Food Storage

The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between physical measures from the subcutaneous tissue and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (area, depth, and width measured between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae, at the last rib, and between the 3rd and 4th last ribs) and the chemical composition of LD at 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 kg LW. The content of water, protein, neutral and polar lipids, total and soluble collagen, and total pigments, were determined. Globally, the measures taken and the chemical composition were not affected between 70 and 110 kg, except for the LD depth and width at the 3rd-4th lumbar vertebrae. At 70 kg, the LD depth was greater than at 110 kg (3.77 vs. 2.75 cm, P<0.05) and the width was smaller (8.14 vs. 9.82 cm, P<0.05). In conclusion, from 70 to 110 kg: i) the morphological changes in the lumbar region were due mainly to the width dimension, with no impact on the chemical composition of the muscle; and ii) the chemical composition did not chan...

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major world crop, whose storage roots provide food for over 800 million throughout the humid tropics. Despite many advantages as a crop, the development of cassava is seriously constrained by the rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of its roots that occurs within 24-72 h of harvest, rendering the roots unpalatable and unmarketable. PPD limits cassava's marketing possibilities in countries that are undergoing increased development and urbanisation due to growing distances between farms and consumers. The inevitable wounding of the roots caused by harvesting triggers an oxidative burst that spreads throughout the cassava root, together with the accumulation of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, of which the coumarin scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) is the most abundant. Scopoletin oxidation yields a blue-black colour, which suggests its involvement in the discoloration observed during P...

Goat "sarapatel" is a product made from blood and viscera. For the first time, the microbiological and nutritional quality of "sarapatel" samples (n = 48) sold under different conditions (in street markets, butcher shops, and supermarkets under refrigeration, frozen or at room temperature) was evaluated. Goat "sarapatel" is a nutritive food, with each 100 g providing, on average, 72 g of moisture, 2 g of ash, 18 g of protein, 9 g of lipids, 2 g of carbohydrates, 282 mg of cholesterol, and high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids. The analysis of the "sarapatel" samples shows that none of them contain Salmonella spp. or L. monocytogenes. High counts (>104) of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and sulfite-reducing Clostridium were detected, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was found in 31.25% of samples. The storage conditions evaluated (refrigeration, frozen or at room temperature) did not affect the physicochemical quality of the "sarapatel"; however, the unsatisfactory microbiological quality indicates that it is necessary to improve the health-sanitary aspects of the processing and sale of this product.

European Pesticide Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 supports the use of pesticides that are not harmful or less harmful to health and environment. New regulations like this is expected to provide additional attention to the biopesticides 1) . In the last two decades there is a growing interest on the insecticides obtained from the natural sources for stored product protection. Especially the essential oils and their components are being the focus of many studies due to their volatility therefore the potential ease of their application. The essential oils and their components were proposed to be considered as natural, environmentally friendly and relatively safe alternatives to the Abstract: Insecticides of the natural origin are an important alternative to the synthetic insecticides that are being employed for the preserving stored products. The volatiles obtained from T. cinerariifolium (=Pyrethrum cinerariifolium) is being used for many types of insecticidal applications; however there is a very little information on the insecticidal activity of the essential oils of other Tanacetum species. The main purpose of the present study is to determine the chemical composition of T. macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Schultz Bip. essential oils and evaluate their insecticidal activity against S. granarius as well as its other beneficial biological activities. Highest contact toxicity was observed in the leaf oil of (88.93%) against S. granarius. The flower oil showed considerable fumigant toxicity against L. minor at 10 mg/mL application concentration (61.86 %) when compared with other samples at the same concentration. The highest DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (47.7%) and phosphomolybdenum reducing activity was observed also for the flower oil of T. macrophyllum at 10 mg/mL concentration. The essential oils were analyzed by GC, GC/MS. The flower and leaf oils were characterized with γ-eudesmol 21.5%, (E)sesquilavandulol 20.3%, copaborneol 8.5% and copaborneol 14.1%, 1,8-cineole 11%, bornyl acetate 9.6%, borneol 6.3% respectively. AHC analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the essential oil composition of the T. macrophyllum essential oil from the present research and previous reports pointed out that two different chemotypes could be proposed with current findings which are p-methyl benzyl alcohol/ cadinene and eudesmane chemotypes.

Organic, semiorganic, and conventional "Hayward" kiwifruits, treated with ethylene for 24 h and stored during 10 days, were assessed by UV spectrometry, fluorometry, and chemometrical analysis for changes in selected characteristics of quality (firmness, dry matter and soluble solid contents, pH, and acidity) and bioactivity (concentration of polyphenols via Folin-Ciocalteu and p-hydroxybenzoic acid assays). All of the monitored qualitative parameters and characteristics related to bioactivity were affected either by cultivation practices or by ethylene treatment and storage. Results obtained, supported by statistical evaluation (Friedman two-way ANOVA) and chemometric analysis, clearly proved that the most significant impact on the majority of the evaluated parameters of quality and bioactivity of "Hayward" kiwifruit had the ethylene treatment followed by the cultivation practices and the postharvest storage. Total concentration of polyphenols expressed via p-hy...

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate different packaging strategies to extend the shelf life of a freeze-dried formulation of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans strain CPA-2. Methods and Results: Different materials and atmosphere packaging conditions (vacuum and air) were analysed on formulated P. agglomerans cells stored at 25, 5 and À20°C. Results showed the viability of CPA-2 cells stored at 5 or À20°C was significantly higher than when stored at 25°C. The highest viabilities were observed with the plastic material designated as Bottle 1, in nonvacuum packaging in all storage temperatures: 50% after 3 months at 25°C , 100% after 8 months at 5°C and 100 and 74% after 12 and 18 months, respectively, at À20°C; the final concentration was 10 12 CFU g À1 , a good concentration for a commercial product. The efficacy to control blue and green mould on apples and oranges, respectively, of these packed and stored cells was similar to fresh CPA-2 cells. Conclusions: This work showed a suitable packaging strategy for a freezedried formulation of the CPA-2, providing a good shelf life and efficacy against the major postharvest diseases of apples and citrus based on a plastic bottle stored at cold or frozen storage conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: The last phase of the commercial development process for biocontrol agents is presented in this work. A bacterium-based product that ensures the efficacy, stability and easy application of the antagonist to control postharvest fungal diseases on fruit was successfully obtained.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of sonicated pineapple juice as substrate for producing a probiotic beverage by Lactobacillus casei NRRL B442. Maximal microbial viability was found by cultivating L. casei at 31 °C and pH 5.8 (optimised conditions). After fermentation, samples of sweetened and nonsweetened juice were stored. After 42 days of storage under refrigeration (4 °C), the microbial viability was 6.03 Log CFU/mL in the non-sweetened sample and 4.77 Log CFU/mL in the sweetened sample. The pH of both samples decreased during storage due to lactic acid production (post acidification). The characteristic colour of the juice was maintained throughout the shelf life and no browning was observed. Sonicated pineapple juice was shown to be a suitable substrate for L. casei cultivation and for the development of an alternative non-dairy probiotic beverage.

The antagonistic impact of mixed lactic cultures against foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated during preparation and storage of ayib. Souring of milk reduced the count of the test pathogens by 4 log units at 48 h. The test pathogens were reduced to log 4 and log 0.8 cfu/g at day 9 while ayib was stored at refrigeration and ambient conditions, respectively. Complete elimination of the test organisms was achieved at day 7 when dipped ayib was kept at ambient conditions. Dipping ayib was observed to improve its safety.

Quarantine treatment enables export of avocado fruit (Persea americana) to parts of the world that enforce quarantine against fruit fly. The recommended cold-based quarantine treatment (storage at 1.1°C for 14 days) was studied with two commercial avocado cultivars 'Hass' and 'Ettinger' for 2 years. Chilling injuries (CIs) are prevalent in the avocado fruit after cold-quarantine treatment. Hence, we examined the effect of integrating several treatments: modified atmosphere (MA; fruit covered with perforated polyethylene bags), methyl jasmonate (MJ; fruit dipped in 2.5 μM MJ for Hass or 10 μM MJ for Ettinger for 30 s), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; fruit treated with 300 ppb 1-MCP for 18 h) and low-temperature conditioning (LTC; a gradual decrease in temperature over 3 days) on CI reduction during cold quarantine. Avocado fruit stored at 1°C suffered from severe CI, lipid peroxidation, and increased expression of chilling-responsive genes of fruit peel. The combined therapeutic treatments alleviated CI in cold-quarantined fruit to the level in fruit stored at commercial temperature (5°C). A successful therapeutic treatment was developed to protect 'Hass' and 'Ettinger' avocado fruit during cold quarantine against fruit fly, while maintaining fruit quality. Subsequently, treated fruit stored at 1°C had a longer shelf life and less decay than the fruit stored at 5°C. This therapeutic treatment could potentially enable the export of avocado fruit to all quarantine-enforcing countries. Similar methods might be applicable to other types of fruit that require cold quarantine.

Summary Application of exogenous ethylene, irrespective of the method of application, caused inten- sification of avocado fruit pulp browning during cold storage in all cultivars tested. Avocado fruit (cv. Ettinger) was treated with Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) prior to packing and storage. The Ethrel-treated fruits developed severe pulp browning after 3 weeks stor- age at 5C.

Food safety is a critical concern for all preindustrial societies. Every stage in the production and processing of cereals can be affected by degradation caused by various types of animals, broadly referred to as “pests”.
Egyptian texts occasionally mention them in an agrarian context, primarily rodents and insects, which can be found both in the fields and near
dwellings. Entomological studies conducted on archaeological sites have revealed high rates of grain infestation. To mitigate the intrusion of
pests and, consequently, the rate of affected grain, several solutions have been implemented, including the selection of grain types, the type of
storage device, and the breeding of predators.

This work aims at evaluate ethanol effect of acetaldehyde application in post-storage quality of 'Royal Gala' apples maintenance, and to compare them with consolidated storage techniques. Thus two experiments were performed during the years of 2008 and 2009. In the first experiment (2008), the application of ethanol, acetaldehyde or 1-MCP and ethylene scrubbing were tested. Fruits were stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) with 1.0kPa O2 and 2.0kPa CO2 at 0.5°C. In the second experiment (2009), the treatments tested were ethanol application combined or not with low relative humidity (LRH) and LRH alone. In this experiment, apples were stored in CA with 1.2kPa O2 + 2.5kPa CO2 at 0.5°C. After eight months of storage, 0.5 mL ethanol kg-1 apples month-1 or 0.25 mL acetaldehyde kg-1 apples month-1 increased mealiness, flesh browning, and decays incidence and reduced flesh firmness. In contrast, 0.3 mL ethanol kg-1 apples month-1, tested on second experiment, prevented fruit soften...

The growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices requires the search for innovative solutions to improve crop yield and quality. This study investigated the soil-specific effects of the bio-growth regulator Supporter on seed potato yield and quality in different potato varieties, with the aim of unlocking its sustainable potential under different environmental conditions. Field trials were conducted on several soil types using the bio-growth stimulator Supporter at a rate of 300 mL per hectare. Standardized agronomic practices, including continuous fertilization, weed control, and pest control, were applied at all test sites to ensure comparability. The results showed that the use of the biogrowth stimulator Supporter significantly increased tuber yield and quality, especially in soils with moderate fertility levels. In the treatments, with the Supporter biostimulator, there was better tuber size uniformity and a higher fraction and number of seed potato. A higher average seed potato mass and higher multiplication coefficient were observed. The effectiveness of the Supporter varied across study locations and soil types, with sandy and sandy loam soils showing the most pronounced benefits, while clay soils showed more limited responses. The results underscore the potential of the Supporter as a sustainable tool for increasing potato seed production, while also emphasizing the need for soil-specific recommendations. This study highlights the importance of integrating growth regulators into precision agriculture to optimize crop performance and support global food security goals. Therefore, further research is needed on the use of biostimulants, which will allow us to understand the purpose of their action, which is important in agricultural practice.

Since the dawn of settlements in the higher reaches of the Himalayas, the
local communities are known for their resilient nature to adapt and thrive with nature's adversities. Through the plethora of possibilities, communities have fostered means to support life through centuries. An alpine setting and harsh winters result in innovation, development and evolution of practices to sustain through the harsh snowy winter months. The communities have evolved over the decades a distinctive self-supporting ecosystem, they have found means to meet their food requirements through the winter months when fresh produce is scarce. A response to the extreme
weather conditions and limited access to the surroundings, these communities have developed unique farming crop patterns and animal husbandry; impacting the traditional building planning and space-making. Situated at an altitude of around 2040m/ 76693feet from the main sea level, Gaushal, Himachal Pradesh, India is one of the many villages in the region practicing winter prepping and stocking of food. Cut off from the main access road, however, the proximity to the city, the villagers have a unique and an efficient system that works on adaptive traditional wisdom, which has evolved into a yearly ritual; that reflects the mélange of ecological, cultural and social practices that help sustain the people.

Thirty-six Merino Branco lambs were assigned to six dietary treatments: control diet (C) consisting of 90% dehydrated lucerne and 10% wheat bran; C with 6% of oil blend (CO); C with 2.5% of grape seed extract (GS); GS with 6% of oil blend (GSO); C with 25% of Cistus ladanifer (CL), and CL with 6% of oil blend (CLO). Meat lipid and colour stability was then evaluated during 7 days of storage. The effect of inclusion of grape seed extract and C. ladanifer in diets on meat sensory properties was also evaluated. Meat antioxidant potential, determined after oxidation induction by a ferrous/hydrogen peroxide system, decreased with oil supplementation (P b 0.001), but inclusion of grape seed extract and C. ladanifer in diets protected the meat against lipid oxidation (P =0.036). Meat colour was not affected by diets. Inclusion of grape seed extract and C. ladanifer in diets did not change the sensory properties of meat.

This review explores applications of food extrusion technology. Extrusion cooking, a thermal processing method, applies high heat, pressure, and shear forces to uncooked masses, yielding a broad spectrum of food products like snacks, ready-to-eat cereals, confectioneries, weaning foods, crisp bread, dairy products, pasta, meat analogs and extenders. The characteristics and working operations of the extruded as well as materials used in extrusion processing have been highlighted. Raw materials undergo grinding, conditioning, and extrusion, leading to significant changes in starch, proteins, vitamins, lipids, and fibre. The process not only enhances sensory and nutritional aspects but also reduces lipid oxidation, enhances shelf life, reduces production cost and eliminates anti-nutritional factors. Applications span human and animal foods, value-added products from waste, rice bran stabilization, and oil expelling. Recent advancements in extrusion technology include hot melt extrusion...

attributes of these products. Conversely, strict adherence to regulatory guidelines could result in safer dietary supplements and fewer adverse reactions requiring medical attention. If new regulations or stricter interpretation/application of existing regulations result in certain dietary supplements being taken off the market, will continued demand create a completely unregulated, underground economy that will create unforeseen problems? More research should be supported by government agencies to determine the effectiveness of dietary supplements, nutritional products and complementary medicine in reducing personal and societal medical costs and further contribution to the overall health of the population. Since the completion of the good manufacturing practices (GMPs) regulations in the USA in 2007, the dietary supplements industry has continued to experience solid growth, thanks in part to a regulatory structure that allows new products a quick time-to-market. In turn, consumers have benefitted from the wide range and availability of dietary supplements that help support a healthy lifestyle. However,

Receptivity to strategies to improve the food environment by increasing access to healthier foods in small food stores is underexplored. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with small storeowners of different ethnic backgrounds as part of a small-store intervention trial. Store owners perceived barriers and facilitators to purchase, stock, and promote healthy foods. Barriers mentioned included customer preferences for higher fat and sweeter taste and for lower prices; lower wholesaler availability of healthy food; and customers' lack of interest in health. Most store owners thought positively of taste tests, free samples, and communication interventions. However, they varied in terms of their expectations of the effect of these strategies on customers' healthy food purchases. The findings reported add to the limited data on motivating and working with small-store owners in low-income urban settings.

BackgroundThe export of shrimp to the European Union was one of the mainstays of the Beninese economy. It is an income-generating activity for the populations living along lake Nokoué. The lack of a fisheries management strategy has caused a drastic decline in shrimp production in lake Nokoué since 2003. To remedy this problem, it is necessary to hypothesize on their spatio-temporal dynamics in the lake Nokoué-Cotonou channel complex. This is investigated by combining a literature review on their life cycles and habitat suitability with spatio-temporal evolution of salinity obtained from in-situ observations.ResultsThe literature review recognizes the presence in southern Benin of species of the genus Macrobrachium, Atya and Desmocaris (seven, two and one respectively) and five species of marine shrimps belonging to three genera: the genus Penaeus, the genus Holthuispenaeopsis and the genus Parapenaeus. From information on the ecology and physical environment it is shown that adults...

The growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices requires the search for innovative solutions to improve crop yield and quality. This study investigated the soil-specific effects of the bio-growth regulator Supporter on seed potato yield and quality in different potato varieties, with the aim of unlocking its sustainable potential under different environmental conditions. Field trials were conducted on several soil types using the bio-growth stimulator Supporter at a rate of 300 mL per hectare. Standardized agronomic practices, including continuous fertilization, weed control, and pest control, were applied at all test sites to ensure comparability. The results showed that the use of the biogrowth stimulator Supporter significantly increased tuber yield and quality, especially in soils with moderate fertility levels. In the treatments, with the Supporter biostimulator, there was better tuber size uniformity and a higher fraction and number of seed potato. A higher average seed potato mass and higher multiplication coefficient were observed. The effectiveness of the Supporter varied across study locations and soil types, with sandy and sandy loam soils showing the most pronounced benefits, while clay soils showed more limited responses. The results underscore the potential of the Supporter as a sustainable tool for increasing potato seed production, while also emphasizing the need for soil-specific recommendations. This study highlights the importance of integrating growth regulators into precision agriculture to optimize crop performance and support global food security goals. Therefore, further research is needed on the use of biostimulants, which will allow us to understand the purpose of their action, which is important in agricultural practice.

The quality change of fish sausage (keropok lekor) coated in sago starch-gelatine coating with papaya seed extract (PSE) during chill storage (7°C) was determined. During storage, pH, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), colour, moisture, and the total plate count were evaluated. pH of samples significantly dropped (p < 0.05) during storage, and the highest decrease was in control sample. The moisture content in control sample had an increasing trend while that of samples with 5 and 7% PSE coatings significantly decreased, and only a slight change for samples with 0% PSE coating. All samples had significant increase in their TBA values during storage. The presence of the coating provided a positive effect on the colour of the fish sausages since no significant colour changes were observed during storage. TPC of control and coated sausage in 0, 5, and 7% PSE exceeded the recommended microbial standard after 2, 6, 8, and 4 d of storage, respectively. Overall, coating with 5% of PSE was...

Expression of dissatisfaction with tomato aroma prompted us to lead this study on the impact of domestic storage conditions on volatile compounds. Two storage modalities (20 °C and 4 °C) and two cultivars (Levovil and LCx) were used. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection after accelerated solvent extraction. Physical characteristics, lipoxygenase activity, hydroperoxide lyase activity; linoleic acid and linolenic acid were monitored. Storing tomatoes at 4 °C induced a drastic loss in volatiles, whatever their biosynthetic origin. After 30 days at 4 °C, the concentration of volatiles had decreased by 66 %. Reconditioning for 24 h at 20 °C was able to recover some aroma production after up to 6 days storage at 4 °C. Volatile degradation products arising from carotenoids and amino acids increased when tomatoes were kept at 20 °C, while lipid degradation products did not vary. Storing tomatoes at fridge temperature, even for short durations, was detrimental for their aroma. This should be taken into account to formulate practical advice for consumers.

Se evaluaron residuos agroindustriales de zanahoria con suero de leche para elaborar bioensilaje para vacas. Se efectuaron análisis físicos, bromatológicos y microbiológicos. Se utilizaron cuatro tratamientos (diferentes concentraciones de preparado microbiano nativo-probiótico), con 2 %, 4 %, 6 % y 8 %. El pH del proceso fue 3,9, y la temperatura, 19 °C. El tratamiento con 6 % de probiótico obtuvo los mejores resultados, con 15,39 % de proteína, 74,78 % de humedad y 14,04 % de fibra, libre de patógenos como Salmonella sp., Clostridium sp., Escherichia coli y mohos; con una mayor concentración de bacterias ácido-lácticas (2,40E+04 UFC.ml-1) y un beneficio costo de 1,33. La producción de leche en vacas Holstein mestizas alimentadas con este producto aumentó de 14,08 a 17,40 L.dia-1, por lo que se recomienda su uso como alimento suplementario.

Green mold, Penicillium digitatum, reduces the postharvest quality of citrus fruit as one of the most economically important horticultural crops in the world. The effect of chitosan, denak essential oil and CH + DEO was investigated on the quality of 'Navel' orange fruit infected by P. digitatum. The results showed that all treatments except DEO, CH and CH + DEO were unusable after 14 days due to decay. Fruit treated with CH and CH + DEO showed the lowest respiration rate and weight loss during storage time. Also, treated fruit had the highest total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenol and ascorbic acid content, and total antioxidant activity during cold storage. There was no signi cant difference in appearance and quality between CH and CH + DEO at the end of the storage period. These results suggested that the coating with CH and CH + DEO can be useful for controlling decay and maintaining the quality in 'Navel' orange during the postharvest period.

Background Green mold, Penicillium digitatum, reduces the postharvest quality of citrus fruit as one of the most economically important horticultural crops in the world. The effect of chitosan, denak essential oil and CH + DEO was investigated on the quality of ‘Navel’ orange fruit infected by P. digitatum. Results The results showed that all treatments except DEO, CH and CH + DEO were unusable after 14 days due to decay. Fruit treated with CH and CH + DEO showed the lowest respiration rate and weight loss during storage time. Also, treated fruit had the highest total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenol and ascorbic acid content, and total antioxidant activity during cold storage. There was no significant difference in appearance and quality between CH and CH + DEO at the end of the storage period. Conclusions These results suggested that the coating with CH and CH + DEO can be useful for controlling decay and maintaining the quality in ‘Navel’ orange during the posthar...

Matsoni, a traditional Georgian fermented milk, has variable quality and stability besides a short shelflife (72e120 h at 6 C) due to inadequate production and storage conditions. To individuate its typical traits as well as select and exploit autochthonous starter cultures to standardize its overall quality without altering its typicality, we carried out a thorough physico-chemical, sensorial and microbial characterization of traditional Matsoni. A polyphasic approach, including a culture-independent (PCR-DGGE) and two PCR culture-dependent methods, was employed to study the ecology of Matsoni. Overall, the microbial ecosystem of Matsoni resulted largely dominated by Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus and Lactobacillus (Lb.) delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. High loads of other lactic acid bacteria species, including Lb. helveticus, Lb. paracasei and Leuconostoc (Leuc.) lactis were found to occur as well. A selected autochthonous multiple strain culture (AMSC) composed of one Lb. bulgaricus, one Lb. paracasei and one S. thermophilus strain, applied for the pilot-scale production of traditional Matsoni, resulted the best in terms of enhanced shelf-life (one month), sensorial and nutritional quality without altering its overall typical quality. This AMSC is at disposal of SMEs who need to exploit and standardize the overall quality of this traditional fermented milk, preserving its typicality.

In this study, the dietary effects of probiotics with a liquid application system on meat quality and physicochemical characteristics of pigs were evaluated. A total of 80 Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc (LYD) 3-way crossbred pigs (average age 175±5 d) were assigned to a conventional farm and a probiotics farm equipped with a liquid probiotics application system (40 pigs in each farm). The two treatments were: CON (diet without probiotics) and PRO (diet with probiotics). Dietary probiotics decreased shear force in the muscle compared to the control group (0.05). The treatment diet did not affect backfat thickness, carcass weight, meat color, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), and drip loss. Dietary probiotics significantly reduced ash, salinity, and pH (at 5 and 15 d) (0.05). There was no significant effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and omega fatty acids (ω3 and ω6) were significantly (0.05) higher in the PRO group,...

This study provides a versatile validated method to determine the total vitamin C content, as the sum of the contents of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), in several fruits and vegetables and its degradability with storage time. Seven horticultural crops from two different origins were analyzed using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographic-photodiode array (UHPLC-PDA) system, equipped with a new trifunctional high strength silica (100% silica particle) analytical column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as mobile phase, in isocratic mode. This new stationary phase, specially designed for polar compounds, overcomes the problems normally encountered in HPLC and is suitable for the analysis of large batches of samples without L-AA degradation. In addition, it proves to be an excellent alternative to conventional C18 columns for the determination of L-AA in fruits and vegetables. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity, detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits, accuracy, and inter/intraday precision. Validation experiments revealed very good recovery rate of 96.6±4.4% for L-AA and 103.1±4.8 % for total vitamin C, good linearity with r 2 -values >0.999 within the established concentration range, excellent repeatability (0.5%), and reproducibility (1.6%) values. The LOD of the method was 22 ng/mL whereas the LOQ was 67 ng/mL. It was possible to demonstrate that L-AA and DHAA concentrations in the different horticulture products varied oppositely with time of storage not always affecting the total amount of vitamin C during shelf-life. Locally produced fruits have higher concentrations of vitamin C, compared with imported ones, but vegetables showed the opposite trend. Moreover, this UHPLC-PDA methodology proves to be an improved, simple, and fast approach for determining the total content of vitamin C in various food commodities, with high sensitivity, selectivity, and resolving power within 3 min of run analysis. Keywords Ascorbic acid . Dehydroascorbic acid . Total vitamin C . Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography . Validation . Fruits and vegetables Published in the special issue Euroanalysis XVI (The European Conference on Analytical Chemistry) with guest editor Slavica Ražić.

The aim of the paper is to present an approach toward creativity and learning in business context in two lines. The first is referred to the processes of creativity as organizational assets and capital. The second line involves a focus on actual learnings settings where the evaluation of results produces new ideas, approaches, contexts, vision, efficiency, organizational needs and goals. This paper discusses Amy Edmondson's scientific approach to execution-as-learning and the research on execution-as-efficiency ( ). The results include the assumption that a larger independence in assertions from each group (on execution-as-learning and execution-as-efficiency) is needed in an organizational context.

The present paper deals with a novel telemetric device combined with a carbon amperometric sensor system to determine postharvest changes of ascorbic acid (AA) in fresh-cut fruits, without displacing products out of the storage rooms. The investigation was performed on kiwi, pineapple and melon, subjected to minimal processing, packaging, cold storage, and simulated shelf life. Results demonstrated that AA content of fresh-cut fruits of all species declines differently during storage. Cold storage notably reduced the degradation rate of AA in comparison with samples stored at 20 °C. The cold-chain interruption resulted in a sharp AA content reduction when the optimal storage condition was not rapidly replaced. Unpredicted results showed a high activity of oxidative enzymes, which prevented AA detection in melon samples. Our sensor system allowed us to demonstrate that both ascorbate peroxidase and ascorbate oxidase affected the oxidative stability and the nutritional quality of fresh cut melon fruits.

Sensory profiling and Near-Infrared (NIR) reflectance analysis were carried out on cod (Gadus morhua), saithe (pollachius virens), rainbow trout (Salmo gardmeri), herring (Clupea harengus) and flounder (platichthys flessus). A nine-member trained panel pegoned the profiling on cooked fillet samples and NIR was measured on the same material as whole, raw fish and rawfillet. For each species, samples vaned in storage time (1 -1 1 days in ice at OC) and season (spring, autumn and winter). One descriptive vocabulary was developed, containing 46 descriptive words altogether: 7 for appearance, 15, odor, 16, taste and 8 texture words. Multivariate data analysis was used to reduce the 46 words to 18, covering the main systematic variations in appearance, odor, taste and texture in conformance with a previous study. The same 18 sensory attributes were modeled by NIR measurements on whole, newfish andfillet. The predictive results showed explained variances to be higher for appearance and

Examined was the effect of post mortem refrigerated storage on microbial spoilage, lipid-protein oxidation and physicochemical traits of goat meat. Seven Boer bucks were slaughtered, eviscerated and aged for 24 h. The Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles were excised and subjected to 13 days post mortem refrigerated storage. The pH, lipid and protein oxidation, tenderness, color and drip loss were determined in LL while microbiological analysis was performed on ST. Bacterial counts generally increased with increasing aging time and the limit for fresh meat was reached at day 14 post mortem. Significant differences were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) content at day 7 of storage. The thiol concentration significantly reduced as aging time increased. The band intensities of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and troponin-T significantly decreased as storage progressed, while actin remained relatively stable. After 14 days of aging, tenderness showed significant improvemen...

Background: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is widely consumed due to its nutritional value; however, it remains highly perishable. In this study, we investigated the effects of an edible coating derived from Vicia villosa protein isolate (VVPI) combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to prolong the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets under refrigerated conditions (4 ± 1 °C).
Methods: VVPI was extracted from defatted Vicia villosa seeds, and three coating formulations were prepared: VVPI alone, VVPI with10 mg ZnO/100 mL, and VVPI with 20 mg ZnO/100 mL. Rainbow trout fillets were coated and monitored for 12 days. Various chemical indices including pH, free fatty acids, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and total volatile nitrogen along with microbial loads, and sensory attributes were evaluated on Days 0, 4, 8, and 12.
Results: The results showed that fillets coated with VVPI-containing ZnO NPs had significantly lower levels of lipid oxidation and microbial growth than the control and VVPI-only samples. Higher concentrations of ZnO NPs (20 mg/100 mL) exhibited the strongest protective effect, delaying the onset of rancidity and maintaining sensory quality. The shelf life of the fillets was effectively extended by four days, highlighting the potential of this approach to preserve fish fillets.
Conclusion: Incorporating ZnO NPs into VVPI-based coatings presents a promising strategy for enhancing the freshness and acceptability of rainbow trout fillets.

The alkaloid cylindrospermopsin has been recognized of increased concern due to the global expansion of its main producer, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Previous studies have shown that bivalves can accumulate high levels of cylindrospermopsin. Based on the potential for human health risks, a provisional tolerable daily intake of 0.03 mg/kg-body weight has been recommended. However, the human exposure assessment has been based on the cylindrospermopsin concentration in raw food items. Thus, this study aimed to assess the changes on cylindrospermopsin concentration in edible mussels with storage and processing time as well as cylindrospermopsin bioaccessibility. Mussels, (Mytilus galloprovincialis) fed cylindrospermopsin-producing C. raciborskii, were subjected to the treatments and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Mussels stored frozen allowed a significantly higher recovery of cylindrospermopsin (52.5% in 48 h and 57.7% in one week). The cooking treatments did not produce significant differences in cylindrospermopsin concentration in the mussel matrices (flesh), however, cylindrospermopsin was found in the cooking water, suggesting that heat processing can be used to reduce the availability of cylindrospermopsin. The in vitro digestion considerably decreased the cylindrospermopsin availability in uncooked and steamed mussels, highlighting the importance in integrating the bioaccessibility of cylindrospermopsinin in the human health risk assessment.

The effect of delactosed whey permeate (DWP) treatment on antioxidant and phyto-chemical components of canned Irish plum tomatoes were investigated. Tomatoes were sterilized for 5 min (F 0 ) at 120 °C and stored for 6 months. The DWP treatment retained significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of ascorbic acid and lycopene of tomatoes. The antioxidant activity of DWP treated tomatoes was higher (7 %) than the control at the end of storage. The firmness in DWP-treated fruits was around 40 % higher than that in control. All the parameters decreased significantly (p<0.05) during storage except lycopene and total phenols. Lycopene content showed no significant change and total phenols increased during storage. The changes in ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity and texture were fitted well to Weibull kinetic models with high coefficients of determination (R 2 ) and low RMSEC (root mean sum of squared error). The results clearly indicate that DWP enhanced the retention of antioxidant compounds in tomatoes during storage.

The study assessed the effect of conscious halal slaughter and slaughter following minimal anesthesia on bleeding efficiency of goats and keeping quality of goat meat. Ten Boer cross bucks were divided into two groups and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or minimal anesthesia prior to slaughter (AS). The blood lost during exsanguination was measured. Residual blood was further quantified by determination of hemoglobin and myoglobin content in longissimus lumborum muscle. Storage stability of the meat was evaluated by microbiological analysis and lipid oxidation. Blood loss at exsanguination, residual hemoglobin and lipid oxidation were not significantly different (p>0.05) between HS and AS. Lactic acid bacteria was the only microbe that was significantly elevated after 24h of storage at 4°C in the AS group. In conclusion, slaughtering goats under minimal anesthesia or fully conscious did not affect bleeding efficiency and keeping quality of goat meat.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how food storage systems adopted by university students impact their food security. Four objectives guided the study. The cross-sectional descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach was adopted for the study. Using Google forms, data was collected from 359 students out of the 390 students purposively sampled for the study. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages) and inferential statistics (Chi-squared test of association) with the Statistical Product for Service Solutions (version 26.0) and EXCEL, 2016. The findings revealed that refrigeration (52%) was the most common food storage system adopted by the students. Again, there was a high prevalence of food insecurity (86.6%) among the students. There was a statistically significant association between sex (X2 = 9.035, p < 0.05) but with females (48.7%) being
more food insecure than males (37.9%), residential status (X
2 = 4.155, p < 0.05); with traditional halls (22.6%) being less food insecure than hostels (64.0%); scholarship status (X2 = 0.473, p < 0.05) with students on scholarship (14.2%) being less food insecure than those not on scholarship (72.4%), as well as students’ geographical regions of origin (X2 = 15.020, p < 0.05) and food insecurity. However, students’ age (X
2 = 4.686, p > 0.05) and level (X2 = 1.743, p > 0.05) had no statistically significant association with food insecurity. It was also found that prices of foods (44.8%) on campus always affected availability of food and students’ accessibility to food. It was recommended that the school
authorities and the SRC should extend the welfare support programs to a larger sector of students as a way of poverty alleviation among the students.

SummaryThe physico‐chemical parameters (pH, mechanical firmness and vitamin C) and sensory parameters of grafted and ungrafted eggplant plants were studied in relation to storage time (up to 17 days at 10 °C). Eggplant plants of cultivar ‘Tsakoniki’ were grafted on Solanum torvum and S. sisymbriifolium rootstocks in order to avoid the soil borne disease caused by Verticillium dahliae. The fruits were stored under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Vitamin C was negatively affected by grafting it storage, while MAP prolonged the shelf life. Although pH was not affected by grafting but was positively affected by MAP. Flesh firmness was negatively affected by grafting and reduced over storage, but positively affected by MAP. Sensory analysis showed higher ratings of fruits from ungrafted plants for sweetness, acceptance and hardness whereas no difference was detected for overall acceptance. Fruits stored under MAP were better maintained compared with those stored in air.

Salmonella enterica is a predominant foodborne pathogen that causes diarrheal illness worldwide. A potential method of inhibiting pathogenic bacterial growth in meat is through the introduction of plant-derived antimicrobials. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of heat (70°C for 5 min) and subsequent cold storage (4°C up to 7 days) on the effectiveness of oregano and cinnamon essential oils and powdered olive and apple extracts against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 in ground pork and to evaluate the activity of the most effective antimicrobials (cinnamon oil and olive extract) at higher concentrations in heated ground pork. The surviving Salmonella populations in two groups (heated and unheated) of antimicrobial-treated pork were compared. Higher concentrations of the most effective compounds were then tested (cinnamon oil at 0.5 to 1.0% and olive extract at 3, 4, and 5%) against Salmonella Typhimurium in heated ground pork. Samples were s...

Ground chicken is likely to have higher microbiological loads than whole carcasses and parts. Therefore, it is necessary to identify antimicrobials that reduce pathogens and overall microbial loads without negatively impacting meat quality. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of various postchill antimicrobials on reducing Salmonella and Campylobacter, and determine the impact of these treatments on shelf life and quality attributes of ground chicken. Five treatments (0.003% chlorine, 0.07 and 0.1% peracetic acid [PAA], and 0.35 and 0.6% cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC]) were evaluated. Samples (n = 120) of skin-on chicken breast and thigh meat were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium (10(8) CFU/ml) and C. jejuni (10(8) CFU/ml). Following a 30-min attachment time, parts were rinsed with either chlorine, PAA, or CPC in a decontamination tank for 23 s. Parts then were ground, samples (25 g) were plated, and reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium and C. jejuni was...

The physicochemical and microbiological qualities of commercial eggs produced by layer hens of different ages (approximately 30 and 60 wk old) were submitted to storage under room temperature or refrigeration for 28 d. A total of 600 eggs were subjected to microbiological analyses of their inner contents and another 600 to a determination of Haugh units (HU) and bioactive amine content. A decrease in the quality of the inner contents of the eggs was observed during the experiment, mainly in the eggs from the 60-wk-old layers, which presented the worst HU values when stored at room temperature (P < 0.05). Microbiological analyses showed an absence of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms, either to-tal or thermal-tolerant; however, low counts of other Staphylococcus species, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., mesophilic aerobic bacteria, and fungi were also recorded. The chromatographic analysis of bioactive amines detected the presence of phenylethylamine in all albumens (38.0 mg/kg) and spermidine in the yolks (1.02 mg/kg). It was concluded that the age of the hens and the time and temperature of storage influenced the quality parameters of the eggs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, despite the low levels of microbial contamination found, phenylethylamine was detected in the albumen. It was not possible to establish index of quality of eggs using bioactive amines present in the yolk and albumen of eggs.

Forty-eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by-products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p &lt; 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p &lt; 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p &lt; 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p &lt; 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. Th...