Institutional Work

Values are fundamental to organisations. Considered key determinants of attitudes, work behaviour and decision-making, values in organisations have emerged as a topic of growing interest among organisational scholars and practitioners. By signifying what is desirable or appropriate, values guide the choice of action. However, they do not offer precise or standardised prescriptions of actions. Organisations focusing on values work are in a better position to improve their practices and quality of services. We believe that values work serves to bridge everyday practices with the organisational purpose.

Challenges related to marketplace diversity present an opportunity to prepare students to successfully engage with diversity through innovative curricular approaches. The present research develops a semester-long course project designed to enhance students’ awareness and understanding of diversity and inclusion issues from a social justice perspective. We discuss the context of diversity issues in business schools and identify key issues affecting marketing educators. Our review of the pedagogical literature on diversity highlights the importance of a social justice orientation. Social cognitive theory is used as a conceptual framework to guide the design of a problem-based experiential project. We detail project implementation and assess evidence regarding the impact of the project. Findings suggest an experiential, problem-based class project can support students understanding of diversity from a social justice perspective. We discuss the project benefits and challenges and highli...

The article introduces a special section on public relations and neo-institutional theory where we seek to enrich research on public relations by using neo-institutional theory to describe, explain and understand the activities, processes and dynamics of the practice. By this we open up for a wider understanding of public relations, its preconditions, its performances and its consequences for shaping the social.The article starts with a discussion on earlier work in the tradition of neo-institutional theory where a lot of attention was paid to the governing mechanisms of institutions and how they control the behavior of actors. A perspective leading to some fundamental challenges where the primary objection was the over-determinism neo-institutional researchers ascribed to institutions. Taking these objectives seriously we follow more recent developments and present three streams of research – institutional logics, translation and institutional work – where agency is given a more pr...

This study explores value-creation mechanisms in an institutionally diverse social and health care ecosystem, specifically through the lenses of institutional logics and institutional work. The research context is the social and health care innovation ecosystem in Tampere, Finland, comprising actors from various institutional backgrounds. The research method is an inductive interpretivist analysis, frequently used in studies on institutional logics. The alternation between empirical data-derived from interviews (n = 21), surveys (n = 23), and memos (n = 71)-and the theoretical framework yields new insights. Specifically, the empirical and the theoretical evidence provides practical examples of value-creation mechanisms, institutional logics, and modes of institutional work in social and health care innovation ecosystems. This article is one of the few papers that integrate institutional logics and institutional work to study value creation in a diverse social and health care innovation ecosystem. It contributes to the existing literature on collaborative value creation and the social and health care ecosystem by identifying how different value-creation mechanisms are manifested as hybridity in the ecosystem and how institutional work fosters collaborative value creation. This study fills a research gap by refining the understanding of collaborative value-creation mechanisms and their institutional underpinnings in social and health care ecosystems, thereby enriching both bodies of literature. These insights promote a nuanced understanding of collaborative value-creation practices in institutionalized settings, with implications for both policymaking and further research.

This study explores value-creation mechanisms in an institutionally diverse social and health care ecosystem, specifically through the lenses of institutional logics and institutional work. The research context is the social and health care innovation ecosystem in Tampere, Finland, comprising actors from various institutional backgrounds. The research method is an inductive interpretivist analysis, frequently used in studies on institutional logics. The alternation between empirical data-derived from interviews (n = 21), surveys (n = 23), and memos (n = 71)-and the theoretical framework yields new insights. Specifically, the empirical and the theoretical evidence provides practical examples of value-creation mechanisms, institutional logics, and modes of institutional work in social and health care innovation ecosystems. This article is one of the few papers that integrate institutional logics and institutional work to study value creation in a diverse social and health care innovation ecosystem. It contributes to the existing literature on collaborative value creation and the social and health care ecosystem by identifying how different value-creation mechanisms are manifested as hybridity in the ecosystem and how institutional work fosters collaborative value creation. This study fills a research gap by refining the understanding of collaborative value-creation mechanisms and their institutional underpinnings in social and health care ecosystems, thereby enriching both bodies of literature. These insights promote a nuanced understanding of collaborative value-creation practices in institutionalized settings, with implications for both policymaking and further research.

Using our experience; f# members.of a participatory.research committee (from #ze <;ii)' Universil)' of ffcew York' Gt;.aduate Ce.nt~r .and the Bedford Hills Correction<ilFacilil)') documenting tfie impact Qf college in a maximum secu- We .ft!'.e nllt .iust 'insiders', which° denotes place ... Most of us feel acutely • responsible for.the .crimes tllat brought us here, and for the impact of our a~tio~s on others. We truly <lo feel for the public's anger about crime and feel responsible to.addresHhe legitimacy ofthat anger in -our work. But it is q.a;.d for -us ti) climb. out .of our own sense.ohe.sponsibility, to feel entitled to claim a c.ritical voice. Our work with outside researchers, who brought their senseoffreedom tQ level clear critiques of social policy, so a spoce fo1 co-constructing countllf stories under wrveilf~oce 149 long as it was grounded in the data, stretched our capacities to think the unimaginable, to be socially responsible and crlticd. (An inmate researcher.) We write together rin our experience as members of a participatory research committee d9i=umenting the. impact of college in a maximum security correctional facility to illustrate the power of Participatory Action Research (PAR) in _the constructio11 of coui:iter stories. As researchers we took serioµsly the rich potential of PAR to unearth ctit• ical voices from society's margins and to speak back to social policy. Among us, we worked to create what Maxine'Greel:!e (1995) calls 'open• fogs' where what could be, is sought; where what has been, is critiqued; and where what is, is troubled. Taken as a methodological, theoretical and ethical stance, PAR builds knowledge in these 'openings' through

Analysing qualitative data obtained from experts and technology startups in Central and Eastern Europe, we evaluate Meyer and Peng's proposition about the fading distinctiveness of the CEE region. Assessing founders' entrepreneurial journeys, practices, and problems encountered, we find that rather than being CEEspecific, tech entrepreneurs' contextual constraints and coping strategies resemble those of emerging-economy entrepreneurs. Learning and adaptation throughout CEE founders' entrepreneurial journey involves convergence to the mainstream practices associated with Silicon Valley entrepreneurs. The only undisputably CEE-specific features that we identified are related to certain personality traits and capability deficits of the founders. This suggests that the behavioural patterns that entrepreneurs developed in the institutional and cultural environment of the command economy have been transmitted to the subsequent generation: they continue to influence today's tech entrepreneurs' ambitions and abilities. Scholars' widely shared hypothesis that generational change in CEE would create discontinuity in entrepreneurial quality is rejected.

Dr Paula Jarzabkowski* Reader in Strategic Management Aston Business School Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET Email: P.A.Jarzabkowski@aston.ac.uk Dr Evelyn Fenton Lecturer in Management Department of Management Reading Business School Email: E.M.Fenton@reading.ac.uk * Contact author for any queries

chapitre 7 La Pensée Complexe : levier pour un management (plus) humaniste des organisations de santé Sandra BERTEZENE « Une idée fausse, mais claire et précise, aura toujours plus de puissance dans le monde qu'une idée vraie, mais complexe. » Toqueville (1835) En 1789, Olympe de Gouges décrit de manière terrifiante l'Hôtel-Dieu, le plus ancien hôpital de la capitale fondé en 651. Elle parle de l'effroi des femmes qui doivent s'y rendre en ces termes : « le seul nom de l'Hôtel-Dieu doit les effrayer, et lorsque leur vue fixe ce triste tableau, elles implorent la mort plutôt que les secours de cette maison. Il faut un hôpital pour le peuple, et […] on déchargera l'Hôtel-Dieu déjà trop surchargé. » (De Gouges, p. 25). Plus de deux siècles après, même s'il est perfectible, cet hôpital rêvé à l'époque des Lumières existe bel et bien aujourd'hui. Cet hôpital nous le devons en grande partie au Conseil National de la Résistance qui, pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale, intègre à son programme la mise en oeuvre « d'un plan complet de sécurité sociale, visant à assurer à tous les citoyens des moyens d'existence, dans tous les cas où ils sont incapables de se le procurer par le travail 1 ». C'est pourquoi le préambule de notre constitution révisée en 1946 indique que la nation « garantit à tous, notamment à l'enfant, à la mère et aux vieux travailleurs, la protection de la santé […] » 2 . La même année, le préambule à la constitution de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) indique que « la santé est un état de complet bien-1. Voir le programme du Conseil National de la résistance sur le site Wikisource.fr, page consultée le 10 janvier 2017 : de_la_Résistance. 2. Voir la Constitution française sur le site Legifrance. fr, page consultée le 10 janvier 2017 : . do ?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071193&dateTexte=&categorieLien=cid. Chapitre 7 La Pensée Complexe : levier pour un management (plus) humaniste des organisations de santé qui fait de l'Homme une fin en soi sans pour autant négliger l'amélioration de la performance et donc la pérennité du principe de solidarité nationale en dépit de multiples tensions et incertitudes (4).

Purpose -The purpose of this article is to address research gaps relating to agency and institutionalism in new institutional theory (NIT) and institutional work (IW) and use the critical sensemaking (CSM) approach to bridge the debates around agency, especially on issues of language and discourse, actor network theory (ANT) and history. Design/methodology/approach-A conceptual analysis of the literature is performed to discuss issues of agency in IW and CSM in organizations, and examples of empirical studies are used to illustrate connectivity, contrast and fusion. Findings-The analysis illustrates points of distance (rather than disconnect), but most importantly, connectivity and the potential for further developments between the literature on IW and CSM. Social implications-Discussion around new possibilities to focus on agency has the potential to contribute to humanist thinking about the (agentic) character of organizations and the potential for social change. Originality/value-The article contributes to the discussion of agency in the organization through a starting point (i.e. CSM) outside of NIT.

Cultural Theory’s (CT) four ‘cultural biases’ hold an intuitive appeal and empirical resonance for policy scholars as they seek to make sense of complex policy contexts. Yet research applications of CT are often hampered by superficial classifications and a lack of operationalisable measures. This article solves these problems, presenting valid measures in a ‘compass’ and ‘map’ to show how cultural patterns are both ‘internalised’ in individuals and ‘institutionalised’ in policy contexts. Key tensions here provide researchers with new interpretive tools to promote better questioning, learning and adaptation within particular policy environments, including opportunities for research impact through practical, ‘institutional work’.

This paper investigates the role of medical professionals in the success and longevity of the implementation of workplace innovation and organizational change in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Departments of two large public hospitals, in Australia and Canada, during the introduction of process improvement using Lean Management (LM) methodologies. We ask why and how doctors resist, influence or enable LM initiatives in healthcare. Using a qualitative methodology, we contribute to institutional work theory by unpacking the complex forms of boundary and practice work undertaken by key actors who effectively use their professional status and power to enable practice changes to be embedded. Our findings lend support to the importance of the involvement and ownership of senior doctors in the design, introduction and implementation of successful workplace innovation and organizational change. Senior doctors use their professional expertise, positional and political power at the industry...

Cet article présente une approche de modélisation organisationnelle et managériale d'un système hospitalier complexe intégrant à la fois des principes de modélisation système, de l'hôpital 4.0 et des mécanismes d'analyse et de traitement des données. Face à une panoplie de changements dans l'environnement du système hospitalier et de défis à relever, l'hôpital public serait dans l'obligation de faire évoluer son modèle d'organisation et de gouvernance pour répondre aux nouveaux besoins de sa clientèle/patientèle et être à l'écoute de son écosystème. C'est dans cette perspective que s'inscrit notre recherche qui vise de répondre à la question suivante : « Quel modèle d'organisation pour l'hôpital public marocain du futur face à ces changements évolutifs ? ». Cette recherche qui se veut une étude expérimentale au sein d'un hôpital universitaire marocain ambitionne l'expérimentation d'un modèle inspiré du modèle d'organisation du quatrième âge industriel qu'est le Modèle TESLA. Enfin, nous voulons à travers le présent article traiter, dans un premier temps, le contexte et les justificatifs de l'étude et dans une seconde partie, nous allons faire le point sur la problématique, l'approche méthodologique adoptée et le modèle théorique de notre présente étude.

Le développement du travail en réseau comme stratégie de changement dans les politiques publiques Par François Vedelago 1 Résumé : Le terme de réseau, aujourd'hui extrêmement répandu, provoque à sa seule évocation tout à la fois un « effet de modernisme » et, pour les acteurs, il s'impose comme une démarche obligée de résolution de problème. Au sein du système de santé, soumis à des réformes constantes qui recomposent ses différents éléments en permanence depuis une vingtaine d'années, les formes de coordinations entre les acteurs requièrent de leur part des adaptations continues. Les réseaux de santé suscitent et accompagnent à la fois ces recompositions relationnelles entre les acteurs professionnels au sein des organisations de santé. Ils constituent en tant qu'action expérimentale un atout stratégique favorisant de nouvelles formes de coopération et de recomposition à l'intérieur des différents secteurs du système de santé. La démarche de réseau consiste dans l'emploi d'une ressource nouvelle qui était à l'état informel et en partie du domaine privé des individus, à savoir la diversité de leurs liens sociaux, ou pour reprendre la notion de P.Bourdieu leur capital social, pour l'action réformatrice des organisations.

L objectif : proposer une typologie des emplois de la notion dusager et les principes théoriques qui la fonde. Résumé : la costruzione socio-cognitiva dell'utente delle politiche sanitarie Quello che è completamente nuovo da una ventina di anni, è la propensione da parte dei poteri pubblici e delle istituzioni dello stato a sollecitare, ad incoraggiare, ad organizzare la partecipazione degli utenti, superando di gran lunga la domanda sociale stessa. Le nuove disposizioni recenti sugli utenti combinano delle esigenze portate dalle associazioni a obiettivi concepiti dai riformatori delle politiche pubbliche di salute al livello statale. Si può dire che siamo in presenza di una forma di ibridazione tra le domande sociali e gli obiettivi dei riformatori dello stato. Proponiamo di spiegare questo impulso legato alla posizione " centrale dell'utente" considerando il fatto che il ruolo dell'utente è concepito, costruito, come il fattore strategico di una nuova forma di regolazione del sistema di salute. La nozione di utente-attore del sistema di salute ci appare subito molteplice, secondo il livello della realtà di riferimento (professionale, politica, gruppi di pari, ecc.) e noi possiamo costruire dunque una tipologia dall'impiego di questa nozione. Permetterà di rivelare gli orientamenti strategici che riguardano la trasformazione profonda del sistema di salute ed i nuovi ruoli dei pazienti nella loro propria presa in carico delle cure.

Dans une approche traditionnelle de sociologie politique il apparait paradoxal que l&#39;Etat et ses services sollicitent les beneficiaires des politiques publiques, afin qu&#39;ils expriment leurs attentes, leurs souhaits, leurs priorites bref, leurs revendications a l&#39;egard meme de ses propres services. On peut donc s&#39;interroger fortement sur les raisons pour lesquelles l&#39;Etat sollicite vivement la participation des usagers, alors que, excepte certaines associations, ces derniers ne semblent pas la demander ou l&#39;exiger massivement et expressement ? Ce qui est tout a fait nouveau depuis une vingtaine d&#39;annees, c&#39;est la propension de la part des pouvoirs publics et des institutions de l&#39;Etat a solliciter, a encourager, a organiser la participation des usagers, en allant au-dela de la demande sociale elle-meme. Ainsi, dans certains cas, nous serions plutot en presence d&#39;une forme d&#39;hybridation entre les demandes sociales et les objectifs des reform...

Le développement du travail en réseau comme stratégie de changement dans les politiques publiques Par François Vedelago 1 Résumé : Le terme de réseau, aujourd'hui extrêmement répandu, provoque à sa seule évocation tout à la fois un « effet de modernisme » et, pour les acteurs, il s'impose comme une démarche obligée de résolution de problème. Au sein du système de santé, soumis à des réformes constantes qui recomposent ses différents éléments en permanence depuis une vingtaine d'années, les formes de coordinations entre les acteurs requièrent de leur part des adaptations continues. Les réseaux de santé suscitent et accompagnent à la fois ces recompositions relationnelles entre les acteurs professionnels au sein des organisations de santé. Ils constituent en tant qu'action expérimentale un atout stratégique favorisant de nouvelles formes de coopération et de recomposition à l'intérieur des différents secteurs du système de santé. La démarche de réseau consiste dans l'emploi d'une ressource nouvelle qui était à l'état informel et en partie du domaine privé des individus, à savoir la diversité de leurs liens sociaux, ou pour reprendre la notion de P.Bourdieu leur capital social, pour l'action réformatrice des organisations.

MOLINERO-DEMILLY Valérie| Contribution à l'étude des effets du management de la qualité sur le bien-être au travail et la performance dans un laboratoire de recherche 3 REMERCIEMENTS À ma famille et mes ami-es Parce que ce travail de thèse est le résultat d'un travail collectif et collaboratif, je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont permis son aboutissement. J'adresse tout d'abord mes sincères remerciements à Monsieur Jean-Pierre Renou, directeur de l'IRHS pour avoir accepté de me donner l'opportunité de réaliser ma thèse en parallèle de mon travail d'ingénieure. J'exprime toute ma reconnaissante à Monsieur Abdérafi Charki pour avoir accepté de m'encadrer et de m'accompagner dans ce sujet difficile et pluridisciplinaire puisqu'il fait appel à trois disciplines ; la qualité, la psychologie du travail et le management. Je remercie Mesdames Christine Jeoffrion et Barbara Lyonnet pour leur co-direction et co-encadrement tout le long de mon travail de recherche. Lorsque j'ai débuté mon doctorat, je n'avais pas les prérequis nécessaires dans les trois disciplines sus-mentionnées. Mes encadrants n'ont pas eu peur de se lancer avec moi dans cette aventure à la croisée des chemins et de prendre le risque de sortir des sentiers battus. Ils m'ont fait confiance, se sont rendus disponibles, m'ont encouragée et proposé des critiques exigeantes et toujours constructives. La réalisation de ce mémoire est bien le fruit d'un travail collectif et c'est grâce à leur soutien et à leur implication que ces six années de thèse ont été particulièrement constructives et enrichissantes. J'adresse mes sincères remerciements à Monsieur Jean-Michel Galharret, enseignant en statistiques à l'Université de Nantes, pour sa patience, sa pédagogie et toute l'aide qu'il m'a apportée pour le traitement statistique des données. Ce fût un honneur d'apprendre à leurs côtés. Je remercie vivement Christine Baudassé, responsable qualité au CIRAD, Isabelle Calard, qui a été responsable Qualité à l'INRAE, Catherine Chevalier, responsable qualité à l'INSERM, Corinne Guimier, responsable qualité à la Station Nationale d'essais de Semences et Elisabeth Moreau qui a été responsable qualité à l'INSERM qui m'ont aidée à construire et à valider la partie « Qualité » du questionnaire pour mener l'enquête effectuée dans le cadre de cette thèse. Je remercie toutes les personnes que j'ai sollicitées pour augmenter le nombre de réponses à mon questionnaire, tout particulièrement les membres du comité de pilotage, Géraldine Anthoine, adjointe à la direction du Laboratoire de la Santé des végétaux, Valérie Raymond, directrice de l'unité SifCIR, Cécile Mézière, ingénieure et assistante de prévention à MOLTECH-Anjou, Valérie Bonnin, technicienne MOLTECH-Anjou et assistante de prévention Parce que ce travail de thèse est le résultat d'un travail collectif et collaboratif, je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont permis son aboutissement. MOLINERO-DEMILLY Valérie| Contribution à l'étude des effets du management de la qualité sur le bien-être au travail et la performance dans un laboratoire de recherche 4 MOLINERO-DEMILLY Valérie| Contribution à l'étude des effets du management de la qualité sur le bien-être au travail et la performance dans un laboratoire de recherche 5 Sommaire MOLINERO-DEMILLY Valérie| Contribution à l'étude des effets du management de la qualité sur le bien-être au travail et la performance dans un laboratoire de recherche 8 MOLINERO-DEMILLY Valérie| Contribution à l'étude des effets du management de la qualité sur le bien-être au travail et la performance dans un laboratoire de recherche MOLINERO-DEMILLY Valérie| Contribution à l'étude des effets du management de la qualité sur le bien-être au travail et la performance dans un laboratoire de recherche 51 9. Bibliographie

The construct of a 'people professional' denotes individuals who manage and improve the workforce of an organization. The process would involve a human resource manager, a learning and development specialist, and an organisational development consultant. The activities and behaviours of a people professional are diverse yet core to the proper functioning of any organisation. These professionals engage in talent acquisition, performance management, employee relations, learning and development, and organisational design.

Entrepreneurship has become a prominent educational path for university students from all backgrounds and disciplines. This has led to a rise in university-operated entrepreneurial courses and student incubator
programs. University incubator programs, through deep business partnerships, can significantly improve the student experiences and outcomes. However, while the importance of recruiting, engaging, and
harnessing these business partnerships is recognized, there is limited knowledge regarding the specific strategies, tactics, and ideas to achieve this. Drawing from a qualitative pilot study encompassing five ecosystems, university incubator Entrepreneur Support Programs (ESP) are approached as the central component of a local entrepreneurial ecosystem. With a focus on the synergy of its actors, factors, and crucial stakeholder alignment, this paper delves into the prospects for enhanced business partnerships. It outlines eleven benefits and provides five practical suggestions for initiating and fostering these crucial relationships. An end-to-end process flowchart is provided to help navigate the steps of engaging local businesses in university entrepreneurship programs. Also included is a detailed twenty-one-component ESP design canvas, with three essential elements identified and explained. The paper closes with sixteen actionable insights, strategies, and tactics to improve student incubator ESP design and operations.

Around the world, voluntary programs are an increasingly prevalent regulatory instrument in governing nonprofit organizations. But accounts of mechanisms driving nonprofits' participation in those programs are underdeveloped. This article combines and expands insights from voluntary regulation and institutional work theories to examine the impact of government's informal relational work on nonprofits' regulatory participation. Drawing on interviews and survey data from a random sample of 203 nonprofits in Shenzhen, China, the authors study the country's pioneering government-sponsored voluntary accreditation program and its varying receptions among nonprofits. The empirical analysis shows that politically embedded nonprofits, those with closer organizational connections with the local government, are more likely to participate in accreditation. Since government agencies rely on existing regulatory networks to conduct relational work at both organizational and personal levels to persuade or cajole nonprofits to participate, they tend to direct their recruitment efforts towards more politically embedded nonprofits. However, these targeted recruitment practices may generate reactions much more complicated than the dichotomy of acceptance versus resistance, which ultimately facilitates some nonprofits seeking accreditation while deterring others.

Distribution Systems Operators (DSOs) are key players in the design and development of a Local Energy System (LES). These systems need to adapt to the fast replacement of fossil fuels by Renewable Energy Sources (RES). With regard to this energy transition, the all-electric system is one of the potentially sustainable, future LESs. However, DSOs face problems in the development of such systems in relation to their role. They wonder how they must adapt their current design process in order to better facilitate energy transition and include values such as participation and the distribution of costs and benefits, which are seen as important by residents and other stakeholders. The purpose of this research is to consider the role of values in the design process of LES by using a value sensitive design method. A case study was set up in a newly built Dutch all-electric neighbourhood using electric heat pumps. Ten semi-structured interviews were held with DSOs' representatives and other experts. The study resulted in a description of the current and desired design process in the light of the DSOs' three core values: reliability, affordability and sustainability. We conclude that these are substantive values that relate to the technological artefact. However, four procedural values appear to be of importance too: participation, communication, trust between parties, and distribution of costs and benefits. A value based design approach for LES enables DSOs to better facilitate energy transition. In order to reach this, DSOs, (urban) planners, policymakers, real estate developers and residents have to cooperate in a transparent way during earlier phases in urban planning. More flexibility in the financial structure of investment and operational costs and benefits is required in order to enable future proof energy systems like all-electric neighbourhoods.

This Special Issue's aim is to take stock of the existing research in marketing that refers to institutional theory and provide insights on how extending dialogue can further enrich marketing research as well as provide new insights for institutional theory. Reviewing the existing literature and the published articles in this Special Issue allows to isolate limitations and to point to four directions for future research.

Cette note de recherche propose de prendre en compte les ressources et les compétences impliquées dans le travail institutionnel. En partant de la littérature existante nous identifions quatre phases du travail institutionnel. Pour chacune de ces phases nous identifions l’usage de ressources et de compétences utiles à leur bon déroulement. Les problèmes posés, et les perspectives de recherche futures ouvertes, par un rapprochement entre approche par les ressources et les compétences et théorie néo institutionnelle sont également discutés.

Entrepreneurship policies are now widely spread among the general policy agenda in most of the countries. In particular, emerging countries started to focus on startups and young firms as potential engines of economic growth and structural transformation. Therefore, several governments from these countries are devoting significant efforts to develop their entrepreneurial ecosystems and promote the emergence of new dynamic firms. However, data on entrepreneurship in these countries is scarce leaving policymakers without a clear evidencebased platform for designing their policies and programs. This paper tries to contribute to this task in two manners. First, it presents a systemic conceptual approach to guide the design of entrepreneurship policies that explicitly includes the structural factors acting act as barriers in less developed contexts. Secondly, Based on the information from the IDE (Index of Dynamic Entrepreneurship) this study advances into the characterization of six different configurations of systemic conditionsthree of which include emerging countriesanalyzing their main strengths and weaknesses. Hence, this article provides a new evidence-based platform to identify and discuss the heterogeneity among ecosystems in emerging countries and suggests several policy recommendations for those governments that want to implement new entrepreneurship policies. At the same time, they introduce to the literature new concepts such as 'systemic balance' and 'dual ecosystems', which serve to characterize most of the observed configurations of systemic conditions for entrepreneurship in less developed regions. All in all, the results of this study would serve to guide policymakers to formulate their policies in a more contextualized framework.

Independent oversight bodies such as the PCAOB in the U.S. and the POB in the U.K. pervade the international accounting regulatory environment. Their existence has been hailed as marking an end to self-regulation of the accounting profession. This paper examines how, and with what effect, individuals within one such oversight body attempted to reconfigure the regulatory field of accounting in Ireland. We mobilise the concept of institutional work to theorise the interrelated nature of the forms of institutional work these individuals engaged in as they sought to realise regulatory change. The paper advances prior theorisations of the recursive relationship between different forms of institutional work and patterns of institutional change and stability. We unveil a more refined, nuanced categorisation of institutional work within efforts to instigate regulatory change. We show how specific forms of institutional work interact and mutually reinforce or displace one another as regulators seek to establish power and legitimacy in a regulatory field. The role and nature of work rejectionwhereby regulators initially reject certain forms of work but later embrace themis unveiled within a change process where shifting regulatory logics both shape and are shaped by the forms of institutional work undertaken. The paper provides a counterpoint to prior research by illustrating how socio-political factors enabled more than constrained the impact of the institutional work undertaken by individuals within an independent oversight body. It concludes with a call for research focusing on how targets of regulation in accounting engage in institutional work as they respond to efforts to restrict their autonomy.

Institutional theory emphasizes the institutional constraints that render radical innovations illegitimate, but fails to explain how such innovations might succeed. Adopting a micro-institutional perspective, this paper addresses why and how embedded agency may overcome legitimacy crises within established systems. Drawing on a sample of 20 legitimacy problems identified in five radical innovation trajectories at two mature companies, we develop an empirically grounded theory of the institutional work through which proponents legitimize radical innovations within established firms. This theory describes a variety of micro-institutional affordances that enable different strategic responses to legitimacy crises. We thus extend institutional theory by explaining embedded agents’ use of a range of options to pursue radical innovation, providing a robust explanation of both institutional stability and radical change.

fr 3 La notion d"agent est préférée à celle d"acteur dans ce texte, sauf citation. La raison en est la remarque de Bourdieu selon laquelle la notion d"acteur renvoie au paradigme de l"individualisme méthodologique et celle de sujet au structuralisme. Se situant entre ces deux termes, la notion d"agent permet de rendre compte des capacités d"action sans nier l"influence de la socialisation et des pratiques sociales. Dans ce cadre l"utilisation de la notion d"agent pour étudier les entrepreneurs institutionnels apparaît presque nécessaire.

Sustainable entrepreneurship contributes to solving social and environmental problems through the means of successful for-profit businesses. This paper contributes to understanding how sustainable entrepreneurship is implemented by exploring an emerging new form of business, 'B Corps', that employs market tactics to address social and environmental issues. Through interviewing 14 B Corps, the exploratory research study found that B Corps treat profit as a means to achieve positive societal ends, they regard the B Corp model as a tool for change, the B Corp model provides a common collective identity for internal and external validation, they are focused on societal impact rather than maximizing profits and they attempt to legitimate this form of sustainable entrepreneurship by influencing the business community and government officials.

Coordination, and the lack of it, is frequently ascribed as a key role in successful and less successful building processes. Over the last four decades, the understanding of coordination has shifted from emphasizing formal structures to emphasizing informal mechanisms. A review of four articles shows this development as well as how the formal and informal structures and mechanisms relate. The review is done from a perspective of a large design-build project in Denmark. The review indicates, that formal and informal coordination mechanisms alone are not sufficient to explain coordination in practice. The main coordination mechanisms discussed are mutual adjustment, direct supervision, standardization, relational coordination, adaptive capacity, and IT as a tool to accomplish task and impose a chronological rhythm and schedule on the work processes. From this point of departure a new set of coordination mechanisms for practice is developed rooted in current institutional theory. The mechanisms are internal building of an institution and external building of relationships between a number of institutions. The conclusion is that existing literature on coordination does not fully describe the complexity of coordination in an institutionalised design-build organisation and that a new set of coordination mechanisms rooted in institutional theory contributes to our understanding of complex coordination.

Institutional work includes all kinds of psychosocial assistance that offers, to people that need them, living environments and immediate environments adapted to their age, problems, disorders, and state. The diversity and dilemmas of institutional work represent the central theoretical discourse that the authors are researching in the explanations of the total institution, the exact answers regarding the help the youth that involuntarily find themselves in such institutions receive. The continued development of the discourse logically proceeds into deinstitutionalisation. Semi-structured interviews of adults that have spent their youth in such institutions represent the empirical part of the research. Extreme psychosocial pressures make the youth deviate away from goal orientation and the purpose of the institutions’ operations. So, additionally, the authors have gathered a collection of good and bad experiences to bring attention to the many imperfections that should not be self-e...

Children and adolescents with behavioural and emotional disorders are very inconsistently placed in juvenile educational institutions. For some, it is the case of stable and consistent long-term difficulties, for others, one incident of escalation of deviant beaviour is enough to make placement in a juvenile educational institution an option. The article deals with the underlying causes behind behavioural and emotional disorders in children and adolescents on the premise that they have decisive influence on the child or adolescent's placement into extra-familial care-a juvenile educational institution, a youth home or a residential group.

Agency and institutions are essential concepts within institutional theory. In this Perspectives issue, we draw on a select group of Organization Studies articles to provide an overview of the topic of agency and institutions. We first consider different ways of defining agency and institutions and examine their implications for institutional theory. We then analyse the relationship of actors and institutions through four lenses – the wilful actor, collective intentionality, patchwork institutions and modular individuals. Our analysis leads us to dissociate agency from individuals and view it as a capacity or quality that stems from resources, rights and obligations tied to the roles and social positions actors occupy. Roles and social positions are institutionally engineered. It is social actors qua occupants of roles and positions (not individuals) that enter the social ‘stage’ and exercise agency.

The act of building typically results in significant consumption of land and natural resources through both construction and building use, as well as the production of both indoor air pollution and landfill waste. Yet green building, which reduces these negative environmental impacts, still constitutes a minority of building practices despite its rapid increase in popularity. Significant technical and economic hurdles to green building have been overcome, but societal barriers remain that include norms, values, and expectations of what is "the right thing to do" when designing and constructing a building. Little is known about how emergent concerns such as green building influence and disseminate through fragmented fields such as building design and construction, where a multiplicity of required actors coordinate their work among multiple meaning systems, backgrounds, and traditions. To address this gap in knowledge, I use an inductive, qualitative approach to examine the engagement of individuals who bring multiple values and meanings to their material practices, using the following three research questions: How is the professional jurisdiction of new tasks determined in an emergent field? How do actors negotiate situations of institutional complexity? How can managers better prepare for emergent expectations? My data suggest that (a) the determination of professional jurisdiction over new green building tasks relies on the non-material professional resources of expertise, interest, voice, and time; (b) a limited set of institutional orders structure society, and exist in a distinct hierarchy for each individual, organization, and profession. The execution of a green building requires advocates who view green building practices as a method to achieve high worth within the orders they value highly; and (c) emergent expectations such as green building become central to a manager's concern when advocates for green practices gain the triple characteristics of power, legitimacy, and urgency. These findings provide an enhanced understanding of the social barriers to green building, as well as how multiple values and emergent meanings are negotiated by professionals in a fragmented industry.

OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works. Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to

Performance management practices are used by organizations to monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational processes. However, how National Sport Organizations adopt and implement these practices is still unknown. To fill this gap, this research investigates how and why performance management practices are adopted and implemented by National Sport Organizations. Data was collected from documents, 31 semi-structured interviews and five focus group meetings held with 14 Botswana National Sport Organizations and 10 of their stakeholders. The results indicate that stakeholders and individuals within National Sport Organizations play different roles in the creation and maintenance of performance management practices. This information can help sport managers to improve how they implement performance management practices, ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of their organizational processes and the satisfaction of their stakeholders.

Infrastructure systems are facing sustainability challenges but are locked into their current practices. Transitions studies aims to understand trajectories towards new socio-technical regimes and argue for agency-centric perspectives to explain processes of change. This paper adopts an institutional lens, examining the institutional creation processes needed for maturing innovations within established systems. Three innovations in Melbourne's water system were selected as empirical cases: desalination, wastewater recycling and stormwater harvesting. Each had a different institutional alignment with the established regime and different trajectories between key stages of maturity, from pre-niche to niche, niche-regime and regime. The paper examines the purposes and types of institutional work undertaken to support each stage: cultural-cognitive, normative and regulative. Their trajectories were influenced by the regime alignment and characterised by maturation speed, institutional work undertaken and limiting conditions for further maturation. Cross-case comparison enabled derivation of hypotheses on the linkage between institutional work and innovation maturity.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the performance based budgeting (PBB) in Telecommunication Company of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The participants of the study include 96 managers, vice-managers and employees of financial, administrative and budgetary units of the company. The tool for data collection in this study was a questionnaire that has 53 questions which was distributed after proving its validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaire, the data obtained were summarized and classified using descriptive statistical methods and in order to test the research hypotheses, SPSS, Excel and TOPSIS software were used. The results showed that environmental, administrative and operational controls are requirements of PBB and its noncompliance in organizations is a barrier in ABB implementation. From the aforementioned factors, environmental factors are the most influential and executive and control factors go in next, respectively.

This scholarly work delves into the intricate realm of megaprojects, characterized
by their colossal scale, complexity, and societal impact. It offers a comprehensive
analysis of the multifaceted challenges that confront these ventures,
spanning stakeholder conflicts, environmental, social, and economic sustainability
concerns, and the unique characteristics of each project. The book presents
a structured exploration, spanning seven chapters, which combine theoretical
frameworks and empirical insights. It elucidates the fundamental
components essential for sustainable megaproject management, emphasizing
the significance of social responsibility. It establishes a crucial link between
critical infrastructure and sustainable development, unraveling paradoxes.
Furthermore, it scrutinizes the state of research in the field, highlights critical
areas in accounting studies within the context of megaprojects, and identifies
emerging research trends. The book concludes by examining a specific case
study of a transnational megaproject. In sum, this scientific endeavor aims to
address the pressing challenges of sustainable megaproject management, providing
a holistic and systemic approach that accounts for all dimensions of
sustainability and inclusive stakeholder engagement. It contributes to the
evolving discourse on the governance and management of transnational
megaprojects in a dynamically changing world.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the performance based budgeting (PBB) in Telecommunication Company of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The participants of the study include 96 managers, vice-managers and employees of financial, administrative and budgetary units of the company. The tool for data collection in this study was a questionnaire that has 53 questions which was distributed after proving its validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaire, the data obtained were summarized and classified using descriptive statistical methods and in order to test the research hypotheses, SPSS, Excel and TOPSIS software were used. The results showed that environmental, administrative and operational controls are requirements of PBB and its noncompliance in organizations is a barrier in ABB implementation. From the aforementioned factors, environmental factors are the most influential and executive and control factors go in next, respectively.

REFIRI-51; No. of Pages 10 Revue francophone internationale de recherche infirmière (2016) xxx, xxx-xxx Disponible en ligne sur ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com CLINIQUE /Étude qualitative Clarification de concept : la coordination appliquée au domaine des soins Concept clarification: Coordination applied to healthcare Anne Fishman-Bosc (MSc) (infirmière experte en soins intensifs) a, * , Enzo Leveau (MSc) (infirmier en soins de santé primaire) b , Sylvie Crelerot-Klopfenstein (MSc) (infirmière anesthésiste) c , Stéphanie Gentile (PU-PH) d,f , Sébastien Colson (PhD) (infirmier puériculteur) d,e a Forma-soins, formation et projet en sciences infirmières,

This paper is basically about the ongoing interactions of two persons, situated in the same office, regarding the question of how to map the actual dynamics of what in a neo-institutional perspective is designated as organisational fields. In their efforts, both persons also interacted directly or indirectly with a whole range of other persons as, for instance, the authors of various journal articles and seminar students of the bachelor degree in social and educational sciences at the University of Luxembourg. The paper is written in a narrative style, as it retraces the train of thought and action leading to a first formulation of what they have, to put it in the terms of Wagner (1981), invented and covenanted as being an hermeneutics of scaling 1. This process might, retrospectively, be best described as a process of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction. In this sense, the present paper has to be seen as a temporary materialisation of ideas being exchanged in an ongoing interaction process taking on a certain pattern which, on the long run, eventually materialises in a more or less formalised network. 1. Construction: Visualising entities, mapping organisational fields The first moment of "construction" was deeply rooted in neo-institutional thinking, not least because of our initial motivation residing in the development of an interview-based, comprehensive field mapping methodology aiming at informing various stakeholders of the so-called social service sector about ongoing dynamics related, amongst others, to conflicting rationalities or logics of thinking and action. 1 The authors are perfectly conscious about the irritations they might provoke for the reader with their writing style. In the further development of their argument, it will become more and more obvious that proceeding in such a manner is a consequence of their theoretical perspective or scale. Indeed, they consider that collective scientific papers are narratives of variable scale about what is going on inside and between themselves.