Lipid quality

Pilaglobosa, the Indian apple snail, is crucial in freshwater and grassland ecosystems. P.globosa exhibits a broad geographical distribution. P.globosa is considered the most cost-effective source of nutrients for indigenous populations and impoverished rural inhabitants. The fat of snails, similar to fat found in other animals, consists of three types of fatty acids: saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Ensuring an adequate intake of essential unsaturated fatty acids, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids are of utmost importance for a balanced diet. The fatty acid contents of P.globosa meat collected from the Chalanbeel region were analyzed. The gas chromatography method was used to determine the profiles of fatty acids. A proximate study reveals that snails possess a low fat level of 3.10% and a high protein content of 40.87%. The primary fatty acids were detected C14:0 (3.78%), C16:0 (16.85%), C17:0 (0.81%), C18:0 (5.88%), C20:0 (0.20%), and C24:0 (2.79%). The lipid composition consisted of 30.31% saturated fatty acids, 26.1% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 33.58% polyunsaturated fatty acids. EPA and DHA levels of P. globosawere 2.27% and 1.28%, respectively. The study's findings indicate that snails are a rich source of omega fatty acids.

The objective was to investigate the detailed information about proximate, fatty acid compositions and lipid quality indices in the caviar of wild and farmed beluga, Huso huso from Iran. The fatty acid composition varied with origin of caviars, although did no differ in proximate compositions. The most notable difference (P 0.05). There were significantly differences between samples in the amount of eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n-3), arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and docosapentaenoic (C22:5n-3) acids (P 0.05). Total ω-6 was higher in farmed samples (P 0.05). The present study indicated that, fatty acids profile in beluga caviars can be used as an index to determine fish origin and diet. Also farmed beluga caviar has good balanced with lipid quality indices to decrease the potential risk of coronary heart diseases and like wild ones could be considered as a good food sources.

In this study, roes obtained from carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) that were caught from Keban Dam Lake (Elazığ) and the cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were processed as caviar and compositions of proximate and vitamins, cholesterol levels were determined in the products. In the research, roes obtained from mature fish were processed under aseptic conditions by suitable procedures for different fish species. The obtained caviars were weighed as 75 grams and filled in 200 ml capped glass jar and stored in +4 ºC for 28 days. As a result of the analysis in the study, the amount of dry matter was determined to be 35.94% in roes obtained from rainbow trout and 31.28% in roes obtained from carp. The average protein content in raw roe obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 24.32%, it was determined to be 18.25 % in carp. In this study, the fat content in roes obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 9.14%, but it did not show much change during processing and i...

This study aimed to determine the nutritional value of the fatty acids in the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae, Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum and Ageneiosus pardalis during dry and wet Neotropical seasons with the view to generate useful information for nutrition and sustainable commercial exploitation. The analysis of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the nutritional value was calculated using five estimators: n-6/n-3 ratio, unsaturation index (UI), atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and ratio of hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) fatty acids. A different number of fatty acids (P. magdaleniatum = 50, P. magdalenae = 41, and A. pardalis = 32) was identified for each species and the average abundance percentages were different in the two seasons (p < 0.05). Prochilodus magdalenae and P. magdaleniatum showed healthy n-6/n-3 ratios (1.04 and 2.72) in the different seasons. Although the three species showed low...

Corresponding Author: Mohammd Reza Ghomi, Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, 46817, Iran. Tel: +98-911-352 0669, E-mail: mghomi@tonekabon.iau.ac.ir. 470 ... Fatty Acid Composition of Kutum Rutilus frisii kutum ...

Since the fatty acid ester profile of a given biofuel is relatively consistent with the source's fatty acid profile, the properties of the biodiesel produced from a particular feedstock exhibit predictable quality. Thus, lipid fractions and the fatty acid composition of stationary growth-phase cultures of the local strains of the diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Navicula gregaria were analysed to evaluate their suitability as biodiesel feedstock. Total lipid content was 20.83 pg cell −1 in S. costatum and 19.17 pg cell −1 in N. gregaria. Neutral lipids were the main fraction of total lipids in both species, accounting for ca. 65% and 76%, respectively. S. costatum was predominant in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 43.48 %) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 40.11%), while N. gregaria was predominant in MUFAs (54.85%), followed by SFAs (33.42%). In S. costatum, the main fatty acids in neutral lipid fraction were myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids, while the main ones in N. gregaria were palmitic and palmitoleic acids. The oils extracted from these species presented linolenic acid contents within biodiesel's quality specifications. However, in neutral lipid fraction both species showed eicosapentaenoic acid levels higher than the required limit. The lipid quality analysed in both species suggests that a biodiesel derived from these oils may present an acceptable cetane number, but likely poor coldflow properties. This baseline information is useful for future research tending to find more suitable conditions in order to improve oil yield. In addition, both estuarine species neither compete with agriculture for food nor require farmland nor fresh water.

Since the fatty acid ester profile of a given biofuel is relatively consistent with the source's fatty acid profile, the properties of the biodiesel produced from a particular feedstock exhibit predictable quality. Thus, lipid fractions and the fatty acid composition of stationary growth-phase cultures of the local strains of the diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Navicula gregaria were analysed to evaluate their suitability as biodiesel feedstock. Total lipid content was 20.83 pg cell −1 in S. costatum and 19.17 pg cell −1 in N. gregaria. Neutral lipids were the main fraction of total lipids in both species, accounting for ca. 65% and 76%, respectively. S. costatum was predominant in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 43.48 %) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 40.11%), while N. gregaria was predominant in MUFAs (54.85%), followed by SFAs (33.42%). In S. costatum, the main fatty acids in neutral lipid fraction were myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids, while the main ones in N. gregaria were palmitic and palmitoleic acids. The oils extracted from these species presented linolenic acid contents within biodiesel's quality specifications. However, in neutral lipid fraction both species showed eicosapentaenoic acid levels higher than the required limit. The lipid quality analysed in both species suggests that a biodiesel derived from these oils may present an acceptable cetane number, but likely poor coldflow properties. This baseline information is useful for future research tending to find more suitable conditions in order to improve oil yield. In addition, both estuarine species neither compete with agriculture for food nor require farmland nor fresh water.

Iran is the number one producer of cultured coldwater fish in Asia since 2005. Rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the most common and important fish produced by Iranian fisheries. There is not enough information about carcass composition of cultured fish in Iran. Rainbow trout muscle samples were collected from six fish farms of Yazd province during February 2008. Muscle samples were frozen at-30 ο C after being homogenized. Proximate composition of samples was measured. Saturated fatty acids including palmitic, stearic, myristic, lauric acids, also unsaturated fatty acids oleic and linoleic were extracted from muscle tissue of fish at different farms, using gas chromatograghy (GC). Other unsaturated fatty acids including α-linolenic acid, Eicosa Pentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosa Hexaenoic Acid (DHA) had low concentrations (up to 3 %) in samples. Vitamin E levels were 4.33-94.34 μg/100 g.

In this study, roes obtained from carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) that were caught from Keban Dam Lake (Elazığ) and the cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were processed as caviar and compositions of proximate and vitamins, cholesterol levels were determined in the products. In the research, roes obtained from mature fish were processed under aseptic conditions by suitable procedures for different fish species. The obtained caviars were weighed as 75 grams and filled in 200 ml capped glass jar and stored in +4 ºC for 28 days. As a result of the analysis in the study, the amount of dry matter was determined to be 35.94% in roes obtained from rainbow trout and 31.28% in roes obtained from carp. The average protein content in raw roe obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 24.32%, it was determined to be 18.25 % in carp. In this study, the fat content in roes obtained from rainbow trout was determined to be 9.14%, but it did not show much change during processing and i...

Since the fatty acid ester profile of a given biofuel is relatively consistent with the source's fatty acid profile, the properties of the biodiesel produced from a particular feedstock exhibit predictable quality. Thus, lipid fractions and the fatty acid composition of stationary growth-phase cultures of the local strains of the diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Navicula gregaria were analysed to evaluate their suitability as biodiesel feedstock. Total lipid content was 20.83 pg cell −1 in S. costatum and 19.17 pg cell −1 in N. gregaria. Neutral lipids were the main fraction of total lipids in both species, accounting for ca. 65% and 76%, respectively. S. costatum was predominant in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 43.48 %) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 40.11%), while N. gregaria was predominant in MUFAs (54.85%), followed by SFAs (33.42%). In S. costatum, the main fatty acids in neutral lipid fraction were myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids, while the main ones in N. gregaria were palmitic and palmitoleic acids. The oils extracted from these species presented linolenic acid contents within biodiesel's quality specifications. However, in neutral lipid fraction both species showed eicosapentaenoic acid levels higher than the required limit. The lipid quality analysed in both species suggests that a biodiesel derived from these oils may present an acceptable cetane number, but likely poor coldflow properties. This baseline information is useful for future research tending to find more suitable conditions in order to improve oil yield. In addition, both estuarine species neither compete with agriculture for food nor require farmland nor fresh water.

Fishery products are a high source of nutrients, especially fatty acids. The smoking technology with liquid smoke is being developed to preserve fishery products. With this processing, fish are expected to be more durable and have better nutritional content, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), needed in the body. For this reason, research has been carried out to see the impact of fish processing with liquid smoke technology on the fatty acid profile of smoked Indian scad. The method used is the experimental method using coconut shell liquid smoke and samples of fresh and smoked Indian scad. The results showed that the fatty acid profile of fresh and smoked Indian scad contained 27 types of fatty acids consisting of 11 saturated fatty acids and 16 unsaturated fatty acids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fresh and smoked Indian scad is greater than the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The high ratio of PUFA-...

Background: When breastfeeding is not possible, infants are fed formulas in which lipids are usually of plant origin. However, the use of dairy fat in combination with plant oils enables a lipid profile in formula closer to breast milk in terms of fatty acid composition, triglyceride structure and cholesterol content. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact on growth and gastrointestinal tolerance of a formula containing a mix of dairy lipids and plant oils in healthy infants. Methods: This study was a monocentric, double-blind, controlled, randomized trial. Healthy term infants aged less than 3 weeks whose mothers did not breastfeed were randomly allocated to formula containing either: a mix of plant oils and dairy fat (D), only plant oils (P) or plant oils supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PDHA). Breastfed infants were included in a reference group (BF). Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured after 2 and 4 months. Gastrointestinal tolerance was evaluated during 2 day-periods after 1 and 3 months thanks to descriptive parameters reported by parents. Nonrandomized BF infants were not included in the statistical analysis. Results: Eighty eight formula-fed and 29 BF infants were enrolled. Gains of weight, recumbent length, cranial circumference and fat mass were similar between the 3 formula-fed groups at 2 and 4 months and close to those of BF. Z-scores for weight, recumbent length and cranial circumference in all groups were within normal ranges for growth standards. No significant differences were noted among the 3 formula groups in gastrointestinal parameters (stool frequency/consistency/ color), occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, flatulence, regurgitation) or infant's behavior. Conclusions: A formula containing a mix of dairy lipids and plant oils enables a normal growth in healthy newborns. This formula is well tolerated and does not lead to abnormal gastrointestinal symptoms. Consequently, reintroduction of dairy lipids could represent an interesting strategy to improve lipid quality in infant formulas. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01611649, retrospectively registered on May 25, 2012.

Fishery products are a high source of nutrients, especially fatty acids. The smoking technology with liquid smoke is being developed to preserve fishery products. With this processing, fish are expected to be more durable and have better nutritional content, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), needed in the body. For this reason, research has been carried out to see the impact of fish processing with liquid smoke technology on the fatty acid profile of smoked Indian scad. The method used is the experimental method using coconut shell liquid smoke and samples of fresh and smoked Indian scad. The results showed that the fatty acid profile of fresh and smoked Indian scad contained 27 types of fatty acids consisting of 11 saturated fatty acids and 16 unsaturated fatty acids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fresh and smoked Indian scad is greater than the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The high ratio of PUFA-...

Fishery products are a high source of nutrients, especially fatty acids. The smoking technology with liquid smoke is being developed to preserve fishery products. With this processing, fish are expected to be more durable and have better nutritional content, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), needed in the body. For this reason, research has been carried out to see the impact of fish processing with liquid smoke technology on the fatty acid profile of smoked Indian scad. The method used is the experimental method using coconut shell liquid smoke and samples of fresh and smoked Indian scad. The results showed that the fatty acid profile of fresh and smoked Indian scad contained 27 types of fatty acids consisting of 11 saturated fatty acids and 16 unsaturated fatty acids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fresh and smoked Indian scad is greater than the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The high ratio of PUFA-...

The aim of this study was to investigate on obtained caviar quantity status of sturgeon at fishing grounds of the southwestern Caspian Sea. Data of catches by means of fixed gill nets in sturgeon fish fishing grounds and beach seine were used during 5 years survey (2005-2009). A total of 1361 female sturgeon was caught including: 788 Acipenser persicus, 410 A. stellatus, 60 A. guldenstaedti, 70 A. nudiventris and 33 Huso huso. The total amount of obtained caviar declined from 1652 kg (in 2005) to 925.06 kg (in 2009) that this reduction was about 44%. Based on Pearson test, the relationship between caviar amount and time was linear and had negative and significant correlation (p= 0.015). Additionally, the trend of obtained caviar amount reduced highly in the west coasts of Guilan province (p= 0.016), but it was almost fixed in the east coasts of Guilan province (p= 0.514). Furthermore, the maximum and minimum of obtained caviar amount were 66.60% and 4.19% that belong to A. persicus ...

The objective was to investigate the detailed information about proximate, fatty acid compositions and lipid quality indices in the caviar of wild and farmed beluga, Huso huso from Iran. The fatty acid composition varied with origin of caviars, although did no differ in proximate compositions. The most notable difference (P<0.05) was the higher concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) in farmed beluga caviar (8.32%) than in wild ones (0.37%). The amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) in wild and farmed caviars (23.88% and 23.75% respectively) were not different (P>0.05). There were significantly differences between samples in the amount of eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n-3), arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and docosapentaenoic (C22:5n-3) acids (P<0.05). The total ω-3 in wild and farmed caviars were 38.42% and 30.42% (P>0.05). Total ω-6 was higher in farmed samples (P<0.05). The ratio of ω-3/ω-6 was higher in wild (2.90) than in farmed (1.75) samples (P<0.05). It was also true for, AI content (0.29 and 0.28) and TI (0.18 and 0.21) and also PI content (1.73 and 1.46) respectively, however the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The present study indicated that, fatty acids profile in beluga caviars can be used as an index to determine fish origin and diet. Also farmed beluga caviar has good balanced with lipid quality indices to decrease the potential risk of coronary heart diseases and like wild ones could be considered as a good food sources.