Geo~Strategy

Throughout history, the Middle East has been a crossroads of trade routes and the birthplace of civilizations. In the modern era, however, the region's greatest strategic importance stems from its vast energy resources. Home to approximately 48% of the world's proven oil reserves and 43% of global natural gas reserves, the Middle East is one of the most critical hubs of the global energy market. These resources provide economic power to the region's nations while simultaneously fueling global and regional competition. Energy is the backbone of today's global economy. Oil and natural gas play a crucial role in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, electricity generation, and even agriculture. Consequently, Middle Eastern energy policies affect not only the region itself but also global powers. Countries like the United States, the European Union, China, and Russia have developed various strategies to ensure their energy security in the region. At the same time, Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) pursue policies aimed at strengthening their dominance over energy resources and securing a stronger position in the market.

The  aim  of  this  book  is  to  trace  the  historical 
development  of international patterns of arms proliferation
and identify the antecedents responsible  for  their  establishment.
  A  classification  and  analysis  of proliferation  patterns  for 
the  purpose  of  examining  their  comparative impact  on 
global  security  is  addressed.  The  categorization  of  arms
proliferation  streams  into  rigid  patterns  is  not  entirely possible since
each  case  of  proliferation  incorporate  both  aspects  of  demand  and
supply based factors that are in some instances security, economic or
ideologically  driven  at  the  same  time.  Terrorist-based patterns  of
proliferation,  for  instance,  are  often  interwoven  with  other  stream
making control very difficult. The book thus interrogates the imperative
for control by situating the problem within the theoretical discourse of
Arms Control Theory and the Practice of National Security.

Whether we are talking of Countries, Organizations or Political Parties, hyper-competition forces all these entities to devise proper strategies to Survive and Grow. Deriving examples from Geostrategy, Business Competition and Political struggles, this article analyzes the importance of developing "survival" solutions around well defined Strategic Intents.

L'objectif principal de cette recherche était de mettre en avant des méthodes qui pourraient aider et nourrir les gestionnaires de la santé de prendre des décisions sur les maladies négligées et les plus précises sur la leishmaniose. Le présent ouvrage est une étude comparative évaluer les facteurs présentés dans un environnement de recherche à travers l'analyse des publications scientifiques et dans le secteur de la santé à travers l'analyse des brevets et comment ces deux zones sont reliées entre elles, le cas échéant. Au cours de cette recherche, nous avons appliqué des méthodes de données et d'analyse des réseaux sociaux dans la recherche, le traitement et l'analyse de ces informations et des réseaux en évaluant les relations entre les entités, les chercheurs et les brevets au fil des années. La dernière tentative de ce travail était de cartographier les intérêts sur la leishmaniose parmi les pays du monde et de sa dynamique sur les 13 dernières années.

In order to understand the existent and in formation relationships that might surface from scientific publications it is necessary to use methods for data and network analysis, besides the concepts of information flow and knowledge creation within organizations. The aim of this work was to show the application of tools and methods for data and network analysis and how those methods can bring forward proposals to improve the understanding of a specific disease, Malaria, within the scientific publications. The study of relational data retrieved from different databases might be elucidating in an environment, health system, which happens to be quite complex due to its many elements involved. How these elements interact within each other in order to fulfill the need to serve the population needs to be understood. The study of scientific publications is just one of the areas that might help decision makers have a better grasp on how to deal and focus on the needed areas.

Background and Aims: COVID-19 pandemic causes massive disruption of the global health system. The diabetic patients are the vulnerable parts population who are predicted to have a significant issue during the pandemic regarding the conventional type of consultation by face-to-face which may result in the higher risk of COVID-19 exposure. This study aims to observe the use of digital health services for diabetes management during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar during August until September 2020. The keywords that are used on the searching process are diabetes AND digital service OR telemedicine OR technology AND COVID-19. The criteria included the selection of scientific publication as an original research and reviews. Results: All published articles were gathered from 3 search engines; PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The discussion explicates the practical considerations that are in accordance with the current condition of each country. In order to do so, the evidence is classified based on the level of global digital health framework in the developed and developing countries. It was found that the minimal level of digital health that connects diabetes patients with healthcare providers was at level 2, which is by using the video mode. The most advanced is at level 3B, which is applied by using the CGM devices, which provide active monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment based on timely clinical judgment. Conclusion: It is feasible to utilize the digital health service during the COVID-19. This review is projected to be beneficial for the patient and health care providers to select the most feasible approach of digital health that merits the contextual resource.

TheCyprusissue has been priority issue of the Turkish foreign policy for many years. As is known, the Cyprus Island conquered by the Ottoman State in 1571. In 1878, the British Empire took advantage of the situation in those days, and placed to the island  when the so-called day come.  However, the Britain pretended the First World War, and unilaterally annexed the Cyprus at the beginning of the war.Then, withtheTreaty of Sevr, Cyprus offically left to Britain.After theTreaty of Lausanne, Turkey accepted that the Cyprus was a British territory. Hardly, the GreekCypriots  Enosis  whimsical which is  Annexation to Greece  has always been willing.Their desire continued in the mid-1950  s and at the begging of the 1960  s by increased thed ose, and turned in to acts of violence.In those days, the Cyprus issue was seated in the first row in theTurkish agenda, and became a national policy.On the other hand, thesituation was different for the Britain. Becasue the Britain lost its imperialist power after the Second World War, anda ftert heSuez thrasing they wanted Cyprus for re-dominating theMiddle East or at least to saved Its  old reputation after the United States of America. Turkeys  and Britains  interests sometimes unintentionally united in essence has always been clashed. We will try to explain the Cyprus policy of these two states by comparing them.

Throughout the recorded history, the Middle East has been playing a vital role in the global geopolitics. The significant geographic characteristics supplemented by an enormous oil reserve has turned the region as one the most highlighted geopolitical areas of the present-day international relations. The Middle East also contains some of the world's key oil choke points and straits by which petroleum has been supplied throughout the world, especially to the European, American and East Asian countries. Traditionally, the geopolitical structure of the region has been branded by military dictatorships and monarchies, largely backed by the western powers. However, the outset of the Arab Spring in December 2010 had paved the way to notice that the popular democratic uprising in these traditional authoritarian countries is about to bring a significant structural shift in the geopolitics of the entire region. Some scholars supported this observation based on the historical illustration of the outsets of 1989 Central and Eastern European movements for democracy. But, after more than three years, it is quite visible that the feeble application of Arab Spring for freedom and democracy could not bring about overnight shifts to the regional geopolitical calculations.

My research analyzes the energy issue as a deterministic foreign policy component in the post-Westphalia world order from the perspective of historical development of the energy relations and energy geo-politics between the great powers and major energy corporations shaping the world politics. In the first section, I am going to focus on the post-Westphalia peace order after 1648 in Europe on behalf of figuring out the changing political and balance of power systems at diplomatic correspondences between states through the evolved concepts of negotiation, alliance, conflicts and wars under the light of link between rising raw material demands and ‘reel-politics’. In the second argumentation part of my research, I am going to adapt this case into the conceptions of global energy policies, energy interdependence and geo-energy spheres which have been directing the essence of global politics and international relations since beginning of the Second World War.

The Middle East has been one of the most controversial regions in the world since the late 19 th century and early 20 th century due to ethnical, political and religious diversity, administration problems, historical disputes, oil and natural gas reserves, status of being outside the global economic and political system and hot combats. Now, at the end of the first decade of the 21 st century, the most significant reason behind the events centrally in the Middle East, particularly in the Arabian states, is regime of the countries in the Middle East. In the countries of the Middle East, restriction of the democratic rights, one-person powers for long years and lasting many decades, limited engagement in the politics in almost all countries, prevention of political engagement, oppressive and restrictive regimes, hereditary authoritarian administration isolated from the society all have triggered social movements. This study concerns relationship between geography and democracy, specifically in the Middle East, emphasizing the fundamentals on which the regimes of the Middle East Countries are based. Intending to determine the situation, this study is based on documentary analysis and description.

This paper presents a fresh tack in the way the psychic apparatus (brain, nervous systems and their bodily embodiment) work. Briefly, this apparatus it regarded as a 'manager' of the amount and velocity at which the informational metastatements sent from and amongst its inner and outer systems is transmitted to and from it Amid the principles that master such a 'management', I propose that one be elected as playing the most crucial role in the interaction living beingsenvironments. I have named it 'the minimum time principle of maximum information transfer'. The reasoning leading to it and some of its possible consequences for living systems are next scrutinized.