Knowledge Modelling

Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are social-technical systems with a variety of final users and actors that cooperate with each other and interact with the system for decision-making, problems resolution, etc. The modelling of these systems using formal methods provides mechanisms and tools that guarantee the users a correct deployment and use of it. In this paper we showing environmental knowledge modelling accomplished in the SOL-ERES project, a spatio-temporal information system for environmental management, a cooperative system based on multi-agent architectures and intelligent agents. The system modelling uses UML for knowledge representation, and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) perspective -based on the OMG classical Model-driven Architecture (MDA)-to create OWL/XML ontology automatically.

Lesson plans help teachers to organize content, materials and methods for their teaching. Appropriate lesson plans are crucial to accommodate student differences in various aspects. Currently there are limited mechanisms to support decision making in constructing lesson plans based on the constraints teachers have. Since lesson plans have a standard format, they can potentially be shared. SmartLP, a web-based lesson planning system, was developed to assist teachers in preparing suitable lesson plans based on various constraints; students' profile, curriculum and facilities. In SmartLP, teachers can make modification to the retrieved plans according to their constraints, as opposed to generating new ones from scratch. Implementation of such systems insists on a proper case representation as it facilitates case retrieval and subsequently case adaptation to handle differences in hand. An ontology for the lesson plan domain has been built in the form of a taxonomy. This is followed by case definition that consists of problem description and solution. Cases are represented as attributes -value representation in a case base. Transformation, a kind of case adaptation, is implemented in the system to facilitate teachers in adding, deleting or editing the contents of the retrieved lesson plans. The adaptation can be derived from one case or several cases.

The Corona Virus has affected almost all aspects of life, including the mentoring English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Teaching practice has been increasingly emphasized as a vital part of preservice teacher training program. During the Covid-19, there were a number of initiatives to assist teachers in education program. Between these, online mentoring via social media platforms are rapidly emerging as a creative approach to assist preservice teacher with additional resources. The study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of online mentoring during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Data were 24 preservice teachers and 4 mentors participated in this study at the Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training in Banten. Mixed method designs a survey method and interview conducted online. The study analysed the effect of online mentoring experience differences on preservice teachers of mentoring activities. This study also explained kinds of mentoring used during the Covid-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that online learning was effective because the conditions that required online study and the mentor-mentee talk as not as effective as in the normal mentoring. The results of the study have implications for mentors, preservice teacher, and administrators. Supports from institution and schools are needed for the success of online mentoring

Perceptions of mentors' practices related to primary science teaching from nine Australian universities (n=331 final year preservice teachers) were gathered through a literature-based instrument. Five factors that characterise effective mentoring practices in primary science teaching were supported by confirmatory factory analysis. These factors, namely, personal attributes, system requirements, pedagogical knowledge, modelling, and feedback had Cronbach alpha coefficients of internal consistency reliability of . 93, .76, .94, .95, and .92 respectively. Final model fit indices were χ 2 =1335, df=513, CMIDF=2.60, IFI=.922, CFI=.921, RMR=.066, RMSEA=.070 (p<.001). Specific mentoring interventions for improving primary science teaching practices may be implemented by measuring preservice teachers' perceptions of their mentoring with a valid and reliable instrument.

Testing is a paramount quality assurance activity in every software development project, especially for embedded, safety critical systems. During the test process, a lot of effort is put into the generation of test cases. The presented OSTAG project aimed at developing methods and techniques to automate the software test case generation for black-box testing. The proposed approach was based on the creation of a software requirements ontology and the application of inference rules on the ontology to derive test cases. The ontology represents knowledge of the requirements, the software system and the corresponding application domain while the inference rules formalize knowledge from documents and experienced testers in the domain of test planning and test case generation. A software prototype of the approach was implemented and one of the industrial project partners evaluated the results. An alternative method for generating test cases, based on genetic algorithms, was also explored.

Testing is a paramount quality assurance activity in every software development project, especially for embedded, safety critical systems. During the test process, a lot of effort is put into the generation of test cases. The presented OSTAG project aimed at developing methods and techniques to automate the software test case generation for black-box testing. The proposed approach was based on the creation of a software requirements ontology and the application of inference rules on the ontology to derive test cases. The ontology represents knowledge of the requirements, the software system and the corresponding application domain while the inference rules formalize knowledge from documents and experienced testers in the domain of test planning and test case generation. A software prototype of the approach was implemented and one of the industrial project partners evaluated the results. An alternative method for generating test cases, based on genetic algorithms, was also explored.

We report a strategy of collaborative knowledge modeling between experts and novices implemented in a Canadian organization since 2002 to support the transfer of expertise and knowledge management in this organization. Participants use an object-typed knowledge modeling editor called MOT to elaborate knowledge models in pairs. A knowledge model is similar to a concept map, except that it is based on a typology of knowledge objects and on a typology of links, and its structure is not necessarily hierarchical. This technique is used to represent concepts, principles, procedures and facts related to a specific aspect of the work done by employees in the organization. The paper presents the rationale behind this project, describes how it is implemented and identifies some research issues.

Please, cite this publication as: Lundgren-Cayrol, K., Paquette, G., Marino, O., Léonard, M., & de la Teja, I. (2006). Learning Design Repositories – Structure Ontology and Processes. Proceedings of International Workshop in Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development, TENCompetence Conference. March 30th-31st, Sofia, Bulgaria: TENCompetence. Retrieved June 30th, 2006, from http://dspace.learningnetworks.org

This chapter states and explains that a Learning Design is the result of a knowledge engineering process where knowledge and competencies, learning design and delivery models are constructed in an integrated framework. We present a general graphic al ...

In this paper we propose a new tool for models design and maintenance. This tool was built to design cooperative knowledge based models. We first present the specifications of such a tool: it must produce easily executable models and meta-models; it has to be easy to use, with the possibility to handle drafts of models. Then we present the characteristics of TMMT (Task Method Modelling Tool) satisfying these specifications. We finally give some elements of methodology to build conceptual models with TMMT.

In this paper we propose a new tool for models design and maintenance. This tool was built to design cooperative knowledge based models. We first present the specifications of such a tool: it must produce easily executable models and meta-models; it has to be easy to use, with the possibility to handle drafts of models. Then we present the characteristics of TMMT (Task Method Modelling Tool) satisfying these specifications. We finally give some elements of methodology to build conceptual models with TMMT.

This paper describes the development of a knowledge based system for selecting the technology for manufacturing machine parts. The problem is formally specified and analysed. The problem solving method is modelled by instantiating two Generic Task Models (GTM) in the domain of bulk metal forming. Both technological and economical criteria are considered. Static knowledge is represented as domain ontologies. The

Cette contribution est un manifeste pour considérer les interactions liées à l'activité d'apprentissage comme des connaissances inscrites de même nature que les connaissances inscrites dans les modèles par les experts ou calculées à partir de données de corpus contrôlés. Nous revenons sur une controverse ayant traversé la communauté de l'intelligence artificielle sur la nature de la connaissance et sur les enjeux mêmes de l'IA. Nous proposons d'articuler le point de vue de l'IA traditionnelle (modélisation de connaissances « déjà là ») et le point de vue de l'IA revisitée par la prise en compte du corps et de son activité dans l'environnement. Nous illustrons schématiquement ce que pourrait être cette articulation et présentons une application à l'enseignement à distance (Projet PIXED) comme exemple d'une telle approche. La discussion est l'occasion de montrer le chemin à parcourir pour que cette articulation soit facile à intégrer par les concepteurs d'EIAH avec quelques pistes explorées dans l'équipe SILEX : systèmes de Gestion de Traces modélisées et mécanismes d'apprentissage interactif de connaissance.

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Ontologies can provide a valuable role in the work of cancer registration, particularly as a tool for managing and navigating the various classification systems and coding rules. Further advantages accrue from the ability to formalise the coding rule base using description logics and thereby benefit from the associated automatic reasoning functionality. Drawing from earlier work that showed the viability of applying ontologies in the data validation tasks of cancer registries, an ontology was created using a modular approach to handle the specific checks for childhood cancers. The ontology was able to handle successfully the various inter-variable checks using the axiomatic constructs of the web ontology language. Application of an ontological approach for data validation can greatly simplify the maintenance of the coding rules and facilitate the federation of any centralised validation process to the local level. It also provides an improved means of visualising the rule interdependencies from different perspectives. Performance of the automatic reasoning process can be a limiting issue for very large datasets and will be a focus for future work. Results are provided showing how the ontology is able to validate cancer case records typical for childhood tumours.

Despite international interest on research into the preparation of pre-service mathematics teachers, the role of school-based subject mentors remains an under-explored area in the mathematics teacher education and professional development in general. In this paper, an exploratory study based on a multiple case approach that sought three experienced school-based mathematics mentors' views of their own roles in developing the pre-service teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics is presented. With a particular focus on the specialised content knowledge (SCK) category from Ball et al.'s (2008) conceptualisation of mathematics knowledge for teaching, thematic analysis of the interview data indicates that development of pre-service teachers' such knowledge is influenced by and depends on mentors' own personal construct of subject specific mentoring. For pre-service teachers to fully benefit from their teaching practice, an explicit model of subject-specific mentoring is needed.

Introduction Several parts of the World Heritage City of Timbuktu have been destroyed during the Malian civil war [whc.unesco.org, 13/06/2013]. In Italy's Emilia Romagna and Lombardy regions, a series of earthquakes and their aftershocks caused serious damage to the cultural heritage in May 2012 [UNESCO, 2012]. These two examples illustrate that both human and natural actions can in a short time destroy objects to which a historical, scientifi c or aesthetic value has been attributed for a long time. Therefore, accurate documentation of cultural heritage is of inestimable value [Santana, 2003]. Such efforts at the protection and conservation of cultural heritage are generally accepted as important for future generations [e.g. UNESCO, 1972; Jokelitho, 2008]. However, there is no shared understanding of what is meant by 'cultural heritage' [Jokelitho, 2008; González-Pérez & Parcero-Oubiña, 2012], since several defi nitions exist in literature and in national and international legislation. For example, Jokelitho [2008] observed an emerging diversity of 'things' conceptualized as cultural heritage. In addition, González-Pérez and Parcero-Oubiña [2012] described a set of principles that reoccur in the defi nitions. For a clear understanding, this paper combines the defi nitions of the UNESCO 1 World Heritage Convention [1972] and the ICOMOS 2 [www. icomos.org, 8/03/2013]. In these defi nitions, monuments, groups of buildings, cultural landscapes and archaeological sites are considered as cultural heritage if they are assigned a historical, artistic or scientifi c value. For all of these classes of cultural heritage, a precise documentation results not only in a more well-founded assessment of its conservation state, but also in a better understanding of its historical background [Santana, 2003]. Consequently, sharing heritage documentation can create an important knowledge transfer between policy makers, researchers (e.g. archaeologists) and the general public (e.g. tourists) [Shaw et al., 2009; McKeague et al., 2012]. However, the future reuse of heritage documentation, such as archaeological data and its derived interpretations, is often prevented because the data sets (i) contain sensitive information, (ii) are conceived as copyrighted or (iii) are simply forgotten [McKeague et al., 2012]. The fi rst two reasons are linked to the general 'Open Data' 3 discussion. The last issue (iii) can be tackled by applying a common data model, which facilitates the sharing of information [Shaw et al., 2009; McKeague et al., 2012]. Besides enhancing the data interoperability and exchange by encouraging the use of data models, the domain of cultural heritage can also reap the fruits from the increasing popularity of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). These systems may hold many advantages for the integration and analysis of cultural heritage information. This paper focusses on the current use of GIS and data models in cultural heritage. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 de

Abstract. In the IST project SEKT–Semantically Enabled Knowledge Technologies–one of the case studies [BCC+05] aims at providing an intelligent Frequently Asked Questions system, Iuriservice prototype II, that will offer help to newly appointed judges in Spain. This iFAQ uses ontology based Semantic Web technologies to retrieve FAQ to reply queries posed in natural language. In order to construct the underlying ontology, we used the ontology engineering methodology DILIGENT. DILIGENT [PTSS04] methodology is ...

This chapter discusses how to build IMS learning designs focusing on three aspects, instructional engineering, modeling tools and graphical design techniques. First, we propose that instructional designers use a systemic and systematic instructional engineering method to build Units of Learning conforming to the IMS-LD specification. MISA, a mature instructional engineering method will serve as the basis to our design approach. Second, we present a graphical modeling tool, MOT+, and a representation technique that was created to support instructional engineering. In MOT+, concepts, procedures and principles are used to describe all IMS-LD components as well as their relationships. We believe this graphical language to be closer to instructional designers, in that it represents a more pedagogical viewpoint than software engineering graphical languages like UML, while still enabling an automatic translation from graphical models into a machine-readable IMS-LD XML. Third, we will provide an example of the design processes involved in building learning designs, from the preliminary analysis to the definition of a unit of learning method, the central part of the IMS Learning Design.

In this paper, we present two techniques for reasoning from cases: induction, and case-based reasoning. We compare and contrast the two technologies (that are often confused) and show how they complement one-another. We then describe how they can be integrated in a single platform for reasoning from cases: the INRECA system.

Despite international interest on research into the preparation of pre-service mathematics teachers, the role of school-based subject mentors remains an under-explored area in the mathematics teacher education and professional development in general. In this paper, an exploratory study based on a multiple case approach that sought three experienced school-based mathematics mentors' views of their own roles in developing the pre-service teachers' knowledge for teaching mathematics is presented. With a particular focus on the specialised content knowledge (SCK) category from Ball et al.'s (2008) conceptualisation of mathematics knowledge for teaching, thematic analysis of the interview data indicates that development of pre-service teachers' such knowledge is influenced by and depends on mentors' own personal construct of subject specific mentoring. For pre-service teachers to fully benefit from their teaching practice, an explicit model of subject-specific mentoring is needed.

This paper presents a knowledge-based detection of objects approach using the OWL ontology language, the Semantic Web Rule Language, and 3D processing built-ins aiming at combining geometrical analysis of 3D point clouds and specialist's knowledge. This combination allows the detection and the annotation of objects contained in point clouds. The context of the study is the detection of railway objects such as signals, technical cupboards, electric poles, etc. Thus, the resulting enriched and populated ontology, that contains the annotations of objects in the point clouds, is used to feed a GIS systems or an IFC file for architecture purposes.

http://dia.fi.upm.es Summary. This article describes a knowledge-based application in the domain of road traffic management that we have developed following a knowledge modeling approach and the notion of problem-solving method. The article presents first a domain-independent model for real-time decision support as a structured collection of problem solving methods. Then, it is described how this general model is used to develop an operational version for the domain of traffic management. For this purpose, a particular knowledge modeling tool, called KSM (Knowledge Structure Manager), was applied. Finally, the article shows an application developed for a traffic network of the city of Madrid and it is compared with a second application developed for a different traffic area of the city of Barcelona.

Taxonomies are semantic resources that help to categorize and add meaning to data. In a hyperconnected world where information is generated at a rate that exceeds human capacities to process and make sense of it, such semantic resources can help to access relevant information more efficiently by extracting knowledge from large and unstructured data sets. Taxonomies are related to specific domains of knowledge in which they identify relevant topics. However, they have to be validated by experts to guarantee that its terms and relations are meaningful. In this paper, we introduce a semiautomatic taxonomy generation tool for supporting domain experts in building taxonomies that are then used to automatically create semantic visualizations of data. Our proposal combines automatic techniques to extract, sort and categorize terms, and empowers domain experts to take part at any stage of the process by providing a visual edition tool. We tested the tool's usability in two use cases from different domains and languages. Results show that all the functionalities are easy to use and interact with. Lessons learned from this experience will guide the design of a utility evaluation involving domain experts interested in data analysis and knowledge modeling.

A lot of curricula in information systems, also at master level, exists today. However, the strong need in new approaches and new curricula still exists, especially, in European area. The paper discusses the modern curriculum in information systems at master level that is currently under development in the Socrates/Erasmus project MOCURIS. The curriculum is oriented to the students of engineering schools of technical universities. The proposed approach takes into account integration trends in European area as well as the transformation of industrial economics into knowledge-based digital economics The paper presents main characteristics of the proposed curriculum, discuses curriculum development techniques used in the project MOCURIS, describes the architecture of the proposed curriculum and the body of knowledge provided by it.

The Semantic Web realization depends on the availability of critical mass of metadata for the web content, linked to formal knowledge about the world. This paper presents our vision about a holistic system allowing annotation, indexing, and retrieval of documents with respect to real-world entities. A system (called KIM), partially implementing this concept is shortly presented and used for evaluation and demonstration. Our understanding is that a system for semantic annotation should be based upon specific knowledge about the world, rather than indifferent to any ontological commitments and general knowledge. To assure efficiency and reusability of the metadata we introduce a simplistic upper-level ontology which starts with some basic philosophic distinctions and goes down to the most popular entity types (people, companies, cities, etc.), thus providing many of the inter-domain common sense concepts and allowing easy domain-specific extensions. Based on the ontology, an extensive knowledge base of entities descriptions is maintained. Semantically enhanced information extraction system providing automatic annotation with references to classes in the ontology and instances in the knowledge base is presented. Based on these annotations, we perform IR-like indexing and retrieval, further extended using the ontology and knowledge about the specific entities.

In this paper we make a contribution for scheduling problems solving through the web, by using web service. The XML-based modeling and communication is applied to the production scheduling activity. Therefore, scheduling concepts, like manufacturing problems and solving methods, including corresponding inputs and outputs are modeled using XML. This kind of data modeling is used for building our web-based scheduling decision support system, which works as a web service under the XML-RPC protocol. This protocol is used for invoking the implemented methods, for solving problems defined by the user, which are local or remotely available through the Internet. New methods can be continuously incorporated in the system's distributed repository in an easy and interactive way.

The planning, designing and building of roads is an extensive process that takes several years and involve several actors from industry and the public sector. This paper reports the collaboration with the Norwegian Road Authority on using the Active Knowledge Architecture approach and Visual Modelling methods to support road planning, design and building. The experience is based on the work conducted on real parts of the E6 Motorway, being built north of Trondheim, Norway. The purpose of the knowledge architectures presented in this paper is to improve collaboration and to share knowledge among all the stakeholders in the process. Road planning projects will benefit from agile collaborative networks and active knowledge bases built by knowledge models and architectures. Important lessons learned include the need for holistic design methods, instant data-driven collaboration, and agile approaches and work environments for continuous planning, design and building.

In computer science, different types of reusable components for building software applications were proposed as a direct consequence of the emergence of new software programming paradigms. The success of these components for building applications depends on factors such as the flexibility in their combination or the facility for their selection in centralised or distributed environments such as internet. In this article, we propose a general type of reusable component, called primitive of representation, inspired by a knowledge-based approach that can promote reusability. The proposal can be understood as a generalisation of existing partial solutions that is applicable to both software and knowledge engineering for the development of hybrid applications that integrate conventional and knowledge based techniques. The article presents the structure and use of the component and describes our recent experience in the development of real-world applications based on this approach.

The Out-of-Africa-Theory, as a model of the early migration of anatomically modern humans, describes Africa as geographical source of dispersal processes to Eurasia. However, there is no scientific consensus on the reason or the exact route of the migration. In this paper key challenges for modeling hominin biogeography and expansion using agent-based approaches are being proposed.

Design projects are cooperative activities in which several actors from several fields work together in order to rich a goal. The challenge is how to keep track of knowledge from daily work in this type of activity. Projects documents are not sufficient to be analysed to extract this type of knowledge. This paper presents techniques to acquire and represent knowledge from design projects. A specific approach has been developed in order to keep track of meetings and to link design rationale to organizations elements and to results of a project. This approach has been integrated to designers' environment using Product Life Cycle Tool.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is widely applicable to the diagnosis of problems and the identification of solutions to them. This review of the literature identifies key papers relating to this use of CBR. The stages in diagnosing and troubleshooting a problem are considered and the elements of a CBR system for achieving this are described. Five systems are discussed that have frequently been cited in the literature and illustrate the use of CBR in diagnosis and troubleshooting applications. 2 Elements of a case-based diagnosis application Diagnosing and troubleshooting a problem typically involves three stages.

Here we present work on using spatial knowledge in conjunction with information extraction (IE). Considerable volume of location data was imported in a knowledge base (KB) with entities of general importance used for semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval of text. The Semantic Web knowledge representation standards are used, namely RDF(S). An extensive upper-level ontology with more than two hundred classes is designed. With respect to the locations, the goal was to include the most important categories considering public and tasks not specially related to geography or related areas. The locations data is derived from number of publicly available resources and combined to assure best performance for domainindependent named-entity recognition in text. An evaluation and comparison to high performance IE application is given.

The Semantic Web realization depends on the availability of a critical mass of metadata for the web content, associated with the respective formal knowledge about the world. We claim that the Semantic Web, at its current stage of development, is in a state of a critically need of metadata generation and usage schemata that are specific, well-defined and easy to understand. This paper introduces our vision for a holistic architecture for semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval of documents with regard to extensive semantic repositories. A system (called KIM), implementing this concept, is presented in brief and it is used for the purposes of evaluation and demonstration. A particular schema for semantic annotation with respect to real-world entities is proposed. The underlying philosophy is that a practical semantic annotation is impossible without some particular knowledge modelling commitments. Our understanding is that a system for such semantic annotation should be based upon a simple model of real-world entity classes, complemented with extensive instance knowledge. To ensure the efficiency, ease of sharing, and reusability of the metadata, we introduce an upper-level ontology (of about 250 classes and 100 properties), which starts with some basic philosophical distinctions and then goes down to the most common entity types (people, companies, cities, etc.). Thus it encodes many of the domain-independent commonsense concepts and allows straightforward domainspecific extensions. On the basis of the ontology, a large-scale knowledge base of entity descriptions is bootstrapped, and further extended and maintained. Currently, the knowledge bases usually scales between 10 5 and 10 6 descriptions. Finally, this paper presents a semantically enhanced information extraction system, which provides automatic semantic annotation with references to classes in the ontology and to instances. The system has been running over a continuously growing document collection (currently about 0.5 million news articles), so it has been under constant testing and evaluation for some time now. On the basis of these semantic annotations, we perform semantic based indexing and retrieval where users can mix traditional IR (information retrieval) queries and ontology-based ones. We argue that such large-scale, fully automatic methods are essential for the transformation of the current largely textual web into a semantic web.

The rapid evolution in computing has enabled the growth of low cost wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the past few years, much research efforts has been put into view to implement the physical world with a large number of networked sensor nodes that are collaborating despite the fact of self-configuring. Wireless sensor networks produce a huge quantity of data that needs to be processed, delivered, and measured according to the application objectives. Data storage has become an important issue in sensor networks as a large amount of collected data need to be archived for future information retrieval. This paper review Semantic Sensor data Storages to find best of them and use it to control our physical world better.

This article focuses on the adaptive assessment of pre-knowledge in the context of individualised eLearning. A deterministic algorithm [3] is introduced which allows for a significant reduction of to be presented problems for diagnosing pre-knowledge. Since the competence-performance approach [12] , [13] , [14] is used for building the framework for adaptive testing, not only can it efficiently be assessed which problems a learner is able to master, but also which knowledge, abilities, and skills are available. Such an adaptive competence assessment is of importance when learning units for individualised instruction have to be chosen by a learning program. The algorithm, the competence-performance approach, and a practical example, next to a foresight concerning the planning of testing procedures are introduced in this article.

When constructing Bayesian networks with domain experts, network engineers often use the noisy-OR model, and causal interaction models more generally, to alleviate the burden of probability elicitation: the use of such a model serves to reduce the number of probabilities to be elicited on the one hand, and on the other hand forestalls experts having to give assessments for probabilities with compound conditions which they feel are hard to envision. Recently, we have shown that ill-considered use of the noisy-OR model specifically can substantially decrease a network's performance, especially in domains in which causal mechanisms include cancellation effects. Motivated by this observation, we designed a new causal interaction model, with the same engineering advantages as the noisy-OR model, to describe such effects. We detail properties of our intercausal cancellation model, and compare it against existing causal interaction models. We further illustrate the application of our model in the real-world domain of pharmacology.

Information management is mainly dealt as a research problem of information services or as a database management problem of CAD systems. In this paper several approaches to the construction information handling are discussed; information creation, transfer and retrieval. Actually, construction information management is a multidisciplinary task; a mixture of parameters of informatics, technology, and organisation. The CAD system design and the R&D of CAD systems could benefit from the development and problem solving of the problems not only common to it but also from the problem solving of the fields which are related to it. The answer for a specific information request is still best found by various means, also other than those of the ICT. Various aspects, such as 1 the type ICT, 2 the type and form of information, 3 the possibilities to understand the message, 4 information availability and gaps, 5 the purpose of information usage either scientific or industrial, 6 the type of building, for which the information is needed, and even 7 the status of the stakeholder in need of knowledge, all effect on the accessibility of information. Such means as information gateways, new media, electronic libraries, CAD (Computer Aided Design) in VR (Virtual Reality), and IFM (Integrated Facilities Management), as well as modelling of comprehension and information sharing of knowledge transformation from tacit to explicit are working for the common goal, which is to make the access to construction information easier.

Design projects are cooperative activities in which several actors from several fields work together in order to rich a goal. The challenge is how to keep track of knowledge from daily work in this type of activity. Projects documents are not sufficient to be analysed to extract this type of knowledge. This paper presents techniques to acquire and represent knowledge from design projects. A specific approach has been developed in order to keep track of meetings and to link design rationale to organizations elements and to results of a project. This approach has been integrated to designers' environment using Product Life Cycle Tool.

In this paper we present a new approach for integrating knowledge management and business process management. We focus on the modelling of weakly-structured knowledge-intensive business processes. We develop a framework for modelling this type of processes that explicitly considers knowledge-related tasks and knowledge objects and present a work ow tool that is an implementation of our theoretical meta-model. As an example, we sketch one case study, the process for granting full old age pension as it is performed in the Greek Social Security Institution. Finally we brie y describe some related approaches and compare them to our work and draw the main conclusions and further research directions.

Enterprise modelling concepts, methods or technologies have been found useful for a variety of application areas and purposes. The experience report presented in this paper is from the area of enterprise knowledge modelling with an application case in automotive supplier industries. The purpose of the overall modelling process is to create an active knowledge model. The scope of the paper are the early phases of the enterprise knowledge modelling process, called scaffolding phase and scoping phase. An important observation is the need for continuous and intertwined development of metamodel, model, modelling process and modelling team.

Active Knowledge Modeling of Enterprises Athena_AKM_EM2_slides.V1.0 Dr. Frank Lillehagen CEO AKM AS Active Knowledge Modeling of Enterprises-AKM of E Learn about the new AKM approach, dynamic model-designed methodologies and intelligent AKM Service Platforms that will give rise to new ways of designing products, building IT solutions and developing service-team organizations. Present form and possible future web-based training solutions e-learning course or web-based model-composed course with modules developed using AKM technology. Narrative summary Innovative design and knowledge reuse are the most competitive instruments of global engineering and manufacturing. Critical challenges include cutting lead times for new products, increasing stakeholder involvement, facilitating life-cycle knowledge sharing, service provisioning, and support. Current IT solutions for product lifecycle management fail to meet these challenges because they are built to perform routine information processing, rather than support agile creative work. AKM provides the approach, methodology, and platform to build industrial platforms. Industrial platforms are visual web-solutions and services for industrial collaboration, composed and configured by activating enterprise knowledge.

This paper reports on new agile approaches and methods for design modelling of collaborative networked enterprises, ranging from small manufacturing supply-chains to major public service organizations. Use-cases in selected fields have been implemented by agile modelling and holistic design of collaborative networking capabilities, and active knowledge architecture driven solutions. The active knowledge architecture is the knowledge base for collaborative planning, execution, validation, enhancement and reuse. Use-case projects are transformed from horizontally sliced, sequential activities supported by information flows to collaborative workspaces and knowledgedriven processes. Novel concepts, agile approaches, adaptive methods, open platforms, and emergent knowledge architecture-driven solutions are built and validated. The realization of agile workplaces and sustainable capabilities for collaborative networking open up for novel approaches to computing solutions. Use-case digital models to enhance human mental models and enable collaborative innovation and learning and competence transfer are implemented.

The DECOR approach to Business Process Oriented Knowledge Management (BPOKM) is based upon an extended Business Process Modelling, including automatable knowledge retrieval activities, additional knowledge management tasks and sub-processes, and additional process variables used to instruct the latter two. In this paper we present the DECOR Business Process Modelling Method and a software tool to support it. The concepts are briefly illustrated with a use case from the social security sector.

In this paper we present a new approach for integrating Business Process Management and Knowledge Management. We focus on the modelling of weakly-structured knowledge-intensive business processes. We develop a framework for modelling this type of processes that explicitly considers knowledge-related tasks and knowledge objects and present a workflow tool that is an implementation of our theoretical meta-model. As an example, we sketch one case study, the process for granting full old age pension as it is ...

Research in game based learning area is moving from traditional web-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) towards game-based learning environments, with the intention of integrating advantages of using games in university education. Important issue that requires attention is proper integration of knowledge in to game environments with the focus on reusing existing units of knowledge. This is why main topic of this paper is knowledge modelling in educational games. In our work we proposed a Model Driven Approach (MDA) to educational game development that focuses on models rather than on implementation. This provides many opportunities to primarily reuse existing resources especially when it comes to knowledge. Our work enables reusing Learning Objects between web-based LMSs and gamebased learning environments. We used a two-step process defined as the Model Driven Approach to Learning Objects repurposing whereby a Web based Learning Object (LO) is transformed into a more abstract m...

This chapter discusses how to build IMS learning designs focusing on three aspects, instructional engineering, modeling tools and graphical design techniques. First, we propose that instructional designers use a systemic and systematic instructional engineering method to build Units of Learning conforming to the IMS-LD specification. MISA, a mature instructional engineering method will serve as the basis to our design approach. Second, we present a graphical modeling tool, MOT+, and a representation technique that was created to support instructional engineering. In MOT+, concepts, procedures and principles are used to describe all IMS-LD components as well as their relationships. We believe this graphical language to be closer to instructional designers, in that it represents a more pedagogical viewpoint than software engineering graphical languages like UML, while still enabling an automatic translation from graphical models into a machine-readable IMS-LD XML. Third, we will provide an example of the design processes involved in building learning designs, from the preliminary analysis to the definition of a unit of learning method, the central part of the IMS Learning Design.

The rapid evolution in computing has enabled the growth of low cost wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the past few years, much research efforts has been put into view to implement the physical world with a large number of networked sensor nodes that are collaborating despite the fact of self-configuring. Wireless sensor networks produce a huge quantity of data that needs to be processed, delivered, and measured according to the application objectives. Data storage has become an important issue in sensor networks as a large amount of collected data need to be archived for future information retrieval. This paper review Semantic Sensor data Storages to find best of them and use it to control our physical world better.