Inorganic Compound

The electrochemical combination of the paramagnetic anion [Cr(NCS) 6 ] 3-with the organic p-donors bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) and 4,5-bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)-4',5'-ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene (DHET-EDTTTF) leads to two new radical cation salts, namely (ET) 4 [Cr(NCS) 6 ]•PhCN (1) and (DHET-EDTTTF) 2 (NEt 4 )[Cr(NCS) 6 ] (2). Both have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, magnetic and resistivity measurements. The structure of 1 consists of alternating inorganic layers generated by the anions and organic layers in which the PhCN molecules are inserted; the organic sub-lattice is built up from four different ET units, three of them with a charge distribution of +1, the fourth being neutral. The organic sub-lattice of 2 contains a centrosymmetric [(DHET-EDTTTF • ) 2 ] 2+ dimer, in which the overlap mode is of the eclipsed type. Conductivity measurements indicate that compounds 1 and 2 are semiconductors with room temperature conductivities of 1.4 × 10 -2 and 6.1 × 10 -5 S cm -1 and activation energies of 0.24 and 0.23 eV, in 1 and 2, respectively. For both salts, magnetic measurements indicate (i) that the organic and inorganic parts are magnetically independent, and (ii) that the organic units are antiferromagnetically coupled.

Results of Rietveld refinement for indium nitride data collected in the temperature range 105-295 K are presented. Acicular microcrystals of indium nitride prepared by reaction of liquid indium with nitrogen plasma were studied by X-ray diffraction. The diffraction measurements were carried out at the Swiss-Norwegian Beamline SNBL ͑ESRF͒ using a MAR345 image-plate detector. Excellent counting statistics allowed for refinement of the lattice parameters of InN as well as those of the metallic indium secondary phase. In the studied temperature range, the InN lattice parameters show a smooth increase that can be approximated by a linear function. Lattice-parameter dependencies confirm the trends indicated earlier by data measured using a conventional equipment. The relative change of both the a and c lattice parameters with increasing the temperature in the studied range is about 0.05%. The axial ratio slightly decreases with rising temperature. The experimental value of the free structural parameter, uϭ0.3769͑14͒, is reported for InN for the first time. Its temperature variation is found to be considerably smaller than the experimental error. The thermal-expansion coefficients ͑TECs͒, derived from the linearly approximated lattice-parameter dependencies, are ␣ a ϭ3.09(14)ϫ10 Ϫ6 K Ϫ1 and ␣ c ϭ2.79(16)ϫ10 Ϫ6 K Ϫ1 . The evaluated TECs are generally consistent with the earlier data. For the present dataset, the accuracy is apparently higher for both, the lattice parameters and thermal-expansion coefficients, than for the earlier results. The refined lattice parameter c In of the indium secondary phase exhibits the known strongly nonlinear behavior; a shift ͑⌬T equal about Ϫ50 K͒ of the maximum in c In ͑T͒ dependence is observed with respect to the literature data.

This study was to investigate the catalytic effect of inorganic compositions present in fly ash carbons, high-unburned-carbon content fly ashes from coal-fired power plants, on the development of surface area during steam activation. Through this work, the relationships between the concentrations of alkali metals (Na and K) and a mixture of metals, Na-K-Ca and Na-K-Fe, in fly ash carbon and the surface areas of the produced activated carbon were studied. Six fly ash carbons were selected as feedstocks for activated carbon. SEM/EDS studies showed that there are two groups of inorganic particles present in fly ash carbons, in terms of the way they are associated with carbon particles: inorganic particles that exist as free single particles, and inorganic particles that are combined with the carbon particles. A series of froth flotation tests was conducted to separate the individual inorganic particles from the fly ash carbons. The concentration of the inorganic particles was analyzed using ICP-AES before and after froth flotation separation. Studies showed that the Na-K, Na-K-Ca, and Na-K-Fe which are combined with carbon particles had catalytic effects on the development of the surface areas of activated carbons. The higher the concentration of these catalytic particles, the more significant effects they had on the development of the surface areas with increasing carbon burn-off levels.

Doping of traditional semiconductors has enabled technological applications in modern electronics by tailoring their chemical, optical and electronic properties. However, substitutional doping in two-dimensional semiconductors is at a comparatively early stage, and the resultant effects are less explored. In this work, we report unusual effects of degenerate doping with Nb on structural, electronic and optical characteristics of MoS2 crystals. The doping readily induces a structural transformation from naturally occurring 2H stacking to 3R stacking. Electronically, a strong interaction of the Nb impurity states with the host valence bands drastically and nonlinearly modifies the electronic band structure with the valence band maximum of multilayer MoS2 at the Γ point pushed upward by hybridization with the Nb states. When thinned down to monolayers, in stark contrast, such significant nonlinear effect vanishes, instead resulting in strong and broadband photoluminescence via the form...

Reducing the dimensionality of transition metal dichalcogenides to one dimension opens it to structural and electronic modulation related to charge density wave and quantum correlation effects arising from edge states. The greater flexibility of a molecular scale nanowire allows a strain-imposing substrate to exert structural and electronic modulation on it, leading to an interplay between the curvature-induced influences and intrinsic ground-state topology. Herein, the templated growth of MoS2 nanowire arrays consisting of the smallest stoichiometric MoS2 building blocks is investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy. Our results show that lattice strain imposed on a nanowire causes the energy of the edge states to oscillate periodically along its length in phase with the period of the substrate topographical modulation. This periodic oscillation vanishes when individual MoS2 nanowires join to form a wider nanoribbon, revealing that the...

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The mixtures of [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ](NO 3) 2 salt, 10-lauryl ether (C 12 H 25 (OCH 2 CH 2) 10 OH, represented as C 12 EO 10), a charged surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, C 16 H 33 N(CH 3) 3 Br, represented as CTAB or sodium dodecylsulfate, C 12 H 25 OSO 3 Na, SDS) and water form lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases (LLCM). This assembly accommodates up to 8.0 Zn(II) ions (corresponds to about 80% w/w salt/(salt + C 12 EO 10)) for each C 12 EO 10 in the presence of a 1.0 CTAB (or 0.5 SDS) and 3.5 H 2 O in its LC phase. The salt concentration can be increased by increasing charged surfactant concentration of the media. Addition of charged surfactant to the [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ](NO 3) 2-C 12 EO 10 mesophase not only increases the salt content, it can also increase the water content of the media. The charged surfactant-C 12 EO 10 (hydrophobic tail groups) and the surfactant (head groups)-salt ion (ion-pair, hydrogen-bonding) interactions stabilize the mesophases at such salt high and water concentrations. The presence of both Br À and NO À 3 ions influences the thermal and structural properties of the [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ](NO 3) 2-C 12 EO 10-CTAB(or SDS)-H 2 O LLCM, which have been investigated using XRD, POM (with a hot stage), FT-IR and Raman techniques.

The title compound, potassium nickel(II) digallium tris-(phosphate) dihydrate, K[NiGa 2 (PO 4) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ], was synthesized hydrothermally. The structure is constructed from distorted trans-NiO 4 (H 2 O) 2 octahedra linked through vertices and edges to GaO 5 trigonal bipyramids and PO 4 tetrahedra, forming a three-dimensional framework of formula [NiGa 2 (PO 4) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ] À. The K, Ni and one P atom lie on special positions (Wyckoff position 4e, site symmetry 2). There are two sets of channels within the framework, one running parallel to the [101] direction and the other parallel to [001]. These intersect, forming a three-dimensional pore network in which the water molecules coordinated to the Ni atoms and the K + ions required to charge balance the framework reside. The K + ions lie in a highly distorted environment surrounded by ten O atoms, six of which are closer than 3.1Å. The coordinated water molecules are within hydrogen-bonding distance to O atoms of bridging Ga-O-P groups. Supplementary data and figures for this paper are available from the IUCr electronic archives (Reference: FI2077). inorganic compounds i38 Chippindale et al.

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Lands of Bangladesh are very fertile. Despite having so many fertile lands, Bangladesh cannot gain its expected output of crops. One of the main reasons is Bangladeshi Farmers are unaware of modern technology of crop cultivation. They apply urea in agricultural land according to assumption and do not know the negative impact of excessive urea application which causes the increment of diseases, attack of insects in crops, leads to huge economic loss and environmental pollution by Green House Gas emission and waste of time, money, fertilizer and crops. Leaf Color Chart (LCC) is an example of modern technology, which is a Nitrogen Parameter used to detect either the soil of green crops like Paddy, Wheat and Maize requires Urea Fertilizer or not and if it requires then, how much Urea is needed to be applied. But it requires many calculation processes and the whole processes are different for different crops which seems difficult for farmers to memorize and calculate. This paper attempts an assessment in proposing the solution and at the same time develops a prototype of a device with IoT features for the use of the farmers on Bangladeshi Agricultural Land to get rid of this problem. Farmers only need to input Crop, the Land Size and match certain numbers of Leaves Color prescribed by the Device with given 6 green color strips of the color chart on the Device and The Device then shows and tells either the land requires Urea or not and if it requires then how much Urea is needed to be applied. Internet of Things (IoT) is implemented in the Device so that important data about these Urea measurement process with exact time and location are stored on the Online Database. The stored data can be analyzed by the online website using bar-chart and Google heat-map to help Bangladesh Agriculture Ministry in monitoring country-wide urea applications efficiently.

Abstract: In this paper, selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl products using Oxone ® has been investigated on poly(vinyl alcohol) supported 12-tungstocobaltate (II), a heterogeneous catalyst. Variety of activated and non-activated alcohols has been effectively oxidized under relatively mild reaction conditions.

In this paper, selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl products using Oxone® has been investigated on poly(vinyl alcohol) supported 12-tungstocobaltate (II), a heterogeneous catalyst. Variety of activated and non-activated alcohols has been effectively oxidized under relatively mild reaction conditions.

In this paper, selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl products using Oxone® has been investigated on poly(vinyl alcohol) supported 12-tungstocobaltate (II), a heterogeneous catalyst. Variety of activated and non-activated alcohols has been effectively oxidized under relatively mild reaction conditions.

Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is a routine procedure in oral surgery. Various iatrogenic complications related to the procedure has been discussed well in the literatures before. Some of these complications are related to the wrong usage of instruments and techniques. Here we discuss a rare complication on a 42-year-old male, related to the use of high-speed handpiece drill in mandibular third molar removal in a general dental office setting. He was referred when a high speed tungsten carbide bur was accidentally broken and displaced into the mandibular bone during surgical procedure. It is not common to use a high-speed handpiece in impacted third molar removal. This iatrogenic complication could have been totally avoided with the use of proper equipment and technique; therefore raising awareness regarding wrong usage of instrument is vital to avoid similar incidents in the future. © 2017 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Simple and environment friendly Pd-containing poly
(vinyl alcohol) PVA catalysts were prepared by casting from
their aqueous solutions. A series of PVA containing different
ratios of Pd was characterized by IR, electronic spectroscopy,
thermal analysis, XRD, Field-emission scanning electron
microscopy (FE-SEM) and  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS). The binding of Pd to the polymer matrix and its effect on
the polymer structure was studied by means of XRD, XPS and
thermal analysis. The catalytic activity of the Pd-based catalysts
towards the oxidation of polyphenol trihydroxy benzene was
investigated and showed a significant catalytic activity in case of
the polymer sample containing the lowest Pd concentration (A1).
The oxidation mechanism was proposed. Kojic acid was used to
inhibit the oxidation reaction and it has been observed to be a
non competitive inhibitor