Lemon Grass

State, with the aim of determining the potentials of Cattle Dung Ash (CDA) against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855) infestation on stored maize, and its ability to confer protection to maize grain while in storage. Three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 15, DMR and SAMMAZ 51) were sourced from the Gombe Stare Agricultural Development Programme (GSADP) station. Each of the stored maize varieties was treated with four levels (0g, 2g, 4g, 6g) of CDA, which was prepared by drying and burning until it became ash. They were each put in plastic containers covered with muslin and secured with rubber bands. The experiment was set up in the laboratory in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) under prevailing weather conditions, and replicated three times. Parameters that were determined from the experiment included adult S. zeamais mortality on stored maize treated with CDA, exit holes on S. zeamais-infested stored maize treated with CDA and weight loss on S. zeamais-infested stored maize treated with CDA. Results from the study showed that number of adult S. zeamais mortality showed significantly (p≤0.05) higher mortalities, especially 4DAT and 6DAT compared with control treatment. However, number of adult S. zeamais mortality among maize varieties was not significant (p>0.05). Interaction between treatment and variety was significant (p≤0.05) 4DAT. The study suggests that CDA possesses some insecticidal properties capable of protecting stored maize from infestation by S. zeamais.

Background and Objective: The people of the rural area of Bangladesh have a great history of putting into use many indigenous medicinal plants to cure diseases. The attention has focused on phytochemicals as sources of natural antioxidants. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate phenol, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities in five medicinal plants namely Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Pudina (Mentha spicata), Ulat kambal (Abroma augusta) and Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus). Materials and Methods: Five medicinal plants were collected from the medicinal garden of BIRTAN regional station, Noakhali, Bangladesh. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method assessed the phenolic compound. The antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity) and total flavonoid content were assessed by the UV spectrophotometer method. Results: Significant differences in natural antioxidants among the species were studied. Antioxidant activity was found to range from 40.483-78.373%. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in Neem (78.373% inhibition), followed by Lemongrass (74.717%) and Pudina (62.483%). The phenolic compound and total flavonoid content ranged from 1.13-1.953 mg GAE/g extract and 97.6-145.203 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Neem leaf extract showed the highest in both flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity suggesting the good potential of this plant could be considered responsible for conferring antioxidant ability and use for traditional medicine. A positive significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activity with total flavonoid content (0.528*) and an insignificant positive correlation with phenolic compound (0.225). Conclusion: It is possible to suggest that the plant extracts' total phenolic and flavonoid content is the reason for the antioxidant activity. Medicinal plants with good antioxidant activity could serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants.

In the agricultural sector, the rice weevil, Sitophilous oryzae L. is one of the most damaging pests, causing significant economic losses worldwide. It is an internal feeder of grains. The female rice weevil causes damage to the grain by creating a hole in it and laying her eggs inside. The main purpose of our study was to investigate the biological effect of an aqueous extract of Mucana prurienson rice weevil under laboratory conditions. To assess the biological activities, data like number of the days to adult emergence, total adult emergence, percent infestation, weight loss, adult longevity, and adult sex ratio were recorded. The findings showed that, in the case of a 100 mg/ml plant extract, the maximum number of days needed for the adult emergence of rice was 66 and 72 days for wheat weevil, and the minimum number of days required was 20 and 25 in case control of both rice and wheat grains. When rice grains were treated with 0 mg/ml aqueous extracts, the maximum number of adult emergences observed was 72 on rice grains, while 66.00 occurred on wheat grains. The highest percentage of infestation (40.00%) was found in rice grains, while the highest percentage (39.78%) was found in wheat grains treated with 0 mg/ml aqueous extracts. The lowest weight loss (7.99%) was observed in rice grains and the highest weight loss (16.66%) in wheat grains treated with 100 mg/ml extracts; on the other hand, the lowest weight loss (13.33%) was observed in rice grains and the highest in wheat grains treated with 0 mg/ml aqueous extracts. When weevils were raised on untreated rice and wheat grains, the longest recorded adult lifespan was achieved overall. For rice weevil control that is safer, plant aqueous extracts with concentrations of 100 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml ought to be utilized. The present studies were carried out to examine the environmentally friendly aqueous extracts of Mucana pruriens and their pesticidal efficacy in controlling rice weevil. The study anticipates that Mucana pruriens extracts will exhibit significant insecticidal properties, potentially providing a natural alternative to synthetic insecticides. This study contributes to sustainable pest management strategies for stored grains.

Powders prepared from two plant species, Piper guineense and Zingiber officinale were used against adult cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) on cowpea grains. The powders of Piper guineense and Zingiber officinale were applied separately and in mixtures in the ratios of Zg0%:Pg100%, Zg100%:Pg0%, Zg20%:Pg80%, Zg80%:Pg20% and Zg50%:Pg50% respectively. They were evaluated under ambient laboratory conditions (30±3◦C and 75±3%). Mortality of adult C. maculatus at 24, 48 and 72hrs after treatment were recorded and compared with the control. All concentrations recorded higher mortality than the control except the mixture with the ratio Zg20%:Pg80%. The powder application at Pg100% proportion caused the highest mortality, during the exposure period. However, no significant difference exist (P>0.05) in the mortality count of adult C. maculatus between the various powder applications and the control.

Lemongrass is a perennial evergreen plant with long thin leaves, Cymbopogon citratus is botanical name of lemongrass and belong to Poaceae family. The name Cymbopogon comes from the Greek words "kymbe-pogon" which means "boat-beard" due to the flower spike structure) and "citratus," is latin word which indicate lemon-scented

Lemon grass in a tall and perennial sedge, throwing up dense fascicles of leaves form a short rhizome, which belongs to the family Poaceae. The culm is stout, erect, upto 1.8 meter high and it is widely cultivated in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu in the southern region, parts of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand in the northern region and Assam in the north-eastern region. Currently, the world production of oil of lemon grass is around 600 to 900 tons/annum. Field studies were conducted on lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) under teak (Tectona grandis) based agroforestry system at Forest Nursery & Research Centre, College of Forestry, Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Deemed University, Allahabad. The root slips of lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) were planted in three spacings viz. 30x30 cm, 30×45 cm and 30x60 cm and four levels of fertilizer dose were given to the lemon grass viz. N0P0K0 Kg/ha, N50P20K20 Kg/ha, N100P40K40 Kg/ha, and N150P60K60 Kg/ha. Growth and yield parameters, such as plant height (cm) number of tillers per plant, herbage yield (tons/ha) and oil yield (kg/ha) were measured. Lemon grass in a spacing of 30×45 cm, with the fertilizer application of Nitrogen 150 kg/ha, phosphorus 60 kg/ha and Potassium 60 kg/ha recorded the maximum values for plant height (1.71 m), number of tillers per plant (81), herbage yield (40.7 tons/ha) and oil yield (168.84 kg/ha) under teak trees.

North East region of India suffers from high sulphur coal mine overburden (OB) and plants those survive under such condition have adopted to such harsh environment. Here, we have investigated the effect of coal mine OB substrate on biochemical, physiological and growth of two shrubs Cassia (Cassia sofera L.) and Dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata L.); two tree species Gomari (Gmelina arborea L.) and Sisso (Dalbergia sisso L.); and two monocots Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus L). The mine OB was found to be acidic (pH 2.0) with no true soil behavior, 12.5% sulphur and more than double the trace and heavy metals compared to normal control soil. Overall, high lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase enzymes activities along with osmolyte proline and total soluble sugar was found in mine OB plants compared to control plants. While antioxidant activities were higher, n...

The repelling of insect pests and attracting of beneficial insects using non-host plants is an important component of ‘push-pull’ strategy. Plants with insecticidal properties are locally abundant and can be utilized to management insect pests. For this study, Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) and Marigold plant (Tagetes erecta L.) were intercropped with cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) as border plants to reduce the population dynamics of flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis C.). Lemon grass was selected based on its repellent properties while marigold for its pull mechanism. Both lemon grass and marigold were planted as barrier or border plants to cabbage. Lemon grass (C. citratus) was effective in minimizing the abundance of C. confinis, reduced defoliation (%) and enhanced leaf area of cabbage plants (p

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of mixed powders of Piper guineense (Piperaceae) and Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) on Sitophilus zeamais population and seed weight loss percentage of stored maize. Experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions (26.94 ± 0.81 °C, 74.76 ± 4.51% r.h. and 12 h photoperiod). In a completely randomized design with three replications, powders of P. guineense and Z. officinale were applied separately and in mixtures at the ratios of Zg100%:Pg0% (T1), Zg0%:Pg100% (T2), Zg30%:Pg70% (T3), Zg70%:Pg30% (T4) and Zg50%:Pg50% (T5), respectively. The mortality rate of S. zeamais adults was recorded and compared with the control at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 168 hours after treatment. Maize grain damage and seed weight loss percentage were determined. Results showed highly significant differences with S. zeamais mortality rate between treatments, treatment exposure duration and their interactions (p<0.001). P. guineense, alone, showed the best efficacy (mortality rate = 96.66 ± 5.77% at 96 hours after treatment) and mixed with Z. officinale at the ratio 70%Pg: 30Zo (mortality rate = 93.33 ± 5.77%). Taking into account this high performance of P. guineense seed powder, it can be recommended as stored maize grain protectants.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. walp) is one of the most important leguminous crops that are widely grown throughout the tropics. The aim of the study is to evaluate the combination of two botanical powders and a synthetic insecticide in the control of cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on stored cowpea grain. The botanical powders were admixed with the cowpea grain at a combination of 3:7, 7:3 and 5:5 per 50g of beans while the primiphos methyl powder was admixed at 0.25g per 50g of cowpea. In the control, no treatment was used. The experimental design adopted for the experiment was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated four times for each experiment. Twenty (20) adults of C. maculatus unsexed (taken from stock culture kept in the laboratory) were introduced into each vial including the control and were covered with muslin cloth held tightly in place with rubber band to prevent the weevils from escaping. The experiments were monitored for 72 hours. T...

Plant leaf powders prepared from two plant species, Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem) were used against adult cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) on cowpea grains. The leaf powders of Vernonia amygdalina L. (Va) and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Az) were applied separately and in mixtures in the ratios of Va100%, Az100%, Va50%:Az50%, Va20%:Az80% and Va80%:Az20% respectively. They were evaluated under ambient laboratory conditions (30±3â—¦C and 75±3%). Mortality of adult C. maculatus at 24, 48 and 72hrs after treatment were recorded and compared with the control. All concentrations recorded higher mortality than the control except the mixture with the ratio Va20%:Az80%. The powder application at Az100% proportion caused the highest mortality, during the exposure period. It was also significantly (P&lt;0.05) different from the control in adult mortality.

Cowpea Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), the principal harvest pest of Cowpea, (Vigna unguculata) Order Coleoptera and family Bruchidae is of several economic importance reducing the yield and quality of stored Cowpea. In an attempt to eliminate the menace caused by this insect pest in an environmental friendly way, the insecticidal potentials of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) products were studied against this insect pest (Callosobruchus maculatus). Sundried fresh leaves of Lemon grass (C. citratus) were pulverized and sieved. The extract was obtained from the pulverized plant part using cold extraction method and ethanol as the solvent. The powder was test at dosage rate of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5g/10kg of experimental cowpea. The insecticidal potential of the extract was evaluated using test tube contact toxicity method at a concentration rate of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5ml/kg of experimental cowpea. Both powder and extract were evaluated for toxicity against C. maculatus at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours exposure period, with three replicates per treatment. Results indicate that powder had significant difference (P<0.05) in adult C. maculatus mortality. The extract also had significant difference (P<0.05) in adult C. maculatus mortality after 96 h exposure with the highest dose producing 100% mortality. The result reveals that Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) products have potential for use as protection of stored cowpea grains against damage by Callosobruchus maculatus.

The study was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal actions of two common plant powders on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais on maize grains. The plant species studied were Psidium guajava (guava) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass). The test powders were applied separately on maize grains at various concentrations of control, 2 g, 4 g and 6 g. All powders concentrations test caused higher mortality than control group. The insecticidal effect of the test powders was found to be dose dependent. The mortality of adult S. zeamais in maize grains treated with these common plant powders was higher than the control group. The results showed that there was significant difference only in the highest concentration (6 g) of C. citratus and the control (P<0.05). The two test powders are both cheap and safer for human consumption hence is recommended to be used as maize protectants in storage. Further studies on the packaging and sales of these plant powders for easy accessibility to farmers and consumers of maize is also suggested.

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using
Lebanese Cymbopogon citratus stem as an alternative adsorbent for the
removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Different parameters
such as the effect of initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time
and temperature were studied. Maximum adsorption capacity (61%) of MB
was obtained at PH=6 an initial concentration 200 mg/L after 24h and at 25
˚C. The adsorption isotherm was better described by a Freundlich model
rather than a Langmiur model. Based on these results, it can be concluded
that the stems of Cymbopogon citratus is effective as an alternative
adsorbent for MB remediation in waste water.

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using
Lebanese Cymbopogon citratus stems as an alternative adsorbent for
the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of
different parameters such as the initial metal ion concentration, pH,
adsorbent  dose,  contact  time  and  temperature  were  studied.
Maximum adsorption capacity (93%) of lead (II) ion was obtained at
pH 4 and 25˚C after 1 hour for150 mg/L initial concentration. FT-IR
analysis pointed out the involvement of amine and carboxyl group in
the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherm was better described
by Freundlich rather than Langmuir model. Based on these results, it
can be concluded that the stem of Cymbopogon citratus is effective
as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of toxic Pb (II) from
waste water.