History of cosmetics

A passion for perfumes has been a constant throughout Islamic history. We can see it when we walk through the markets of the Middle East or the huge malls of the Gulf cities. Further evidence is provided by the recent opening of a museum, the 'House of Perfumes' (Bayt al-ʿuṭūr) in the historic centre of Dubai, in a traditional district known as al-Shindagha, facing Dubai Creek. This essay proposes a few considerations on the cultural importance of perfumes in Islamic society, from earliest times until today, beginning with the use of the words rīḥ, ṭīb and ʿiṭr in the foundational texts.

This chapter provides an overview of the collaborations undertaken between a cultural historian and scientists on a popular cosmetic recipe ‘to make the face beautiful’ by boiling rosemary flowers in white wine. It discusses the complexity and challenges of interpreting and recreating recipes, the range of processes and the analysis of the chemical properties using techniques such as UV-vis (ultraviolet/visible) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Preliminary analysis indicates that the recipe contains a wealth of active ingredients which were processed in ingenious ways to maximise their efficacy, and the experience of hands-on experimentation provides important insight into early modern science and beauty culture that can be achieved through collaboration between historians and scientists.

One of the most valuable sources of Roman medical and cosmetic knowledge are the artefacts discovered at various archaeological sites. However, determining the exact functionality of these objects is challenging, as many tools could have served a dual purpose. Therefore, we can only speculate about their intended use, unless they are found in a clear context. Numerous objects belonging to these categories have been
unearthed in Dacia, but this paper focuses on the 25 artefacts, which originate from the Roman military site of Călugăreni / Mikháza on the eastern limes of Dacia.

In 1894, Pier Desiderio Pasolini published notes on the beauty of women written by Cathe-rine Sforza. Unfortunately the original text written by Catherine disappeared in unknown circumstances but in 1522 Lucantonio Cuppano had seen the original and made one copy which was later consulted and published by Pasolini who gave it the tittle Experimenti de la Excelentissima Signora Caterina da Furlji. This writing - next to the work of Metrodora and Trotula of Salerno - is one of the oldest texts written by women, which is preserved for our time. This work shows that Catherine must have received an excellent education as she was interested in medicine, alchemy and property of herbs and minerals. The lecture on her recipes shows that she prepared her cosmetics for herself but she also sent them to others. Her recipes show her knowledge of the property of many herbs and minerals. Probably she thought about publishing her notes as we can find there some easy formulas (for beginners) where it was necessary only to add and mix the products. But there are also more complicated instructions where it was necessary to know, for example the process of distillation etc. Her writings show how in the 15th century women in Italy cared about their beauty and which herbs and minerals to use to make their cosmetics.

Glucosidase-inhibitory activity of marine macro-algae, Ulva fasciata and Hypnea musciformis in different solvents was detected using enzyme-agar plate method. Eenzyme-agar plate containing αor β-D-glucosidase was used in combination with substrate-agar plate containing p-nitro phenyl αand β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). Discs impregnated with algal extracts placed on the enzyme agar, followed by pre-incubation up to 2.5 h at 25°C, resulted in the characteristic inhibitory circle around the inhibitor. Extracts of red algae, H. musciformis had higher glucosidase-inhibition than the extracts of U. fasciata. The intestine of Thais rudolphi contained both αand β-glucosidase enzymes and their inhibition was comparable with the commercial enzymes, suggesting the possible alternate method for assessing the glucosidase-inhibitory activity of the marine macro-algae.

In a world where the art of perfumery often tilts towards the mass-produced, Kanishka Perfumery stands as a beacon of authenticity and tradition. Rooted in the rich cultural tapestry of India, this niche perfumery house invites you on a sensorial journey that transcends time, blending the past with the present in every drop of its meticulously crafted natural perfumes.

This paper focuses on bronze instruments of an unusual shape, which at one end are shaped like a flat or diamond-shaped spatula, divided at the very end into two points, and the other end can be shaped like a small round spoon. Outside the North Pontic area, analogies to such instruments, the catalogue of finds of which forms the basis of the article, are unknown, and most of the finds come from Pantikapaion and its necropolis, as well as the necropoleis of the Taman Peninsula and Gorgippia, dating broadly from the late 4th to the 2nd centuries BCE. The latest are female burials from the middle — second half of the 2nd century BCE in the tombs of the Artyukhov burial mound. In cases where the grave goods provide grounds for assumptions about the sex of the buried, they were found in female burials. Contrary to the opinion of some researchers, there is no reason to consider them as sophisticated medical instruments. Despite the fact that the instruments in question in the complexes show a connection with both spindle-shaped unguentaria and mirrors, it is hardly possible to consider them only as a tool for extracting incense or ointments from the flasks, because in general, in the vast majority of cases, unguentaria in various areas of the ancient world are found in burials without any tools. Perhaps, in this case, we can suggest such a connection as a regional feature. It is obvious that we are dealing with a specific form of cosmetic instrument, characteristic only for the North Pontic area of the Hellenistic period. The assumption about the possibility of using them for nail care seems to me more likely than the that about their use as toothpicks.

Recent scholarship demonstrates a growing interest in hair in early modern Europe. Scholars have recognised hair’s function as a phenotypic signifier, thought to manifest qualities relating to health, beauty, class and character. Given this significance, early modern artists paid close attention to the rendering of figures’ hair and, in both artworks and contemporary discourse, its colour is particularly important. Indeed, hair colour played a valuable role in visualising identity and early modern Europeans were thus understandably invested in it.

Focusing on early modern Italy, France and England, this thesis demonstrates the extent of this investment. Its foundation is close engagement with wide-ranging primary sources. It considers physiological treatises and medical theory that connect hair colour to bodily health, and examines literary interpretations of hair colour, often in evaluations of women’s beauty. Examining artistic manuals and artworks, it explores how artists rendered hair, hair colours’ tonal nuances, and how artworks perpetuated hair colour ideals. This thesis also investigates in detail how early modern Europeans altered or maintained their hair colour. Central to its methodology is its associated construction of a database of over 800 hair dye recipes from Italy, France and England. Expounded by contemporary sources including books of secrets, medical recipe compendia and beauty treatises, these recipes offer rich insights into early modern hair dyeing practices. Whereas I employ early modern theoretical treatises, literature and art to consider why people dyed their hair, these recipes offer invaluable insights into how they did so.

This thesis constitutes the first sustained analysis of hair dyeing practices in early modern Europe. It situates hair colour in early modern conceptions of age and gender, and explores early modern Europeans’ substantial engagement with hair colour ideologies and hair dyeing culture. This thesis also positions early modern Europeans’ hair dyes at the intersection of multiple disciplines. Far beyond a superficial beauty practice, in dyeing their hair people tapped into a body of knowledge drawing upon medical thought, colour theory and artisanal practices. Moreover, this thesis examines the sound chemical principles underpinning many hair dyes, showing that, far from experiments in sympathetic magic, they worked.

Coastal organic pollution results in eutrophication and distributional changes of microorganisms. Besides, flow of commercial antibiotics through the domestic effluents favors bacterial resistance, demanding new drugs and bioremediation processes. Macroalgae protective responses are attributed to their secondary metabolites, reason why is widely studied for bioactivities. We investigated the antibacterial activity (AA) of methanolic and aqueous extracts of four macroalgae species from Paraná coastal islands, being: Pyropia acanthophora (Rhodophyta), Sargassum cymosum (Phaeophyceae), Ulva sp., and Gayralia brasiliensis (Ulvophyceae) from Paraná coastal islands, Brazil. The crude extracts were tested against an environmental Enterobacteriaceae isolated and cultivated from a eutrophic estuary, and compared to the reference strain, E. coli ATCC 25922. The environmental strains from Paranaguá Bay sample water were isolated using Colilert®T18 and filter membrane. Gram stain and biochemical tests were performed to confirm the Enterobacteriaceae. The extract yields were calculated and related to antibacterial activities, evaluated by disk diffusion and broth microdilution. The investigated species showed AA only for methanolic extracts. Ulva and S. cymosum showed higher extracts yields. Ulva sp. inhibited E. coli activity in ca. of 70%, for both strains and all concentrations tested. P. acanthophora showed the higher inhibition value, however only at higher extract concentration and presenting the lower extract yields. S. cymosum extracts inhibited both strains in 70 - 80%, at higher concentration tested. Besides other studies revealed bioactivities for G. brasiliensis, our only species collected in a conservation unity area, their extracts showed low AA and yields in the tested conditions. Considering Ulva and Sargassum broad global distribution, and high biomasses, these are our best candidates for AA. Further molecular tests of the environmental isolate and biochemical characterization of the antibacterial compound(s) are highly recommended, aiming to explore new sustainable applications of these extracts with AA for marine biotechnological processes, products or endeavors, related to human health or marine conservation.

This research study is aimed at exploring the way advertisements that are being broadcasted on electronic media and their impacts on creating brand consciousness among the youth. Advertisements and promotion have been the sole for brand awareness and consciousness among the youth. 400 Students were included as a sample from the National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Lahore Campus (age ranging between 18 to 24 years) enrolled in different programs of NUML. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant influence of electronic media advertisements on the level of brand consciousness among youth and also Youth belonging to high family income is more brand conscious as compared to youth belonging to low family income. While brand consciousness levels among students of different genders do not significantly differ from each other. This study concludes that there has been an increase in social mobility people are becoming highly brand conscious.

The Indian consumers are noted for the high degree of value orientation. Such orientation to value has labeled Indians as one of the most discerning consumers in the world. Even, luxury brands have to design a unique pricing strategy in order to get a foothold in the Indian market. For a firm to survive, compete and grow, it is essential that the marketer identifies these needs and wants, and provides product offerings more effectively and efficiently than other competitors. A comprehensive yet meticulous knowledge of consumers and their consumption behavior is essential for a firm to succeed. In this paper, authors collect the data through primary source from respondents and attempts to highlight the impact on durable product with respect to stages of consumer behaviour: perceiving a need, seeking value, assessing value, purchase decision and value in consumption or use. In this paper, authors also find out the satisfaction level of indigenous customer. To check the reliability, chi-square test was applied and various suggestions have been recommended. The marketing strategies can be designed in accordance with the result.

The Indian consumers are noted for the high degree of value orientation. Such orientation to value has labeled Indians as one of the most discerning consumers in the world. Even, luxury brands have to design a unique pricing strategy in order to get a foothold in the Indian market. For a firm to survive, compete and grow, it is essential that the marketer identifies these needs and wants, and provides product offerings more effectively and efficiently than other competitors. A comprehensive yet meticulous knowledge of consumers and their consumption behavior is essential for a firm to succeed. In this paper, authors collect the data through primary source from respondents and attempts to highlight the impact on durable product with respect to stages of consumer behaviour: perceiving a need, seeking value, assessing value, purchase decision and value in consumption or use. In this paper, authors also find out the satisfaction level of indigenous customer. To check the reliability, chi-square test was applied and various suggestions have been recommended. The marketing strategies can be designed in accordance with the result.

The date of the end of the Early Bronze Age III Period in the Levant has been debated for many decades.  There are two key sites for deciding this issue.  In Kenyon's excavations at Jericho she recorded the discovery of Early Bronze IV pottery in the first fill, erosion washed in from the slopes of the tell above on top of the destruction debris of the final phase of the EB III town, which means that the EB IV ceramic assemblage was already in use before the fall of the EB III town.  At Byblos the final EB III level, as re-studied by Saghieh, contained several objects bearing the name of Pepi II, the final Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty.  These two data-points, together with re-analysis of other archaeological evidence, suggest to me that the date for the end of EB III in the Southern Levant should be returned to the older, higher, date of 2200 BCE,  with that of the fall of Byblos falling slightly later,.

Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess the bioactive and polysaccharide compositions, along with the antioxidant and antibacterial potentials, of five seaweeds collected from the northeastern coast of Algeria. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the study investigated the elemental composition of these seaweeds and their chemical structure. In addition, this study compared and identified the biochemical makeup of the collected seaweed by using cutting-edge methods like tandem mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, and it searched for new sources of nutritionally valuable compounds. According to the study’s findings, Sargassum muticum contains the highest levels of extractable bioactive compounds, showing a phenolic compound content of 235.67 ± 1.13 µg GAE·mg−1 and a total sugar content of 46.43 ± 0.12% DW. Both S. muticum and Dictyota dichotoma have high concentrations of good polyphenols, such as vanillin and chrysin. Another characteristic that sets brown algae apart is their composition. It showed that Cladophora laetevirens has an extracted bioactive compound content of 12.07% and a high capacity to scavenge ABTS+ radicals with a value of 78.65 ± 0.96 µg·mL−1, indicating high antioxidant activity. In terms of antibacterial activity, S. muticum seaweed showed excellent growth inhibition. In conclusion, all five species of seaweed under investigation exhibited unique strengths, highlighting the variety of advantageous characteristics of these seaweeds, especially S. muticum.

This paper aims to delve into the multifaceted culture of beauty and maquillage during the Early Modern period in England, offering a fresh perspective on the societal norms, practices, and perceptions of beauty during this transformative era. By examining a wide range of primary sources, including literary works, personal accounts, and visual representations, this study uncovers the intricate relationship between beauty ideals, cosmetics, and the construction of identity in early modern society. The research explores the significant role played by various factors such as social status, gender, and cultural influences in shaping beauty standards and practices. Furthermore, it investigates the intricate craftsmanship of cosmetic products, their ingredients, and their impact on the individuals who employed them.

A total of 307 species under 122 genera of seaweeds were previously reported from Myanmar waters. 2,3 Moreover, a total of 221 species under 114 genera were reported from Myanmar. 4,5 Of these marine benthic algae, detailed studies on morphotaxonomy and distribution of the most common genera, namely, Monostroma, 6 Ulva,

A total of 261species of marine benthic algae under 121genera,comprising 72 taxa belonging to 26 genera of Chlorophyta, 45 taxa belonging to 18 genera of Phaeophyta and 144 taxa belonging to 77 genera of Rhodophyta growing along the Tanintharyi Coastal Zone, Deltaic Coastal Zone and Rakhine Coastal Zone, were recorded. In general, diversity ratios of seaweeds occur in 3 Coastal Zones is 3:1:4 between the Tanintharyi Coastal Zone (146 taxa), Deltaic Coastal Zone (53 taxa) and Rakhine Coastal Zone (224 taxa).Among these, 89 species of marine benthic algae, including 25 taxa of green, 9 taxa of brown and 55 taxa of red algae, were newly recorded from Myanmar waters. The latitudinal distribution of marine benthic algae along the Myanmar Coastal Zones reveals 25 species of marine benthic algae which uniquely occur in low lattitute in the Tanintharyi Coastal Zone and 111 species which exclusively predominate in high lattitutein the Rakhine Coastal Zone. Monostroma, Ulva, Caulerpa and Codi...

The performance of natural extracts obtained from underutilized and residual vegetal and macroalgal biomass processed with food-grade green solvents was compared with that of commercial antioxidants. Selected extracts were obtained from two terrestrial sources: winery byproducts concentrate (WBC) and chestnut burs hydrothermally fractionated extract (CBAE), and from two underutilized seaweeds: Sargassum muticum extracts, either extracted with ethanol (SmEE) or after alginate extraction and hydrothermal fractionation (SmAE) and from Ulva lactuca processed by mild acid extraction and membrane concentration (UlAE). These extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties comparable to commercial antioxidants and were safe for topical use based on the absence of skin-irritant effects at 0.1% on reconstructed human tissues. The stability of several cosmetic model emulsions was assessed during accelerated oxidation assays. The incorporation of natural extracts produced from renewable underutilized resources at 0.4-0.5% in an oil in water emulsion reduced lipid oxidation during storage.

Seaweeds, are plant-like organisms that generally live attached to rock or other hard substrata in coastal areas. The brown color of these algae results from the dominance of the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin. Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) is a genus of Turbinaria found in tropical marine waters, which grows on rocky substrates. Turbinaria species are consumed by herbivorous fishes and echinoids in tropical areas, it has a low level of phenolics and tannins. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of central, western Pacific and Indian Ocean. Turbinaria belongs to the class-Anthozoa, Order-Scleractinia, family-Dendrophylliidae, Genus-Turbinaria. Different extracts of the Turbinaria shows the presence of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, terpenes,

As far as women's wellbeing is concerned, ancient and Byzantine physicians took great care not only of their patients' health sensu stricto but also of their appearance. A testimony of the approach is given, for instance, by Aetius of Amida's (6 th cent. AD) Libri medicinales, where he devotes much attention to cosmetics, including a group of deodorising antiperspirants called καταπάσματα. In our study we analyse one prescription, taken by Aetius from Criton of Heraclea's (1 st /2 nd cent. AD) treatise, trying to prove that it is very informative of medical (especially pharmaceutical) theory as well as practice in the social context of the 6 th century AD. In order to achieve our goal, first, we analyse ancient and Byzantine materia medica, scrutinizing the medical properties ascribed to each component of the cosmetic in the light of the theory in force between the 1 st and the 6 th centuries AD. Next, we determine the method of preparation of the antiperspirant, its form, the mode and place of its application. Finally, we proceed to assess its market value as a marker exposing the group of the cosmetic's addressees. As a result, we conclude that the recipe was competently worked out on the basis of a theory commonly accepted by medical authorities, and that the preparation was designed for women (but also for men) of a high social status.

Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, Halymenia durvillaei (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta), Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum polycystum (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (K. alvarezii), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-c...

The title Khekeret nesou simply translated as “Ornament of the King”
has been the subject of discussion since the mid 1970’s. The relationships to the court, and most importantly to the king have not been easily or readily defined for special women, labeled “Ornament of the King”. The purpose of this study is to explore some of the “international” connections that these women and others may have served in New Kingdom Egypt.

Press, 1997. 279 pp. "[A] vigorous case for women was available by the late Middle Ages." So begins the conclusion to Alcuin Blamires's latest contribution to the literature on the status of women in the Middle Ages. Blamires has been steeped in this subject matter for some time. Beyond the anthology Woman Defamed andWoman Defended, a collection of medieval texts he edited with Karen Pratt and C.W. Marx (Clarendon Press, 1992), he is the author of a considerable list of articles on aspects of medieval gender doctrine, including several concerning women and preaching and several that treat Chaucer. He also delivered a paper recently (March 6, 1999) at Fordham University's conference on The Debate about Women, Men and Gender entitled "Refiguring the 'Scandalous Excess' of Women.

Schistosomiasis may be caused by six different species of the genus Schistosoma. Current treatment is based only on two drugs: oxamniquine, which is only effective against the Schistosoma mansoni species, and praziquantel, which is ineffective against young parasites. Therefore, research on new drugs and their targets for the treatment of this disease is urgently needed. In the present work, the efficacies of several seaweeds extracts against S. mansoni were tested. Worm couples were incubated with different concentration of seaweed extracts for 120 h and monitored after the first 2 h and then every 24 h to evaluate death, mobility reduction and couple detachment. The extracts of 13 different seaweed species were tested in a first trial and the active extracts were further evaluated in lower concentrations. The extracts of Gracilaria ornata and species belonging to the genera Dictyota and Laurencia showed activity at relatively low concentrations. The active extracts were analyzed by LC-MS, and possible candidates are proposed.

Entre os séculos 16 e 18, foram publicados muitos textos dirigidos às damas. Alguns deles foram escritos por mulheres. Esses textos traziam os mais variados procedimentos para a preparação de medicamentos e cosméticos. Embora aos olhos de hoje, esses livros possam parecer apenas curiosas coleções de receitas, quando cuidadosamente investigados revelam elaborados conhecimentos sobre manipulações e transformações da matéria. Tais conhecimentos ajudaram a tecer a trama da sabedoria humana concernente às ciências da matéria. Assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é revelar parte dessa trama, analisando uma série de receitas para a preparação de cosméticos, com foco em algumas prescrições publicadas em livros dedicados às damas.

Metabolic disorder refers to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities (i.e., insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure). The metabolic disorder is fast becoming a global emergency. Drugs presently available in the market help in curing the disorder only up to some extent and providing symptomatic relief, in lieu of an array of side effects, hence it is the need of the hour to look for alternative strategy for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Marine natural products are a source of antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and anticancer agents possibly useful in the treatment or in the prevention of metabolic disorders. Through this review we have made an effort to throw some light on potential uses of the marine sea weed, a genus of brown algae Turbinaria (Phaeophyceae) as a potential agent for the treatment and amelioration of metabolic syndrome and related disorder, we have briefed about various chemical constituents found in the different species of Turbinaria and the role they can play in achieving the above said goal.

En la Europa bajomedieval y durante la primera Edad Moderna, en paralelo al
desarrollo de profesiones sanitarias como la cirugía y la barbería, emergen nuevos géneros de literatura médica en lenguas vernáculas pensados para un uso doméstico. Una parte significativa de estos textos estaba dedicada al cuidado de la apariencia estética, una esfera de intervención en el cuerpo humano tradicionalmente vinculada a las mujeres. Sin embargo, en este trabajo mostramos cómo los recetarios domésticos también incluyeron tratamientos destinados a los hombres, concretamente para la conservación y embellecimiento de la barba. Con ello, señalamos la importancia de estos textos para documentar prácticas de construcción de la identidad masculina a través de la imagen corporal. En este trabajo se analizan los tratamientos propuestos para el cuidado de la barba en dos recetarios castellanos del siglo XVI, el Vergel de señores y el Regalo de la vida humana, específicamente para su limpieza y teñido, así como para la prevención de la alopecia. Se estudian los procedimientos técnicos y las sustancias utilizadas para la confección de los productos finales, así como los consejos y advertencias para su aplicación correcta y efectiva. El estudio contextualizado de las recetas en sus testimonios manuscritos permite documentar la contribución de las tradiciones médicas domésticas a la construcción de la masculinidad.

Dictyotales, a common taxonomic group of brown seaweeds found in warm and temperate waters, are known for their richness in bioactive metabolites. In this study, six species of Dictyotales (Dictyopteris polypodioides, Dictyota dichotoma, Dictyota fasciola, Dictyota spiralis, Padina pavonica, and Taonia atomaria) collected from the Tunisian coasts were investigated for their antioxidant potentials, based on their contents of high added-value bioactive metabolites such as fucoxanthin and polyphenols. Fucoxanthin and polyphenols were analyzed quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. The antioxidant property of extracts was also determined based on their ability to scavenge 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH’s) free radical. Thus, the highest concentrations of fucoxanthin were obtained from T. atomaria and D. polypodioides (5.53 ± 1.2 and 3.43 ± 1.3 mg⋅g–1 dry weight, respectively), while the lowest amount was from D. spira...

The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication.

Seaweeds are traditionally used as human food, because they provide nutritional value and a specific taste. This study illustrated some nutritional value of two marine algaes (U. rigida and U. intestinalis) which belong to the division chlorophyta. The composition and content of sterol, unsaturated fatty acid, amino acid and mineral in U. rigida and U. intestinalis were analyzed. For sterol study, the result showed that fucosterol (29,961µg /100g DW) was found in U. rigida, while beta-sitosterol (2,126 µg /100g DW) and desmosterol (923.50 µg /100g DW) were found in U. intestinalis. Unsaturated fatty acids content in U. rigida and U.intestinalis were 885.75 and 20.06 mg /100g fatty acid, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), omega-3 fatty acid, was detected only in U. rigida. Total amino acid content in U. rigida and U. intestinalis were 11.06 and 4.65 g/100g DW, respectively. Aspartic acid was dominant in U. rigida, whereas cyteine was dominant in U. intestinalis. Calcium, iron and magnesium were similar in both types of algae, with the exception of magnesium that was high in U. rigida. Both green algaes from this study were a good source of nutritional food for human and animal. However, U. rigida seem to show the better nutritional value.

Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, Halymenia durvillaei (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta), Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum polycystum (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (K. alvarezii), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-c...

This research aimed at screening in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in Codium tomentosum, Ulva lactuca and Hypnea musciformis, collected form the Suez Canal, Egypt. Samples were cleaned from epiphytes, washed, air dried and powdered. All the methanol/methylene chloride crude extracts showed a marked antioxidant effect compared to the reference drug vitamin E on alloxan induced diabetic rats and Hypnea musciformis (red algae) was the most potent (60.18%). Also, it showed the maximum anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Both extracts of H. musciformis and U. lactuca showed a wide spectrum antibacterial activity, and the highest activity appeared against Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical culture). Moreover, all the crude extracts showed a promising cytotoxic activity (> 70%) against liver (HEPG2) and prostrate (PC3) cancer cell lines using Sulpho-Rhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The ethyl acetate fractions of U. lactuca, C. tomentosum and H. musciformis were significantly enhanced in HEPG2 with IC 50 (12.8, 24.5 and 17.8 μg/ml), respectively, compared to the control doxorubicin. Such biological activities might be attributed to the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, as active constituents in all algal extracts. Besides Alkaloids observed in U. lactuca and H. musciformis, as well as saponins from U. lactuca.

This research aimed at screening in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in Codium tomentosum, Ulva lactuca and Hypnea musciformis, collected form the Suez Canal, Egypt. Samples were cleaned from epiphytes, washed, air dried and powdered. All the methanol/methylene chloride crude extracts showed a marked antioxidant effect compared to the reference drug vitamin E on alloxan induced diabetic rats and Hypnea musciformis (red algae) was the most potent (60.18%). Also, it showed the maximum anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Both extracts of H. musciformis and U. lactuca showed a wide spectrum antibacterial activity, and the highest activity appeared against Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical culture). Moreover, all the crude extracts showed a promising cytotoxic activity (> 70%) against liver (HEPG2) and prostrate (PC3) cancer cell lines using Sulpho-Rhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The ethyl acetate fractions of U. lactuca, C. tomentosum and H. musciformis were significantly enhanced in HEPG2 with IC 50 (12.8, 24.5 and 17.8 μg/ml), respectively, compared to the control doxorubicin. Such biological activities might be attributed to the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, as active constituents in all algal extracts. Besides Alkaloids observed in U. lactuca and H. musciformis, as well as saponins from U. lactuca.

This research aimed at screening in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in Codium tomentosum, Ulva lactuca and Hypnea musciformis, collected form the Suez Canal, Egypt. Samples were cleaned from epiphytes, washed, air dried and powdered. All the methanol/methylene chloride crude extracts showed a marked antioxidant effect compared to the reference drug vitamin E on alloxan induced diabetic rats and Hypnea musciformis (red algae) was the most potent (60.18%). Also, it showed the maximum anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Both extracts of H. musciformis and U. lactuca showed a wide spectrum antibacterial activity, and the highest activity appeared against Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical culture). Moreover, all the crude extracts showed a promising cytotoxic activity (> 70%) against liver (HEPG2) and prostrate (PC3) cancer cell lines using Sulpho-Rhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The ethyl acetate fractions of U. lactuca, C. tomentosum and H. musciformis were significantly enhanced in HEPG2 with IC 50 (12.8, 24.5 and 17.8 μg/ml), respectively, compared to the control doxorubicin. Such biological activities might be attributed to the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, as active constituents in all algal extracts. Besides Alkaloids observed in U. lactuca and H. musciformis, as well as saponins from U. lactuca.

Ancient Lives: Insights from the Classics and Archaeology Collection.
24 Jul 2023 — 26 Apr 2024
Location: Old Quad, University of Melbourne

This exhibition provides a glimpse into life in the Greek and Roman worlds, through everyday, ritual and luxury objects from the University of Melbourne's Classics and Archaeology Collection. Guest curators Dr Tamara Lewit and Dr Caroline Tully, both Honorary Fellows in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, have chosen items that tell a fascinating story of the often-hidden lives of women, men, children, athletes and artisans, rich and poor, in the ancient world-including wine drinking, mourning the dead, and beauty routines. The Classics and Archaeology Collection is one of the cornerstones of object-based learning at the University of Melbourne. From the origins of the Collection in 1901 with the donation of five Egyptian papyri, it has played an important role in teaching and research. Now managed by the Museums and Collections department, it has continued to grow through donations and purchases to encompass over 300 objects, with significant holdings of Classical, Cypriot and Near Eastern material. The Classics and Archaeology teaching program at the University of Melbourne offers a multidisciplinary perspective on Egyptian, Near Eastern, Aegean, Greek and Roman civilisations and their interactions with each other and the wider Eurasian region from prehistory to late antiquity. It includes the study of archaeology, ancient society, politics, literature, myth and art, and Greek, Latin and Egyptian languages.

Objective: This work aimed to screen the antioxidant activity of marine macroalgae from the Moroccan Atlantic coast (region of El Jadida). Methods: Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of different collected species, lyophilized and extracted with a solvent mixture chloroform/methanol (2/1; v/v) was conducted according to two techniques, first by thin layer chromatography (tlc) then by spectrophotometry, using a free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph). The sampling on a distance of 110 km allowed to harvest 86 algal species (16 brown algae, 47 red algae, 14 green algae and 9 algae being identified). Results: The analysis by thin layer chromatography reveals an antioxidant activity in nearly half of harvested algal species (52.32 %). This activity varies depending on the concentration of the extract and in function of incubation time in the presence of dpph. The monitoring of the kinetics of degradation of dpph by spectrophotometer in the presence of extracts which were active by tlc allowed to confirm the results and select the most active algal species based on the percentage of remaining dpph in the medium after 120 min of reaction: Fucus spiralis (17.02 %), Cyctoseira ericoides (12.16 %) (Phaeophyceae), and Gracilaria multipartita (36%), Halopitys incurvus (5%) (Rhodophyceae). Conclusion:

In the present work, we have collected 19 species of macroalgae (9 Phaeophta and 10 Rhodophyta) from all around of Korea: Dictyopteris divaricata, D. prolifera, Myelophycus cavus, Papenfussiella kuromo, Petalonia zosterifolia, Petrospongium rugosum, Rugulopteryx okamurae, Sargassum fulvellum, S. muticum, Callophyllis japonica, Gloiopeltis tenax, Gracilaria longissima, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Grateloupia asiatica, Grateloupia lanceolata, Grateloupia sparsa, Grateloupia turuturu, Grateloupia sp, and Polyopes affinis. The macroalgal species were extracted by 70% ethanol (EtOH) for 24 h and evaluated its inhibitory effects on α- glucosidase. Among ethanol extracts, Myelophycus cavus showed the most effectively inhibitory activity (IC50, 2.17 μg/ml) against α-glucosidase, followed by Sargassum fulvellum (IC50, 8.13 μg/ml), Dictyopteris prolifera (IC50, 16.66 μg/ml), Rugulopteryx okamurae (IC50, 50.63 μg/ml), and Petrospongium rugosum (IC50, 101.62 μg/ ml). Furthermore, MTT (3-(4,5-di...