Interaction and New Media

We describe new measurements of the inclusive and exclusive branching fractions for 2S transitions to J= using e e ÿ collision data collected with the CLEO detector operating at CESR. All branching fractions and ratios of branching fractions reported here represent either the most precise measurements to date or the first direct measurements. Indirectly and in combination with other CLEO measurements, we determine B cJ ! J= and B 2S ! light hadrons.

Instead of the often used Foldy-Wouthuysen-Tani (FWT) transformation in nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD), we take a more general relation between the relativistic and nonrelativistic onshell spinors to recalculate the quark-quark-gluon vertex for heavy quarks. In comparison with the previous result using FWT, we obtain the high-order coefficients in the NRQCD Lagrangian up to 1/m^5 , where m is the heavy quark mass.

We consider cosmological models where dark matter is universally charged under a dark Abelian gauge field. This new interaction is repulsive and competes with gravity on large scales and in the dynamics of galaxies and clusters. We focus on non-linear models of dark electrodynamics where the effects of the new force are screened within a K-mouflage radius that helps avoiding traditional constraints on charged dark matter models. We discuss the background cosmology of these models in a Newtonian approach and show the equivalence with relativistic Lemaître models where an inhomogeneous pressure due to the electrostatic interaction is present. In particular, after foliating the Universe using spherical shells, we find that dark matter shells with initially different radii do not evolve similarly as they exit their K-mouflage radii at different times, resulting in a breaking of the initial comoving evolution. In the large time regime, the background cosmology is described by a comoving but inhomogeneous model with a reduced gravitational Newton constant and a negative curvature originating from the electrostatic pressure. In this model, baryons do not directly feel the electrostatic interaction, but are influenced by the inhomogeneous matter distribution induced by the electric force. We find that shells of smaller radii evolve faster than the outer shells which feel the repulsive interaction earlier. This mimics the discrepancy between the large scale Hubble rate and the local one. Similarly, as galaxies and clusters are not screened by the new interaction, large scale global flows would result from the existence of the new dark electromagnetic interaction.

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production; the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables; quarkonia in media; and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed. v This CERN Report presents the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium physics at the end of 2004 and is a first step to achieving the goals of the QWG. The Report includes experimental and theoretical results by different approaches and different communities (high-energy, perturbative, lattice, nuclear, etc.) in a common language. The progress in the field and the impact of such progress on other areas are presented, open problems and outstanding puzzles are discussed, and the future opportunities of this field are outlined. Given the richness of the physics involved in the project, the research goals have been pursued by specifying seven main topics organized by theoretical and experimental topic conveners:

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production; the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables; quarkonia in media; and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed. v The Quarkonium Working Group was initiated in 2002 by Nora Brambilla, Roberto Mussa and Antonio Vairo, who were, shortly afterwards, joined by Armin Böhrer and Michael Krämer as the QWG conveners team. Most of the topic conveners listed above belong to the initial group of people who supported the QWG and contributed to its research programme. The CERN TH Division and CERN, and especially Michelangelo Mangano, have played an important role in the history of the QWG, by hosting the first QWG meeting and by supporting the enterprise of compiling the CERN Report. The QWG has organized three international meetings, which were held at CERN (2002), Fermilab (2003) and IHEP Beijing (2004). Approximately 250 theoretical and experimental physicists participated viii in the meetings. The organizers, participants, and supporting institutions are listed below. The third meeting was preceded by the first QWG graduate school organized at the ITP Beijing with about 100 participating graduate students. We would like to express here our sincerest thanks to all those who have contributed to this enterprise and made this document possible, in particular the topic conveners and the organizers and participants of the three QWG meetings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support from the institutions that hosted the QWG meetings. Finally, we would like to express our deepest thanks to Armin Böhrer who was of key relevance at the start of the QWG by producing and hosting in Siegen the first QWG Web page, designing the QWG logo, participating in the organization of the first two QWG workshops, and supporting in all ways the development of the QWG. We also thank E. Berger, D. Kharzeev and A. Zieminski for having been topical conveners of a topical section later absorbed by other ones. As of September 2004, Vaia Papadimitriou joined the QWG conveners team. As of December 2004, Aldo Deandrea and Xiaoyan Shen agreed to join the topical conveners team. The Quarkonium Working Group has very quickly coalesced into an active, international community of physicists working and collaborating on quarkonium physics, QCD, and the related impact on the Standard Model and physics beyond the Standard Model. Given the continuous flux of data and the order-of-magnitude(s) improvement in the statistical analysis coming and expected to come from present and future accelerator experiments, this promises to remain a very rich research area for several years to come. To fully benefit from it, we believe it is important that the community of physicists working in the field maintains a common area of discussion, transcending individual experimental and theoretical collaborations. It is our hope that this CERN Report will provide a basis for such future developments.

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production; the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables; quarkonia in media; and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed. v This CERN Report presents the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium physics at the end of 2004 and is a first step to achieving the goals of the QWG. The Report includes experimental and theoretical results by different approaches and different communities (high-energy, perturbative, lattice, nuclear, etc.) in a common language. The progress in the field and the impact of such progress on other areas are presented, open problems and outstanding puzzles are discussed, and the future opportunities of this field are outlined. Given the richness of the physics involved in the project, the research goals have been pursued by specifying seven main topics organized by theoretical and experimental topic conveners:

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production; the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables; quarkonia in media; and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed. v This CERN Report presents the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium physics at the end of 2004 and is a first step to achieving the goals of the QWG. The Report includes experimental and theoretical results by different approaches and different communities (high-energy, perturbative, lattice, nuclear, etc.) in a common language. The progress in the field and the impact of such progress on other areas are presented, open problems and outstanding puzzles are discussed, and the future opportunities of this field are outlined. Given the richness of the physics involved in the project, the research goals have been pursued by specifying seven main topics organized by theoretical and experimental topic conveners:

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production; the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables; quarkonia in media; and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed. v This CERN Report presents the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium physics at the end of 2004 and is a first step to achieving the goals of the QWG. The Report includes experimental and theoretical results by different approaches and different communities (high-energy, perturbative, lattice, nuclear, etc.) in a common language. The progress in the field and the impact of such progress on other areas are presented, open problems and outstanding puzzles are discussed, and the future opportunities of this field are outlined. Given the richness of the physics involved in the project, the research goals have been pursued by specifying seven main topics organized by theoretical and experimental topic conveners:

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production; the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables; quarkonia in media; and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed. v This CERN Report presents the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium physics at the end of 2004 and is a first step to achieving the goals of the QWG. The Report includes experimental and theoretical results by different approaches and different communities (high-energy, perturbative, lattice, nuclear, etc.) in a common language. The progress in the field and the impact of such progress on other areas are presented, open problems and outstanding puzzles are discussed, and the future opportunities of this field are outlined. Given the richness of the physics involved in the project, the research goals have been pursued by specifying seven main topics organized by theoretical and experimental topic conveners: