilakukan adalah menentukan parameter pemotongan tersebut. Parameter pemotongan antara lain kecepatan potong, kedalaman potong dan hantaran pemotongan. Ketiga parameter tersebut memberi kontribusi yang significan terhadap laju dan kwalitas produksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan potong pada proses pembubutan terhadap kekasaran permukaan dan topografi permukaan logam alluminium alloy. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin bubut CNC Mazak, dua jenis mata pahat digunakan dalam pemotongan tersebut yaitu mata pahat HSS dan Karbid. Kecepatan pemotongan yang digunakan bervariasi yaitu 160, 180, 200, 220, dan 240 m/min dengan kedalaman potong 0,5 mm dan hantaran pemotongan sebesar 0,3 dan 0,38 mm/put. Logam aluminum alloy yang dihasilkan dari proses bubut kemudian diukur kekasaran permukaannya dengan menggunakan alat ukur surface test Mituotoyo, pengamatan terhadap topografi permukaan benda kerja dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop digital Jenco. Dari hasil pengukuran dan pengamatan topografi permukaan benda kerja diperoleh bahwa benda kerja yang memiliki tingkat kekasaran permukaan (Ra) lebih tinggi menghasilkan topgrafi permukaan dengan jarak goresan yang lebih lebar berbanding nilai kekasaran permukaan yang lebih rendah. Penggunaan  mata pahat karbid menghasilkan nilai kekasaran yang rendah sebesar 5,51 µm pada pemotongan tanpa coolant dengan kecepatan potong 240 m/min dan hantaran 0.3 mm. Sedangkan penggunaan pahat HSS pada pemotongan menghasilkan nilai kekasaran permukaan yang lebih kecil yaitu sebesar 2,11  µm dengan menggunakan coolant. Kecepatan pemotongan memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kekasaran permukaan benda kerja. Peningkatan kecepatan pemotongan mempengaruhi terhadap penurunan nilai kekasaran permukaan logam.

Le macchine chiodatrici, per metallo o per legno, funzionano grazie a un meccanismo di tipo pneumatico che consente al pistone di muoversi lungo il proprio asse; al pistone è collegato il punzone tramite incastro. La chiodatura avviene in seguito al movimento del pistone che consente al punzone di colpire i chiodi che il caricatore sottopone all’azione dello
stesso in maniera sistematica. Un inconveniente che potrebbe verificarsi è la frattura del punzone, che come si può evincere dall’analisi descritta, è un’avaria causata sicuramente da una rottura a fatica, non dovuta però esclusivamente al carico pulsante, ma soprattutto a un
trattamento termico male eseguito.

The number of automobiles has seen an alarming rise in the recent years. The main reason for this rise is the advent of mass production technologies for automobiles , making cars relatively cheap and affordable to everyone. In the year 2014, the number of road vehicles produced annually increased to 87.23 million vehicles from around 40 million in 2000. Th is shows that production has increased to more than twice the volume in only 14 years. Hence the auto industry is always on -the-rise. During the assembly of automobiles, be it everyday passenger cars or large commercial vehicles, tyres have to be assembled o n the car chassis at some point of t ime in the assembly. An average tyre+rim set for a commercial car weights around 10-12kg, and for heavy commercial vehicles it can go up to 25-45kg per tyre. Also the number of cars produced every day is very large. Almost always when the tyre has to be assembled, the vehicle is jacked i.e. it is raised to a height. Hence the tyre has to b...

Laporan akhir ini berjudul rancang bangun shoes polishing with footwear cleaner untuk membantu proses pembersihan pada sepatu yang berbahan kulit. Ini merupakan suatu konsep untuk meningkatkan efesien waktu untuk penggunanya. Alat itu digunakan pada proses polishing pada sepatu, dimana alat tersebut bekerja menggunakan sumber daya dari motor listrik yang menggerakkan poros beserta busa polishing dan sikat untuk membersihkan telapak sepatu yang telah ditempatkan pada dudukan yang telah di tentukan.
Arus listrik mengalir menggerakkan motor listrik memutar pulley dan sabuk. Yang terhubung antara motor listrik menuju poros . Selanjutnya putaran ditransmisikan ke poros horizontal melalui sabuk dan pulley. Poros horizontal yang selanjutnya membuat busa polishing dan sikat pembersih telapak sepatu berputar sesuai dengan kecepatan yang telah direncanakan
Proses pembuatan mesin shoes polisher with footwear cleaner, mesin bor, las listrik dan dibantu juga dengan alat kerja lainnya. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan mesin tersebut selama ± 726 menit atau 7 hari dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp 2.026.052,4,-. Alat ini masih terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan, oleh karena itu diharapkan adanya inovasi untuk mengembangkan mesin ini menjadi lebih baik lagi.

Electrochemical drilling is normall) performed either b) the use of bare tools or coated type tools. Bare tools give a tapered hole ~hile coated tools have got their own inherent defects. With this in viev,, use of bits as ECM tools has been proposed.

With the aim at performing the highest precision during woodworking, a mix of alternative approaches, fruitfully integrated in a common design strategy, is essential. This paper represents an overview of technical solutions, recently developed by authors, in design of machine tools and their final effects on manufacturing. The most advanced solutions in machine design are reported side by side with common practices or little everyday expedients. These design actions are directly or indirectly related to the rational use of materials, sometimes very uncommon, as in the case of magnetorheological fluids chosen to implement an active control in speed and force on the electro-spindle, and permitting to improve the quality of wood machining. Other actions are less unusual, as in the case of the adoption of innovative anti-vibration supports for basement. Tradition or innovation, all these technical solutions contribute to the final result: the highest precision in wood machining.

Automotive sector essentially needs aluminium because of its better mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and having light weight compared to other metals. The present work is focussed to develop a hybrid metal matrix composite is to add the desired attributes, to study the change in behaviour of hybrid aluminium by varying percentage(10%) of Silicon carbide and Aluminium oxide composites and compare the test results with pure aluminium-7075. The Micro-Hardness test, wear test has performed on these samples by using pin on disc apparatus wear test will be carried on all the samples at various speeds of 200,400 & 600 rpm, varying load of 2kg, 4kg & 6kg. Which are produced by stir casting. The stir casting process has been used for the development of the composite system. The matrix material was melted in electric furnace and the pre-heat treated reinforcement at 810ºC in the desired volume fraction have been added followed by constant stirring the melt. The temperature of the melt held at 720ºC. The pouring temperature was recorded which has relation to quality of the casting. Therefore Reinforcement of aluminium oxide and silicon carbide to the hybrid aluminium increases its strength and properties compared to pure aluminium 7075 metal. The wear resistance increases with the increase in the reinforcement weight fraction. The addition of Silicon Carbide apart from improving the wear rate reduces the noise and vibration at higher speed and load condition. The overall tribological property improves due to addition of the two reinforcements.

Manufacturing techniques in engineering fields, especially in the aerospace applications and the defence field are advancing day by day. While considering the manufacturing of any components of aerospace industry it is very important to increase the production quality associated with its manufacturing. The manufacturing of Electro Hydraulic Servo Valve (EHSV) considered for this work is a two stage electrically operated hydraulic valve, in which the output flow is proportional to the input current. Here investigated on both theoretical and practical aspects of using different processes involved in the production of EHSV. The material used for EHSV is SS 440 C. This investigation gave me a complete idea about the problems related to different machining processes associated with the manufacturing of EHSV, especially the problems related to the wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). The problems associated with WEDM including its high surface roughness value and high cylinricity for manufacturing cylindrical bores can only be eliminated by replacing the existing WEDM process with suitable process which produce components with better quality. For this purpose TiN coated carbide reamer is the best option to overcome the above mentioned problems for the manufacturing of cylindrical bores. In this work the analysis of existing process, optimization of proposed process, statistical and experimental comparison between the existing and proposed processes including response comparison are included. This study investigates the effects of various parameters such as speed, feed and allowance on the surface finish and cylindricity of the EHSV valve body. Grey Relational Analysis is used to optimize the proposed reaming process. Confirmation tests were performed to validate the results. Digital surface profilometer images were taken in order to investigate the surface characteristics.
Keywords— ANOVA, Cylindrical bores, EHSV, Grey relational analysis, Mean MRPI plot, Taguchi’s design of experiments, TiN coated carbide reame

International Journal of Computer Vision and machine learning (IJCVML) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the advanced vision computing. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in vision computing and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of vision computing.

AISTHESIS – VOL. XIII, ISSUE I, 2020

Craft

Advisory Editors: Andrea Mecacci (andrea.mecacci@unifi.it), Laura Gilli (laura.gilli@iulm.it)

Deadline for submission: December 15, 2019

Expected release: April 2020

This issue of Aisthesis investigates the conceptual area of craft. Throughout the history of aesthetics, discourse on craft has always intertwined with that on the categorisation of the arts, as well as with the very notion of art itself.

Reflections will be prompted on the notion of craft by studying not only its aesthetic boundaries but also its pervasive capacity. Attention will be drawn to how to concepts, structures and languages of craft penetrate into different artistic and cultural fields.

Craft now transcends the field of applied arts, having developed into a conceptual area applied in different fields, as argued in Colin Campbell’s 2005 study on so-called “craft consumers” where Campbell emphasises the pursuit of craft in contemporary consumption as well as an aesthetic dimension of consumption.

The theoretical boundaries of craft remain blurred. It is necessary, then, to reflect on the very roots of, and the successive developments in, the conceptual area of craft. It is also necessary to investigate the acknowledged characteristics of craft itself. How do they manifest themselves in different artistic and cultural spheres? How has craft permeated culture, originating fruitful artistic combinations? Possible fields of research include: the theoretical notion of craft; its reflections in the arts; the adoption in non-craft fields of craft theories and practices; authors, currents, literary works etc. dealing with craft and craftspeople.

Machining of space age materials like Ti-6Al-4V is associated with thermally activated wear mechanisms which lead to rapid tool failure and considerable machine downtime. The high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V can reduce tool-life to less than a minute at high cutting speeds, further adding to the per-unit cost. A new concept, Micro Quantity Internal Cooling (MQuIC) is proposed in this research to extend the tool-life and/or enable higher cutting speeds, while machining materials such as Ti-6Al-4V. The concept involves introducing flow (water) in a micro-duct placed inside the tool and close to the cutting edge, thus bringing the cooling source close to the heat source (chip-contact area). Two different techniques are utilized in developing and applying the proposed concept. The first uses finite element analyses (structural and thermal) to evaluate the impact on the structural strength of the tool due to the micro-duct and to examine the effect of flow on tool temperatures. These analyses lead to an experimental setup-specific analyses, in order to converge on the final operating parameters. Physical testing employing coolant consumption of less than 5% of the current industry standard has proven the viability of the concept by demonstrating a 100-200% increase in the tool-life. The testing also proves the application of the MQuIC concept to enable higher cutting speeds than the current industry standard for machining Ti-6Al-4V. Further, a lab based technique with a focus on commercial realization has been developed to fabricate tools based on this concept. The developed tools have been successfully tested to validate their performance. A few other concepts for further reducing tool temperatures and extend the benefits of MQuIC are also presented in this dissertation. Conclusions drawn from this research are used to recommend possible future work to further enhance the MQuIC performance during real time machining of difficult to machine materials.