Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC

Aristotle first defined human flourishing theory. What he called eudaimonia (flourishing), was not a momentary state, but a condition of living a good life. Happiness, he wrote, was not limited to feeling good, but it encompassed a fulfillment of life, dreams and expectations (Aristotle 1980). After thousands of years, philosophers are still discussing human flourishing theories (Brighouse 2000, Raz 2003, and Youkins 2008). In addition, human flourishing theories have been developed in the economic (Layard

Advertising has been playing a paramount importance in all frays of life, advertising with specific reference to products and services is adjudged above all. Here in this research endeavor, we have attempted to pitch out and display various sources and chronology of advertising and facts related to it.

This study is the first attempt to approach the quality of university-business relationships based on the theory of relationship marketing and test the mediating role of this concept in the impact of perceived service quality (PSQ) on the loyalty of corporate customers. A combination of online and in-depth interview instruments was adopted to gather the data from 486 enterprises. Estimation of the structural model and hypothesis testing were performed via structural equation modeling. The findings of our empirical research in the context of researching the universitybusiness relationship in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam have determined that PSQ not only has a direct effect on the loyalty of corporate customers but also has a much stronger effect on customer loyalty when impacting through relationship quality (RQ) mediation. Current results imply that better relationship quality is likely to induce more loyal customers, given the same PSQ.

This study examines the relationships between quality of work life (QWL) and affective organizational commitment. A random sample of 273 blue-collar employees from fifty private sector organizations in northern Malaysia responded to the survey questionnaire. The seven dimensions QWL scale, and the affective organizational commitment scale were used to collect the data. The data was analysed by using the Smart PLS software for the measurement and the structural models. The measurement model analysis indicates that all the scales used in this study show acceptable levels of composite reliability, convergent and discriminate validities. Results of structural model analysis indicate that six of the QWL dimensions are significantly related to affective commitment. Supervision is the only QWL dimension which is not significantly related to affective commitment. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research also discussed.

In today's hypercompetitive and dynamic industry, businesses are always looking for ways to improve their performance and obtain a competitive advantage by using their unique features (Rudd et al., 2008). This is because an organization's ability to respond to changes in the competitive environment is largely determined by how effectively its features are aligned with its strategy (Claver-Cortés et al., 2012; Wilden et al., 2013). Scholars have linked firm performance to a variety of broad dimensions, including financial, non-financial, social, ecological, operational, and customer-related domains (Kathama, 2012; Karanja, Muathe, &Thuo, 2014), implying that performance describes how well a firm realizes the various domains in relation to set objectives (

In today's hypercompetitive and dynamic industry, businesses are always looking for ways to improve their performance and obtain a competitive advantage by using their unique features (Rudd et al., 2008). This is because an organization's ability to respond to changes in the competitive environment is largely determined by how effectively its features are aligned with its strategy (Claver-Cortés et al., 2012; Wilden et al., 2013). Scholars have linked firm performance to a variety of broad dimensions, including financial, non-financial, social, ecological, operational, and customer-related domains (Kathama, 2012; Karanja, Muathe, &Thuo, 2014), implying that performance describes how well a firm realizes the various domains in relation to set objectives (

In this study, we examine the relationship between knowledge management capability and operational agility which is an important antecedent of competitive advantage in organisations. We first set out to determine the KM and organisational agility dispositions and then tested the relationship between the two in the Kenya banking sector using data from 172 respondents from commercial banks. Data was collected using structured questionnaires that were derived from literature and tested for validity and reliability prior to their use. We found that the relationship between knowledge management capability and market capitalizing agility was weak, negative and not significant at p < 0.05 but at p <0.1 (r =-0.142, p<0.063). We also compared the mean scores of the two strategic capabilities across a set of demographic variables and found significant (p < 0.01) variation in the two strategic capabilities across age, level education, and working experience. Further, a negative and significant relationship (p < 0.05) was found between both strategic capabilities and all the demographic variables. This one of first attempt to examine the relationship between KM capability (lower order capability) and market sensing agility (higher order capability) in a developing economy context. The findings imply that KM capability has not reached the threshold to positively influence the market capitalizing agility which is necessary for superior performance and that there are demographic characteristics that impact both knowledge management capability and market capitalizing agility. It is recommended that a further examination of KM capability and market capitalizing agility be conducted to determine what aspects lead to negative relationship between these two capabilities and between them and age, education and work experience.

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

The paper seeks to establish the influence of product innovation on the performance of agency banking in commercial banks in Kenya. The study was informed by the diffusion theory of innovation. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The target population for this study was the 18 commercial banks in Kenya licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya to operate agency banking. The branch managers were the key target respondents in the study. Primary and secondary data were collected using questionnaires and a checklist guide, respectively. Reliability and validity tests were undertaken, and data collected were analyzed using SPSS software. Inferential analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study established that product innovation significantly influenced the performance of agency banking among commercial banks in Kenya. Through the introduction of new products and making improvements to the existing products, and differentiating the products from their peers in the market, better customer attraction was achieved, thus enhancing performance. The study concluded that product innovation is essential in steering the performance of agency banking, thus recommending that the commercial banks, through management, ought to uphold innovation as a way of enhancing the performance of agency banking.

Empirical Study on the Impact of Business Strategy on Annual Budget Performance 1. Introduction Business strategy is defined as all the decisions and actions performed by a business to accomplish its objectives and goals. It is also the actions taken to secure a competitive position in the market (Agbenyo, Frank & Wang, 2018). Business strategy is seen as the backbone of the business because it's the roadmap that leads to the desired goals. Researches have shown that any fault in this roadmap can result in the business getting lost to competitors (Agbenyo et al., 2018). On the other hand, budgeting is one of the central management accounting control systems (CMACS) used in generating information needed for coordinating, controlling, planning and for performance evaluation (Wael & Jordan-Al-Karak, 2016). Budget strategy and its tools are a major tool for checking business performance to ensure the implementation of managerial policies and decisions (Andrews, 2016). Budgets can be used diagnostically or interactively (Abernethy & Brownell, 1999). There have been several contingency theory perspectives that argued that there is no specific business strategy model that could help enhance the budget performance of an organization. This was emphasized that different organization pursue different goals and therefore uses different strategies to enhance the organization's budget performance (Chenhall & Langfield-Smith, 1998). Therefore, in order to improve budgetary efficiency, a business must plan and implement its business strategies th at are constantly monitored by structured systems to ensure their achievement. (Atkinson et al., 1997; Van der Stede et al., 2006). Performance can be maximized by an organization by striving to be the low-cost producer or by differentiating its line of services from those of other organizations to enhance better performance of its budgetary plans (Hartmann and Moers, 2003). An organization's strategy for maintaining high budget quality includes constant monitoring and awareness of environmental variables and classifying them as opportunities and threats (Walter et al., 2016). These business strategies involve knowing the nature of the threats of other organizations as either serious or casual thereby providing an understanding of the business environments. The impact of business strategy on the annual budget performance has been the subject of some research papers as it's a norm that budget performance can be successfully enhanced if an organization align with its business strategies and ensure appropriate performance measurement (Lee and Yang, 2011). It is proofed that business strategy is as urgent as the organization's budget itself and any waste or expenses done without following the budget could lead to the poor performance of the organization. This paper was therefore aimed at examining the effect of the business strategy on the annual budget performance among selected private organizations in Okitipupa Local Government area, Southern region of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria with the objectives of identifying the business strategy method used in such organization and compares budget performance with business growth.

Influence of Strategy Implementation Factors on Performance of Kenya Rural Roads Authority 1. Introduction Strategy is a process comprising decisions and activities executed and governed by various factors toward organization objectives (Yang Li et al., 2008). Miller (2002) stated that there is 70 percent failure in organization implementation of new strategies. A parallel study has shown that strategic plans exacting 40-60 percent are not achieved as a result of poor planning and implementation (Mankins and Steele, 2005). Strategy implementation is influenced by the following factors, namely: formulation, organizational leadership, organization structure, resource allocation, organizational culture environmental uncertainty, communication, commitment, and shared understanding. Environmental uncertainty was described by Johnson & Scholes (1999) as concerned with the dynamism and complexity of the environment and its influence on strategy implementation. When the environment is dynamic, there will be a change in environmental variables involving customers, technology, demand and supply, resources, and competition. The organizational structure shows work accomplishment, specialties, and arrangement toward the organizational mission of the workforce. Organizations must develop necessary structures that can assist them in implementing organizational strategies (Lumpkin, 2003). It provides the framework that allows for strategy implementation (Stock, Greis, and Kasarda, 1999). A good relationship between strategy and structure is essential for the implementation of business strategies (Noble, 1999). A study by Gupta (1987), which examined the connectivity in strategy implementation and organizational structure, showed that decentralized structures are more effective than centralized ones. When the organizational structure is adjusted by strategy, there is a likelihood of successful strategy implementation. Tall organization structures lengthen the chain of command (Schaap, 2006). Resource allocation is the process of distributing resources to achieve the objectives of an organization (Chen, 2002). Willingness to shift resources in support of strategic change is critical to the strategy implementation process. A successful strategy implementation process should be related to available resources in order not to develop a big resource gap. Henry (2008) shows that whereas availability of resources is necessary, left alone resources cannot be useful to an organization unless there is a configuration for organizational competencies. Resources are those inputs that facilitate the functional process of an organization. According to Bozeman and Straussman (1990), resources are classified into personnel, structure, and finance. Organizational performance concerns the organization's efficient utilization of resources toward mandate realization (Ezigbo, 2011). Analysis of organizational performance considers variables such as efficiency, effectiveness,

The study was explanatory design. A total of 380 employees and managers from 24 manufacturing companies in Addis Ababa responded to the questionnaire about SHRM practices, work outcomes and organizational performance. To analyze data, Pearson correlation, hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling were used. Findings: The findings revealed that hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling did not show the direct impact of SHRM practices on organizational performance. SHRM practices first impact work outcomes and then work outcomes affect organizational performance. Moreover, as compared to SHRM practices, work outcomes found to have highest impact on organizational performance. Recommendation: If manufacturing companies to increase their work outcomes, they should improve the compensation, training & development and performance appraisal SHRM practices. Some improvements should be on other SHRM practices such as recruitment & selection, and SHR alignment. To achieve lasting results and to contribute effectively to the success of the manufacturing companies, employees must be committed, intends to stay and satisfied. To do so, companies should change employees' behavior through a systematic set of high performance SHRM practices.

This study examined the effectiveness of storytelling advertising with focus on Gulder’s “Own Your Journey” commercial. Specifically, the study examined the pattern of exposure to Gulder’s “Own Your Journey” commercial, the attitude and perception of the commercial and the influence of the storytelling elements used in the commercial on consumer likability and purchase behaviour of Gulder beer.  Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Social Judgement Theory were reviewed for this study. Survey research method was used in gathering data and questionnaire served as research instrument. The study found out that majority of respondents were exposed to Gulder’s Own Your Journey commercial (93%) and most of the respondents were frequently exposed to it (56.5%). Additionally, analysis of data showed that majority of respondents liked and were favourably disposed to the commercial (84%); although, some did not like the commercial (10.5%). It was also found that respondents appreciated the quality of storytelling used in the commercial (57.5%). Furthermore, the results showed that majority of respondents were inspired by the storytelling technique used in the commercial (74%). However, the likeness failed to generate purchase of Gulder beer among majority of respondents (33.5%). The study concludes that majority of respondents were frequently exposed to Gulder’s Own Your Journey commercial.  Furthermore, respondents were also favourably disposed to the commercial, they liked the story of self-reliant and self-belief told in the commercial, they were inspired and drawn to the storytelling elements used in the commercial and the commercial increased their likeness for the Gulder brand. However, the likeness failed to generate purchase of Gulder among majority of respondents, although, many of them considered purchasing the brand and even said positive things about Gulder to other people. The study recommends that makers of Gulder should develop more effective advertising campaign that not only attracts consumers’ attention and capture their interest, but also lead them to ultimately buy the product. Also, it is recommended for marketers and advertisers not to over-rely on the explicit link between storytelling and audience emotive reaction alone but take a more holistic view of the role of storytelling in influencing purchase behaviour.

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Whether we realize it or not, every day we see advertisements everywhere, from billboards, malls, television, smartphones and so on. We need to know that in the advertising business also has ethics, meaning that we cannot be careless in making it. The purpose of making this article is to find out whether Frisian Flag sweetened condensed milk advertisements are in accordance with television advertising ethics and according to Islam. This research is descriptive-analytical. Based on the airing of Frisian Flag sweetened condensed milk advertisements in 2017, Frisian Flag sweetened condensed milk advertisements use visualization of the wrong way of consumption such as serving sweetened condensed milk brewed in a glass. This is not in accordance with the principle of honesty in advertising ethics because the visualization is not in accordance with the rules issued by BPOM. The advertisement makes people who watch it have a wrong perception about sweetened condensed milk that can be used as a substitute for cow's milk.

The research describes about application of principles of healing environment on women and children hospital in Central Jakarta area.Methods of research that has been done is qualitative descriptive. The analysis was performed with observation of application of healing environment's principles at three women and children hospitals in Jakarta, i.e. RSIA Bunda Jakarta, Kemang Medical Care, and Brawijaya Women and Children Hospital. The result of observation then will assess and used as a guide of the design process. It is concluded that healing environment's principles are effective to be applied to the women and children hospital. (RL)

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

New challenges resulting from dynamic changes observed in the twenty-first century are driving the evolution of approaches to city marketing communication. This article adapts the integrated marketing communication (IMC) concept for cities and develops a measurement framework and a theoretically consistent, valid, and reliable measurement tool for assessing city integrated marketing communication (CIMC). A literature review and previous qualitative studies provided the basis for conceptualising and identifying the specific constructs of CIMC, namely strategic consistency, interactivity, and stakeholder-centred focus. The research developed a theoretically consistent, valid, and reliable measurement tool for assessing CIMC. Empirical validation of the CIMC scale was conducted on data collected from a survey completed by representatives of municipal offices responsible for marketing communication in 279 Polish cities. The value and originality of this article derive from the development of the measurement framework and the new scale for assessing CIMC, which provide the foundation for further research on model solutions in this area. The measurement tool also contains subscales that can be used in research on specific dimensions of city marketing communication. The CIMC scale will assist practitioners in their decision-making processes and facilitate comparisons of cities in a local and international context.

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Abstract
This study examined the moderating influence of rewards on the link between workers' perception of performance appraisal and performance effectiveness within Ghana's growing private health organizations. Despite several studies on performance evaluation, rewards, and performance, the moderating effect of rewards in private health facilities has not been studied. The theory of feedback interaction served as the study's theoretical foundation. The study used a quantitative method by employing regression analysis (process macro 4.2 by Andrew Hayes) to analyze responses from 235 sampled participants. The findings revealed a positive relationship between workers’ perceptions of performance evaluation and rewards and staff performance effectiveness. Conversely, rewards negatively and partially moderated the correlation between the perception about performance appraisal and performance effectiveness. This study has advanced the theoretical development of performance evaluation and incentives and provided evidence that practitioners and scholars must investigate performance management in the continually expanding private health sector.

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Background of the Study The 21 st century global trend in business and industry is experiencing rapid changes (Mundia, 2014). The worldwide commerce system is evolving from traditional activities to knowledge and information based economy (Ghobakhloo, Amada & Airanda, 2012). Every business competes in two worlds: a physical world that managers can see and touch and a virtual world made of information (Rayport & Sviokla, 1995). According to Otuya et al. (2014), the corporate organizations especially the banking industry worldwide has been characterized by fundamental changes taking place in the business environment. Business activities have taken a different turn as the general consumers become more complex. Their purchase behavior is becoming more and more complex and highly unpredictable. As reported by Chartered Institute of Management Accounts

Effect of capital structure on profitability in case of Nigerian deposits money bank, which is a core business operation is the main focus of this research. For a period of ten years (2008-2017) panel data were being collected for ten deposits banks of Nigeria. Panel data were mainly collected from the financial statement. Data analysis through SPSS resulted that short-term debt to asset, measurement of capital structure is negatively associated, whereas profitability has a positive correlation with long term debt to asset. Finally, total debt to asset shows negative association with profit in a statistically significant manner. Suggestions like reduced debt financing, increased equity financing have been provided such that cost of financing can be maintained at a minimum level. Finally, recommendations for improving overall performance have been highlighted through this research.

Similar to every other crisis, financial crisis is also encompasses uncertainty and instability in markets. A financial crisis which has an impact on the entire system arises due to global issues which are basic elements of the business administration and schemes of such markets. Such issues are previously present in the system; though they must be fuelled by exterior factors such as economic recession, a financial crisis which influences many nations or the entire world, the bankruptcy of an important corporation within the system or the financial strains of such corporations in the system. The impact of economic recessions is significantly harmful to organisational implementations. Such occurrences within the system generate problems for the financial system as a whole and also disrupt the unproblematic functions of organisations along with the business endeavours in any sector. Thus, because of the materialisation of such crisis, the capability of actors in the market of borrowing and lending are harmfully impacted, resulting in the breakdown of the economy depending on the vastness of the crisis. Knight (1921) maintains that uncertainty in the economic market is essential for economic behaviour rather than the threats. Uncertainty, in reality, depicts the changing nature of business and does not signify the casual elements which steadily distribute the probability. Therefore, accurate impending predictions and forecasts are not likely determined by existing historical information. Uncertainty is associated with approaching occurrences, which probably will not be reduced to neutral prospects. Furthermore, it supplies opportunities for organisations to produce profits in significantly competitive markets. Due to recent occurrences within the international economic markets organisation and scholars must identify new strategic designs for lasting survival in recent circumstances. The recent organisational atmosphere has indeed produced significant uncertainty for organisations to handle (Allen, 2009). For this reason, organisations must make difficult choices quickly so as to adjust to varying situations. Regarding the present circumstances of business environment, it can be seen that the problems within the environment will probably increase, forming the need for organisations to decide upon things more quickly. Thus, organisations must adapt to novel pressures and situations within the market swiftly so as to manage unexpected changes and reduce strains that can occur amongst concerned individuals which contains the workforce to improve accomplishments on the whole (Allen, 2009).

When the number of alternatives and criteria is high, human mind will not be able to prioritize them. So, an Analytical Network planning techniques (ANP) are suitable for solving such problems. In this study, it has been tried to represent appropriate strategies and approaches to improve water resources management systems and to increase the employment rate of those get. In analytical network method, at the outset, clusters were determined at the base of the criteria, and then questionnaires were designed at the base of DEMATEL model, and the type of relation between elements and clusters has been examined by using EXCELL and MATLAB software packages. Then, 3 clouds of weight, non-weight and limited matrixes were formed, and the strategies were prioritized. The results show that the strategy of developing low-irrigation methods for using of irrigated agriculture, the strategies of plowing perpendicular to the slope and changing cropping pattern of cereals to the other crops for usin...

Similar to every other crisis, financial crisis is also encompasses uncertainty and instability in markets. A financial crisis which has an impact on the entire system arises due to global issues which are basic elements of the business administration and schemes of such markets. Such issues are previously present in the system; though they must be fuelled by exterior factors such as economic recession, a financial crisis which influences many nations or the entire world, the bankruptcy of an important corporation within the system or the financial strains of such corporations in the system. The impact of economic recessions is significantly harmful to organisational implementations. Such occurrences within the system generate problems for the financial system as a whole and also disrupt the unproblematic functions of organisations along with the business endeavours in any sector. Thus, because of the materialisation of such crisis, the capability of actors in the market of borrowing and lending are harmfully impacted, resulting in the breakdown of the economy depending on the vastness of the crisis. Knight (1921) maintains that uncertainty in the economic market is essential for economic behaviour rather than the threats. Uncertainty, in reality, depicts the changing nature of business and does not signify the casual elements which steadily distribute the probability. Therefore, accurate impending predictions and forecasts are not likely determined by existing historical information. Uncertainty is associated with approaching occurrences, which probably will not be reduced to neutral prospects. Furthermore, it supplies opportunities for organisations to produce profits in significantly competitive markets. Due to recent occurrences within the international economic markets organisation and scholars must identify new strategic designs for lasting survival in recent circumstances. The recent organisational atmosphere has indeed produced significant uncertainty for organisations to handle (Allen, 2009). For this reason, organisations must make difficult choices quickly so as to adjust to varying situations. Regarding the present circumstances of business environment, it can be seen that the problems within the environment will probably increase, forming the need for organisations to decide upon things more quickly. Thus, organisations must adapt to novel pressures and situations within the market swiftly so as to manage unexpected changes and reduce strains that can occur amongst concerned individuals which contains the workforce to improve accomplishments on the whole (Allen, 2009).

Worldwide, the environment of higher education is facing relentless and rapid change. These circumstances underscore the crucial role of leadership and management in maintaining morale, enhancing productivity, and helping staff at all institutional levels cope with momentous and rapid change. The Human Resource Management practices are meant to streamline efficiency and effectiveness of work in all organizations/institutions. The study aimed at establishing the influence of Employee relations as an HRM Practice on employee performance in selected public universities in Kenya. Descriptive survey research design was employed which allows the researcher achieve greater control of the study and to improve the validity of the study by examining the research problem. The target population included all the HR workers in selected public universities with a sample of 125 HR employees. Structured questionnaire was used as the main primary data collection instrument while secondary data was ob...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of branding in the music streaming industry while considering the three companies, which include Spotify, Tidal and Apple Music. Following the quantitative research methodology, the researcher survey 80 music listeners in the university. Based on the results, the responses of participants were oriented towards Spotify. In regards to the preferences of music streaming services, Spotify lied on the first preference. Meanwhile, Apple Music lied at the second number. Whereas, Tidal lied on the third number followed by a minimal amount of responses for its services chosen by the consumers. Branding has main stake in the music streaming services industry. The evaluation of branding of three brands such as Tidal, Apple Music and Spotify provide the differing results. Tidal and Apple Music have good branding and its impact on the consumer choice. However, Tidal followed by Apple Music has lower impact when it comes to compare the results and responses with Spotify.

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the purchasing power of Pakistani consumers and to recognize the key elements of branding conditions that affect consumers' buying habits against the latest fashion items. The aim of the study is to identify the importance of clothing brands according to demographic factors, including gender, income, age, and education. We applieddescriptive analysis; chi-square and correlation test were used to analyze the collected sample size of 500 surveyed real-time shoppers selected through non-probability convenience sampling bases from 40 different malls and outlets which are selected through randomly. A research questionnaire was prepared to determine the demographic factors and branded clothes preferences that have an impact on Pakistani consumer's choices.The study concluded that the demographic factor age hasa significant association with preferences of branded clothes. The demographic factors such as gender, income, and education have an insignificant association with preferences of branded clothes. The results revealed that more or less 50% respondent of all age groups agreed that brand is quite important while considering and purchasing clothes. Strong brand preferences of age group between 18-25(17%), followed by 36-45 (14%), 26-35 (13%), 46 years and above almost 10%. The correlation results concluded that the preferences of branded clothes significantly correlates with price and reference group whereas insignificantly relates with retailer efforts and promotional incentives.We further concluded that age is the vital demographic indicator for stitched garment marketers as well as reference group and price must be considered because both variables are positive and significant influences on branded clothes preferences according to our research findings.

Introduction: The misconception held by many Senior High Schools Students that Science is difficult is having a spill-over effects on many of the Junior High School (JHS) graduates. Many of these JHS graduates were not and still are not opting for science courses at the Senior High Level because they have been indoctrinated with the notion that science is difficult. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the factors that have motivated some personalities to become successful in the fields of science and use the results to encourage more JHS graduates to opt for science courses. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Wa District of the Upper West Region (UWR) of Ghana. Self-reported data were collected from 40 successful science-achievers using structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Analysis: The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA. Results: The results of the study revealed that teachers and parents in addition to role models constitute the key variables motivating personalities to read science. Analysis of variance shows statistical significant difference between the following variables: rural and urban motivational factors (mean square=1.469; F=6.723; p= 0.013); personalities who influence choice of science (mean square=17.778; f=49.231; p= 0.000); reasons for choice of science (mean square=20.069; F=49.828; p= 0.000); how respondents were motivated by parents, teachers, and classmates (mean square=19.136; F=26.310; p= 0.000); parental educational background and motivation (mean square=13.225; F=10.309; p= 0.003); suggested ways to motivate students to read science (mean square=24.544; F=28.649; p= 0.000); influence of role models on respondents education (mean square=26.678; f=24.298; p= 0.000); professions of respondents role models (Mean square=36.736; F=28.128; p= 0.000); and ways respondents managed the problems they encountered whilst in school (mean square=40.00.; F=28.148; p= 0.000).Recommendations: The study recommends that teachers and parents should collaborate when making decision regarding choice of courses for their wards. Career education must be instituted in the JHS to give students first-hand information on career opportunities to help them make informed decisions on their choice of courses. Teachers and doctors must exhibit good character worth emulating as they were identified as key role models motivating students to read science. Furthermore, teachers must practicalise their classroom teaching and learning activities to motivate students to read science.

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the purchasing power of Pakistani consumers and to recognize the key elements of branding conditions that affect consumers&#39; buying habits against the latest fashion items. The aim of the study is to identify the importance of clothing brands according to demographic factors, including gender, income, age, and education. We applieddescriptive analysis; chi-square and correlation test were used to analyze the collected sample size of 500 surveyed real-time shoppers selected through non-probability convenience sampling bases from 40 different malls and outlets which are selected through randomly. A research questionnaire was prepared to determine the demographic factors and branded clothes preferences that have an impact on Pakistani consumer’s choices.The study concluded that the demographic factor age hasa significant association with preferences of branded clothes. The demographic factors such as gender, income, and education have an i...

The objective of this research is to examine cultural influence on the general attitude of Pakistani people towards advertising. The study aims to analyze the cultural impact on attitude of people towards advertisements of brands according to product information, social integration and hedonism/pleasure, whereas power distance and masculinity as culture dimensions. Sample size includes 250 respondents which are involved directly in purchasing. It includes adults from all disciplines, house wives within the vicinity of Islamabad/ Rawalpindi and the people from different age groups and educational backgrounds. Regression is used to check the impact of product information, social integration and hedonism over public general attitude towards advertisement. And apply moderation analysis to check the impact of culture as moderating variable. Social integration, product information and hedonism have a significant impact on attitude towards advertisement. But product information has weak impact on attitude towards advertisement; whereas culture has a significant moderating effect which strengthen the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The most important limitation was the time constraint. The time was limited due to which a huge sample size was impossible to manage. The responses were taken only from Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities which restrict the generalizability of the study. This study will help marketers to advertise there products according to the culture values and attitude of the people which reflects their personality. It will also help companies to segment their customers according to their behavior/attitude towards advertisement, which in turn will help companies to gain competitive advantage and increase profitability.

Marketing Management in an industrial context became widely accepted years ago-leading to the establishment of several B2B marketing professorships of B2B marketing in the United States. This was in response to competitive pressures and a fast-changing environment that forced businesses to become more customer-focused. Many B2B organizations recognized that by adapting the concepts and practices of consumer companies to the B2B setting, they could benefit in the same way as their B2C counterparts. B2B Branding Dimensions considerable amount of marketing analysis and brand planning. However, many businesses are too busy with tactical issues and thus fail to generate the best possible results for their brands. It requires understanding of the role of marketing as being different in the short versus the long-terms, with strategic marketing and operational marketing being two distinct activities. Although branding is as much art as science, it goes far beyond cute logos and sharp package designs. It is a discipline that has the power to lead and influence; a discipline that belongs to the long-term strategy of an organization. Brand management therefore is the organizational framework that systematically manages the planning, development, implementation, and evaluation of the brand strategy. This chapter addresses all fundamental branding basics and concepts that are relevant in B2B markets.

As Gabrielle Coco Chanel once mentioned: “Luxury is a necessity that begins where necessity ends” This study concentrates on the integrated marketing communications plan of the Greek company Folli Follie (personal luxury products retailer) and how it is implemented across international culture: the expansion in China. This report was created to point out the mixed marketing communications plan for Folli Follie, in order to strengthen the FF Group reputation and motivate the end-user confidence. Key factors for this communication are International Culture and Access to Global Market. We choose to focus on these two topics, because international employees and customers need more guidelines on these specifics.  International Culture: raise awareness upon cultural differences and increase diversification rates.  Access to Global Market: to expand the awareness of the impact of the Global Environment in new emerging markets. The guidelines include: - Branding: create & use consistent m...

Fresh milk is the raw material in milk processing industries. In fact, the amount of fresh milk tend to decrease every year. PT Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) is one of Milk Processing Industries in Indonesia. FFI has 18 fresh milk suppliers which locate in DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java and East Java. This scarcity of fresh milk will affect the continuity of production in FFI. The high demands of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) and ready to drink (RTD) products constrain FFI to be selective in choosing suppliers. Due to limited amount of fresh milk supplies, optimization of fresh milk supplies needs to be carried out in order to maintain the business. It was expected that linear programming model could provide an overview of fresh milk allocation from each supplier, therefore the amount of supplier could be maintained. The results showed that FFI required only 14 out of 18 existing suppliers for producing SCM and RTD. FFI needed 30.6 billion rupiah of 31 billion rupiah for allocating fresh milk supplies budget. Post optimal analysis using the sensitivity analysis, we can see the changes in the amount of supply cost, fresh milk supplies, demand level and budget cost to get know about the permitted changes but did not affect the optimal value obtained.

In Pakistan’s most sectors of the economy, it can be seen that companies, FMCG’s and other conglomerates are now in the gradual generalization of their brands and are now even more reluctant to use them in the local context while planning on growing to other frontiers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of market reputation, brand value, promotions and customer reviews on purchase decisions of students when they are opting for a brand on the basis of its image, attributes, likeability Information was collected from students of 5 universities in Karachi via the use of Quota sampling. Utilizing this approach, a Questionnaires based on likert scale (1-5) was floated. After conducting exploratory factor analysis for validity, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability of the constructs, multiple linear regression and partial correlation was used to test the stated hypotheses, it was seen that mainstream concept of marketing and advertising, Customer reviews and a brand’s market re...

Introduction.The main purpose of advertising certain products or services is to attract customer attention and analyze the impact of advertising on customer behavior. Various studies show that there are significant links between cognitive and psychological aspects. The cognitive effect of an advertisement begins with the influence of the visual aspects of the advertisement. This research was aimed to explore the role of product advertising on consumer buying interest by studying aspects of psychology. Methods. The study design was observational analytic study that seek to see the relationship between exposure to milk mass forming muscle mass and consumer buying interest. The exploration dimensions for advertising exposure are ad frequency, ad duration and ad intensity using questionnaire. Total samples in this study were 60 people, age ranges from 18-35 years and male sex. Results. This study found as many as 70% of respondents understood the message delivered by the milk advertisem...

This project is based on data science and machine learning to predict the cost of house by collected data for housing price to analyze data and predict the cost of new house. Predicting housing cost based on three important factor which include physical condition, Concept for building and location. First we explore the data for analyzing by plotting different graph and next, split the data into training set and testing set and using different regression method to predict the price. There are various method to such this and each method has pros and cons. I think regression is one of the most important method because it gives all more insight about the data by using different regression technique to improve the performance of the model.