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Gender Bias In School Textbooks

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Gender bias in school textbooks refers to the unequal representation and portrayal of genders within educational materials, often leading to stereotypes and reinforcing societal norms. This bias can manifest in language, imagery, and content, affecting students' perceptions of gender roles and contributing to broader issues of inequality in education.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Gender bias in school textbooks refers to the unequal representation and portrayal of genders within educational materials, often leading to stereotypes and reinforcing societal norms. This bias can manifest in language, imagery, and content, affecting students' perceptions of gender roles and contributing to broader issues of inequality in education.

Key research themes

1. How are gendered occupational roles portrayed in school textbooks and what impact does this have on reinforcing societal stereotypes?

This research theme investigates the extent and nature of occupational role representations assigned to males and females within school textbooks, emphasizing the prevalence of stereotypical roles and their sociocultural consequences. These portrayals often delineate men in high-status, diverse occupations while confining women to lower-status, stereotypically domestic or caregiving roles. Understanding these patterns is critical as they contribute to the perpetuation of gender biases among students, influencing their perceptions of gender roles and career aspirations.

Key finding: The study found that Iranian high school English textbooks were 99% sexist regarding occupational roles: men were overwhelmingly depicted in high-status and a broader range of occupations (e.g., lawyer, surgeon, professor),... Read more
Key finding: In Indonesian elementary language textbooks, a significant gender bias was identified whereby men were depicted in dominant public and challenging roles (e.g., doctor, police officer), while women were restricted to domestic... Read more
Key finding: The content analysis of Greek primary school language textbooks revealed persistent gender stereotypes embedded in language and imagery, channeling students toward traditional gender roles and occupations. Teachers recognized... Read more

2. What role do teachers’ awareness and classroom practices play in perpetuating or challenging gender stereotypes linked to textbook content?

This theme explores how teachers perceive, reinforce, or counteract gender biases present in school textbooks through their classroom interactions and pedagogical decisions. It addresses the gap between teachers' stated willingness to combat stereotypes and their actual influence on perpetuating gendered behaviors, highlighting the importance of teacher training and awareness in creating equitable educational environments.

Key finding: While surveyed Polish teachers expressed awareness of gender stereotypes and a desire to counteract them, classroom observations revealed their behaviors often inadvertently reinforced these stereotypes. Teachers' lack of... Read more
Key finding: Analysis of Polish EFL classrooms showed that teachers frequently enacted and regulated dominant binary gender ideologies, often policing students' gender expressions to conform to traditional norms. Teachers rarely engaged... Read more
Key finding: Finnish teachers demonstrated ability to detect gender bias in textbooks when explicitly guided to do so; however, their discussions predominantly framed gender within a binary opposition. Despite Finland’s reputation for... Read more

3. How is gender bias manifested in language and visual representations in school textbooks across different cultural contexts, and what methodologies have been effective in analyzing these biases?

This research area focuses on the multimodal analysis of gender bias in school textbooks—examining both verbal language and visual imagery—to uncover patterns of underrepresentation, stereotypical portrayals, and asymmetries in gender depiction. It highlights critical discourse analysis, content analysis, and critical multimodal approaches as effective methodologies for revealing subtle and overt forms of sexism embedded in teaching materials across various national contexts.

Key finding: Using critical multimodal analysis, the study found that despite efforts for equity, Vietnamese English textbooks still reflect patriarchal Confucian values, privileging males with greater verbal representation and social... Read more
Key finding: Thematic analysis of Indonesian government-approved Arabic textbooks showed male dominance in both visual and verbal representations across most themes except 'traveling,' which featured more females. The study applies... Read more
Key finding: Critical discourse analysis uncovered that Arabic textbooks for non-native speakers in Sudan portray women frequently as second-class citizens through negative depictions and illustrations, despite some positive images... Read more

All papers in Gender Bias In School Textbooks

In this study, societal gender roles in the Turkish School Books used in the 6th grade of elementary Schools are examined. In order to determined societal sexual roles in the texts and visuals in the books, Content Analysis method is... more
Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η ανίχνευση των στοιχείων που συνθέτουν την παρουσία του φύλου στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια θετικής κατεύθυνσης του Δημοτικού σχολείου. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζονται τα σχολικά εγχειρίδια -Βιβλία και Τετράδια... more
Bu çalışma toplumsal cinsiyet olgusunun yapılandırılmasında ve geleceğe aktarılmasında önemli bir etkisi bulunan ders kitapları üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Örgün eğitimin gerçekleştirilmesinde önemli bir araç olan ders kitapları öğrencilerin... more
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kadına Karşı Her Türlü Ayrımcılığın Yok Edilmesi Sözleşmesi (CEDAW) imzalanmadan önceki ortaokul Türkçe ders kitapları (1977-1979) ile yakın dönemde okutulan (2013-2014) ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarını toplumsal... more
The concept of gender inequality can show its existence explicitly and implicitly ways in the textbooks which can be evaluated as an important sub-component of education within the context of education access and equality. The purpose of... more
Toplumsal cinsiyet esitsizligi kavrami; gerek egitime erisim gerekse esitlik kapsaminda egitimin onemli bir alt bileseni olarak degerlendirilebilecek ders kitaplarinda varligini kimi zaman acik iletilerle kimi zaman da farkli ortuk... more
In this study, societal gender roles in the Turkish School Books used in the 6 th grade of elementary Schools are examined. In order to determined societal sexual roles in the texts and visuals in the books, Content Analysis method is... more
The Hjalli Model is a holistic approach for nurseries and primary schools and was founded in 1989 by Margrét Pála Ólafsdóttir. Margrét is an Icelandic pedagogue, educator, and philanthropist, and has been awarded many honours for her... more
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokullarda okutulan sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında yer alan görsel öğelerin kadın ve erkek cinsiyet rolleri açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmada ortaokul sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında yer alan görsel... more
* Bu çalışma Emine KİTİŞ ÇINAR'ın yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir. Bu makale Crosscheck sistemi tarafından taranmış ve bu sistem sonuçlarına göre orijinal bir makale olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
* Bu çalışma Emine KİTİŞ ÇINAR'ın yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir. Bu makale Crosscheck sistemi tarafından taranmış ve bu sistem sonuçlarına göre orijinal bir makale olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The concept of representation has been taken up in many disciplines, largely, in visual arts, music, media studies, feminism, gender studies among others.The particular interest that researchers in gender and education studies have taken... more
The purpose of this study is to examine the visuals of the Turkish course and student exercise books which are studied in the schools by the allowance of the Ministry of National Education, Turkish Head Council of Education and Morality... more
Biz, politik yapinin erkekler tarafindan erkekler icin dusunuldugu, kadinlarin cok az yararlanabildigi geleneksel bir toplumda yasiyoruz. Demokratik haklar, politikaya, secimlere katilma yolu ile etki etme sansi, geleneksel yapi ve... more
ÖZET DOKTORA TEZİ 10. ve 11. SINIF TARİH DERS KİTAPLARINDA YER ALAN GÖRSEL VE METİNLERDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET TEMSİLİYLE İLGİLİ TARİH ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN GÖRÜŞLERİ (Trabzon Örneği) EBRU DEMİRCİOĞLU 2014, 454 Sayfa Bu çalışmanın amacı, 10. ve... more
Bu çalı mada, U ak E itim Fakültesi Sınıf Ö retmenli i Anabilim Dalında vermi oldu um "Konu Alanı Ders Kitabı ncelemesi" dersinde, ö rencilerin, ders kitaplarını "hermeneutik" ve "içerik analizi" yöntemlerini kullanarak de... more
Τα σχολικά εγχειρίδια εκτός από παιδαγωγικά εργαλεία λειτουργούν και ως μέσα για τη μετάδοση και διαιώνιση στις επόμενες γενιές των κοινωνικών νορμών και συλλογικών αξιών (Χαρδαλιά και Ιωαννίδου, 2008), συνεπώς συμβάλλουν στη διαμόρφωση... more
The study investigated gender issues in the implementation of social studies curriculum in a University. The subjects for the study comprised of 124 students who are specializing Social Studies from 1st year to 4th year level enrolled... more
Türkçede dilbilgisel cinsiyet bulunmaz, fakat toplumun kadın ve erkeklere uygun gördüğü davranış biçimleriyle, cinsiyetlere yüklediği rol ve sorumluluklarla oluşan; derin kültürel kodlara dayanan toplumsal cinsiyetin yansımaları, Türkçe... more
Гендерний аналіз програми історії для середніх загальноосвітніх закладів України. Gender analysis of the history program for secondary general education institutions in Ukraine. Гендерный анализ программы истории для средних... more
Η παρούσα εργασία επιχείρησε μέσω της τεχνικής της ανάλυσης περιεχομένου να εντοπίσει τα σεξιστικά στοιχεία, του τρόπου δηλαδή, μέσω του οποίου παρουσιάζονται τα δύο φύλα, οι ρόλοι και οι σχέσεις τους, στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια τα οποία... more
Kadınlara seçme ve seçilme hakkının verilmesinin 75. yıldönümü münasebetiyle DEÜ Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesinin ev sahipliğinde organize edilen Uluslararası Multidisipliner Kadın Kongresi, adında geçen "multidisipliner" nitelemesini gerçekten... more
Η αναπαράσταση των φύλων στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια του γυμνασίου.
Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine nasıl yer verildiğini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla iki yayınevi tarafından basılan 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki elli metin ve bunlara ait... more
Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan edebi metinler Türkçe öretimi için önemli bir araçtır. Bu çalımanın amacı, ilköretim 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan edebi türleri incelemektir. Bu amaçla Türkçe ders kitaplarıyla... more
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokullarda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) Talim Terbiye Kurulunun izniyle okutulan Türkçe ders kitaplarının, Türkçe öğrenci çalışma kitaplarının içinde yer alan görsellerin toplumsal cinsiyet açısından incelenmesidir.... more
It seems that there are very few research themes in sociolinguistics that have been as thoroughly explored as gender representation in educational materials (notably in EFL textbooks). However, relatively little attention has been paid to... more
Both gender and sexuality are still tabooed concepts in Poland and consequently they take on special significance in the local context of education. In this presentation we look into the context of the Polish EFL classroom to discuss how... more
In this study, societal gender roles in the Turkish School Books used in the 6th grade of elementary Schools are examined. In order to determined societal sexual roles in the texts and visuals in the books, Content Analysis method is... more
In today's digital economy that is also characterised by international financial crisis, the rapid development of information technology and telecommunications plays a key role in the remodeling of working methods and relationships,... more
Gender stereotyping in educational materials (especially in EFL textbooks) has been a common theme in linguistic research (cf., e. g., Hellinger 1980; Porreca 1984; Freebody/Baker 1987; Sunderland 1994; Lee/Collins 2010). However, very... more
Bu çalı mada ilkö retim ve ortaö retim kurumlarında zorunlu olarak okutulan Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi derslerinde ortaya konulan aile tasavvuru ele alınmı tır. Bu ba lamda önce aileyle ilgili bir takım temel bilgilere yer verilmi ;... more
Ders kitaplarının hazırlanmasında önemli hususlardan biri kelime hazinesidir. Türkçe ders kitapları, kelime hazinesi bakımından bazı kriterler gözetilerek hazırlanmalıdır. Türkçe ders kitapları toplam ve farklı kelime sayısı bakımından ö... more
Bu çalı manın amacı, toplumcu gerçekçilik çizgisi içinde de erlendirilen, yazar-e itimci Fakir Baykurt'un romanlarının temel izleklerinden biri olan "e itim" izle inin betimlenmesidir. Bu amaç do rultusunda yazarın tüm romanlarında... more
Biz, politik yapının erkekler tarafından erkekler için dü ünüldü ü, kadınların çok az yararlanabildi i geleneksel bir toplumda ya ıyoruz. Demokratik haklar, politikaya, seçimlere katılma yolu ile etki etme ansı, geleneksel yapı ve... more
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