IoT Sensors

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IoT sensors are devices that collect and transmit data over the Internet of Things (IoT) network. They monitor physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, motion, and light, enabling real-time data analysis and automation in various applications, including smart homes, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring.

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Key research themes

1. How are IoT sensors leveraged for environmental monitoring and pollution assessment?

This research theme focuses on the deployment of IoT sensor networks to monitor environmental parameters such as air quality, sound pollution, and water quality. It analyzes how different sensor technologies, architectures, and data frameworks enable continuous, real-time surveillance to support public health, urban planning, and sustainable resource management. The integration of IoT with data analytics and visualization affords actionable intelligence to policymakers and citizens for environmental protection and decision-making.

An IoT Based Environment Monitoring System

by Joyece Jane

2020, Not My Paper

Key finding: The paper presents a low-cost, accurate, and cloud-based IoT framework that monitors temperature, humidity, and harmful gases using sensors with real-time data visualization via a web application. The design employs a star... Read more

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AIR AND SOUND POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

by IRJET Journal

2023, IRJET

Key finding: This study introduces an IoT-based system integrating multiple sensors—air quality (MQ135, MQ6), sound (LM393), temperature, and humidity (DHT11)—interfaced with Arduino and ESP8266 Wi-Fi modules to monitor air and sound... Read more

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Real-Time Water Quality Mapping And Reporting System using IoT and GIS with Enhanced Cybersecurity

by SAYED ATHAR ALI HASHMI

2025, International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Key finding: This research develops a real-time water quality monitoring system combining IoT sensor data with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial-temporal water quality visualization. It emphasizes cybersecurity by... Read more

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Air Quality Prediction in Urban Environment Using IoT Sensor Data

by Nikhil S Suryawanshi

2024, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)

Key finding: The study proposes a machine learning framework leveraging IoT sensor datasets to predict Air Quality Index (AQI) in urban settings. It evaluates algorithms like Linear Regression, Neural Networks, and XGBoost with... Read more

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"IoT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN URBAN AREAS"

by Byron Oviedo and

2017

Key finding: This work designs an IoT-based architecture enabling integration of diverse environmental sensors to gather data on air pollution, noise, and meteorological parameters in urban areas. The framework facilitates real-time... Read more

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2. What are the roles and advancements of smart sensors and mini-computing devices in IoT systems for education and industrial applications?

This theme investigates the characteristics, technological progress, and educational applications of smart sensors and low-power computing platforms within IoT ecosystems. It highlights sensor properties such as integrated processing capabilities, calibration techniques, and wireless communication, along with the emergence of mini-computers geared towards cost-effective prototyping, training, and deployment in industrial and educational settings. These advances underpin the evolution of scalable, efficient, smart IoT solutions.

Comprehensive review: sensor technologies, instrumentation, and signal processing in low-power IoT

by Alexandros Gazis

2025, Academia Engineering

Key finding: This article offers a detailed overview of smart sensors focusing on their embedded data processing, calibration, and noise cancellation features that classify them as first-generation intelligent sensors. It emphasizes the... Read more

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Smart Sensors and their Applications in IoT

by IJRASET Publication

2022, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

Key finding: The paper discusses various smart sensors—infrared, textile pressure, backscatter leaf, proximity, humidity, and gyroscope sensors—and illustrates their specific IoT applications such as precision agriculture, waste... Read more

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Smart Sensors and Internet of Things: A Postgraduate Paper

by Justin Cai

2017

Key finding: This paper underscores the development and delivery of a course aimed at educating students and researchers on smart sensors and IoT, emphasizing critical aspects like sensor calibration, energy efficiency, wireless sensor... Read more

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3. How can IoT sensor networks and architectures optimize industrial processes and resource management through fog/edge computing and load balancing?

This research area analyzes the design of IoT sensor systems coupled with fog and edge computing architectures to enhance industrial and urban process efficiency. It focuses on distributed architectures, load balancing algorithms, and real-time data processing close to the data source (edge analytics) to reduce latency, conserve bandwidth, and improve fault tolerance. These approaches enable smarter resource allocation, predictive maintenance, and effective management in industrial IoT (IIoT) and smart city environments.

Hybrid load-balancing algorithm for distributed fog computing in internet of things environment

by Mehdi Manaa

2023, Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Key finding: The paper proposes a fog-to-server IoT architecture employing a hybrid load balancing algorithm that combines least connection and weighted round-robin strategies to distribute requests efficiently among fog nodes.... Read more

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Internet of Measurement Things: Toward an Architectural Framework for the Calibration Industry

by Halit Oğuztüzün

2025, The Internet of Things in the Industrial Sector

Key finding: This study presents the concept of the 'Internet of Measurement Things' (IoMT), an IIoT-based layered architecture integrating cloud services and physical equipment to automate calibration processes within industrial... Read more

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An IoT Based Mobile Augmented Reality Application for Energy Visualization in Buildings Environments

by Antonio Moreno-Munoz

2024, Applied Sciences

Key finding: The research develops an IoT-enabled mobile augmented reality (MAR) system that visualizes real-time energy consumption data of individual devices in building environments. By integrating submetering data with spatial AR... Read more

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All papers in IoT Sensors

Triboelectric signal generation and its versatile utilization during gear-based ordinary power transmission

by Kyung Hee University

2020, Nano Energy

Gear is one of the most ordinary and effective components for transmitting mechanical power and thus, it has been used in various industrial fields as a core component of machines. In this paper, the mechanism of triboelectric signal... more

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A Self-Calibrating IoT Portable Electrochemical Immunosensor for Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 as a Tumor Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer

by Ilaria De Munari and

2020, Sensors (Switzerland)

Nowadays, analytical techniques are moving towards the development of smart biosensing strategies for the point-of-care accurate screening of disease biomarkers, such as human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), a recently discovered serum marker... more

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DEPLOYMENT OF SMART STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM USING SENSORS

by IAEME Publication

2019, IAEME PUBLICATION

The main aim of this work is to reduce energy consumption and at the same time to create an automated system which eliminates manual operations that often lead to mechanical faults and breakdown of equipment. Technological advancement has... more

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Design of Electrochemical Sensor and Determining the Peak Current of Ions in Solution

by Jeya Bharathi S Ram

2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS)

This paper presents the design of electrochemical sensor for determining the peak current of ions in the solution considered. The three planar electrodes namely working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode on PET substrate... more

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Driver Health Monitoring System

by IJRASET Publication

2022, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

All over the world, most of the road accidents are occurred by driving and some rash driving due to health issues. The main concept of this paper is to prevent the road accident so to prevent the road accident we are using smart glasses... more

This system design requires Some Hardware and Software Components those are mentioned below

Figure (4) alcohol detecting sensors The alcohol detection sensors are also connected to the steering of the car these sensors will identify whether the driver is drunk or not. The uniqueness of these sensors is it will identify only the driver is drunk or not it will not check the rest of the persons in the car, because the sensor will be fixed in the steering of the car so the capacity of the sensor is up to 5-10 cm to identify the alcohol consumption of the driver alone it will also send the SMS to their driver relatives and the local police

SESS SET SERPs eee receyetant The eye blink sensor, over speed controller sensor and alcohol detection sensors are connected to the mobile app using IoT. This app connects with the device and monitor the driver and the car. Using GPS (Global Positioning System) the app sends the information to the registered mobile number with the latitude and longitude detail of the particular vehicle. These emergency numbers are registered in the app. The SMS will be sent to the number using server connected to the system.

The over speed sensors are used detect the speed of the car this sensor will check the speed limit and if the driver cross the speed limit it will reduce the speed and comes to the normal speed limit this sensors will be cutoff the fuel to the engine when the driver cross the speed limit and it will reduce the speed of the car these sensors will also send the SMS and message to the driver’s relative and it will also send the local police. Figure(5) Over speed controller

The Blood Pressure Sensor is a noninvasive sensor designed to measure human blood pressure. It measures systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure utilizing the oscillometric method. Pulse rate is also reported. ORDER CODE: BPS-BTA. Blood Pressure Sancor aqnantitv The user/driver will be connected to the server of IoT sensors which has the different modules like over speed controller, alcohol detector & eye blink sensors. This can identify the drunken driving & prevent the accident Step 1: initiate the application and check for the liquor consumption limit by the driver.

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Design and Modeling of Electrochemical Sensor for Determining ION Concentration

by Jeya Bharathi S Ram

2019, 2019 IEEE 1st International Conference on Energy, Systems and Information Processing (ICESIP)

This paper presents design and modeling of electrochemical sensor for determining ion concentration in the solution considered. The proposed system consists of three planar electrodes namely working electrode, counter electrode and... more

Fig. 6 SP of circular(top), square(bottom) shaped geometry of WE Fig. 7 SP of circular toothed(top), circular slotted (bottom) shaped geometry of WE

Fig. 3 Circular toothed and circular slotted geometry of WE Fig. 2 Circular and square shaped geometry of WE

Fig. 4 Circular sharp edged and star geometry of WE

Fig. 5 Circular zigzag and Fibonacci geometry of WE

Fig. | Three electrode arrangement of electrolytic cell [2]

Fig. 8 SP of circular sharp edged(top), star (bottom) shaped geometry of WE

ay =Concentration profiles of different geometries From equation (5), it is seen that the peak current not only depends on the concentration but also on electrode surface area and scan rate. The influence of different electrode geometry on the output current is mainly focused and analyzed by keeping the above parameters such as concentration, electrode surface area, and scan rate to be constant. After many trials, the scan rate is chosen in the range of 0.01 to 0.001 V/s. These lower scan rates produced currents even in milliamperes. It is also found that higher scan rates resulted in adsorption of species that produced a modified cyclic voltammogram graph.

Fig. 9 SP of circular zigzag(top), fibonocci (bottom) shaped geometry of WE

Fig. 10 Legends for the cyclic voltammetry graphs plotted

Fig. 12 Graphical plot of circular slotted (top) and circular toothed (bottom) geometry of WE

Fig. 13 Graphical plot of circular sharp edged(top), and star (bottom) geometry of WE

Fig.14 Graphical plot of Zigzag (top) and Fibonacci (bottom) geometry of WE TABLE II] PEAK CURRENT VALUE FOR VAR\YING GEOMETRY

Fig. 15Graphical plot of concentration swept between 0.1 and 1 mmol/L for the Fibonacci geometry of WE (top) & Legends for it (down) boundary than in the surface. This is because the bull solution reaches the boundary first and hence higher boundary (1.e., perimeter) gives more reaction and hence higher current. So, the perimeter of different geometries i: also calculated and tabulated in TABLE II. From the Table, it is seen that for same area the geometry witt higher perimeter gives the better peak current i.e., peak current output is directly influenced by perimeter 0! working electrode.

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An IoT based Smart Greenhouse Crop protection, Monitoring and Controlling System using Arduino Uno

by IJRASET Publication

2020, International Journal For Research In Applied Science & Engineering Technology

Innovation is playing significant and helpful job altogether the fields like agribusiness, mechanical segment, Medical , and so forth. Considering the Agriculture part we have to screen plants constantly. In this way, rather than... more

Fig.1 Block diagram of proposed system The propose system is planned by joining different hardware and programming advancements in to it. The proposed system utilize: Arduino Uno as a fundamental control unit and all the controlling activities and executions have been completed by this Arduino This systems utilizes different sensors to screen and control different parameters like temperature, dampness content in the soil humidity etc. and so forth GPS, LED lights Pi cam, and the sensors incorporate mugginess sensor, dampness sensor and rail sensor/rain switch as appeared in the Fig. 1. This sensor gives different readings that will help monitor and control the Greenhouse Whole system works in both automatic mode just as in manual mode. By utilizing IOT innovation proposed system additionall empowers the manual observing of green house from anyplace.

The test value of independent sample calculated by chi-square test with help of online survey analysis in that participants have facing at many times paste attack , so therefore this LED lights and Pi cam is helpful to them. Therefore hypothesis 1 is accepted. The test value of independent sample calculated by chi-square test with help online survey analysis in that participants have been seen that when heavy rainfall happens there is lots of crop damages and because of this had to face the loss in farming business in time; therefore, this Rain sensors sends alertness and close the roof of greenhouse and GSM module sends messages about plant conditions to the greenhouse owner, is this technology helpful to them. Therefore hypothesis 2 is accepted.

Calculation table for above example is given below Test value of independent sample where calculated at the significant level 95% using chi-square test. By using this test, we calculated X2 value. With help of participants, we able to test the multiple parameters in test 1.e. (Would it be helpful to know if an accident has occurred or not? If an accident occurred, would it be helpful to send a message to the rescue squad, police and to relatives?). The calculated chi value is 1.1714285714, and tabulated chi value at 95% significant level is 3.84 with degree of freedom 1.

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