Internal disease

Introduction: Internal diseases refer to the problems in the body's internal organs and tissues that it is complex or multisystem diseases processes, undifferentiated diseases processes, and single-organ disease processes, and that may be prevented, diagnosed and treated in internal diseases department, otherwise known as internal medicine department. Describing all internal diseases would contribute to identify the diseases likely to lead to increased hospital morbidity and mortality, in order to redirect priority health actions by health authorities. The objective of this work was to update our data on the frequency of all internal diseases diagnosed in patients hospitalized in the internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G.
Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection of patients with at least an internal disease hospitalized in the internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G a study period from January 01, 2016 to December 31, 2016, i.e. 12 months.
Results: During the study period, 383 patients were hospitalized in the internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G. The mean age of patients was 49.31 years. The male to female sex ratio was 0.90. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex distribution and age group (p= 0.230). Fever motivated hospitalization in 21.15% of cases (n= 81), followed by anemic syndrome in 8.35% of cases (n= 32). Concerning discharge diagnosis, infectious and parasitic diseases accounted for 21.93% of cases (n= 84), followed by endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases with 18.38% of cases (n= 70), and digestive diseases with 15.40% of cases (n= 59). Among infectious and parasitic diseases, opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection were found in 45.23% of cases (n= 38), followed by septicemia with 9.52% of cases (n= 8), and severe malaria with 5.95% (n= 5). Among endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases, unbalanced/decompensated type 2 diabetes was found in 52.85% of cases (n= 37), followed by foot wounds in type 2 diabetic patients with 17.14% (n= 12). Concerning hematological diseases, hematological malignancies were found in 56.25% (n= 18), dominated by chronic myeloid leukemia (n= 4), followed by acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (n= 3 cases each). Among digestive diseases, hepatic cirrhosis accounted for 38.98% of cases (n= 23), followed by hepatocellular carcinoma with 22.03% of cases (n= 13). Thrombophlebitis of the lower limb was the most common cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 30.77% of cases (n= 4). Among neurological and psychiatric diseases, ischemic stroke accounted for 47.62% of cases (n= 10), followed by brain tumor with 14.62% of cases (n= 3). Concerning renal diseases, Nephropathies specified or not complicated with renal insufficiency was found in 50% of cases (n= 4). Among rheumatological diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus accounted for 33.33% of cases, followed by herniated discs with 25.00% of cases. Pulmonary tuberculosis without HIV infection association, multifocal tuberculosis without HIV infection association and Lung cancer were the three main respiratory diseases.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that internal diseases are frequently diagnosed in young adults, preferably women. Infectious and parasitic diseases, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and digestive diseases appear to be the clinical situations most frequently encountered in internal medicine. Health authorities must take priority action to reduce hospital morbidity and mortality associated with these internal diseases.

In Chile respiratory diseases are the prime cause of death in infants under one year of age. Influenza is very common and produces alterations in feeding habits, digestive disorders, detention of ponderal growth, and a significant predisposition to secondary complications of a bacterial type.' In practice, one of the prime causes of hospitalization of infants is acute inflammatory obstruction of the lower respiratory tract. Generally it starts with an acute respiratory infection, with the sudden appearance of progressive respiratory difficulties, expiratory stridor, and coughing. Its pathogeny corresponds to that of edema: fibrinoid necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of the bronchial, bronchiolar, and peribronchial wall, with a great accumulation of secretions in the lumen, which favors secondary bacterial infection. This is the picture that we call bronchiolitis. It must be considered different from bronchopneumonia, asthma, whooping cough, interstitial pneumonitis, endobronchial foreign bodies, obstructive laryngitis, and acute obstructive bronchitis. Acute obstructive bronchitis on many occasions is different in its evolution, either because of the antecedents (relapse), or because of the special constitution predisposed to this disorder (exudative diathesis, overweight); the treatment is approximately the same, and it is a better tolerated condition. In general, the acute obstructive respiratory inflammatory processes include laryngitis and acute bronchiolar obstructions; according to the criteria of sampling evaluation used, they have a variable mortality rate, which in general decreases with the use of oxygen, warm moist air, antibiotics, and corticoids.2

It is necessary to distinguish between peptic ulcer and symptomatic ulcers. The latter include ulcerations of the gastroduodenal mucosa, which occur in various diseases and conditions. These are ulcers in endocrine pathology (adenoma of the parathyroid glands, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), stress, acute or chronic circulatory disorders, allergies, and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

In article characteristic of posture in 120 school-aged children with pathology of gastrointestinal organs was given. Among them: in 60 children signs of connective tissue dysplasia were estimated. In 60 patients acquired violations of posture were found. In clinic of combined pathology abdominal pain, nausea, as well as headache with dizziness was noticed. It was estimated that in children with peptic ulcer scoliosis of the II degree more often was seen. In patients with chronic gastroduodenitis and biliary dysfunction–scoliosis of the І degree was estimated.

Renal handling of magnesium (Mg) is adaptive mechanism, but it's affected when renal function declines. In moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), loss of glomerular filtration is compensated by higher fractional excretion of Mg. In more advanced CKD however, (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), overt hypermagnesemia develops frequently. Various studies show that increased serum Mg (sMg) lowers PTH, others do not prove the suggestion. Although the exact role of Mg in bone metabolism is unclear, it may have both positive and negative effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of sMg on bone mineral metabolism in CKD patients with or without diabetes. 62 CKD patients (not receiving dialysis) were divided into two groups: 1 st group (32 CKD diabetic patients); 2 nd group (30 CKD patients without diabetes). Biochemical determinations were made, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. sMg was inversely correlated with sCa (P<0.02) and with parathyroid hormone (sPTH) (P<0.05), with alkaline phosphatase (AP) (P<0.02), and with phosphate (P) (P<0.01) in 1 st group (diabetic). The CKD diabetic patients had lower serum albumin (ALB) and a higher hypomagnesemia and osteoporosis than the nondiabetic patients. sMg inversely correlated with e-GFR in the CKD patients in both groups. sMg showed higher correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 2 nd non-diabetic group (P<0.01); diabetic patients with higher sMg had a lower iPTH. The lower sMg subgroup showed a higher incidence of osteoporosis than the moderate and higher sMg subgroups did. In conclusion, low sMg may impact iPTH and enlarge osteoporosis in CKD patients, particularly with diabetes. Yonova D (2020) The impact of Magnesium (Mg) on mineral metabolism in diabetic or non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD)

General clinical examination, in the consulting room or in the out-patient department determines not only a provisional diagnosis but also provides the clinician information whether the patient needs hospitalisation and further investigation. Inspection, auscultation, palpation and percussion forms the basis of clinical examination.Whilst much has been described and discussed on the first three procedures, inspection, auscultation and palpation, far less attention has been focused on the correct method and diagnostic significance of percussion.In this brief communication we discuss the results obtained through a computerized spectral analysis of percussion sounds. It is suggested that, noting the high accuracy and reliability of spectral percussion sound read-out analysis, medical equipment designers manufacturers could well bring out a simple hand-held device which could analyse the percussion sounds to yield the most prominent of amplitude and frequency; such ready and reliable in...

Rotary is a global network of 1.2 million neighbors, friends, leaders, and problem-solvers that see a world where people unite and take action to create lasting change across the globe, in our communities, and in ourselves. Rotary's 35,000+ clubs work together to promote peace, fight disease, provide clean water, sanitation, and hygiene, save mothers and children, support education and grow local economies. "Rotaract" stands for "Rotary in Action", and is a community service organization for young men and women over the age of 18. Rotaract club of Fanos is a volunteer organization sponsored by Rotary club of Addis Ababa West. The club's main area of focus are maternal and child health, disease prevention and treatment, education and literacy in addition to community development. The pass it on project, which aims to stir up the public through books, happens to be one of the club's promising projects. This medical guide book was prepared by volunteers and members of the project who are also medical students at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Medical students go through rigorous training to be the doctors that have earned the white coat. We wanted to lessen the loads of our fellow medical students by providing a guidebook with notes compiled from many bedsides, rounds and reference books. Medical students all over Ethiopia and hopefully the world will have gained quick review from this book and will be inspired to edit and publish better medical books. On this brief book we intended to deliver a quick review on how to approach patients with some of the commonest clinical cases found in internal medicine wards. We believe students will make use of the book as a quick recap for bedsides, rounds and long exams. It is also ideal for writing thorough case reports. We tried as much as possible to make the book simple and appealing, and we very much so hope we have achieved that. If you have any questions or suggestions with regard to the book, please do not hesitate to reach out to us using our contact information below

Full authors collective: Yonova D *, Dimitrova V, , Popov, I, Trendafilov I and Tzatchev K

Abstract Renal handling of magnesium (Mg) is adaptive mechanism, but it’s affected when renal function declines. In moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), loss of glomerular filtration is compensated by higher fractional excretion of Mg. In more advanced CKD however, (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), overt hypermagnesemia develops frequently. Various studies show that increased serum Mg (sMg) lowers PTH, others do not prove the suggestion. Although the exact role of Mg in bone metabolism is unclear, it may have both positive and negative effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of sMg on bone mineral metabolism in CKD patients with or without diabetes. 62 CKD patients (not receiving dialysis) were divided into two groups: 1st group (32 CKD diabetic patients); 2nd group (30 CKD patients without diabetes). Biochemical determinations were made, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. sMg was inversely correlated with sCa (P<0.02) and with parathyroid hormone (sPTH) (P<0.05), with alkaline phosphatase (AP) (P<0.02), and with phosphate (P) (P<0.01) in 1st group (diabetic). The CKD diabetic patients had lower serum albumin (ALB) and a higher hypomagnesemia and osteoporosis than the nondiabetic patients. sMg inversely correlated with e-GFR in the CKD patients in both groups. sMg showed higher correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 2nd non-diabetic group (P<0.01); diabetic patients with higher sMg had a lower iPTH. The lower sMg subgroup showed a higher incidence of osteoporosis than the moderate and higher sMg subgroups did. In conclusion, low sMg may impact iPTH and enlarge osteoporosis in CKD patients, particularly with diabetes.

Rheaumatism is a systemic inflammatory disease of connective tissue and joints with a predominantly affected heart. Children and young adults are mostly ill: women are 3 times more likely than men. Therefore, the problem of rhemahtism I’m pregnant women is quite common.