Location-Based Services

This study examines the effectiveness of location-based services (LBS) in retail marketing, focusing on how these tools enhance customer engagement and targeting precision. LBS leverage mobile devices, positioning systems, and communication networks to deliver location-specific information to users, significantly impacting mobile commerce. The research highlights how LBS facilitate personalized promotions and offers, thereby improving consumer experiences and driving sales. It also explores various system components essential for LBS functionality and evaluates their effectiveness in real-world retail scenarios. The findings suggest that LBS can significantly boost marketing strategies by providing tailored content and timely information.

The wide-ranging application of location-based services (LBSs) through the use of mobile devices and wireless networks has brought about many critical privacy challenges. To preserve the location privacy of users, most existing location privacy-preserving mechanisms (LPPMs) modify their real locations associated with different pseudonyms, which come at a cost either in terms of resource consumption or quality of service, or both. However, we observed that the effect of resource consumption has not been discussed in existing studies. In this paper, we present the user-centric LPPMs against location inference attacks under the consideration of both service quality and energy constraints. Moreover, we modeled the precision-based and dummy-based mechanisms in the context of an existing LPPM framework, and also extended the linear program solutions applicable to them. This study allowed us to specify the LPPMs that decreased the precision of exposed locations or generated dummy locations...

In recent years smart phone are become most important gadget for maintaining the daily activities and it also used by maximum population worldwide. Use of smart mapping technology is also increasing in large area like transportations, defense, sports, etc. Mapping applications are always depend upon current detection or preferred location of user or the group. Many application trying to get the user location to serve better service to location based services to user. Sharing location among the group is better solution to know the individuals location. Finding or locating the location at known area or the known cities are usable and also feasible but at unknown location using these services may be risky or not feasible. Considering the above condition, if any group wants to arrange a meeting at location which suits all the members hence it will always better to find centroid of the polygon generated by user geolocations. It also has issue with finding better options of meeting while ...

The present solutions for the navigational purposes that are available in the market are not tailored specifically for the needs of bikers/cyclists. Hence, in this system we design a system based in a shoe that guides the motorcyclist along the route from source to destination. Since the system is implemented in shoes we use a battery for power supply. Bluetooth is used to get the location coordinates from a mobile phone that uses GPS for location services. An android app for searching the source to destination route. The control unit vibrates according to the route to inform the motorcyclist to take a left/right turn after a certain distance or to keep on heading straight or to take a U-Turn.

The development of the era and the technology is now quite a lot of us feel the benefits in many ways, more and more companies that created everything that always related to technology, and after the authors observe the company is taking a crack of the individual nature of today who like to be something that is simple, practical, and easy to use. Lots of companies are trying to exploit the situation, but here I will see in terms of transportation, we can see that there are some companies that take a crack at creating a variety of applications that lead to transport, to make it easier for people who want to travel without having to wait a long time , can be timely, can come directly to localized, such as an application example Gojek, Uber, and Grabtaxi

Android Smartphones are widely used nowadays. They have a lot of capabilities that made our life easier and more comfort. They opened the area of Android programming used to develop applications suitable for these smartphones. Our target, in this paper, is to propose an application that helps in collision avoidance between moving vehicles (especially trains) by tracking their routes. This application is a modified version of Route Tracker Application [Harvey and Deitel (Android for programmers an app-driven approach, 2011)], we use the Route Tracker Application on each smartphone that installed in the moving vehicle, to track its route. Then we save all trains points in a database, construct a map shows these points. In this map, a different color is assigned to each vehicle to distinguish it. This map is shown on a smartphone found in a control room. Using points in this map, the distance between vehicles is calculated (distance between points of vehicles). When two vehicles, for example, become too closer to each other, the inspector, in the control (monitoring) room, must take an action, he generates an alarm to warn the drivers of both vehicles so they can adjust their speed to avoid collision.

The present solutions for the navigational purposes that are available in the market are not tailored specifically for the needs of bikers/cyclists. Hence, in this system we design a system based in a shoe that guides the motorcyclist along the route from source to destination. Since the system is implemented in shoes we use a battery for power supply. Bluetooth is used to get the location coordinates from a mobile phone that uses GPS for location services. An android app for searching the source to destination route. The control unit vibrates according to the route to inform the motorcyclist to take a left/right turn after a certain distance or to keep on heading straight or to take a U-Turn.

Moving Object Databases will have significant role in Geospatial Information Systems as they allow users to model continuous movements of entities in the databases and perform spatio-temporal analysis. For representing and querying moving objects, an algebra with a comprehensive framework of User Defined Types together with a set of functions on those types is needed. Moreover, concerning real world applications, moving objects move along constrained environments like transportation networks so that an extra algebra for modeling networks is demanded, too. These algebras can be inserted in any data model if their designs are based on available standards such as Open Geospatial Consortium that provides a common model for existing DBMS's. In this paper, we focus on extending a spatial data model for constrained moving objects. Static and moving geometries in our model are based on Open Geospatial Consortium standards. We also extend Structured Query Language for retrieving, querying, and manipulating spatio-temporal data related to moving objects as a simple and expressive query language. Finally as a proof-of-concept, we implement a generator to generate data for moving objects constrained by a transportation network. Such a generator primarily aims at traffic planning applications.

The development of the era and the technology is now quite a lot of us feel the benefits in many ways, more and more companies that created everything that always related to technology, and after the authors observe the company is taking a crack of the individual nature of today who like to be something that is simple, practical, and easy to use. Lots of companies are trying to exploit the situation, but here I will see in terms of transportation, we can see that there are some companies that take a crack at creating a variety of applications that lead to transport, to make it easier for people who want to travel without having to wait a long time , can be timely, can come directly to localized, such as an application example Gojek, Uber, and Grabtaxi

News reports of the last few years indicated that several intelligence agencies are able to monitor large networks or entire portions of the Internet backbone. Such a powerful adversary has only recently been considered by the academic literature. In this paper, we propose a new adversary model for Location Based Services (LBSs). The model takes into account an unauthorized third party, different from the LBS provider itself, that wants to infer the location and monitor the movements of a LBS user. We show that such an adversary can extrapolate the position of a target user by just analyzing the size and the timing of the encrypted traffic exchanged between that user and the LBS provider. We performed a thorough analysis of a widely deployed location based app that comes pre-installed with many Android devices: GoogleNow. The results are encouraging and highlight the importance of devising more effective countermeasures against powerful adversaries to preserve the privacy of LBS users.

Studies suggest that a large percentage of traffic congestion occurs during peak hours [1]. Many loca-tion based services and systems today exist that assist traffic routing to maximise on travel time and reduce trip lengths (eg Garmin, TomTom). The ob-jective of this study looks at ...

This paper describes our mobile spatial interaction (MSI) prototype Touch2Query which presents the idea of using the touch screen on mobile devices to assist in performing ad-hoc spatial queries. This approach differs from conventional mobile LBS applications where the query shape (search space) is limited to either a bounding box or radius. Instead, we provide functionality that allows users to interactively draw any desired query shape overlaid on an area of interest directly on a mobile device with their finger by combining vector primitives such as circles, polygons, polylines, and points. With the help of location and orientation aware mobile devices, mobile maps, and real-time distance and area measurements, Touch2Query gives the users freedom to perform customised spatial queries on objects/areas of interest while realising a better contextual understanding of their spatial environment at the same time.

In today's busy world people have to remember many things at the same time. It's not possible for human beings to remember all the things all the time. It's when the alarm system comes into picture. Alarm system can be found in all types of phone, from very basic to advanced smart phones. it is one of the most used applications in the phone .Almost every smart phone has in built alarm application in it. This application uses in built clock system of the phone. User can use this application to get alarms of event. in this paper we are implementing a system which gives reminder which is time based as well as location based. Location based reminders are highly beneficial as it triggers only when the user is present at that location. This system combines the features of time and location based reminders.

This paper describes an agent-based approach for making context and intention-aware recommendations of Points of Interest (POI). A two-parted agent architecture was used, with an agent responsible for gathering POIs from a location-based mobile application, and a set of Personal Assistant Agents (PAA), collecting information about the context and intentions of its respective user. Each PAA includes a probabilistic classier for making recommendations given its information about the user’s context and intentions. Supervised, incremental learning occurs when the feedback of the true relevance of each recommendation is given by the user to his PAA. To evaluate the system’s recommendations, we performed an experiment based on the prole used in the training process, using dierent locations, contexts and goals.

The wide-ranging application of location-based services (LBSs) through the use of mobile devices and wireless networks has brought about many critical privacy challenges. To preserve the location privacy of users, most existing location privacy-preserving mechanisms (LPPMs) modify their real locations associated with different pseudonyms, which come at a cost either in terms of resource consumption or quality of service, or both. However, we observed that the effect of resource consumption has not been discussed in existing studies. In this paper, we present the user-centric LPPMs against location inference attacks under the consideration of both service quality and energy constraints. Moreover, we modeled the precision-based and dummy-based mechanisms in the context of an existing LPPM framework, and also extended the linear program solutions applicable to them. This study allowed us to specify the LPPMs that decreased the precision of exposed locations or generated dummy locations...

Kevin Lynch�s concept of the image of the city has influenced many academics and practitioners around the world. However, misconceptions have arisen in applying Lynch�s concept through a superficial understanding of his five elements. The main purpose of this article is to extend meaning making behind the urban elements identification, on which Lynch had put less emphasizes. The research, on which this article is based, has been conducted in Surabaya- Indonesia with young people from a mid to high economic family background that a have high dependency on private cars. In imagining the city, they emphasize more on meaning rather than physical appearances of the elements. Meaning is driven by their daily route, social life style, and ethnic background. Lynch identified three dimensions in imagining cities, namely identity, structure and meaning, which are embedded in the urban elements. In this case study, meaning is regarded as being more important than the other two and as it repres...

Kevin Lynch�s concept of the image of the city has influenced many academics and practitioners around the world. However, misconceptions have arisen in applying Lynch�s concept through a superficial understanding of his five elements. The main purpose of this article is to extend meaning making behind the urban elements identification, on which Lynch had put less emphasizes. The research, on which this article is based, has been conducted in Surabaya- Indonesia with young people from a mid to high economic family background that a have high dependency on private cars. In imagining the city, they emphasize more on meaning rather than physical appearances of the elements. Meaning is driven by their daily route, social life style, and ethnic background. Lynch identified three dimensions in imagining cities, namely identity, structure and meaning, which are embedded in the urban elements. In this case study, meaning is regarded as being more important than the other two and as it repres...

Buses are indispensable means of transport in every metropolitan city. In fact, they are the inexorable resources of every condensed populated city. Knowing its importance, it is the need of the hour to have a mechanism that can keep a track of the buses running in the city for the convenience of the people. This paper proposes an advanced algorithm which has a better efficiency than the previously published algorithm [2]. The notion of this algorithm was devised from the fundamental theory of chemistry and its roots are derived from Neil Bohr Atomic Model. This algorithm not only gives better results but also yields results expeditiously. It uses the foundation of the Area Trace algorithm and revamps it to further enhance the potential of the algorithm. The model addresses two parts viz a GPS-GSM Module and a Traffic Management System Module. The former model deals with the analysis and estimation of the exact timely locating of the bus and the latter one is accountable for calcula...

Internet of Things (IoT) has become popular with the rapid development of sensing devices, and it offers a large number of services. Location data is one of the most important information required for IoT systems. With the widespread of Location Based Services (LBS) applications, the privacy and security threats are also emerging. Recently, a large number of studies focused on localization and positioning functionalities, however, the risk associated with user privacy has not been sufficiently addressed so far. Therefore, privacy and security of device location in IoT systems is an active area of research. Since LBS is often exposed to attacks, it has privacy concerns, such as the privacy of a user's current location, which could include personal details. If the user's current position is compromised as a result of unauthorized access, it may have serious consequences. As a result, maintaining user privacy while achieving precise location remains a challenge in IoT. In this paper, we survey different challenges related to the privacy and security of user's location in IoT systems. First, we provide in depth analysis of several studies related to this issue. Secondly, we propose potential solutions to address the problem at hand. Finally, we discuss some limitations that still require attention through related case studies.

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In the next 20 years, due to the ageing of the population, the world will change fundamentally. In 2001 the OECD identified important issues regarding safe mobility of the elderly. The demographic changes influence mobility needs, travel behaviour and traffic safety. Governmental management practises, land use and transport and traffic facilities will have to meet quite different requirements. It will be sensible to work in that direction. Because of the extent of the changes it is urgent that action be taken now. Discussion: • Should we worry or will time heal the problems? • Which demands should be made regarding the organisation of the transport and traffic system, infrastructure qualities, traffic facilities etc.? • What should (central) government do? Are active measures needed i.e. active promotion of relocation of the elderly, the introduction of compulary social service, a halt to growing of scale of services, harsh demands regarding transport and traffic system qualities? Poster session 2

Summary In the next 20 years, due to the ageing of the population, the world will change fundamentally. In 2001 the OECD identified important issues regarding safe mobility of the elderly. The demographic changes influence mobility needs, travel behaviour and traffic safety. Governmental management practises, land use and transport and traffic facilities will have to meet quite different requirements. It will be sensible to work in that direction. Because of the extent of the changes it is urgent that action be taken now.

Moving Object Databases will have significant role in Geospatial Information Systems as they allow users to model continuous movements of entities in the databases and perform spatio-temporal analysis. For representing and querying moving objects, an algebra with a comprehensive framework of User Defined Types together with a set of functions on those types is needed. Moreover, concerning real world applications, moving objects move along constrained environments like transportation networks so that an extra algebra for modeling networks is demanded, too. These algebras can be inserted in any data model if their designs are based on available standards such as Open Geospatial Consortium that provides a common model for existing DBMS's. In this paper, we focus on extending a spatial data model for constrained moving objects. Static and moving geometries in our model are based on Open Geospatial Consortium standards. We also extend Structured Query Language for retrieving, querying, and manipulating spatio-temporal data related to moving objects as a simple and expressive query language. Finally as a proof-of-concept, we implement a generator to generate data for moving objects constrained by a transportation network. Such a generator primarily aims at traffic planning applications.

These days urbanization is happening around the globe in a rapid mode with civilization supported by very latest technology and the trends in technology despite of being adopted in various domains both in public and private sectors. On the other hand, the environmental pollution also at alarming level due to rapid growth of the world population and human activities which are highly supported by latest technology. In this way, every governments from various countries have been facing hardships to manage the wastes from both industry and residences. These days collection of wastes have become nightmare despite of human resource or physical resources. In this study the collection mechanism of kitchen wastes from urban or town council areas were focused. Combining GPS and shortest path to the moving garbage collecting trucks is novel. The advantage of this system is, a person need not to wait at the road side to drop his garbage bag to the truck since the end user can install the applic...

The Android application is widely used in all
sectors. In our application it helps to track the
location of the bus. By waiting near the bus stop
for a long time this application helps to reduce the
waiting time of the students using Google map. The
arrival time of a bus is calculated based upon the
pickup point and the starting time of a bus in the
shuttle routes. Providing the accurate bus timing
will be helpful for all the students, staff to catch the
bus at the right time. In a college bus driver is
assigned with a mobile phone where we can use to
track the current location of the bus. Notification
will be sending to the students and parents once
the bus is nearby pick up point and drop point by
using Geo-fencing. Quick Response code is used to
track the attendance of the student whether they
boarded the bus at the pickup point. Common
alert message will be sent to students, staffs and
faculty about the holidays or any crucial
information.

Different people and cultures associate different emotional states to different parts and spaces of cities. These vary according to individuals, their cultures and also to the time of day, day of week, season, special occasions and more. Recurring patterns may occur in correspondence of the places in which people work, study, entertain themselves, consume, relate, wait or just take a break. What can we learn from these patterns? Trying to find possible answers to this question passes through the possibility to visualize and represent the configurations of emotional expressions in urban spaces, across time, geography, theme, cultures and other dimensions. We have developed ways in which it is possible to harvest people's geo-located (or geo-locatable) emotional expressions from major social networks and to visualize them according to a variety of different modalities. In this paper we will present a series of these types of visualizations, and the ways in which they can be used to gain better understandings of these emotional patterns as they arise, from points of view which derive from anthropology, urbanism, sociology, politics and also arts and poetics. The paper will focus on the ways in which the data is harvested from different social networks, then categorized and annotated with meta-data describing the emotional states, the languages in which people express themselves, the geographic locations, the themes expressed. A methodology for representing this information across a variety of domains (time, space, emotion, theme) will then be presented in detail. A reflection on possible usage cases for anthropology, urbanism, policy-making, arts and design will end the contribution, as well as the description of series of open issues and the indication of possible nextsteps for research.

This paper proposes a smart application for College Bus Tracking System, which runs on Android smart phone. This enables students to find out the location of the bus so that they will not get late or will not arrive at the stop too early. The main purpose of this application is to provide exact location of the student’s respective buses and providing information like bus details etc. This application may be widely used by the college students since Android smart phones have become common and affordable for all. It is a real time system as the current location of the bus is updated every moment in the form of latitude and longitude, which is received by the students

The route framework is fundamental for each
individual, let it be making a trip starting with one spot
then onto the next, or to discover the separation between
different areas or to get data about a spot. In the present
life, Time and Money are significant, nobody needs to
burn through their time and cash, be it going on a long
course or short one.
Other than this, strange and sudden conditions on the
streets influence the smooth activity of the transport
framework and the development of vehicles. Likewise,
ordinary issues, for example, traffic blockage, sudden
postponements, arbitrariness in traveler request, sporadic
vehicle dispatching times occur, and because of which the
timetable of the travelers is influenced and they definitely
need to hang tight for the appearance of their separate
transport.
This traveler burden can be kept away from by
presenting a framework that gives ongoing data about the
area and the assessed time of appearance of the
transports and educates the police headquarters about the
obstacles.

When it comes to taking the public transportation, time and patience are of essence. In other words, many people using public transport buses have experienced time loss because of waiting at the bus stops. In this paper, we proposed smart bus tracking system that any passenger with a smart phone or mobile device with the QR (Quick Response) code reader can scan QR codes placed at bus stops to view estimated bus arrival times, buses' current locations, and bus routes on a map. Anyone can access these maps and have the option to sign up to receive free alerts about expected bus arrival times for the interested buses and related routes via SMS and e-mails. We used C4.5 (a statistical classifier) algorithm for the estimation of bus arrival times to minimize the passengers waiting time. GPS (Global Positioning System) and Google Maps are used for navigation and display services, respectively.

Smartphones have become an essential rather than an optional gadget. With Smartphones, we carry with us a hand held computer with details about our social life, family members, transaction details and much more. Smartphones serve as a communication tool used to send messages, place and receive calls, surf the internet and play wide range of games. In this paper, we present an application that helps us to track and pinpoint the current location of thousands of users by their names and photos and can track the location for a specified period of time. This system is designed by merging the concept of Google Map SDK that provides various network providers: GPS and Location Network Provider. The framework makes it possible to track the location for a specified period of time.

Smartphones have become an essential rather than an optional gadget. With Smartphones, we carry with us a hand held computer with details about our social life, family members, transaction details and much more. Smartphones serve as a communication tool used to send messages, place and receive calls, surf the internet and play wide range of games. In this paper, we present an application that helps us to track and pin-point the current location of thousands of users by their names and photos and can track the location for a specified period of time. This system is designed by merging the concept of Google Map SDK that provides various network providers: GPS and Location Network Provider. The framework makes it possible to track the location for a specified period of time.

More than half of us live in cities and with a sustainable development this application very useful for busy and complicated life. Technological progress need for economical and environment challenges. There for we can give as a real life solution for environment challenges. This application is mainly focused on passengers who are going on a bus to recognize the bus station. Normally passengers are increasingly using smartphones, tablets. Users can get close to the preselected bus stop and application will let users set a location-based alarm for their mobile. An application can be easily used with the support from GPS or offline map. Any person who selects the path can use this application and set the alarm for the desired bus stop. An alarm will be ringing before 15min. The core objectives for this project are the user should be able to find his own location on map or area, the project should make it more convenient for user to view the schedules of bus route, Identify and understand the factors that would enable a reduction time waste. It's Identified data storage options which are Shared Preferences, Internal Storage, Store Private Data on device memory, Store public data on the shared external storage, SQLite Databases. If the traveler falls asleep and use this application the alarm will awake the traveler. So this is an incredible android mobile application that will be a service to many people who are traveling.

GPS (Global Positioning System) based tracking system has many applications in today's world, including vehicle tracking, child tracking, any equipment tracking, etc. These services offer many advantages to the mobile users to retrieve the information about their current location and process that data to get more useful information. The development of a bus tracking system for android based smartphone with the aim of enabling educational institution students, faculties and staffs to locate their buses with ease and in a convenient manner. The system consists of two sides, server side and client side. The client side provides the facility to the user to track buses remotely through the mobile network or WIFI and the server side's main responsibility is to provide the exact location of the bus to the server. Any type of user can see the live location of their desire bus with only 5 seconds of update interval. This will reduce unnecessary hassle and waiting time for the users. It will provide multiple services to the user based on their category.

–Network analysis is a crucial thing of sorting route problem, shortest path and provide optimal route to daily transport vehicles. With help of proper route planning by network analysis gives quickest way and can sort out problem of longest facility of hospital, petrol center, police station, etc. Closest facility is the also main factor while performing a network analysis for congested routes. Network analysis can solve single route transportation and it is also capable of solving the multimodal route transportation. The single route transport means by roads and multimodal route transport means by railroads, roads and waterways. Solving route analysis can mean finding nearest shortest and even the most scenic route, depending on the impedance. If the impedance is the time then best route is the quickest route. The best route can be defined as the route that has the lowest impedance or least cost. Remote sensing and global information system (GIS) is the most useful technologies to take out data regarding to network analysis and transportation network datasets. Remote sensing and GIS is related to the satellites information to be collected. Optimization of quickest and optimal route based on satellites data collected through computer and mobile based app to simplify the critical and longest network facility. ArcGIS is a software used worldwide to manage the route network facilities within the city or country. In developing and designing the smart city project ArcGIS is mostly used for optimization of route planning process and location-routing problem (LRP). With the help of remote sensing and GIS technology we should look for reduction in travel time and consumption of fuel. Location based service help me out to collect data regards to bus user. After gathered all these bus stops data, it would be easy to find out correct location of bus stops. Network analysis can be done to get shortest and optimal route for bus which will reduce travelling time and cost of transportation.

In today's era everyone is using mobile phones for communication. At the same time Mobile Providers are also providing the variety of services to users. In attempt to expand on this, we propose a GPS based vehicle tracking system for an organization to help to find addresses of their vehicles and locate their positions on mobile devices. The organizations are investing money in monitoring and tracking vehicles aiming at improving services and ensuring the safety in cargos transports. The proposed technology allows organizations to track real-time information about their organizational vehicle during travel. Today for local transport most people use Bus as a medium. But due to their irregularity public faces various problems like not reaching on time, bus failure, no proper schedule etc. By this scenario author has created an Android application which provides the exact location of all organizational vehicles.

The prime objective of " Hostel out pass application " is to create a full-fledged Android application which could help the students to fill an out pass form and get approval from the consent staff and coordinators at one click. The form will be approved finally by the parent also thus making sure that the student's activity is brought to parents notice. This helps in avoiding the problems which occur when carried out manually. It improves the efficiency of the system. It is a customized user-friendly application for hostel students which provides out pass information. This project offers the user to enter the data through simple and interactive manner. I.INTRODUCTION The user is provided with the option of viewing their previous records of outpass forms in the history tab. The student will be directed to form page where they will have to input the details in the required field regarding the outpass details. Once filled and submitted the form will be sent to the consent staff and Year Coordinator and parent for approval. If the coordinator does not approve your form he will have to give certain reasons to it which will be then forwarded to the consent student. If not the approved, the form will be directed to the student as a final verified form with which the student can go out and use it as an outpass form. Similarly, the parent is also given a choice of declining the form. In most cases, the parents will not decline but still, this notification remains as an intimation made to the parents so that they will be aware of their ward's activities inside the college premises. However, in case of emergency situations, the students might not be able to contact their parent or wait for their approval due to several reasons, In that case, our application provides a more distinguished manner of filling up the forms namely: Emergency and Holiday outpass forms. The emergency outpass form segment enables the user to fill the form at that instance and get it approved only by their respective class in charge and not wait for their parent's approval. This will lessen the time consumption without taking much of the student's time and will be helpful for their need.However, the holiday outpasses forms will have to be submitted priory like say before 3 days from the date of issue, for the head of the department and the parent to approve because the student will be aware of the holiday before in hand and thus they can make their necessary arrangements prior to the date. This application enables the student to fill the form in an easier way than filling it manually. Since everybody uses a smartphone, creating forms through an app is the most convenient manner of establishing such platforms. Parents are also made aware of their children's activities thus the management need not take up the responsibility as a whole in case of emergency situations. This advancement in technology has proven worthy for all the citizens which enable technologists to come out with such developments useful to them. The main modules of this project are:  Student Module  HOD module  Staff module  Parent module Each of these modules has various functions that will enable this application to function as a whole in a more user friendly manner.

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is supported by Web 2.0 technologies and an outcome of crowdsourcing. The contributors to OSM have different professional background, knowledge, and interests for contributing data. Data completeness is an inherent data quality element for crowdsourced, has been substantially explored by researchers. The researchers have evaluated the completeness of OSM data via comparison to the reference dataset. This study is focusses on developing a rule-based approach to identify incompleteness in OSM data and presenting to users for corrections. It has two components: Web based and mobile based framework. The framework uses REST APIs for communication of data to and from OSM server. The outcome of this study would certainly help the users to improve the completeness of OSM data.

Abstract
There has always been the necessity of accurate and real time traffic information among the commuters and drivers of big cities. In present times, with the increased use and availability of GPS enabled smartphones, a traffic monitoring system based on cell phone GPS data is highly practical. Vehicles equipped with a smartphone application driving through the traffic of different roads can generate useful information, for example vehicle speed, geo location and information regarding the road. SO we have developed an application using these data, so that it can be sent back to a web service and stored in a database. Later based on these information, a color coded map can be generated that reflects the near real time traffic condition of a city at any given time to any user. Our traffic monitoring system based on this principle requires less physical maintenance, has faster deployment capability and potentially can monitor a large area.

An important area of work in big data software engineering involves the design and development of software frameworks for data-intensive systems that perform large-scale data collection and analysis. We report on our work to design and develop a software framework for analyzing the collaborative editing behavior of OpenStreetMap users when working on the task of crisis mapping. Crisis mapping occurs after a disaster or humanitarian crisis and involves the coordination of a distributed set of users who collaboratively work to improve the quality of the map for the impacted area in support of emergency response efforts. Our paper presents the challenges related to the analysis of OpenStreetMap and how our software framework tackles those challenges to enable the efficient processing of gigabytes of OpenStreetMap data. Our framework has already been deployed to analyze crisis mapping efforts in 2015 and has an active development community.

As a result of OpenStreetMap's (OSM) openness and wide availability, there is increasing interest in using OSM street network data in routing applications. But due to the heterogeneous nature of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in general and OSM in particular, there is no universally valid answer to questions about the quality of these data sources. In this paper we address the lack of systematic analyses of the quality of the OSM street network for vehicle routing and the effects of using OSM rather than proprietary street networks in vehicle routing applications. We propose a method to evaluate the quality of street networks for vehicle routing purposes which compares relevant street network features as well as computed route lengths and geometries using the Hausdorff distance. The results of our case study comparing OSM and the official Austrian reference graph in the city of Vienna show close agreement of one-way street and turn restriction information. Comparisons of 99,000 route pairs with an average length of 6,812 m show promising results for vehicle routing applications with OSM, especially for route length computation where we found median absolute length differences of 1.0%.

This paper presents a novel open source toolbox for street network comparison based on the Sextante geoprocessing framework for the open source Geographic Information System Quantum GIS (QGIS). In the spirit of open science, the toolbox enables researchers worldwide to assess the quality of street networks such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) by calculating key performance indicators commonly used in street network comparison studies. Additionally, we suggest two new performance indicators for turn restriction and one-way street comparisons specifically aimed at testing street network quality for routing. We demonstrate the use of this toolbox by comparing OSM and the official Austrian reference graph "Graph Integration Platform" (GIP) in the greater Vienna region.

— With the help of the GPS the user can Location based service helps the user to know about their surroundings when the user query the request for a particular location to the LBS server. Based on the user query rates per unit time and the lifetime of the context information the user are not observed by the server. But when the life time of the user request to the server side increases the users are easily tracked by the server. The user confidentiality can be increased by using Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm. By this algorithm the required data which is needed for the user will be displayed at the top. First the user has to send the required location as a query to the LBS server. The server in turn matches the user queries with the cloud database to verify whether the authorized user has entered the query. The Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm will display the required details which are provided to the user at the top. Hence the user can get the required details immediately. Thereby the frequent request by the user will be avoided.

The Internet of Things (IoT) was of a vision in which all physical objects are tagged and uniquely identified using RFID transponders or readers. Nowadays, research into the IoT has extended this vision to the connectivity of Things to anything, anyone, anywhere and at anytime. The IoT has grown into multiple dimensions, which encompasses various networks of applications, computers, devices, as well as physical and virtual objects, referred to as things or objects, that are interconnected together using communication technologies such as, wireless, wired and mobile networks, RFID, Bluetooth, GPS systems, and other evolving technologies. This paradigm is a major shift from an essentially computer-based network model to a fully distributed network of smart objects. This change poses serious challenges in terms of architecture, connectivity, efficiency, security and provision of services among many others. This paper studies the state-of-the art of the IoT. In addition, some major security and privacy issues are described and a new attack vector is introduced, referred to as the "automated invasion attack".

most passengers indicate that they want to instantly track the arrival time of the next buses and they are willing to contribute their location information on buses to help to establish a system to estimate the arrival time at various bus stops for the community. The system predicting bus arrival time with mobile phone based participatory sensing, trigger the data collection and transmission only when necessary. Here let the mobile phone instantly sense and report the nearby cell tower IDs. And an efficient and robust top-k cell tower set sequence matching method to classify the reported cell tower sequences and associate with different bus routes. Here is still has lacking for high dimensional data. To overcome these difficulties, the R-tree concept is going to implement in bus arrival time prediction system. It constructs the R-tree based structure which contains the information about bus location getting from the GPS or transmitter present in the bus. For polygon data the common setup is to store only the MBR of the polygon along with a unique identifier in the tree. It first determines the in which MBR the required bus is. After that the arrival time of the bus are determined based on the historical knowledge and the real time traffic conditions. R-tree based bus arrival time prediction system is well effective than the existing system. Experimentation results shows that the proposed system has higher efficiency in terms of accuracy of prediction and time complexity rate of the system.